Corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi

Abstract

The invention discloses an AMF fungus inoculated corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of intercropping cultivation, the method comprises the following steps: 1) measuring spore density of soil of a test field, and then applying fertilizer to the test field; 2) dividing the test field into six test land parcels, alternately planting corn belts and soybean belts, changing the corn planting row number of the corn belts, and performing AMF fungus inoculation on part of the test field; 3) filling gaps with seedlings; (4) thinning; 5) manually weeding once every other week; (6) dressing nitrogen fertilizer in the big horn mouth period of the corn; the method has the advantages that by researching and configuring the row ratio of corn and soybean intercropping and exogenous inoculation of AMF fungi, synergistic promotion of gramineous crops on leguminous crop nitrogen is enhanced, theoretical and practical support is provided for efficient utilization of nitrogen and yield increase and stability of crops, and the method is worthy of popularization and application. Production and use of the AMF bacterial fertilizer are achieved, and strip-shaped composite planting of corn and soybeans is popularized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intercropping cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating maize-soybean intercropping inoculated with AMF fungi. Background Art

[0002] The intercropping pattern of different crop combinations has higher resource utilization efficiency and higher and more diverse food outputs. Intercropping not only improves the diversity of the agricultural ecosystem, but also plays an important role in reducing pests and diseases and improving the system stability. At the same time, a large amount of diverse crop straw is returned to the soil, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil quality. Maize and soybean are important food and oil crops. The maize-soybean intercropping system improves the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient absorption of crops, which is beneficial to increasing crop biomass and yield, and thus shows a strong land productivity advantage.

[0003] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFF) are important soil microorganisms that can form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plants, and play important roles in promoting plant nutrient absorption, repairing root functions, improving soil structure, coordinating water and fertilizer supply in reclaimed soil, and restoring the ecosystem.

[0004] The intercropping belt pattern (row ratio) is an important element of the intercropping spatial layout. The row ratio of maize-soybean intercropping and the planting density of soybean have important effects on the yield and yield components of maize-soybean intercropping. Among them, the grain weight per ear contributes the most to maize yield. A large number of experiments have confirmed the dominant position of maize in this system. The yield of soybean in the intercropping system is significantly lower than that of monoculture. Stabilizing the yield of maize and increasing the yield of soybean in intercropping are the main concerns of intercropping agriculture.

[0005] However, there is no systematic method and conclusion for the research on intercropping belt pattern and fungal inoculation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating maize-soybean intercropping inoculated with AMF fungi, and the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A method for cultivating maize-soybean intercropping inoculated with AMF fungi, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Measure the spore density of the soil in the experimental field, then plow the experimental field and apply fertilizer. After applying fertilizer, rotary till the experimental field to turn the fertilizer into the soil as base fertilizer;

[0009] 2) Divide the experimental field into six experimental plots, and alternately plant maize belts and soybean belts in each experimental plot, with the number of maize rows planted in the maize belt as a variable; during planting, inoculate AMF fungi to maize and soybean in some experimental fields;

[0010] 3) Seven to ten days after sowing, fill in the seedlings in the areas where germination has not occurred;

[0011] 4) Twenty to twenty-five days after sowing, thin out the seedlings, keep one healthy plant in each planting hole, and remove the weeds in the field;

[0012] 5) Carry out manual weeding once every week;

[0013] 6) During the large trumpet-shaped stage of maize, apply nitrogen fertilizer once;

[0014] 7) Harvest. For soybeans and maize in each experimental plot, take 10 plants each for yield determination, and analyze the nutrients in the experimental plot.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), when measuring the spore density of the soil in the experimental field, weigh 5 g of air-dried soil sample into a beaker, soak it with 100 - 150 ml of pure water for 15 min; let it stand until the solution is stratified, pour the supernatant onto a double-layer sieve with 20 meshes on the upper layer and 400 meshes on the lower layer; rinse the filter residue in the 400-mesh sieve into a centrifuge tube with a wash bottle, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 3 min; remove the debris and supernatant on the water surface; add a 45% - 50% sucrose solution to the precipitate until it reaches 2 / 3 of the centrifuge tube; shake well and then put it into a centrifuge, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 2 min; pass the supernatant through a 400-mesh sieve, and rinse it with tap water to remove the residual sucrose solution; rinse the residue remaining on the sieve surface with a wash bottle and rinse it into a petri dish; after transferring it to the petri dish, observe and count all the spores in the petri dish under a stereomicroscope.

[0016] Preferably, in step 1), the fertilizers applied include urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate. Urea is applied according to the nitrogen standard, and the application standard of nitrogen is 120 kg / hm 2 , and the application standards of superphosphate and potassium sulfate are 60 kg / hm 2 and 30 kg / hm 2 .

[0017] Preferably, in step 2), divide the six experimental plots into three groups in pairs. The number of maize rows in each group of maize belts is 2 rows, 4 rows, and 6 rows respectively, and the number of soybean rows in the soybean belt is 4 rows.

[0018] Preferably, when planting maize and soybeans, the spacing between adjacent two planting rows is 40 cm, the distance between adjacent two planting holes is 30 cm, the number of seeds in each planting hole is 1 - 2 grains, and the depth of the planting hole is 5 - 8 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in the three groups of experimental plots, each of the two experimental plots in each group is inoculated and not inoculated with AMF fungi respectively.

[0020] Preferably, when inoculating with AMF fungi, first measure the spore density of AMF fungi, then mix Glomus levis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Diversispora epigaea evenly according to the spore density, then weigh the inoculant and pour it into the planting hole. After the inoculant is mixed with the soil, place the seeds into the planting hole and cover them with soil.

[0021] Preferably, the inoculation amount of AMF fungi per maize plant is 325 spores according to the spore number standard; the inoculation amount of AMF fungi per soybean plant is 170 spores according to the spore number standard.

[0022] Preferably, in step 5), the additional nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application standard of the additional nitrogen is 120 kg / hm 2 。

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By studying and configuring the row ratio of maize-soybean intercropping and exogenous inoculation with AMF fungi, the present invention enhances the nitrogen synergistic promotion of gramineous crops to leguminous crops, provides theoretical and practical support for realizing efficient nitrogen utilization, crop yield increase and stable production, and realizes the production, use and popularization of AMF bacterial fertilizer and maize-soybean strip intercropping. Specific Embodiments

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] A cultivation method for maize-soybean intercropping inoculated with AMF fungi, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0026] 1) Measure the spore density of the soil in the experimental field, then plow the experimental field and apply fertilizer, and after applying fertilizer, rotary till the experimental field to turn the fertilizer into the soil as base fertilizer.

[0027] In step 1), when measuring the spore density of the soil in the experimental field, weigh 5 g of air-dried soil sample into a beaker, soak it with 100 - 150 ml of pure water for 15 min; let it stand until the solution is stratified, and pour the supernatant onto a double-layer sieve with 20 meshes on the upper layer and 400 meshes on the lower layer; rinse the filter residue in the 400-mesh sieve into a centrifuge tube with a wash bottle, and centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 3 min; remove the debris and supernatant on the water surface; add a 45% - 50% sucrose solution to the precipitate until it reaches 2 / 3 of the centrifuge tube; after shaking evenly, put it into a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 2 min; pass the supernatant through a 400-mesh sieve and rinse it with tap water to remove the residual sucrose solution; rinse the sieve residue remaining on the sieve surface with a wash bottle and rinse it into a petri dish; after transferring to the petri dish, observe and count all the spores in the petri dish under a stereomicroscope.

[0028] In step 1), the fertilizers applied include urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate. Urea is applied based on the nitrogen standard, and the application standard of nitrogen is 120 kg / hm 2 , and the application standards of superphosphate and potassium sulfate are 60 kg / hm 2 and 30 kg / hm 2 .

[0029] The nitrogen content in urea is 46%, so the application standard of urea is: 120 / 46% = 260.87 kg / hm 2 .

[0030] 2) Divide the experimental field into six experimental plots, and alternate corn belts and soybean belts in each experimental plot, with the number of corn rows planted in the corn belt as the variable; during planting, inoculate AMF fungi to the corn and soybeans in some experimental fields.

[0031] In step 2), divide the six experimental plots into three groups in pairs. The number of corn rows in the corn belts of each group is 2 rows, 4 rows, and 6 rows respectively, and the number of soybean rows in the soybean belt is 4 rows.

[0032] When planting corn and soybeans, the spacing between adjacent planting rows is 40 cm, the distance between adjacent planting holes is 30 cm, there are 1 - 2 seeds in each planting hole, and the depth of the planting hole is 5 - 8 cm.

[0033] In the three groups of experimental plots, one of the two experimental plots in each group is inoculated with AMF fungi and the other is not.

[0034] Record the number of soybean rows in each soybean belt as 4 rows and denote it as S. For the number of corn rows in the corn belt, denote them as 2M, 4M, and 6M respectively. Then, the treatments for the six experimental plots are as shown in the following table:

[0035] Experimental plot Intercropping pattern Whether to inoculate with AMF fungi 1 2MS Inoculate 2 2MS Do not inoculate 3 4MS Inoculate 4 4MS Do not inoculate 5 6MS Inoculate 6 6MS Do not inoculate

[0036] When inoculating with AMF fungi, first measure the spore density of AMF fungi, then mix Glomus levis, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Diversispora versiformis evenly according to the spore density, then weigh the inoculant and pour it into the planting hole. After the inoculant is mixed with the soil, put the seeds into the planting hole and cover them with soil.

[0037] The standard inoculation amount of AMF fungi per maize plant is 325 spores according to the spore number; the standard inoculation amount of AMF fungi per soybean plant is 170 spores according to the spore number.

[0038] In this application, each gram of the mixed inoculant has 14.65 spores. Weigh it according to the maize inoculation amount of 22.2 g / plant and the soybean inoculation amount of 11.6 g / plant, place it in a plastic-sealed bag, pour the inoculant in the plastic-sealed bag into the hole, grab a small amount of soil and mix it with the inoculant, put the maize or soybean seeds into the hole, so that the soil mixed with the inoculant can completely wrap and cover the seeds, and then compact and mark.

[0039] 3) 7 - 10 days after sowing, fill in the seedlings in the ungerminated areas.

[0040] 4) 20 - 25 days after sowing, thin out the seedlings, keep one healthy plant in each planting hole, and remove the weeds in the field.

[0041] 5) Weed manually once every week.

[0042] In step 5), the additional nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application standard of the additional nitrogen is 120 kg / hm 2 。

[0043] 6) During the large flare - up stage of maize, apply nitrogen fertilizer once.

[0044] 7) Harvest. For the soybeans and maize in each experimental plot, take 10 plants each to measure the yield and analyze the nutrients in the experimental plot.

[0045] The statistics of the yield are as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In the intercropping system, the yields of maize and soybean are the highest under the 4MS treatment, and the yields of the treatments inoculated with AMF fungi are all higher than those without inoculation, that is, it shows that when the row ratio of maize to soybean is 4:4 and exogenous AMF fungi are inoculated, the yields of maize and soybean can be increased.

[0048] Measure the soil nutrients in the experimental plot after harvest, and the results are as follows:

[0049]

[0050] As can be seen from the above table, in the 4MS intercropping pattern and with the inoculation of AMF fungi, the organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the experimental plots reached the highest levels, indicating that soil fertility can be best maintained under such circumstances.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) The spore density of the soil in the test field is measured, and then the test field is ploughed and fertilized, and after fertilization, the test field is rotary tilled to turn the fertilizer into the soil as base fertilizer; 2) The experimental field was divided into six experimental plots, and corn strips and soybean strips were planted alternately in each experimental plot, with the number of corn rows planted in the corn strips as a variable; during planting, the corn and soybeans in some experimental fields were inoculated with AMF fungi; 3) 7-10 days after sowing, reseeding the ungerminated areas; 4) 20-25 days after sowing, thin out the seedlings, keep one healthy plant in each planting hole, and remove weeds in the field; 5) Manual weeding every other week; 6) Apply nitrogen fertilizer once during the corn flaring period; 7) Harvest: 10 soybean and corn plants were harvested from each test plot for yield measurement and nutrient analysis.

2. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), when the spore density of the soil in the test field is measured, 5 g of air-dried soil sample is weighed into a beaker and soaked in 100-150 ml of pure water for 15 min; The solution is allowed to stand until the solution separates into layers, and the upper suspension is poured into a double-layer sieve with 20 mesh and 400 mesh respectively; the filtered material in the 400-mesh sieve is rinsed into a centrifuge tube with a washing bottle, and the filtrate is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes; the impurities on the water surface and the supernatant are removed; 45%-50% sucrose solution is added to the precipitate to 2 / 3 of the centrifuge tube; after being shaken evenly, the precipitate is placed in a centrifuge, and the filtrate is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes; the upper suspension is passed through a 400-mesh sieve, and washed with tap water to remove the residual sucrose solution; the sieve residue remaining on the sieve surface is washed with a washing bottle, and the sieve residue is washed into a culture dish; after being transferred to the culture dish, the number of all spores in the culture dish is observed and counted under a stereoscope.

3. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the fertilizers applied include urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, urea is applied according to the nitrogen standard, and the nitrogen application standard is 120kg / hm 2 The application standards for superphosphate and potassium sulfate are 60kg / hm 2 and 30kg / hm 2 .

4. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the six test plots were divided into three groups, two by two. The number of corn rows in the corn belt in each group was 2, 4 and 6, respectively, and the number of soybean rows in the soybean belt was 4.

5. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 4, characterized in that: When planting corn and soybeans, the distance between two adjacent planting rows is 40 cm, the distance between two adjacent planting holes is 30 cm, there are 1-2 seeds in each planting hole, and the depth of the planting hole is 5-8 cm.

6. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 4, characterized in that: Among the three groups of experimental plots, two experimental plots in each group were inoculated and not inoculated with AMF fungi, respectively.

7. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 6, characterized in that: When inoculating AMF fungi, the spore density of AMF fungi is first determined, and then the smooth-walled Atractylodes lanceolate, Moses's fungus, root-derived Glomerella and surface diverse cysts are mixed in equal proportions according to the spore density. Then the fungus agent is weighed and poured into the planting hole. After the fungus agent is mixed with the soil, the seeds are placed in the planting hole and covered with soil.

8. The corn and soybean intercropping cultivation method inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of AMF fungi per corn plant is 325 according to the spore number standard; the inoculation amount of AMF fungi per soybean plant is 170 according to the spore number standard.

9. The method for intercropping corn and soybeans inoculated with AMF fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the additional nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the additional nitrogen application standard is 120kg / hm 2 .

Images