New-type ecological absorption method for alteration of lithium-containing marlstone

Abstract

The invention discloses a new-type ecological absorption method for altered lithium-containing marlstone, and belongs to the technical field of lithium tailing disposal. Local materials are used, plants, weeds and tailings around a mining area are directly used as raw materials, a low-cost plant-growing matrix material is prepared, local service is provided for ecological restoration of the mining area, and the overall absorption capacity is improved. And a green and efficient full-chain development and utilization technical system of geological prospecting exploration, dressing-smelting separation and extraction and solid waste disposal is helped to be opened, and commercial exploration development and utilization are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium tailings disposal, and particularly to a method for ecologically consuming a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl. Background Art

[0002] Lithium, known as "new energy material in the 21st century", is one of the "high-tech metals" with the fastest growing market demand. Lithium is not only an important raw material required for the production of traditional industries such as ceramics, glass, grease preparation, metallurgy, and refrigeration, but also an important resource for the development of emerging industries. In the new energy field, the application proportion of lithium reaches more than 70% and shows an increasing trend year by year. It is the core metal element supporting the development of China's new energy industry, and its safe supply capacity is related to the healthy and stable development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy vehicles, electronic information, and energy storage in China.

[0003] In recent years, with the growth of new energy vehicle production, China has become the world's largest lithium salt producer and consumer. The lithium consumption increases by 18% annually on average. The supply of lithium resources falls short of demand, and a large amount is relied on imports, with the external dependence degree exceeding 76%. Searching for large lithium resources with economic value has become an urgent task for current geological exploration in China.

[0004] A rare medium - large lithium resource prospective area has been discovered in Liuzhi Pingqiao, Guizhou Province. The reserves of lithium oxide (average grade: 0.4%) are initially estimated to exceed 40,000 tons, and the lithium mineralization information in the periphery is strong, with excellent lithium metallogenic prospects. Due to the low Li2O content in this type of lithium ore, it is difficult to beneficiate and enrich, and the amount of tailings after beneficiation is extremely large. It is estimated that for every 1 ton of battery-grade lithium carbonate product meeting the YS / T 582 - 2013 standard produced and prepared, 144 tons of tailings and waste residues will be generated. The stacking of a large amount of tailings not only occupies land, but also easily causes problems such as soil and water pollution, dust pollution, and ecological damage. If the tailings problem cannot be solved, it will directly restrict the industrial utilization of this type of lithium ore.

[0005] The lithium extraction tailings of altered lithium-bearing marl ore have a high calcium content and a low nutrient content, and are difficult to utilize. Currently, there is no report on the disposal method for the lithium extraction tailings of altered lithium-bearing marl ore. The reported literature and patents on extracting lithium tailings from low-grade lithium-bearing clay ore mainly have two ways: harmless treatment and resource utilization. Harmless treatment is mainly used for tailings dam construction, mine access roads, goaf backfilling, etc. Resource utilization is mainly used for extracting valuable elements, producing building materials, etc., and can also be used for building infrastructure, road construction, and landscape beautification. Limited by the karst landform disposal conditions and transportation radius in the mining area, the overall utilization rate of tailings is low, and the large-scale consumption capacity is limited. It is necessary to find a new disposal method for the lithium extraction tailings of altered lithium-bearing marl ore. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl. By using local materials, fresh plants, weeds and tailings around the mining area are directly used as raw materials to prepare a low-cost vegetation substrate material, which is used locally for the ecological restoration of the mining area, improving the overall consumption capacity, and helping to establish a green and efficient whole-chain development and utilization technology system for geological prospecting exploration - ore dressing separation and extraction - solid waste disposal, so as to promote commercial exploration and development and utilization.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, cut them into pieces, and keep the particle size < 3 cm to obtain fermentation raw materials; Step 2: Inoculate the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 1 with an anaerobic microbial group, compact and load them into a fermentation tank with good sealing and heat preservation properties, and ferment under anaerobic conditions; Step 3: Separate the solid and liquid of the fermentation product under anaerobic conditions in Step 2, collect the liquid fermented under anaerobic conditions, and inoculate it with solid-culturing functional microorganisms; Step 4: Take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step 2, add a conditioner, inoculate it with an aerobic microbial group, and naturally degrade it in a loose state under moisturizing and ventilated conditions to obtain an aerobic fermentation product; Step 5: Collect the tailings generated in the scrubbing and hydrocyclone classification processes, and mix them evenly according to the ratio of 20% - 40% of the scrubbed tailings and 60% - 80% of the hydrocyclone classified tailings; Step 6: Collect the aerobic fermentation product, add urea, dolomite, and biochar, and mix them evenly to make a revegetation composite material; Step 7: Take 37% - 50% of the tailings mixed evenly in Step 5 and mix them with the revegetation composite material to prepare a vegetation substrate material; Step 8: Take the remaining 50% - 63% of the tailings in Step 5 and evenly lay them on the exposed area to be repaired, with a laying thickness of 20 - 25 cm; Step 9: Evenly lay the vegetation substrate material on the tailings in Step 8, with a laying thickness of 15 - 20 cm; Step 10: On the surface soil vegetation substrate material, introduce the fermentation liquid containing solid-culturing functional microorganisms in Step 3, sow grass seeds, and use a rake and an excavator to plow and bury the grass seeds, with a burial thickness of 1 - 3 cm; Step 11: Water once in the morning and once in the evening, keep the moisture content ≥ 15%, and let the plants grow normally after 3 months.

[0008] Preferably, in Step 1, the fresh plants or weeds around the mining area are one or more of Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga ciliata, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Cynodon dactylon, and Axonopus compressus.

[0009] Preferably, in the second step, the anaerobic microbiome for inoculation is Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium coccoides, the inoculation amount is 3%-6%, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.

[0010] Preferably, in the third step, the inoculated chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms are Eurotium sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp., and the ratio of Eurotium sp. to Bradyrhizobium sp. is 1:1. They are inoculated in the form of a bacterial solution, and the inoculation amount is 0.5%-1% of the tailings.

[0011] Preferably, in the fourth step, the moisture retention condition refers to a water content of 50%-65%.

[0012] Preferably, in the fourth step, the aerobic microbiome for inoculation is Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis, the inoculation amount is 3%-6%, the degradation time is 15-20 days, and the conditioner added is urea.

[0013] Preferably, in the fourth step, the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in the second step is taken out for analysis, detection and calculation, and then urea is added to maintain a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-35:1.

[0014] Preferably, in the fifth step, the tailings are lithium-extraction tailings from altered lithium-bearing marlstone ore, in which the calcium oxide content is 20%-30%, the organic matter content is <2%, the total nitrogen content is <0.15%, the cation exchange capacity is <10 cmol / kg, and the silicate-aluminate content is 35%-50%.

[0015] Preferably, in the sixth step, the ratio of the aerobic fermentation product, urea, dolomite, and biochar is 22:5:5:18, and the addition amount is 2%-4% of the tailings.

[0016] Among them, the particle sizes of the dolomite, biochar, and tailings are all ≤0.5 mm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: First, a method for the ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marlstone provided by the present invention uses secondary biological fermentation of plants or weeds around the mining area to prepare repair raw materials, and prepares the tailings into a vegetation growth substrate material, realizing the large-scale disposal of tailings and the restoration of vegetation in the mining area.

[0018] Second, a method for the ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marlstone provided by the present invention mainly uses the fermentation of weed plants as the added exogenous material, and the addition amounts of the other materials are low, which can control the ecological disposal cost of the tailings ≤40 yuan / m 3 , compared with the traditional soil purchase and soil replacement in karst areas ≥70 yuan / m 3 , reducing the ecological restoration cost by more than 50%.

[0019] III. A method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl provided by the present invention. The functional microorganisms of Eurotium and Bradyrhizobium added can dissociate the difficult-to-utilize nutrient substances in the tailings to a limited extent, continuously fix the nutrient elements in the environment, and the maintenance cost in the later stage of ecological revegetation is low.

[0020] IV. A method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl provided by the present invention can solve the resource and environmental problems of tailings from the source, alleviate social contradictions such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, improve the living environment of the people, and coordinate the comprehensive utilization of resources with economic and social development and ecological environment protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0023] Embodiment 1 Figure 1 As shown, a method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, chop them, and keep the particle size at 2.5 cm to obtain fermentation raw materials; Step 2: Inoculate the anaerobic microbial group into the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 1, compact and load them into a fermentation tank with good sealing and heat preservation properties, and ferment under anaerobic conditions; Step 3: Separate the solid and liquid of the fermentation product under anaerobic conditions in Step 2, collect the liquid fermented under anaerobic conditions, and inoculate the chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms; Step 4: Take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step 2, add a conditioner, inoculate the aerobic microbial group, and naturally degrade it in a loose state under the conditions of moisture preservation and ventilation to obtain an aerobic fermentation product; Step 5: Collect the tailings generated in the scrubbing and hydrocyclone classification processes, and mix them evenly according to the ratio of 40% scrubbing tailings and 60% hydrocyclone classification tailings; Step 6: Collect the aerobic fermentation product, add urea, dolomite, and biochar, and mix them evenly to prepare a revegetation composite material; Step 7: Mix 50% of the tailings after mixing in Step 5 with the revegetation composite material to prepare a vegetation substrate material; Step 8: Lay the remaining 50% of the tailings in Step 5 evenly on the bare area to be repaired, with a laying thickness of 20 cm; Step 9: Lay the vegetation substrate material evenly on the tailings in Step 8, with a laying thickness of 20 cm; Step Ten: On top of the topsoil vegetation substrate material, introduce the fermentation broth containing nutrient-fixing functional microorganisms from Step Three, scatter grass seeds, and use a rake and an excavator to turn over and bury the grass seeds with a burial thickness of 1 cm; Step Eleven: Water once in the morning and once in the evening, maintain a moisture content of 15%, and let the plants grow normally after 3 months.

[0024] Among them, in the said Step One, the fresh plants or weeds around the mining area are Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga ciliata, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Cynodon dactylon, and Axonopus compressus.

[0025] Among them, in the said Step Two, the anaerobic microorganism group for inoculation is Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium kluyveri, the inoculation amount is 3%, and the fermentation time is 15 days.

[0026] Among them, in the said Step Three, the nutrient-fixing functional microorganisms for inoculation are Eurotium and Bradyrhizobium, the ratio of Eurotium to Bradyrhizobium is 1:1, introduced in the form of a bacterial solution, and the inoculation amount is 0.5% of the tailings.

[0027] Among them, in the said Step Four, the moisture retention condition refers to a water content of 50%.

[0028] Among them, in the said Step Four, the aerobic microorganism group for inoculation is Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis, the inoculation amount is 3%, the degradation time is 20 days, and the conditioner added is urea.

[0029] Among them, in the said Step Four, take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step Two for analysis, detection and calculation, and then add urea to keep the carbon-nitrogen ratio at 20:1.

[0030] Among them, in the said Step Five, the tailings are lithium-extracted tailings from altered lithium-bearing marlstone ore, with a calcium oxide content of 20%, an organic matter content of 1.5%, a total nitrogen content of 0.1%, a cation exchange capacity of 9 cmol / kg, and a silicate-aluminate content of 35%.

[0031] Among them, in the said Step Six, the ratio of aerobic fermentation product, urea, dolomite, and biochar is 22:5:5:18, and the addition amount is 1.5% of the tailings; the particle sizes of dolomite, biochar, and tailings are all 0.5 mm. The ecological consumption cost of tailings is 33.7 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 97.2%.

[0032] Example 2 A method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marlstone, comprising the following steps: Step One: Collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, cut them into pieces, and keep the particle size at 2.5 cm to obtain fermentation raw materials; Step 2: Inoculate the anaerobic microbiota into the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 1, compact and load them into a fermentation tank with good airtightness and heat preservation, and ferment under anaerobic conditions. Step 3: Separate the solid and liquid of the fermentation product under anaerobic conditions in Step 2, collect the liquid fermented under anaerobic conditions, and inoculate the chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms. Step 4: Take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step 2, add a conditioner, inoculate the aerobic microbiota, and naturally degrade it in a loose state under moisturizing and ventilated conditions to obtain the aerobic fermentation product. Step 5: Collect the tailings generated in the scrubbing and hydrocyclone classification processes, and mix them evenly according to the ratio of 30% scrubbing tailings to 70% hydrocyclone classification tailings. Step 6: Collect the aerobic fermentation product, add urea, dolomite, and biochar, and mix them evenly to prepare the revegetation composite material. Step 7: Mix 42% of the tailings after mixing in Step 5 with the revegetation composite material to prepare the vegetative substrate material. Step 8: Take the remaining 58% of the tailings in Step 5 and evenly lay them on the bare area to be repaired, with a laying thickness of 23 cm. Step 9: Evenly lay the vegetative substrate material on the tailings in Step 8, with a laying thickness of 17 cm. Step 10: On the vegetative substrate material of the topsoil, introduce the fermented liquid containing chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms in Step 3, sow grass seeds, and use a rake and an excavator to plow and bury the grass seeds, with a burial thickness of 2 cm. Step 11: Water once in the morning and once in the evening, keep the moisture content at 20%, and let the plants grow normally after 3 months.

[0033] Among them, in Step 1, the fresh plants or weeds in the mining area are Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga ciliata, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Cynodon dactylon, and Axonopus compressus.

[0034] Among them, in Step 2, the anaerobic microbiota for inoculation is Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium kluyveri, the inoculation amount is 4%, and the fermentation time is 13 days.

[0035] Among them, in Step 3, the chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms for inoculation are Eurotium and Bradyrhizobium, the ratio of Eurotium to Bradyrhizobium is 1:1, and they are introduced in the form of a bacterial solution, and the inoculation amount is 0.75% of the tailings.

[0036] Among them, in Step 4, the moisturizing condition refers to a water content of 57%.

[0037] Among them, in Step 4, the aerobic microbiota for inoculation is Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis, the inoculation amount is 4%, the degradation time is 17 days, and the conditioner added is urea.

[0038] Among them, in the fourth step, the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in the second step is taken out for analysis, detection and calculation, and then urea is added to keep the carbon-nitrogen ratio at 27:1.

[0039] Among them, in the fifth step, the tailings are the tailings from lithium extraction of altered lithium-bearing marl ore, with a calcium oxide content of 25%, an organic matter content of 1.5%, a total nitrogen content of 0.1%, a cation exchange capacity of 9 cmol / kg, and a silicate-aluminate content of 41%.

[0040] Among them, in the sixth step, the ratio of aerobic fermentation product, urea, dolomite, and biochar is 22:5:5:18, and the addition amount is 1.4% of the tailings; the particle sizes of dolomite, biochar, and tailings are all 0.5 mm. The ecological consumption cost of the tailings is 26.8 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 95.6%.

[0041] Example 3 A method for the ecological consumption of a new type of altered lithium-bearing marl includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, chop them, and keep the particle size at 2.5 cm to obtain fermentation raw materials; Step 2: Inoculate an anaerobic microbial group into the fermentation raw materials obtained in Step 1, compact and load them into a fermentation tank with good sealing and heat preservation properties, and ferment under anaerobic conditions; Step 3: Separate the solid and liquid of the fermentation product under anaerobic conditions in Step 2, collect the liquid fermented under anaerobic conditions, and inoculate autotrophic functional microorganisms; Step 4: Take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step 2, add a conditioner, inoculate an aerobic microbial group, and naturally degrade it in a loose state under moisturizing and ventilated conditions to obtain an aerobic fermentation product; Step 5: Collect the tailings generated in the scrubbing and hydrocyclone classification processes, and mix them evenly according to the ratio of 20% scrubbed tailings and 80% hydrocyclone classified tailings; Step 6: Collect the aerobic fermentation product, add urea, dolomite, and biochar, and mix them evenly to make a revegetation composite material; Step 7: Mix 37% of the tailings after mixing in Step 5 with the revegetation composite material to prepare a vegetative substrate material; Step 8: Spread the remaining 63% of the tailings in Step 5 evenly on the bare area to be repaired, with a laying thickness of 25 cm; Step 9: Evenly spread the vegetative substrate material on top of the tailings in Step 8, with a laying thickness of 15 cm; Step 10: On top of the vegetative substrate material of the topsoil, introduce the fermentation liquid containing autotrophic functional microorganisms in Step 3, sow grass seeds, and use a rake and an excavator to plow and bury the grass seeds, with a burial thickness of 3 cm; Step 11: Water the plants once in the morning and once in the evening, maintain the water content at 15%, and let the plants grow normally after 3 months.

[0042] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 1, the fresh plants or weeds in the mining area are Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga ciliata, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Cynodon dactylon and Axonopus compressus.

[0043] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 2, the anaerobic microbiota for inoculation are Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium kluyveri, the inoculation amount is 6%, and the fermentation time is 10 days.

[0044] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 3, the inoculated chemoautotrophic functional microorganisms are Eurotium sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp., the ratio of Eurotium sp. to Bradyrhizobium sp. is 1:1, they are inoculated in the form of a bacterial solution, and the inoculation amount is 1% of the tailings.

[0045] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 4, the moisture retention condition refers to a water content of 65%.

[0046] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 4, the aerobic microbiota for inoculation are Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis, the inoculation amount is 6%, the degradation time is 15 days, and the conditioner added is urea.

[0047] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 4, take out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in Step 2 for analysis, detection and calculation, and then add urea to keep the carbon-nitrogen ratio at 35:1.

[0048] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 5, the tailings are the tailings from lithium extraction of altered lithium-bearing marl ore, with a calcium oxide content of 30%, an organic matter content of 1%, a total nitrogen content of 0.05%, a cation exchange capacity of 5 cmol / kg, and a silicate-aluminate content of 50%.

[0049] Among them, in the above-mentioned Step 6, the ratio of the aerobic fermentation product, urea, dolomite, and biochar is 22:5:5:18, and the addition amount is 1.2% of the tailings; the particle sizes of dolomite, biochar, and tailings are all 0.5 mm. The ecological disposal cost of the tailings is 20.2 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 94.7%.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, cut them into pieces, and keep the particle size at 3.5 cm. The ecological disposal cost of the tailings is 33.2 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 89.5%.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: in Step 7, take 10% of the tailings after mixing in Step 5 and mix them with the revegetation composite material to prepare a vegetative substrate material; in Step 8, evenly lay the remaining 90% of the tailings in Step 5 on the bare area to be repaired; the ecological disposal cost of the tailings is 6.7 yuan / m3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 61.6%.

[0052] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: Step 7, take 65% of the tailings after mixing in Step 5 and mix them with the revegetation composite material to prepare a vegetative substrate material; Step 8, evenly lay the remaining 35% of the tailings in Step 5 on the bare area to be repaired; The ecological consumption of tailings is 43.8 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 96.4%.

[0053] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the laying thickness in Step 8 is 15 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 42.15 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 95.7%.

[0054] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the laying thickness in Step 8 is 30 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 16.9 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 63.3%.

[0055] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the laying thickness in Step 9 is 8 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 13.5 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 79.6%.

[0056] Comparative Example 7 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the laying thickness in Step 9 is 30 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 50.6 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 97.7%.

[0057] Comparative Example 8 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the burial thickness in Step 10 is 0.5 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 33.7 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 78.3%.

[0058] Comparative Example 9 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: the burial thickness in Step 10 is 3.5 cm; The ecological consumption of tailings is 33.7 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 86.3%.

[0059] Comparative Example 10 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in: in Step 2, the inoculation amount is 2%, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 33.0 yuan / m 3 ; The vegetation coverage rate is 89.3%.

[0060] Comparative Example 11 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 2, the inoculation amount is 7%, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 35.8 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 96.4%.

[0061] Comparative Example 12 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 2, the fermentation time is 8 days, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 33.7 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 93.3%.

[0062] Comparative Example 13 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 2, the fermentation time is 17 days, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 33.7 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 95.9%.

[0063] Comparative Example 14 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 3, the inoculation amount is 0.3% of the tailings, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 32.9 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 88.9%.

[0064] Comparative Example 15 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 3, the inoculation amount is 1.2% of the tailings, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 36.8 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 95.7%.

[0065] Comparative Example 16 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 4, the inoculation amount is 2%, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 33.1 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 88.7%.

[0066] Comparative Example 17 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 4, the inoculation amount is 7%, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 37.7 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 95.8%.

[0067] Comparative Example 18 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 2, the degradation time is 13 days, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 27.0 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 94.1%.

[0068] Comparative Example 19 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 2, the degradation time is 22 days, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 27.0 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 95.2%.

[0069] Comparative Example 20 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 6, the addition amount is 1% of the tailings, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 22.5 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 90.6%.

[0070] Comparative Example 21 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that: in Step 6, the addition amount is 4.3% of the tailings, and the ecological consumption of tailings is 67.4 yuan / m 3 ; the vegetation coverage rate is 94.8%.

[0071] Compared with Example 1, when the particle size of fresh plants or weeds around the mining area in Comparative Example 1 is too large, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 2, taking the too low tailings and the revegetation composite material after mixing in Step 5 and preparing them into a vegetation substrate material will reduce the production cost, but it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 3, taking the too high tailings and the revegetation composite material after mixing in Step 5 and preparing them into a vegetation substrate material will increase the production cost; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 4, when the laying thickness in Step 8 is too low, the production cost will increase; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 5, when the laying thickness in Step 8 is too high, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 6, when the laying thickness in Step 9 is too low, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 7, when the laying thickness in Step 8 is too high, the production cost will increase; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 8, when the burial thickness in Step 10 is too low, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 9, when the burial thickness in Step 10 is too high, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 10, when the inoculation amount in Step 2 is too low, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 14, when the inoculation amount in Step 3 is too low, it is not conducive to the vegetation coverage rate; compared with Example 1 in Comparative Example 21, when the addition amount in Step 6 is too high, the production cost will increase.

[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of ecological disposal method for altered lithium-containing marlstone, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect fresh plants or weeds around the mining area, chop them into small pieces, and keep the particle size less than 3 cm to obtain fermentation raw materials; Step 2: inoculating the fermentation raw material obtained in step 1 with an anaerobic microorganism group, compacting and filling it into a fermentation tank with good sealing and heat preservation properties, and fermenting under anaerobic conditions; Step 3: solid-liquid separation of the fermentation product under anaerobic conditions in step 2, collecting the liquid fermented under anaerobic conditions, and inoculating solid-cultivation functional microorganisms; Step 4: taking out the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in step 2, adding a conditioning agent, inoculating an aerobic microbial group, and naturally degrading it in a loose state under moisturizing and ventilating conditions to obtain an aerobic fermentation product; Step 5: Collect the tailings produced in the scrubbing and cyclone classification processes, and mix them evenly according to the ratio of 20%-40% of scrubbing tailings and 60%-80% of cyclone classification tailings; Step 6: Collect the aerobic fermentation products, add urea, dolomite and biochar, mix them evenly, and make a greening composite material; Step 7: Take 37%-50% of the tailings mixed in step 5 and mix them with the greening combination material to prepare a vegetation matrix material; Step 8: Take the remaining 50%-63% of the tailings from step 5 and evenly lay them on the exposed area to be repaired, with a thickness of 20-25cm; Step 9: Evenly lay the vegetation matrix material on the tailings in step 8, with a thickness of 15-20 cm; Step 10: Add the fermentation liquid containing the microorganisms with fixation function in step 3 to the top soil vegetation matrix material, sow grass seeds, and use a rake or excavator to plow and bury the grass seeds to a thickness of 1-3 cm; Step 11. Water once in the morning and once in the evening, keeping the moisture content ≥ 15%. Allow the plants to grow normally after 3 months.

2. The method for ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the fresh plants or weeds around the mining area are one or more of Digitaria sanguinalis, Cynomorium obesum, Setaria viridis, Artemisia argyi, Cynomorium dactylum and Carpetgrass.

3. A new type of ecological disposal method for altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, the anaerobic microorganisms used for inoculation are Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium cohnii, with an inoculation amount of 3%-6% and a fermentation time of 10-15 days.

4. The method for ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step three, the functional microorganisms inoculated for solidification are Eurotium and Bradyrhizobium, the ratio of Eurotium and Bradyrhizobium is 1:1, and they are inoculated in the form of bacterial liquid, and the inoculation amount is 0.5%-1% of the tailings.

5. The method for ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4, the moisturizing condition refers to a water content of 50%-65%.

6. A new type of ecological disposal method for altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 4, the aerobic microorganisms used for inoculation are Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis, the inoculation amount is 3%-6%, the degradation time is 15-20 days, and the added conditioning agent is urea.

7. The method for ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 4, the anaerobic fermentation solid product obtained in the step 2 is taken out for analysis, detection and calculation, and then urea is added to maintain a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-35:

1.

8. The method for ecological disposal of a new type of altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step 5, the tailings are tailings for extracting lithium from altered lithium-containing marlstone ore, wherein the calcium oxide content is 20%-30%, the organic matter content is <2%, the total nitrogen content is <0.15%, the cation exchange capacity is <10 cmol / kg, and the aluminosilicate content is 35%-50%.

9. A new type of ecological disposal method for altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step six, the ratio of aerobic fermentation products, urea, dolomite and biochar is 22:5:5:18, and the added amount is 1.2%-1.5% of the tailings.

10. A new type of ecological disposal method for altered lithium-containing marl according to claim 9, characterized in that: The particle sizes of the dolomite, biochar and tailings are all ≤0.5 mm.

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