New germplasm creation method for early-maturing high-yield lodging-resistant flax in rice-flax triple cropping system

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for creating a new germplasm of early-maturing high-yield lodging-resistant flax in a triple cropping system of rice and flax, and aims to solve the problems of long growth period, low yield and poor lodging resistance of a traditional flax variety and remarkably improve the overall economic benefit of a triple cropping system farmland. Flax seeds are treated by adopting a radiation mutagenesis technology, and good varieties which are high in lodging resistance, early-maturing and high in yield are screened in combination with field trials, so that efficient and stable planting of a rice-flax triple cropping system is expected to be realized, and comprehensive development of a multi-cropping farmland is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for creating a new germplasm of flax with early maturity, high yield and lodging resistance in the rice-rice-flax triple cropping system. Background Technique

[0002] Flax (scientific name: Linum usitatissimum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. The flax stem is erect, lignified at the base, hairless, with strong and elastic phloem fibers, and its structure is like cotton; the leaves are alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate; the flowers are solitary at the top of the branch or in the upper leaf axils of the branch, forming a loose cyme, blue or purple-blue, rarely white or red, with the apex eroded; the capsule is spherical and yellowish-brown when dry. It prefers a cool and humid climate, is cold-tolerant and afraid of high temperatures. The origin of flax is the Mediterranean region, and it is widely cultivated in the temperate zones of Eurasia. It can be used for weaving grass cloth, net ropes and gunny bags, etc. and for papermaking; the whole plant and seeds can be used as medicine.

[0003] It prefers a cool and humid climate. It is cold-tolerant and afraid of high temperatures. The lowest temperature for seed germination is 1-3°C, and the most suitable temperature is 20-25°C; the suitable temperature for vegetative growth is 11-18°C. The soil water content reaches 70%-80% of the maximum field water holding capacity. The previous crop is preferably rice, corn, wheat or soybean. It is suitable to be cultivated in a slightly acidic or neutral soil with deep soil layer, loose, fertile and well-drained, and an alkaline soil with a salt content of less than 0.2% can also be cultivated. Seed germination to true leaf expansion; Slow growth period: It takes 20-30 days. During this period, the roots grow fast mainly, the underground part grows vigorously, and the stem grows extremely slowly, requiring a temperature of about 10°C; Rapid growth period: The above-ground part begins to grow rapidly, taking about 20 days. This period determines the technological length and the thickness of the flax stem, which is an important period for determining yield and quality, and has relatively high requirements for water, nutrients and light. The longer the light time, the longer the flax stem; Flowering and budding period: The seed formation period; Technological maturity period: The fiber has been formed; Maturity period: The cell wall begins to lignify.

[0004] Flax is known as the "queen of fibers among natural fibers" and is mainly used in the textile industry. However, the current flax industry is facing a huge crisis. In 2023, the imported long flax and short flax in China reached about 240,000 tons, and the proportion of dependence on imports was as high as 90%. The flax production in China is mainly concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain, which are also the main commodity grain production bases in China. Since flax and local grain and oil crops are in the same production season, large-scale planting of flax will lead to the problem of "competition for land between flax and grain", making the development potential of northern flax very limited. When flax is planted in the south with north-south transfer and winter planting, its growth period is extended by more than 80 days compared with summer planting in the original place, and the whole growth period reaches about 210 days, while the idle time for sowing and harvesting double-cropping rice is only about 180 days. Therefore, the growth period of winter flax needs to be controlled within 180 days to adapt to the multiple cropping system in the south. Traditional flax varieties have problems such as long growth period, low yield, and poor lodging resistance when planted in the north, which limits their application in the multiple cropping farmland in the south. Especially in the triple cropping system of rice-rice-flax, the growth period of flax needs to match the rice planting cycle to ensure the feasibility and high efficiency of the triple cropping system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of flax variety with early maturity, high yield, and lodging resistance to improve the overall economic benefits of triple cropping farmland. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for creating a new germplasm of flax with early maturity, high yield, and lodging resistance for the triple cropping system of rice-rice-flax, and the present invention overcomes the defects such as long growth period, low yield, and poor lodging resistance in the prior art. The present invention obtains a new flax variety suitable for the triple cropping system of rice-rice-flax through radiation mutagenesis technology and excellent variety screening.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for creating a new germplasm of flax with early maturity, high yield, and lodging resistance for the triple cropping system of rice-rice-flax, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1 Select Melin dry seeds with consistent size, color, and plumpness and sufficient quantity.

[0009] S2 Prepare three culture dishes and a γ-ray radiation source;

[0010] S3 Set the radiation dose rate to ensure that the radiation dose rate is 41.83 Gy / min;

[0011] S4 Set the radiation dose, set two radiation dose levels, which are 0 Gy and 500 Gy respectively;

[0012] S5 Divide the seeds selected in step S1 into two groups, and each group corresponds to the two radiation dose levels in step S4;

[0013] S6 Spread a layer of seeds evenly in each petri dish to ensure that the seeds do not overlap with each other;

[0014] S7 Subject the grouped petri dishes in step S6 to gamma-ray irradiation treatment to ensure that each seed receives the corresponding radiation dose;

[0015] S8 Record the radiation dose and time during the irradiation treatment to ensure that each sample receives an accurate radiation dose;

[0016] S9 After the irradiation treatment is completed, cultivate and observe the seeds according to the experimental requirements.

[0017] S10 Record and analyze the experimental results, compare the effects of different radiation doses on the seeds, and finally obtain a new flax variety suitable for the three-crop rotation system of rice-rice-flax.

[0018] It should be noted that a germination test is also included. 50 seeds of each treatment's irradiated dose and control seeds are used for the germination test. The seeds are placed in a petri dish lined with two layers of gauze, distilled water is poured in, and after covering, it is placed in an incubator at about 25°C. Germination is induced under diffused light in the room, and 3 replicates are set for each group. Specific data on the germination potential, germination rate, and plant height of flax seeds under different radiation treatments and different doses are obtained.

[0019] It should be noted that a field sowing test is also included. The seeds of each treatment's irradiated dose and control seeds are sown outdoors. Land preparation, fertilization, and watering are carried out 7 days before sowing, and the sowing row spacing is about 6 cm; after the plants bear seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored for subsequent tests; among them, the contemporary plants treated by mutagenesis are recorded as the M1 generation, and the plants obtained from the seeds harvested from M1 are recorded as the M2 generation.

[0020] It should be noted that in the germination test, when the radicle of the germinated seed extends to the length of the seed and the hypocotyl extends to 1 / 2 of the seed length, it is defined as normal germination. The germination potential of the seeds is calculated on the 3rd day of the germination test, and the germination rate is counted on the 7th day. 3 replicates are set for each group.

[0021] It should be noted that the plants planted in the field are measured, and 100 values are taken and recorded for each treatment. After summarization, data collation and analysis are carried out.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By using the radiation mutagenesis technology to treat flax seeds and combining with field tests, excellent varieties with strong lodging resistance, early maturity, and high yield are selected, with the expectation of realizing the efficient and stable planting of the three-crop rotation system of rice-rice-flax and promoting the comprehensive development of multi-crop rotation farmland. Specific Embodiments

[0023] This embodiment is based on the present technical solution and gives detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0024] A method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield and lodging-resistant flax germplasm for the rice-rice-flax triple cropping system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1 Select Melina dry seeds that are consistent in size, color, and plumpness and in sufficient quantity.

[0026] S2 Prepare three petri dishes and a γ-ray radiation source;

[0027] S3 Set the radiation dose rate to ensure that the radiation dose rate is 41.83 Gy / min;

[0028] S4 Set the radiation dose, and set two radiation dose levels, which are 0 Gy and 500 Gy respectively;

[0029] S5 Divide the seeds selected in step S1 into two groups, and each group corresponds to the two radiation dose levels in step S4;

[0030] S6 Spread a layer of seeds in each petri dish to ensure that the seeds do not overlap;

[0031] S7 Perform γ-ray radiation treatment on the petri dishes grouped in step S6 to ensure that each seed receives the corresponding radiation dose;

[0032] S8 Record the radiation dose and time during the radiation treatment to ensure that each sample receives an accurate radiation dose;

[0033] S9 After the radiation treatment is completed, cultivate and observe the seeds according to the experimental requirements.

[0034] S10 Record and analyze the experimental results, compare the effects of different radiation doses on the seeds, and finally obtain a new flax variety suitable for the rice-rice-flax triple cropping system.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a germination test. 50 seeds of each treatment irradiation dose and control seeds are used for the germination test. The seeds are placed in a petri dish lined with two layers of gauze, distilled water is poured in, and after covering, it is placed in an incubator at about 25°C. Germination is induced under diffused light in the room, and each group is set with 3 replicates. Specific data on the germination potential, germination rate, and plant height of flax seeds under different radiation treatments and different doses are obtained.

[0036] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a field sowing test. The seeds of each treatment irradiation dose and control seeds are sown outdoors. Site preparation, fertilization, and watering are carried out 7 days before sowing, and the sowing row spacing is about 6 cm; after the plants bear seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored for subsequent tests; among them, the contemporary plants treated by mutagenesis are recorded as the M1 generation, and the plants obtained from the seeds harvested from M1 are recorded as the M2 generation.

[0037] Furthermore, in the germination test of the present invention, when the radicle of the germinated seed extends to the length of the seed and the hypocotyl extends to 1 / 2 of the seed length, it is defined as normal germination. The germination potential of the seeds is calculated on the 3rd day of the germination test, and the germination rate is counted on the 7th day. Each group is set with 3 replicates.

[0038] Furthermore, the plants of the present invention planted in the field are measured, 100 values are taken and recorded for each treatment, and after summarization, the data is sorted and analyzed.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Treat the seeds of flax variety Meline with γ-rays. Among the M1 treated with a dose of 500G, select excellent mutant plants in M1 again, harvest their seeds, treat the M1 seeds with a dose of 500G, and obtain the M2 population after sowing. Select early-maturing mutant plants with narrow leaves and shorter stem lengths in this population and harvest their seeds.

[0041] Sow the above-mentioned early-maturing mutant flax seeds and observe their growth and development characteristics: mainly record the growth period of flax, including seedling stage, fir shape stage, rapid growth stage, flowering stage and maturity stage, the raw stem yield, seed yield and their quality of flax. Calculate the yield and output value according to the harvested raw stems (dry weight) and seeds (dry weight) of flax in the field plots.

[0042] The above-mentioned early-maturing mutant flax blooms about 30 days earlier than the control on average. Its plant height is only half of that of the control, with a high 1000-grain weight and a low yield, and it can be used as a precious material for future seed selection work.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The following examples prove the remarkable effects of the technical solution of the present invention. The agronomic trait data of flax variety Meline before and after radiation:

[0045]

[0046] Note: The data are mean values.

[0047] For those skilled in the art, various corresponding changes and deformations can be given according to the above technical solutions and concepts, and all these changes and deformations should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield, and lodging-resistant flax germplasm in a rice-flax three-cropping system, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1 Select Meline dry seeds of uniform size, color, and fullness in sufficient quantity. S2 prepares three culture dishes and a gamma ray radiation source; S3 sets the radiation dose rate to ensure that the radiation dose rate is 41.83Gy / min; S4 sets the radiation dose and sets two radiation dose levels, 0 Gy and 500 Gy; S5 divides the seeds selected in step S1 into two groups, each group corresponding to the two radiation dose levels in step S4; S6 spread a layer of seeds in each culture dish, ensuring that the seeds do not overlap; S7: subjecting the culture dishes grouped in step S6 to gamma ray radiation treatment to ensure that each seed receives a corresponding radiation dose; S8 records the radiation dose and time during the radiation treatment process to ensure that each sample receives the correct radiation dose; After S9 radiation treatment, the seeds were cultured and observed according to the experimental requirements. S10 recorded and analyzed the experimental results, compared the effects of different radiation doses on seeds, and finally obtained a new flax variety suitable for the three-cropping system of rice and flax.

2. The method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield, and lodging-resistant flax germplasm in a rice-flax three-cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes germination test, 50 seeds of each irradiation dose and control seeds are used for germination test, the seeds are placed in a culture dish with two layers of gauze, poured with distilled water, covered and placed in a culture room at about 25°C, and germinated under indoor diffuse light, with 3 replicates for each group. Specific data on germination potential, germination rate and plant height of flax seeds under different radiation treatments and different doses are obtained.

3. The method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield, and lodging-resistant flax germplasm in a rice-flax three-cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a field sowing test, in which seeds of each treatment irradiation dose and control seeds are sown outdoors, and the land is prepared, fertilized and watered 7 days before sowing. The sowing row spacing is about 6 cm. After the plants are set, the seeds are harvested and stored for subsequent tests. Among them, the contemporary plants that have been mutagenized are recorded as the M1 generation, and the plants obtained from the seeds harvested from the M1 generation are recorded as the M2 generation.

4. The method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield, and lodging-resistant flax germplasm in a rice-flax three-cropping system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the germination test, normal germination was defined as when the radicle of the germinated seeds extended to the length of the seed and the hypocotyl extended to 1 / 2 the length of the seed. The germination potential of the seeds was calculated on the third day of the germination test, and the germination rate was counted on the seventh day. Each group had three replicates.

5. The method for creating a new early-maturing, high-yield, and lodging-resistant flax germplasm in a rice-flax three-cropping system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plants grown in the field were measured, and 100 values ​​were recorded for each treatment amount, which were then summarized for data collation and analysis.

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