Method for continuously emerging crayfish in summer and autumn in ecological engineering pond

Abstract

The invention provides a method for continuously emerging crayfishes in summer and autumn in an ecological engineering pond. The method comprises the steps of constructing the ecological engineering pond and promoting the crayfishes to emerge continuously in summer and autumn. The method comprises the steps of (1) constructing a pond culture system (a pond body, a water inlet and outlet device, an oxygenation device and an escape prevention device); (2) building good ecological conditions of the pond before the parent shrimps are put into the pond; (3) putting and managing parent shrimps; (4) ecological management before seedling emergence; and (5) operation and management of continuous batch seedling emergence in summer and autumn. According to the method, through construction of pond ecological engineering and regulation and control of crayfish breeding ecological conditions, batch emergence of crayfish seedlings after the middle ten days of April can be promoted, the problem that the seedlings of adult crayfish breeding in the next half year are seriously insufficient is solved, and therefore the purpose of greatly prolonging the ecological breeding period of the crayfish pond is achieved. And the method has a relatively high popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fishery science application, and in particular to a method for continuous emergence of crayfish in an ecological engineering pond in summer and autumn. Background Art

[0002] Crayfish, scientifically known as Procambarus clarkii, has the characteristics of wide diet, fast growth, and strong environmental adaptability. It has now become an extremely important freshwater aquaculture economic shrimp in China. However, under the current seed production methods and technical levels, there is a lack of a sustainable production technology system for high-quality crayfish seed. The seed produced can only basically meet the needs of adult shrimp farming in the first half of the year. After mid-to-late May each year, the supply of crayfish seed is very short. The key problems in this industry not only lead to a short adult shrimp farming cycle, unstable farming output, a short market cycle for edible commercial shrimp and an overly concentrated market volume, but also seriously affect the improvement of crayfish farming level and comprehensive benefits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pond culture system and method that can achieve the continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn. Through the method of ecological regulation, the crayfish seedlings are allowed to emerge from the holes one after another after mid-April, solving the problem of severe shortage of shrimp seedlings in summer and autumn, thereby extending the annual breeding cycle of adult shrimp. The method is highly operational and has great promotion value.

[0004] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing an ecological engineering pond culture system that can achieve continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn, comprising a pond body, a water inlet and outlet device, an oxygenation device, and an escape prevention device.

[0006] The pond body comprises a plurality of sub-ponds, a plurality of inner ridges and a rain shelter, the sub-ponds and the inner ridges are arranged at intervals, the inner wall of the pond body and the outer periphery of the plurality of inner ridges are inclined surfaces, and the slope of the inclined surfaces is 1:2.5 to 1:3; the rain shelter is arranged on the plurality of inner ridges;

[0007] The water inlet and outlet device includes a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a double sleeve pipe. The water inlet pipe includes a connected water inlet main pipe, multiple water inlet branch pipes and multiple water inlet valves. The multiple water inlet branch pipes are connected to the multiple inner ridges one by one. Each water inlet branch pipe is provided with a water inlet valve. The double sleeve pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the oxygenation device includes an air compressor, a gas pipeline and a plurality of aerators, the gas pipeline includes a gas main pipe and a plurality of gas diversion pipes connected to each other, one end of the gas main pipe is connected to the air compressor, and the other end is connected to the plurality of gas diversion pipes, the plurality of gas diversion pipes are connected to the plurality of aerators in a one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of aerators are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sub-tanks, and aquatic plants are planted in the plurality of sub-tanks.

[0009] Preferably, the anti-escape device comprises an anti-escape net and a plurality of anti-escape net support columns, the plurality of anti-escape net support columns are arranged around the pond body, and the anti-escape net surrounds the anti-escape net support columns.

[0010] The second object of the present invention is to provide an ecological engineering pond culture method that can achieve continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Setting up the pond culture system: The pond culture system includes a pond body, a water inlet and outlet device, an oxygenation device, and an escape prevention device;

[0012] Step 2: Pond treatment before breeding: drain the pond water, expose to the sun, and perform routine pond disinfection;

[0013] Step 3, aquatic plant planting: in early August, plant low-temperature resistant submerged plants in multiple sub-ponds. The submerged plants occupy 30% to 50% of the bottom area of ​​the pond. As the submerged plants grow, the water level is deepened. At the end of August, the water level is raised to 1.1m to 1.3m.

[0014] Step 4: Broodstock: Broodstock are released from late August to early September. The selection criteria are that the broodstock are disease-free, shiny, and dark red in color. The stocking density is 25,000 to 30,000 per 667m. 2 ;

[0015] Step 5: Feeding and management: After the broodstock are released, feed is added; the aerator is turned on daily to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is ≥6mg / L; the pond water level begins to be lowered 10 days after the broodstock are released, and is lowered by 15cm every 10 days until the water level is lowered and maintained at ≤5cm;

[0016] Step 6, ecological management before emergence: In early April, water is added to make the water level reach 5cm-10cm. After the pond mud softens, high-temperature resistant submerged plants are planted in multiple sub-ponds. Floating aquatic plants are planted around the pond and around the inner bank to form a 2m-3m floating plant area. As the aquatic plants grow, the water level is gradually deepened to 30cm-40cm and maintained at this water level until early May.

[0017] Step 7, ecological management of continuous batch emergence in summer and autumn: in mid-May, catch the shrimp fry in the pond; starting from mid-May, raise the water level by 15 cm to 45 cm every 10 to 20 days to submerge the inclined surfaces around the inner ridges to force the shrimp fry out of the holes, so that the shrimp fry can emerge in summer and autumn.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention provides a pond culture system that can achieve continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn.

[0020] (1) An inner bank is set up, and the outer periphery of the inner bank is a slope with a slope of 1:2.5 to 1:3, which increases the area for crayfish parents to dig holes, increases the number of parents that can be released, and thus increases the number of seedlings that can be bred in the nursery pond by 2 to 3 times.

[0021] (2) The slopes and inner banks around the pond are used as the area for crayfish to dig holes. A canopy is set up to protect the holes from rain and keep them dry. Only by regulating the water level can the holes be flooded and the shrimp fry can be forced to come out. This is the main way to supply crayfish fry in summer and autumn.

[0022] (3) It is equipped with complete water inlet and outlet devices to effectively ensure the water level requirements at each stage.

[0023] (4) It is equipped with an oxygenation device to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water at a high level at all times, thus meeting the oxygen needs of crayfish under conditions of higher breeding density.

[0024] 2. The present invention provides a pond culture method that can achieve continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn. On the basis of regulating the ecological conditions such as breeding density, aquatic plant ecology, feed, and constructing a pond ecological project, the method mainly controls the water level step by step from April to July, so that continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn can be achieved from mid-May, meeting the demand for batch seedlings for crayfish adult shrimp farming in the second half of the year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ecological engineering pond culture system for achieving continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn provided in Example 1 of the present invention:

[0026] 1. Pond body; 11. Sub-pond body; 12. Inner bank; 13. Awning; 14. Awning support column; 15. Aquatic plants; 2. Inlet and outlet device; 21. Inlet pipe; 211. Inlet main pipe; 212. Inlet diverter pipe; 213. Inlet valve; 22. Drain pipe; 23. Double sleeve; 3. Oxygenation device; 31. Air compressor; 32. Gas pipeline; 321. Gas main pipe; 322. Gas diverter pipe; 33. Aerator; 4. Anti-escape device; 41. Anti-escape net; 42. Anti-escape net support column; A. Slope A; B. Slope B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Example 1

[0028] 1. If Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological engineering pond breeding system that can achieve continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn, including a pond body 1, a water inlet and outlet device 2, an oxygenation device 3, and an escape prevention device 4.

[0029] The pond body 1 comprises a plurality of sub-tank bodies 11 (aquatic plants 15 are planted on the sub-tank bodies 11), a plurality of inner ridges 12 and a canopy 13. The sub-tank bodies 11 and the inner ridges 12 (the inner ridges 12 are small mounds protruding in the pond body) are arranged at intervals. The inner wall of the pond body is a slope A, and the outer periphery of the plurality of inner ridges 12 is a slope B, and the slope gradient is 1:2.8 (the slope gradient here refers to the ratio of the vertical height of the slope to the horizontal width, that is, when the vertical height of the slope is 1m, the horizontal width is 2.8m); the plurality of inner ridges 12 are all provided with the canopy 13 (the canopy 13 is installed on the canopy support column 14); preferably, the pond site should be selected with suitable climate, sufficient water source and good water quality, the bottom of the pond body should be rectangular, and the area should be 3000m 2 ~4000m 2 ; The long axis of the inner ridge 12 is arranged parallel to the short axis of the main body 1;

[0030] The water inlet and drainage device 2 includes a water inlet pipe 21, a drainage pipe 22 and a double sleeve 23. The water inlet pipe 21 is located at one end of the pond body 1, and the drainage pipe 22 is located at the other end of the pond body 1. The water inlet pipe 21 includes a connected water inlet main pipe 211, a plurality of water inlet shunt pipes 212 and a plurality of water inlet valves 213. The plurality of water inlet shunt pipes 212 are connected to the plurality of inner banks 12 one by one, and each water inlet shunt pipe 212 is provided with a water inlet valve 213. The double sleeve 23 is connected to the drainage pipe 22. Preferably, the water inlet pipe 21 is located on one side of the long axis of the pond, each inner bank is provided with a water inlet shunt pipe 212, and each water inlet shunt pipe 212 is provided with a water inlet valve 213. The drainage pipe is located at the lowest point on the other side of the pond opposite to the water inlet, and the drainage pipe is connected to the double sleeve for controlling the water level.

[0031] Preferably, the oxygenation device 3 comprises an air compressor 31, a gas pipeline 32 and a plurality of aerators 33, wherein the gas pipeline 32 comprises a gas main pipe 321 and a plurality of gas diversion pipes 322 connected to each other, wherein one end of the gas main pipe 321 is connected to the air compressor 31, and the other end is connected to the plurality of gas diversion pipes 322, wherein the plurality of gas diversion pipes 322 are connected to the plurality of aerators 33 in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein the plurality of aerators 33 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sub-tanks 11, and aquatic plants are planted in the plurality of sub-tanks 11. Preferably, the gas diversion pipe 322 is a plastic hose, and the aerator 33 is arranged at the bottom of the pond, and the aerator 33 is specifically a microporous tube aerator.

[0032] Preferably, the anti-escape device 4 includes an anti-escape net 41 and a plurality of anti-escape net support columns 42, the plurality of anti-escape net support columns 42 are arranged around the pond body 1, and the anti-escape net 41 surrounds the anti-escape net support columns 42. Specifically, the anti-escape facility is located outside the pond body and is a black plastic film, the portion of the black plastic film below the soil is 20cm to 30cm, and the portion above the soil is 30cm to 40cm, and the anti-escape net support columns are bamboo poles, which are used for support every 5m.

[0033] 2. A pond culture method for achieving the emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn provided by an embodiment of the present invention is carried out in the following steps:

[0034] Step 1. Construction of ponds and supporting facilities: See the above-mentioned pond culture system for controlling the continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn.

[0035] Step 2, pond preparation: (1) Pond cleaning: In early July, drain the pond and expose it to the sun for more than 15 days until the bottom of the pond cracks. In mid-July, add 30cm of water and sprinkle quicklime over the entire pond at a dosage of 100kg / 667m 2 (2) Planting grass: In early August, plant low-temperature resistant submerged plants (such as Elodea) at the bottom of the pond, occupying 30% to 50% (preferably 40%) of the pond bottom area. As the aquatic plants grow, gradually deepen the water level. By the end of August, the water level is increased to 1.1m to 1.3m (preferably 1.2m).

[0036] Step 3: Stocking and management of broodstock: At the end of August, stock broodstock that are disease-free, uninjured, shiny, and dark red in color. The broodstock should weigh ≥ 35 g, with a male-female ratio of 3:1. The stocking density should be about 30,000 / 667 m 2. After the broodstock are released, feed the crayfish with complete compound feed from 17:00 to 18:00 every day, combined with fresh animal feed (snail, mussel meat, fish meat), of which the complete compound feed accounts for 75% to 85% (preferably 80%), and the daily feeding amount is 2.5% to 3.5% of the weight of the shrimp in the pond. Turn on the aerator in time to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is above 6 mg / L. Start to lower the pond water level 10 days after the broodstock are released, and lower it by 15 cm every 10 days until the water level drops and is maintained at ≤5 cm and this water level is maintained.

[0037] Step 4, ecological management before emergence: In early April, water is added to make the water level reach 5cm-10cm. After the pond mud softens, high-temperature resistant submerged plants are planted in multiple sub-ponds. Floating aquatic plants are planted around the pond and around the inner bank to form a 2m-3m floating plant area. As the aquatic plants grow, the water level is gradually deepened to 30cm-40cm and maintained at this water level until early May.

[0038] Step 5, ecological management of continuous batch emergence in summer and autumn: In mid-May, catch the shrimp fry in the pond; starting from mid-May, raise the water level by 15cm to 45cm every 10 to 20 days to submerge the holes on the slope of the pond to force the shrimp fry to come out of the hole. The emergence time can be delayed to the end of July at the latest. Before the shrimp fry come out of the hole, fertilize the water quality in time and feed artificial feed appropriately to meet the nutritional needs of the feed (bait) after the shrimp fry open their mouths. When the shrimp fry grows to about 3cm, they are caught and sold or transplanted.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The slope of the inclined plane A and the inclined plane B is changed to 1:2.5; the rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The slope of the inclined plane A and the inclined plane B is changed to 1:3.5; the rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0043] Experimental example

[0044] The survival rate of the crayfish parents, the emergence period, the survival rate of the shrimp fry and the seed yield of the crayfish in this embodiment are statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Comparison of seedling raising effects in different embodiments

[0046]

[0047] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention sets an inner bank with a slope of 1:2.5 to 1:3, which can effectively increase the burrowing area and the number of crayfish parents, thereby increasing the number of seedlings that can be bred in the nursery pond by 2 to 3 times; when the inner bank has a gentler slope (such as 1:3.5 in the embodiment), although the burrowing area of ​​the parents is increased, when the water level rises, more crayfish seedlings will compete for space and bait resources, which is not conducive to their breeding survival rate. After a lot of exploration by the applicant, the slope of the slope of 1:2.5 to 1:3 can breed the most seedlings.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an ecological engineering pond system for promoting the continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn, characterized in that: It includes a pond body, water inlet and outlet devices, an oxygenating device, and an anti-escape device. The pond body comprises a plurality of sub-ponds, a plurality of inner ridges and a rain shelter, the sub-ponds and the inner ridges are arranged at intervals, the inner wall of the pond body and the outer periphery of the plurality of inner ridges are inclined surfaces, and the slope of the inclined surfaces is 1:2.5 to 1:3; the rain shelter is arranged on the plurality of inner ridges; The water inlet and outlet device includes a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a double sleeve pipe. The water inlet pipe includes a connected water inlet main pipe, multiple water inlet branch pipes and multiple water inlet valves. The multiple water inlet branch pipes are connected to the multiple inner ridges one by one. Each water inlet branch pipe is provided with a water inlet valve. The double sleeve pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe.

2. The ecological engineering pond system for promoting the continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygenation device includes an air compressor, a gas pipeline and multiple aerators. The gas pipeline includes a gas main pipe and multiple gas diversion pipes connected to each other. One end of the gas main pipe is connected to the air compressor, and the other end is connected to the multiple gas diversion pipes. The multiple gas diversion pipes are connected to the multiple aerators in a one-to-one correspondence. The multiple aerators are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple sub-tanks. Aquatic plants are planted in the multiple sub-tanks.

3. The ecological engineering pond system for promoting the continuous emergence of crayfish in summer and autumn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-escape device comprises an anti-escape net and a plurality of anti-escape net supporting columns, wherein the plurality of anti-escape net supporting columns are arranged around the pond body, and the anti-escape net surrounds the anti-escape net supporting columns.

4. A method for continuous emergence of crayfish in an ecological engineering pond in summer and autumn, characterized in that: The method of using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for breeding specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Setting up the pond culture system: The pond culture system includes a pond body, a water inlet and outlet device, an oxygenation device, and an escape prevention device; Step 2: Pond treatment before breeding: drain the pond water, expose to the sun, and perform routine pond disinfection; Step 3, aquatic plant planting: in early August, plant low-temperature resistant submerged plants in multiple sub-ponds. The submerged plants occupy 30% to 50% of the bottom area of ​​the pond. As the submerged plants grow, the water level is deepened. By the end of August, the water level is increased to 1.1m to 1.3m. Step 4: Broodstock: Broodstock are released from late August to early September. The selection criteria are that the broodstock are disease-free, shiny, and dark red in color. The stocking density is 25,000 to 30,000 per 667m. 2 ; Step 5: Feeding and management: After the broodstock are released, feed is added; the aerator is turned on daily to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is ≥6mg / L; the pond water level begins to be lowered 10 days after the broodstock are released, and is lowered by 15cm every 10 days until the water level is lowered and maintained at ≤5cm; Step 6, ecological management before emergence: In early April, water is added to make the water level reach 5cm-10cm. After the pond mud softens, high-temperature resistant submerged plants are planted in multiple sub-ponds. Floating aquatic plants are planted around the pond and around the inner bank to form a 2m-3m floating plant area. As the aquatic plants grow, the water level is gradually deepened to 30cm-40cm and maintained at this water level until early May. Step 7, ecological management of continuous batch emergence in summer and autumn: in mid-May, catch the shrimp fry in the pond; starting from mid-May, raise the water level by 15 cm to 45 cm every 10 to 20 days to submerge the inclined surfaces around the inner ridges to force the shrimp fry out of the holes, so that the shrimp fry can emerge in summer and autumn.

5. The pond culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 are as follows: in early July, drain the pond water and expose it to the sun for more than 15 days until the bottom of the pond cracks; in mid-July, add water and sprinkle quicklime over the entire pond at a dosage of 100kg / 667m 2 .

6. The pond culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 4, the weight of the broodstock released is 35 g to 50 g, and the male-female ratio is 4:1 to 3:

1.

7. The pond culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 5, the daily feed includes complete compound feed, fish meat and river mussel meat, and the total feeding amount is 2.5% to 3.5% of the shrimp in the pond, of which the complete compound feed accounts for 75% to 85% of the feed weight.

8. The pond culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 7, when the shrimp fry grows to 2 cm to 4 cm, they are caught and sold or transplanted.

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