Puffing machine and puffing processing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an improved bulking machine and a bulking processing method. The bulking machine solves the technical problems that equipment is huge and the manufacturing cost is high due to the fact that a conditioner is independently arranged above a screw extrusion mechanism in a feed forming machine and a bulking machine. Comprising a screw extrusion mechanism which comprises a press barrel and a screw arranged in the press barrel in a matched manner; the bulking die head is arranged at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism; the screw extrusion mechanism is provided with a tempering extrusion conveying section and a puffing extrusion conveying section which are sequentially arranged in the material moving direction, and a water supplementing pipeline and an intensified heating device are arranged in a press machine barrel of the tempering extrusion conveying section. The water supplementing pipeline is used for being connected with an external water supplementing device and adding water and / or water vapor into the material conveying cavity of the hardening and tempering extrusion conveying section, and the strengthening heating device can conduct strengthening heating on the interior of the material conveying cavity so that the hardening and tempering extrusion conveying section can achieve the needed hardening and tempering capacity. The technical effects of compact structure and low cost are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an extruder and an extrusion processing method. Background Art

[0002] A feed forming machine is an important device in feed processing, and is usually used to process powdery or granular feed raw materials into pellet feeds with specific forms and qualities. In the feed forming process, the raw materials need to be pretreated by conditioning and then extruded into shape. This not only changes the physical form of the raw materials, but also improves the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed through thermo-mechanical treatment. During the processing, a series of physical and chemical changes occur to nutrients such as starch and protein in the materials, such as starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. These changes are beneficial to improving the nutritional value and palatability of the feed. The main feed forming machine refers to an extruder.

[0003] Specifically, an extruder usually processes raw materials into porous extruded feeds through an extrusion process of high temperature, high pressure and high shear. During the processing, the raw materials are first pretreated in a conditioner: an appropriate amount of steam is added to the conditioner to bring the humidity and temperature of the materials to a specific range (usually 60-80 °C, and the moisture content is 15-25 wt%); during the conditioning process, the addition and uniform distribution of moisture improve the flexibility and fluidity of the materials. At the same time, the steam heating causes some starch granules to be preliminarily gelatinized, enhancing the plasticity and adhesiveness of the materials, thus providing more suitable physical conditions for subsequent extrusion processing; thus, the materials are heated and softened, improving their plasticity and uniformity, and facilitating subsequent extrusion processing. The conditioned materials enter a screw extrusion mechanism, where, under the action of high pressure and high shear force, the materials are further heated up and starch gelatinization and protein denaturation occur. Finally, when the materials are discharged from the extrusion die head, due to the rapid reduction of pressure, the internal moisture vaporizes and expands, and then is cut by a shearing mechanism to form low-density extruded pellet feeds.

[0004] Figure 1 It is a product drawing of an extruder currently produced by the applicant. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the main components of the puffing machine mainly include a feeder 1, a conditioner 2, a screw extrusion mechanism 3, a puffing die head 4, a shearing mechanism 5, a transmission box 6, a driving motor 7, and a machine base 8. Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism 3, the transmission box 6, and the driving motor 7 are respectively installed on the machine base 8. The screw in the screw extrusion mechanism 3 is connected to the driving motor 7 through the transmission box 6. The puffing die head 4 is arranged at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism 3. A shearing mechanism 5 is provided at the outlet of the puffing die head 4. The conditioner 2 is arranged above the feed inlet of the screw extrusion mechanism 3. The feeder 1 is arranged at the feed inlet of the conditioner 2. The feeder 1 is used to directly convey powder or granular materials to the conditioner 2. In addition, the conditioner 2 is also connected to an external steam supply system through a steam transmission pipeline. Among them, the conditioner 2 adopts an atmospheric pressure cylinder body. Stirring paddles are distributed on the rotating shaft inside the cylinder body for uniformly mixing and conveying materials. Multiple steam nozzles are also arranged inside the cylinder body. The water vapor from the external steam supply system is evenly distributed in the materials through the nozzles, ensuring more uniform heating and moistening of the materials.

[0005] The above puffing machines generally have various technical defects: First, the conditioner 2 heats and moistens the materials through multiple steam nozzles. Due to the low heat transfer efficiency of water vapor, it is difficult to achieve rapid and sufficient conditioning of the materials. Second, in order to make up for the insufficient single-layer conditioning effect, a series design of multiple layers (such as two or three layers) of conditioners is often adopted. Although the conditioning time is extended, it also causes problems such as excessive equipment weight, complex structure, increased height, and easy temperature loss of the materials during the multi-layer transfer process, affecting the conditioning effect. Third, since the conditioner 2 is connected to the external steam supply system through a steam transmission pipeline, the external steam supply system is a complex skid-mounted device, which contains a large number of valves and instruments, resulting in a significant increase in the manufacturing cost of the external steam supply system. Finally, the conditioner 2 and the screw extrusion mechanism 3 adopt an independent drive mode, which not only increases the complexity of the transmission system but also significantly increases the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the equipment. Generally speaking, the above puffing machines have problems of large equipment size and high manufacturing cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved feed forming machine and puffing machine to solve the technical problems of large equipment size and high manufacturing cost in the feed forming machine and puffing machine due to the independent setting of the conditioner above the screw extrusion mechanism. Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved conditioner for feed processing to solve the technical problems of low working efficiency and long conditioning time of the existing conditioner.

[0007] In a first aspect, an extruder is provided, comprising: a screw extrusion mechanism including a pressure barrel and a screw disposed in the pressure barrel in a mating manner; and an extrusion die head disposed at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism; the screw extrusion mechanism has a conditioning extrusion conveying section and an expansion extrusion conveying section sequentially arranged along the material movement direction, the pressure barrel has a conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel and an expansion extrusion conveying section pressure barrel respectively corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section and the expansion extrusion conveying section, and the screw has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel in a mating manner and an expansion extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the expansion extrusion conveying section pressure barrel in a mating manner; a water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device are arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel, the water supply pipeline is used to be connected to an external water supply device and add water and / or steam to the material conveying chamber of the conditioning extrusion conveying section, and the strengthening heating device can perform strengthening heating on the material conveying chamber so that the conditioning extrusion conveying section reaches the required conditioning capacity.

[0008] In a second aspect, an extrusion processing method is provided. After obtaining extruded material through the extruder in the first aspect above, the extruded material is cut by a shearing mechanism located at the outlet of the extrusion die head to obtain extruded pellet material.

[0009] In a third aspect, a feed forming machine is provided, comprising: a screw extrusion mechanism including a pressure barrel and a screw disposed in the pressure barrel in a mating manner; and a forming die head disposed at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism; the screw extrusion mechanism has a conditioning extrusion conveying section and a forming extrusion conveying section sequentially arranged along the material movement direction, the pressure barrel has a conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel and a forming extrusion conveying section pressure barrel respectively corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section and the forming extrusion conveying section, and the screw has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel in a mating manner and a forming extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the forming extrusion conveying section pressure barrel in a mating manner; a water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device are arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure barrel, the water supply pipeline is used to be connected to a water supply device and add water / or steam to the material conveying chamber of the conditioning extrusion conveying section during operation, and the strengthening heating device can perform strengthening heating on the material conveying chamber so that the conditioning extrusion conveying section reaches the required conditioning capacity.

[0010] Fourthly, a conditioner for feed processing is provided, which includes a screw extrusion mechanism. The screw extrusion mechanism comprises a press cylinder, a screw arranged in the press cylinder in a matching manner, and a rotary driving device for driving the screw. An outlet is arranged at the front end of the press cylinder, and a feed inlet is opened at the upper side of the rear end of the press cylinder. Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism has a conditioning extrusion conveying section, the press cylinder has a conditioning extrusion conveying section press cylinder corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section, and the screw has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section press cylinder in a matching manner. A water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device are arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section press cylinder. The water supply pipeline is used to be connected with a water supply device and add water / or steam to the material conveying chamber of the conditioning extrusion conveying section during operation. The strengthening heating device can perform strengthening heating on the material conveying chamber so that the conditioning extrusion conveying section reaches the required conditioning capacity.

[0011] Through the innovative design of setting a conditioning extrusion conveying section and a forming extrusion conveying section / puffing extrusion conveying section in the screw extrusion mechanism, the feed forming machine / puffing machine of the present invention integrates the conditioning function into the screw extrusion mechanism, and can (but not necessarily) eliminate the layout where the conditioner is independently arranged above the screw extrusion mechanism in traditional equipment. At the same time, by arranging a water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device in the conditioning extrusion conveying section press cylinder, rapid and sufficient conditioning of materials can be realized, ensuring the conditioning effect. This design helps to simplify the equipment structure, reduce the equipment height and manufacturing cost, and can also improve the complexity problem of the transmission system caused by the independent driving of the conditioner and the screw extrusion mechanism in traditional equipment, achieving the technical effects of compact structure and economical cost.

[0012] The conditioner for feed processing of the present invention adopts the screw extrusion mechanism design. By configuring a water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device in the conditioning extrusion conveying section press cylinder, the conditioning moisture of materials can be precisely controlled through the water supply pipeline, and the materials can be ensured to quickly reach the required conditioning temperature through the strengthening heating device. At the same time, the extrusion and conveying action of the screw is utilized to promote the full mixing of materials and moisture, thereby effectively improving the conditioning effect, enhancing the working efficiency of the conditioner, and reducing the conditioning time.

[0013] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The additional aspects and advantages provided by the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be understood through practice. Description of the Drawings

[0014] The drawings forming a part of this specification are used to assist in the understanding of the present invention. The content provided in the drawings and the related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 1It is a product drawing of an extruder currently produced by the applicant.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an extruder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 For Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the screw extrusion mechanism and the extrusion die head in the shown extruder.

[0018] Figure 4 For Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure cylinder of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section in the shown extruder.

[0019] In the figure, the markings are: feeder 1, conditioner 2, screw extrusion mechanism 3, conditioning extrusion and conveying section 3A, puffing extrusion and conveying section 3B, pressure cylinder 31, pressure cylinder 31A of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section, pressure cylinder 31B of the puffing extrusion and conveying section, feed inlet 311, screw 32, screw 32A of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section, screw 32B of the puffing extrusion and conveying section, flange pipe 33, extrusion die head 4, shearing mechanism 5, transmission box 6, drive motor 7, machine base 8, water supply pipeline 9, heating device 10. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that:

[0021] In each part including the following description, the technical solutions and technical features provided, without conflict, these technical solutions and technical features can be combined with each other. In addition, where possible, these technical solutions, technical features and related combinations can be given a specific technical subject and be protected by relevant patents.

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention involved in the following description are usually only some embodiments rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on these embodiments should fall within the scope of patent protection.

[0023] The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and any variations thereof in this specification, the corresponding claims and the relevant parts are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. Other related terms and units can be reasonably explained based on the relevant content provided in this specification.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a product drawing of an extruder currently produced by the applicant. This extruder is mainly used for producing floating fish feed. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the main body of the puffing machine includes a feeder 1, a conditioner 2, a screw extrusion mechanism 3 (including a pressure cylinder and a screw disposed in the pressure cylinder), a puffing die head 4, a shearing mechanism 5, a transmission case 6, a driving motor 7, and a machine base 8. Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism 3, the transmission case 6, and the driving motor 7 are respectively installed on the machine base 8. The screw in the screw extrusion mechanism 3 is connected to the driving motor 7 through the transmission case 6. The puffing die head 4 is disposed at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism 3. A shearing mechanism 5 is provided at the outlet of the puffing die head 4. The conditioner 2 is disposed above the feed inlet of the screw extrusion mechanism 3. The feeder 1 is disposed at the feed inlet of the conditioner 2, and the feeder 1 is used to directly convey powder or granular materials to the conditioner 2. In addition, the conditioner 2 is also connected to an external steam supply system through a steam transmission pipeline. Among them, the conditioner 2 adopts an atmospheric pressure cylinder body. Stirring paddles are distributed on the rotating shaft inside the cylinder body for uniformly mixing and conveying materials. Multiple steam nozzles are also provided inside the cylinder body. The water vapor from the external steam supply system is evenly distributed in the materials through the nozzles, ensuring more uniform heating and moistening of the materials.

[0025] The above-mentioned puffing machines generally have various technical defects: First, the conditioner 2 heats and moistens the materials through multiple steam nozzles. Due to the low heat transfer efficiency of water vapor, it is difficult to achieve rapid and sufficient conditioning of the materials. Second, in order to make up for the insufficient effect of single-layer conditioning, a series design of multiple layers (such as two or three layers) of conditioners is often adopted. Although the conditioning time is extended, it also causes problems such as excessive equipment weight, complex structure, increased height, etc. Moreover, the materials are prone to temperature loss during the multi-layer transfer process, affecting the conditioning effect. Third, since the conditioner 2 is connected to an external steam supply system through a steam transmission pipeline, the external steam supply system is a complex skid-mounted device, and this skid-mounted device contains a large number of valves and instruments, resulting in a significant increase in the manufacturing cost of the external steam supply system. Finally, the conditioner 2 and the screw extrusion mechanism 3 adopt an independent drive mode, which not only increases the complexity of the transmission system but also significantly increases the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the equipment. Generally speaking, the above-mentioned puffing machines have problems of large equipment size and high manufacturing cost.

[0026] Figure 2 The structure diagram of a puffing machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 3 is Figure 2 the structure diagram of the screw extrusion mechanism and the puffing die head in the shown puffing machine Figure 4 is Figure 2 the cross-sectional sectional view of the pressure cylinder of the conditioning, extrusion, and conveying section in the shown puffing machine. As Figures 2 - 4As shown in the figure, in response to the problems of the above-mentioned extruder, the extruder of Embodiment 1 of the present invention directly cancels the original conditioner 2 (including the external steam supply system), and by extending the length of the screw extrusion mechanism 3 and arranging a water supply pipeline 9 and a strengthened heating device 10 on the screw extrusion mechanism 3, so that the latter section of the screw extrusion mechanism 3 has a conditioning effect similar to or even better than that of the original conditioner 2. Experiments show that under the condition that the manufacturing cost of the extruder of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is significantly reduced, the floating fish feed produced by it is Figure 1 identical in form and quality to the floating fish feed produced by the extruder shown in the figure.

[0027] Specifically, the extruder of Embodiment 1 of the present invention still includes a feeder 1, a screw extrusion mechanism 3 (including a pressure cylinder 31 and a screw 32 arranged in cooperation with the pressure cylinder), an extrusion die head 4, a shearing mechanism 5, a transmission box 6, a driving motor 7, and a machine base 8. Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism 3, the transmission box 6, and the driving motor 7 are respectively installed on the machine base 8. The screw in the screw extrusion mechanism 3 is connected to the driving motor 7 through the transmission box 6. The extrusion die head 4 is arranged at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism 3, and a shearing mechanism 5 is provided at the outlet of the extrusion die head 4. The rear end of the screw extrusion mechanism 3 is butt-connected to the transmission box and has a feed inlet on its upper side. The feeder 1 is arranged above the feed inlet of the screw extrusion mechanism 3, and the feeder 1 is used to directly convey powder or granular materials to the feed inlet.

[0028] Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism 3 has a conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A and an extrusion extrusion conveying section 3B arranged in sequence along the material movement direction. The pressure cylinder 31 has a conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder 31A and an extrusion extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder 31B corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A and the extrusion extrusion conveying section 3B respectively. The screw 32 has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw 32A arranged in cooperation with the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder 31A and an extrusion extrusion conveying section screw 32B arranged in cooperation with the extrusion extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder 31B. In addition, a water supply pipeline 9 and a strengthened heating device 10 are arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder 31A. The water supply pipeline 9 is used to be connected to an external water supply device and add water to the material conveying chamber of the conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A. The strengthened heating device 10 can perform strengthened heating on the material conveying chamber so that the conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A reaches the required conditioning capacity.

[0029] It can be seen that through the innovative design of setting a conditioning extrusion and conveying section 3A and an expansion extrusion and conveying section 3B in the screw extrusion mechanism 3 of the extruder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the conditioning function is integrated into the screw extrusion mechanism 3, eliminating the layout in the traditional equipment where the conditioner 2 is independently arranged above the screw extrusion mechanism 3; meanwhile, a water supplement pipeline and a strengthening heating device are arranged in the pressure barrel 31A of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section, enabling rapid and sufficient conditioning of the material and ensuring the conditioning effect. This design not only simplifies the equipment structure, reduces the equipment height and manufacturing cost, but also avoids the complexity problem of the transmission system caused by the independent drive of the conditioner and the screw extrusion mechanism in the traditional equipment, achieving the technical effects of compact structure and economic cost.

[0030] More specifically, in the extruder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the conditioning extrusion and conveying section 3A integrates the conditioning function into the screw extrusion structure. Water is directly added through the water supplement pipeline 9 and efficiently heated by the strengthening heating device 10. The water is rapidly transformed into water vapor. At the same time, with the rotation and extrusion action of the screw 32A in the conditioning extrusion and conveying section, it promotes the contact, mixing, temperature rise, and homogenization of the material and the water vapor, pre-gelatinizing the starch and initially denaturing the protein, preparing for subsequent expansion; while the expansion extrusion and conveying section 3B, after receiving the pretreated material, through the strong shearing action of high temperature and high pressure and the screw 32B in the expansion extrusion and conveying section, completely gelatinizes the starch, thoroughly denatures the protein, and forms a network structure. When the material instantaneously expands after passing through the expansion die head 4, finally forming a floating fish feed product with a porous structure. It can be seen that the above entire process realizes a seamless connection from conditioning to expansion, improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0031] In addition, there are also essential differences in the working principles between the traditional conditioner 2 and the conditioning extrusion and conveying section 3A of the present application. The traditional conditioner 2 adopts an atmospheric pressure cylinder structure, relying on internal stirring paddles to mix the material (there is a large gap between the material and the atmospheric pressure cylinder), and indirectly heating and conditioning the material by spraying water vapor onto the material through multiple steam nozzles. The heat transfer efficiency is low, and often multiple layers need to be connected in series to extend the conditioning time; while in the extruder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the conditioning function is integrated between the pressure barrel 31A of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section and the screw 32A of the conditioning extrusion and conveying section. Liquid water is directly injected through the water supplement pipeline 9 and heat is provided by the strengthening heating device 10. At the same time, combined with the extrusion force, shear force, and mechanical heat generated by the rotation of the screw 32A in the conditioning extrusion and conveying section, under certain pressure conditions (this pressure is usually lower than the pressure in the expansion extrusion and conveying section 3B but significantly higher than the atmospheric pressure environment of the traditional conditioner), it promotes the rapid water absorption, uniform heating, and plasticization of the material, achieving more efficient heat transfer and more sufficient conditioning effect, completely eliminating the complexity of the external steam supply system and the need for an additional transmission system, making the equipment structure more compact and significantly reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0032] The screw extrusion mechanism 3 can be a single-screw extrusion mechanism, a twin-screw extrusion mechanism, or even a triple-screw extrusion mechanism. In the puffing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the screw extrusion mechanism specifically adopts a twin-screw extrusion mechanism.

[0033] In the screw extrusion mechanism of the puffing machine, the clearance between the screw and the pressure cylinder (specifically referring to the radial unilateral clearance between the outer diameter of the screw and the inner diameter of the part of the pressure cylinder that cooperates with the screw, that is, half of the difference between the outer diameter of the screw and the inner diameter of the part of the pressure cylinder that cooperates with the screw) is usually 0.1 - 0.5 mm. In the puffing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the radial unilateral clearance between the outer diameter of the screw 32 and the inner diameter of the part of the pressure cylinder 31 that cooperates with the screw is still 0.1 - 0.5 mm.

[0034] Combined Figures 1 - 3 As shown, most of the screw extrusion mechanisms of current puffing machines adopt such a design: the pressure cylinder 31 is horizontally connected in series by multiple flange pipes 33 of the same specification. The flange pipe 33 at the front end of the pressure cylinder 31 (the flange pipe with serial number VIII in Figure 3 is docked with the puffing die head 4. The flange pipe 33 at the rear end of the pressure cylinder 31 (the flange pipe with serial number I in Figure 3 is docked with the transmission box 6 and has a feed port 311 on the upper side. The rear end of the screw 32 passes through the flange pipe 33 at the rear end of the pressure cylinder 31 and is connected to the transmission mechanism in the transmission box 6.

[0035] The design advantage of the pressure cylinder 31 being horizontally connected in series by multiple flange pipes 33 of the same specification is that: through the standardized flange pipes 33, the modular design of the pressure cylinder 31 is realized, which is convenient for flexibly adjusting the total length of the screw extrusion mechanism 3 according to process requirements, and at the same time simplifies the manufacturing and assembly processes of the pressure cylinder 31; the standardized flange pipes 33 are convenient for mass production and reduce the manufacturing cost; in addition, when replacement or maintenance is required, only the flange pipe 33 at a specific position needs to be disassembled without replacing the entire pressure cylinder 31, reducing the maintenance time and spare part cost.

[0036] Currently, the flange pipes 33 of the screw extrusion mechanism of the puffing machine are usually designed such that: for each additional section of the length of the flange pipe 33, it is roughly equivalent to increasing the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism by 4:1 (that is, the ratio of the length of the screw 32 in the pressure cylinder 31 of the screw extrusion mechanism 3 to the outer diameter of the screw 32). The screw extrusion mechanism of traditional puffing machines generally uses four to five sections of flange pipes ( Figure 1 uses five sections of flange pipes), that is to say, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism of traditional puffing machines is usually 16 - 20 (when using four sections of flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio is 4 * 4 = 16, and when using five sections of flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio is 5 * 4 = 20).

[0037] In the extruder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the design that the pressure cylinder 31 is horizontally connected in series by multiple flange pipes 33 of the same specification is continued. The special advantage of this design for the present invention is that when the pressure cylinder 31 is horizontally connected in series by multiple flange pipes 33 of the same specification, it is convenient to realize the functional zoning of the screw extrusion mechanism (the conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A and the puffing extrusion conveying section 3B), and the water supply pipeline 9 and the enhanced heating device 10 can be arranged on the flange pipes 33 at different positions as required.

[0038] Specifically, in the extruder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the number of the flange pipes 33 is increased to eight. The first four flange pipes 33 (i.e., Figure 3 the flange pipes with serial numbers V, VI, VII, and VIII in Figure 3 constitute the pressure cylinder 31B of the puffing extrusion conveying section. The last four flange pipes 33 (i.e., Figure 3 the flange pipes with serial numbers II, III, and IV in Figure 3 constitute the pressure cylinder 31A of the conditioning extrusion conveying section. In addition, the water supply pipeline 9 and the enhanced heating device 10 are arranged in the flange pipes 33 (i.e., Figure 3 the flange pipes with serial numbers II, III, and IV in

[0039] behind the flange pipe 33 at the rearmost end of the pressure cylinder 31 (i.e., the flange pipe with serial number I in

[0040] which are used to constitute the pressure cylinder 31A of the conditioning extrusion conveying section. Of course, the water supply pipeline 9 and the enhanced heating device 10 can also be arranged in the flange pipe 33 with serial number I in

[0041] Under the concept of the present invention, by increasing or decreasing the number of flange pipes 33 and adjusting the distribution ratio of the number of flange pipes 33 between the conditioning extrusion conveying section 3A and the puffing extrusion conveying section 3B, different length-diameter ratios and the ratio of the length of the pressure cylinder in the conditioning extrusion conveying section to the length of the pressure cylinder in the puffing extrusion conveying section can be achieved. This modular design enables the puffing machine to adapt to different material characteristics and processing requirements. For example, for easily plasticizable materials, the length of the pressure cylinder 31A in the conditioning extrusion conveying section can be reduced (the ratio of the length of the pressure cylinder 31A in the conditioning extrusion conveying section to the length of the pressure cylinder 31B in the puffing extrusion conveying section can be reduced to 0.5), while for materials that are difficult to condition, the length of the pressure cylinder 31A in the conditioning extrusion conveying section can be extended (the ratio of the length of the pressure cylinder 31A in the conditioning extrusion conveying section to the length of the pressure cylinder 31B in the puffing extrusion conveying section can be increased to 2.5). At the same time, a lower length-diameter ratio (such as 24 - 28) is suitable for materials that are easily conditioned and puffed, with high processing efficiency and low energy consumption; a higher length-diameter ratio (such as 40 - 60) can provide more sufficient material processing time and greater mechanical energy input, enabling the material to stay in the pressure cylinder 31 for a longer time, ensuring that the moisture added by the water supply pipeline 9 and the heat provided by the enhanced heating device 10 are fully mixed with the material under the extrusion force and shear force of the screw 32A in the conditioning extrusion conveying section, effectively improving the puffing processing effect on difficult-to-process materials.

[0042] Let the ratio of the length of the screw 32 in the part of the pressure cylinder 31 to the outer diameter of the screw 32 be X, and the pressure cylinder be horizontally connected in series by Y flange pipes 33. Then the combination forms of X and Y generally include the following situations: The first: X = 28 and Y = 7; The second: X = 32 and Y = 8; The third: X = 36 and Y = 9; The fourth: X = 40 and Y = 10; The fifth: X = 44 and Y = 11; The sixth: X = 48 and Y = 12; The seventh: X = 52 and Y = 13.

[0043] That is to say, generally speaking, the puffing machine of the present invention can include the following seven situations:

[0044] The first: 7 flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 28 (7×4);

[0045] The second: 8 flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 32 (8×4);

[0046] The third: 9 flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 36 (9×4);

[0047] The fourth: 10 flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 40 (10×4);

[0048] The fifth: 11 flange pipes, the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 44 (11×4);

[0049] The sixth type: a 12-section flange pipe, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 48 (12×4);

[0050] The seventh type: a 13-section flange pipe, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw extrusion mechanism is 52 (13×4).

[0051] In the extruder of the first embodiment of the present invention, a gear set is installed in the transmission box 8. The rear end of the screw 32 is connected to the output shaft of the gear set, and the input shaft of the gear set is connected to the driving motor 7.

[0052] In the extruder of the first embodiment of the present invention, the external water replenishing device includes a water pump. The input end of the water pump is connected to a water source, and the output end of the water pump is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of each water replenishing pipeline.

[0053] The design of directly transporting liquid water from the water source to the water replenishing pipeline by using a water pump has significant cost advantages compared with the traditional extruder using an external steam supply system: the traditional external steam supply system is a complex skid-mounted device that requires a large number of valves and instruments, and the manufacturing cost is high; while the external water replenishing device has a simple structure and can greatly save equipment investment.

[0054] In the extruder of the first embodiment of the present invention, the enhanced heating device 10 can adopt at least one of an electric heater, a microwave heater, an electromagnetic induction heater for a pressure cylinder, and an infrared radiation heater.

[0055] Specifically, in the extruder of the first embodiment of the present invention, the enhanced heating device 10 actually adopts an electric heater. A plurality of electric heaters are arranged around the pipe wall of the corresponding flange pipe 33, and the material conveying chamber is intensively heated by heating the pipe wall.

[0056] In an alternative embodiment, a microwave heater is arranged on the inner wall of the corresponding flange pipe 33. The microwave generated by the microwave heater can directly heat the material in the material conveying chamber, and the heating and temperature rising speed is fast.

[0057] In an alternative embodiment, an induction coil (electromagnetic induction heater for a pressure cylinder) is installed around the corresponding flange pipe 33. The pipe wall is quickly heated through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and the material conveying chamber is intensively heated by heating the pipe wall.

[0058] In an alternative embodiment, an infrared radiation heater is arranged on the inner wall of the corresponding flange pipe 33, and the material is heated by using the infrared radiation heat.

[0059] In a puffing processing method of the present invention, after the puffed material is obtained by the extruder of the first embodiment, the puffed material is cut by a shearing mechanism 5 located at the outlet of the puffing die head 4 to obtain puffed granular material.

[0060] Based on the extruder of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the present invention also provides a conditioner for feed processing, including a screw extrusion mechanism. The screw extrusion mechanism includes a pressure cylinder, a screw disposed in the pressure cylinder in a matching manner, and a rotary drive device for driving the screw. The front end of the pressure cylinder is provided with a discharge port, and the upper side of the rear end of the pressure cylinder is provided with a feed port. Among them, the screw extrusion mechanism has a conditioning extrusion conveying section, the pressure cylinder has a conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section, and the screw has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder in a matching manner. A water supply pipeline and a strengthening heating device are arranged in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder. The water supply pipeline is used to be connected to a water supply device and add water to the material conveying chamber of the conditioning extrusion conveying section during operation. The strengthening heating device can perform strengthening heating on the material conveying chamber so that the conditioning extrusion conveying section reaches the required conditioning capacity.

[0061] Among them, the ratio of the length of the screw located in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder to the outer diameter of the screw is set to 8-36, and the gap between the conditioning extrusion conveying section screw and the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0062] Among them, the strengthening heating device adopts at least one of an electric heater, a microwave heater, an electromagnetic induction heater for the pressure cylinder, and an infrared radiation heater.

[0063] Among them, the external water supply device includes a water pump. The input end of the water pump is connected to a water source, and the output end of the water pump is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of the water supply pipeline.

[0064] The above-mentioned conditioner for feed processing can be a special conditioner for the extruder for feed processing. During use, the screw extrusion mechanism of the conditioner for feed processing and the screw extruder of the extruder are the same screw extrusion mechanism. The screw extrusion mechanism has a conditioning extrusion conveying section and an extrusion extrusion conveying section arranged in sequence along the material movement direction. The pressure cylinder has a conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder and an extrusion extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder corresponding to the conditioning extrusion conveying section and the forming extrusion conveying section respectively. The screw has a conditioning extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the conditioning extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder in a matching manner and a forming extrusion conveying section screw disposed in the extrusion extrusion conveying section pressure cylinder in a matching manner. At this time, the extruder is the extruder of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0065] In a possible case, the screw extrusion mechanism of the conditioner for feed processing and the screw extruder of the extruder are independent and different screw extrusion mechanisms. For example, the conditioner for feed processing can be arranged above the screw extruder of the extruder in a setting manner similar to Figure 1 the conditioner 2 in.

[0066] The conditioner for feed processing is arranged above the screw extruder of the puffing machine in a setting mode similar to that of the conditioner 2 in Figure 1 The above is a compromise improvement scheme, which can still solve the problem of low efficiency of the traditional conditioner, but does not fully utilize the advantages of the integrated design in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] The above describes the relevant content of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Based on the above content of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Extruder, including: A screw extrusion mechanism comprises a pressure barrel and a screw matched in the pressure barrel; as well as An expansion die head is arranged at the outlet end of the screw extrusion mechanism; Features: The screw extrusion mechanism comprises a tempering extrusion conveying section and an expanding extrusion conveying section sequentially arranged along the material movement direction, the pressure barrel comprises a tempering extrusion conveying section pressure barrel and an expanding extrusion conveying section pressure barrel respectively corresponding to the tempering extrusion conveying section and the expanding extrusion conveying section, and the screw comprises a tempering extrusion conveying section screw matched with the tempering extrusion conveying section pressure barrel and an expanding extrusion conveying section screw matched with the expanding extrusion conveying section pressure barrel; A water supply pipeline and an enhanced heating device are arranged in the pressure barrel of the tempering extrusion conveying section. The water supply pipeline is used to connect with the external water supply device and add water and / or water vapor to the material conveying chamber of the tempering extrusion conveying section. The enhanced heating device can perform enhanced heating in the material conveying chamber so that the tempering extrusion conveying section can achieve the required tempering capacity.

2. The expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure barrel is formed by horizontally connecting multiple flange pipes of the same specification in series, wherein the flange pipe at the front end of the pressure barrel among the multiple flange pipes is connected to the expansion die head, the flange pipe at the rear end of the pressure barrel is connected to the transmission box and a feed port is provided on the upper side, and a water supply pipeline and an enhanced heating device are arranged in the flange pipe for constituting the pressure barrel of the tempering extrusion conveying section after the flange pipe at the rear end of the pressure barrel, the rear end of the screw passes through the flange pipe at the rear end of the pressure barrel and is connected to the transmission mechanism in the transmission box, the ratio of the length of the screw in the pressure barrel part to the outer diameter of the screw is set to 24-60, and the ratio of the length of the pressure barrel of the tempering extrusion conveying section to the length of the pressure barrel of the expansion extrusion conveying section is 0.5-2.

5.

3. The expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: A feeder is provided above the feed port, and the feeder is used to directly convey powder or granular material to the feed port.

4. The expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: Assuming that the ratio of the length of the screw located in the pressure barrel to the outer diameter of the screw is X, and the pressure barrel is formed by Y-section flange pipes connected in series horizontally, the combination of X and Y includes the following cases: the first case: X=28 and Y=7; the second case: X=32 and Y=8; the third case: X=36 and Y=9; the fourth case: X=40 and Y=10; The fifth type: X=44 and Y=11; the sixth type: X=48 and Y=12; the seventh type: X=52 and Y=13.

5. The extruder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure barrel of the expansion extrusion conveying section is composed of four to five flange pipes connected in series horizontally.

6. The expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screw extrusion mechanism adopts a twin-screw extrusion mechanism, and the pressure barrel is composed of a plurality of rectangular flange pipes connected in series horizontally; And / or, a gear set is installed in the transmission box, the rear end of the screw is connected to the output shaft of the gear set, and the input shaft of the gear set is connected to the drive motor.

7. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The enhanced heating device adopts at least one of an electric heater, a microwave heater, a press barrel electromagnetic induction heater, and an infrared radiation heater.

8. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The external water replenishment device comprises a water pump, the input end of the water pump is connected to a water source, and the output end of the water pump is respectively connected to each water inlet end of the water replenishment pipeline.

9. The expander according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It is an extruder for feed processing.

10. A puffing method, characterized in that: After the expanded material is obtained by the expansion machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the expanded material is cut by a shearing mechanism located at the outlet of the expansion die to obtain expanded granular material.

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