Fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decylsulfate and preparation method of fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decyl sulfate and a preparation method of the fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent, and belongs to the technical field of extinguishing agents. The fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent prepared on the basis of sodium decyl sulfate is suitable for seawater or fresh water, the surface tension performance change of an aqueous solution of the fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent is very small before and after the fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent is mixed with the seawater and the fresh water, and the seawater has very small influence on the performance of the foam extinguishing agent prepared from the fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent; therefore, the fire extinguishing agent is suitable for mixed fire extinguishing with fresh water or seawater, and fire extinguishing speed and burning resistance are not affected. The main synthetic raw materials selected in the invention are natural extracts, the production process is simple, substances difficult to degrade are not generated in the production process, the biodegradability of the prepared foam extinguishing agent can reach 99% or above, and the foam extinguishing agent belongs to an environment-friendly product; the sodium decylsulfate used in the fire extinguishing agent is excellent in foaming capacity, and the foaming multiple of the low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agent prepared from the sodium decylsulfate is 0.5 times higher than that of low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents prepared from other materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and specifically to a fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decyl sulfate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the requirements for special alkyl sulfates for fire-fighting foam extinguishing agents at home and abroad have gradually tended to be environmentally friendly, multi-functional, and high-efficiency. Most of the alkyl sulfates produced in China are used in the fields of daily chemical products such as detergents. When used in the field of fire-fighting foam extinguishing agents, their comprehensive effects are not ideal. The reason is that when used in fire-fighting foam extinguishing agents, the problems of oil repellency and hydrophilicity of the foam have not been well solved and do not meet the professional requirements.

[0003] At present, the alkyl sulfates on the market can only be used for the manufacture of general foam extinguishing agents, and are not suitable for the production of high-efficiency foam extinguishing agents and seawater-resistant fire-fighting foam extinguishing agents.

[0004] Because the carbon chain of the selected aliphatic hydrocarbon is too long and it is easy to be lipophilic, that is to say, its oil repellency is very poor.

[0005] Therefore, once the foam extinguishing agent products made from them are mixed with fresh water or seawater, the lipophilicity of the foam is too strong, and they cannot quickly extinguish oil fires, which has a great impact on the foam performance and fire extinguishing performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decyl sulfate and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decyl sulfate, comprising the following components in parts by mass: 40 - 400 parts of deionized water, 3 - 10 parts of sodium benzoate, 25 - 35 parts of urea, 2 - 8 parts of xanthan gum, 60 - 400 parts of sodium decyl sulfate, 20 - 350 parts of APG, 100 - 150 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 - 200 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 30 - 50 parts of fluorosurfactant F1440, 20 - 30 parts of fluorosurfactant F1470, and 20 - 40 parts of sodium acetate - acetic acid buffer.

[0009] A preparation method of a fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium decyl sulfate, comprising the following steps:

[0010] a. Start the stirrer, and add 40 - 400 parts of deionized water, 3 - 10 parts of sodium benzoate, and 25 - 35 parts of urea into the stirrer to dissolve them all;

[0011] b. Add 2 - 8 parts of xanthan gum and stir until completely dissolved, then stop stirring;

[0012] c. After swelling for 2 h, continue stirring and add 60 - 400 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 20 - 350 parts of APG, 100 - 150 parts of ethylene glycol, and 30 - 200 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Then, sequentially and uniformly dropwise add 30 - 50 parts of F1440 and 20 - 30 parts of F1470, stir for 40 min, adjust the pH value of the material to 7 - 8, add 20 - 40 parts of sodium acetate - acetic acid buffer, continue stirring for 1 - 2 h, and then stop stirring.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] 1. In the present invention, sodium dodecyl sulfate special for foam extinguishing agent is adopted, which has good water solubility. This characteristic enables the made aqueous film - forming foam extinguishing agent, water - based foam extinguishing agent, and Class A foam extinguishing agent products not to be affected by freezing and melting.

[0015] 2. The sodium dodecyl sulfate special for foam extinguishing agent in the present invention has strong oil - repellency. The principle of foam extinguishing agent to extinguish fire is to cover, cool, and suffocate on the oil surface through the foam, so as to achieve rapid fire extinguishing. This requires the foam itself not to be oil - loving and to have good oil - repellency. The extinguishing agent obtained in the present invention has good oil - repellency.

[0016] 3. The fire - extinguishing effect of the foam extinguishing agent in the present invention is good. The used sodium dodecyl sulfate can be formulated with other anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and non - ionic surfactants (except cationic surfactants) in any proportion. Through their mutual interaction, the surface tension and interfacial tension of the aqueous solution of the aqueous film - forming foam extinguishing agent product are reduced, promoting the film - forming property of the aqueous solution of the aqueous film - forming foam extinguishing agent. The interfacial tension of the aqueous film - forming foam extinguishing agent made with it is reduced by more than 1.2 mN / m compared with that made of other materials, and at the same time, the surface tension also drops by about 1.5 mN / m. Therefore, the fire - extinguishing speed is more than 15% faster than that of the aqueous film - forming foam extinguishing agent made of other materials, thus achieving the closure of combustible vapor and accelerating the fluidity of the foam on the fuel surface to achieve the purpose of rapid fire extinguishing.

[0017] 4. The anti - burning time of the foam extinguishing agent made in the present invention is increased by more than 1.5 minutes compared with that made of other foaming agents.

[0018] 5. The fire - fighting foam extinguishing agent formulated based on sodium dodecyl sulfate in the present invention is applicable to seawater or fresh water. Before and after mixing with seawater or fresh water, the performance change of the surface tension of its aqueous solution is very small, and the influence of seawater on the performance of the foam extinguishing agent made of it is very small. Therefore, it is applicable to extinguish fire by mixing with fresh water or seawater, and the fire - extinguishing speed and anti - burning performance are not affected.

[0019] 6. The synthetic main raw materials selected in the present invention are natural extracts. The production process is simple and no hardly degradable substances are generated during the production process. The biodegradability of the prepared foam fire extinguishing agent can reach more than 99%, which belongs to an environment-friendly product.

[0020] 7. The sodium dodecyl sulfate used in the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has excellent foaming ability. The foaming multiple of the low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agent prepared therefrom is more than 0.5 times higher than that of the low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agent made of other materials. At the same time, the addition amount of the product in the foam fire extinguishing agent formula is appropriate, effectively controlling the cost of products such as aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents, and having good economic applicability.

[0021] 8. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can meet the requirements of fire-fighting foam fire extinguishing agents with requirements for metal anti-corrosion. Since it does not contain chlorine ions, the corrosion rate of the prepared foam fire extinguishing agent is lower. Compared with the foam fire extinguishing agent made of a foaming agent containing chlorine ions, its corrosion rate is reduced by more than 30%, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the metal storage tank of the foam liquid. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments:

[0023] Example 1. Preparation of seawater-resistant aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent

[0024] Start the stirrer, add 350 parts of deionized water, add 8 parts of sodium benzoate and 30 parts of urea to dissolve them completely, add 4 parts of xanthan gum to dissolve completely, stop stirring, after swelling for 2 h, continue stirring and add 120 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 30 parts of APG, 120 parts of ethylene glycol, and 40 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Sequentially and uniformly dropwise add 40 parts of F1440 and 20 parts of F1470, stir for 40 min, adjust the pH value of the material to 7.8, add 30 parts of buffer, continue stirring for 1.5 h, stop stirring, and after sampling and testing qualified, package to obtain the seawater-resistant aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0025] Compare the fire extinguishing agent obtained in Example 1 with the fire extinguishing agents prepared from hydrocarbon surfactants currently available on the market:

[0026] Using the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention patent, the seawater-resistant aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent prepared according to the above example method, after being mixed with artificial seawater, has a high foaming multiple, a long 25% drainage time, stable foam, fast fire extinguishing speed, good foam heat resistance, a long 25% burning resistance time, and a long product storage period.

[0027] The comparison results are shown in the following table:

[0028]

[0029] Example 2. Preparation of Class A foam fire extinguishing agent

[0030] Start the blender and add 350 parts of APG, 200 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Then add 400 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After stirring for 1 hour, add 44 parts of deionized water and 8 parts of sodium benzoate. Heat up to 50 °C and stir for another 2 hours. Adjust the pH value to 7.5. After passing the sampling inspection, package it to obtain Class A foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0031] Compare the fire extinguishing agent obtained in Example 2 with the fire extinguishing agent prepared from sodium dodecyl sulfate currently available on the market:

[0032] Using the product of this invention patent, the Class A foam fire extinguishing agent prepared according to the above example method, after being mixed with fresh water, has a high foaming multiple, a long 25% liquid separation time, stable foam, a fast fire extinguishing speed, good foam heat resistance, and a long 25% anti-burning time.

[0033] The comparison results are shown in the following table:

[0034]

[0035] Example 3. Preparation of water-based fire extinguishing agent

[0036] Add 400 parts of deionized water, start stirring, and then add 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of flame retardant, 100 parts of ethylene glycol, and 8 parts of sodium benzoate as preservative in sequence. Stir for 0.5 hour, then add 50 parts of APG, 60 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 30 parts of F1470. Stir for 1 hour. Adjust the pH value of the material to 8 and then add the buffer. After passing the sampling inspection, package it to obtain the water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0037] Compare the fire extinguishing agent obtained in Example 3 with the fire extinguishing agent prepared from hydrocarbon surfactants currently available on the market:

[0038] Using the product of this invention patent, the water-based fire extinguishing agent prepared according to the above example method, after being mixed with fresh water, has stable foam, a fast fire extinguishing speed, and low corrosion.

[0039] The comparison results are shown in the following table:

[0040]

[0041] In this invention, sodium dodecyl sulfate has strong permeability. The water-based fire extinguishing agent made from it is filled in a fire extinguisher to extinguish Class A fires, that is, solid fires such as wood, cotton, and linen fabrics. It can penetrate into the interior of the solid, so the fire extinguishing time is shorter and the effect is more excellent.

[0042] In this invention, the special sodium dodecyl sulfate for foam fire extinguishing agent has stable performance. The aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent product formulated with it has stable storage performance, and its product validity period reaches more than 8 years.

[0043] The main components of the sodium decyl sulfate used in the fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent of the present invention:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, the quality standard of the special sodium decyl sulfate for fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent:

[0046]

[0047] This foaming agent is applicable to aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, water-based extinguishing agent and Class A foam extinguishing agent. The synthesis process of sodium decyl sulfate is as follows:

[0048] Preparation method 1:

[0049] C 10 H 21 OH + NH 2 SO 3 H → C 10 H 21 OSO 3 NH 4 C 10 H 21 OSO 3 NH 4 + NaOH → C 10 H 21 OSO 3 Na + NH 3 ↑ + H 2 O

[0050] First, add n-decanol, sulfamic acid and urea to the reaction kettle, then drop a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, stir at 105 - 110 °C for 1.5 - 2 h. After the reaction is completed, treat it with 30% sodium hydroxide solution, drain off ammonia gas, and measure the pH value to be 9.0 - 10.0 to obtain the crude product. Add drinking water to the crude product and concentrate to an active substance content of about 30% to obtain the product of the present invention.

[0051] Preparation method 2:

[0052] C 10 H 21 OH + ClSO 3 H → C 10 H 21 OSO 3 H + HCl

[0053] C 10 H 21 OSO 3 H + Na 2 CO 3 → C 10 H 21 OSO 3Na+CO 2 +H 2 O

[0054] Add glacial acetic acid to the reactor, turn on the chilled water to cool down to below 30℃, then add chlorosulfonic acid dropwise, control the temperature in the reactor to ≤30℃, stir evenly, then add n-decanol to the reactor, wait for it to be completely dissolved, keep warm at 30℃ for about 2h, after the insulation is completed, add a certain amount of drinking water, use saturated sodium carbonate solution to adjust the pH value to 9-10, stir for 10min and then retest the pH value, turn on the steam concentration to the active matter content of about 30%, and this product is ready.

[0055] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications to the shapes, structures, features and spirits described in the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium dodecyl sulfate, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-400 parts of deionized water, 3-10 parts of sodium benzoate, 25-35 parts of urea, 2-8 parts of xanthan gum, 60-400 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 20-350 parts of APG, 100-150 parts of ethylene glycol, 30-200 parts of ethylene glycol butyl ether, 30-50 parts of fluorosurfactant F1440, 20-30 parts of fluorosurfactant F1470, and 20-40 parts of sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer.

2. The method for preparing a fire-fighting foam extinguishing agent based on sodium dodecyl sulfate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: a. Start the mixer and add 40-400 parts of deionized water, 3-10 parts of sodium benzoate and 25-35 parts of urea into the mixer to dissolve them completely; b. Add 2-8 parts of xanthan gum and stir until it is completely dissolved, then stop stirring; c. After swelling for 2 hours, continue stirring and add 60-400 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 20-350 parts of APG, 100-150 parts of ethylene glycol, and 30-200 parts of ethylene glycol butyl ether, then uniformly add 30-50 parts of F1440 and 20-30 parts of F1470 in sequence, stir for 40 minutes, adjust the pH value of the material to 7-8, add 20-40 parts of sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer, continue stirring for 1-2 hours, and stop stirring.

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