Multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal rock granularity

Abstract

The invention discloses multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal rock granularity. A crushing assembly can crush coal rock raw materials into products with different particle size characteristics; the multi-stage screening assembly comprises four vibrating screen meshes with the hole diameters decreasing in a stepped mode, and each screen mesh is connected with a flow guide channel. The three independent storage bins are in butt joint with the lower three layers of screens through the flow guide channels correspondingly. And the intelligent control assembly enables the mass percent of the coarse coal rock and the fine coal rock in the N parts of products to reach a preset value by adjusting crushing parameters and differential configuration. Crushing-screening integration is achieved, the needed coal rock particle size is obtained and automatically screened to the maximum extent, the preparation efficiency of the coal rock sample is improved, and it is guaranteed that the preparation environment is clean and tidy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of coal and rock processing devices, and particularly relates to an intelligent device for multi-stage crushing, screening and storage of coal and rock in a laboratory. Background Art

[0002] In the current field of coal and rock research, the requirements for samples can be roughly divided into the following three aspects:

[0003] First, studying the pore structure and mechanical properties of coal and rock to provide parameter basis for research on gas adsorption and desorption, permeability, etc. Such research mainly uses coarse-grained coal and rock with a particle size range of 2 - 50 mm.

[0004] Second, in the experiments of vibrating fluidized bed or heavy medium separation, it is necessary to analyze the ash content, separation accuracy and combustion characteristics of granular coal and rock. Such research mainly uses medium-grained coal and rock with a particle size range of 0.5 mm - 2 mm.

[0005] Third, through flotation and dehydration experiments, studying the electrochemical dehydration performance and reagent adsorption mechanism of fine coal slime, and carrying out environmental remediation experiments such as heavy metal ion adsorption and wastewater treatment. Such research mainly uses fine-grained coal and rock with a particle size range of 0.02 mm - 0.5 mm.

[0006] However, in the existing coal and rock crushers, due to defects in their structures, the particle size of coal and rock is unevenly crushed, and it is impossible to select according to the particle size during discharging. For example, when preparing coarse-grained coal and rock with a particle size of 2 - 50 mm, a large amount of medium-grained coal and rock with a particle size of 0.5 - 2 mm and a small amount of fine-grained coal and rock will be produced. When preparing fine-grained coal and rock with a particle size of 0.5 mm - 2 mm, a large amount of fly ash with a particle size below 0.5 mm and a certain amount of medium-grained coal and rock will be produced.

[0007] In order to obtain samples with the target particle size, it is often necessary to screen again, which increases the loss rate of samples, reduces the sample preparation efficiency, and consumes manpower, material resources and financial resources. At the same time, dust is diffused during the traditional sample preparation process, which has a certain impact on the experimental environment and the health of personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size, so as to obtain and automatically screen the required coal and rock particle size to the greatest extent. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the technical problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size, including:

[0009] A crushing component configured to crush coal and rock raw materials into products with different particle size characteristics;

[0010] An intelligent control component, which is connected to the crushing component in a controlled manner and is programmed to control the crushing component to crush coal and rock raw materials into a product mixed with coarse-grained coal and rock, medium-grained coal and rock, and fine-grained coal and rock;

[0011] Multi-stage screening assembly, including four vibrating screens with stepwise decreasing pore sizes, and each screen is connected with a diversion channel;

[0012] Three independent storage bins are respectively docked with the lower three layers of screens through the diversion channels; among them, the intelligent control component makes the mass percentage between the coarse coal rock and the fine coal rock in N portions of products reach a preset value by adjusting the crushing parameters and differential configuration.

[0013] Including: a first weight sensor configured below the coarse coal rock storage bin and used for real-time detection of the reserve of coarse coal rock, a second weight sensor configured below the fine coal rock storage bin and used for real-time detection of the reserve of fine coal rock, and the intelligent control component includes a feedback adjustment module; the feedback adjustment module is configured to adjust the crushing parameters when the weight ratio of the stored coarse coal rock to the stored fine coal rock deviates from the preset value.

[0014] The feedback adjustment module includes a parameter iteration unit (211), and the parameter iteration unit (211) is configured to generate a new combination of crushing duration parameters (X', Y', Z') when it is detected that the weight ratio K of the stored coarse coal rock to the stored fine coal rock < K 0 At this time, where X' = X - Δx, Y' = Y - Δy, Z' = Z - Δz, and Δx, Δy, Δz are adjustment amounts of 5 - 10 seconds; when K > K 0 At this time, generate X' = X + Δx, Y' = Y + Δy, Z' = Z + Δz.

[0015] The four vibrating screens are arranged in sequence from high to low. The pore size of the top screen is 50 mm, the pore size of the second layer screen is 2 mm, the pore size of the third layer screen is 0.5 mm, and the pore size of the bottom screen is 0.02 mm.

[0016] The intelligent control component further includes a timing control unit and a power constant module. The timing control unit is configured to set different crushing times for each portion of coal rock raw material, and the difference in crushing duration between adjacent two portions of raw materials is controlled within the range of 5 - 20 seconds; the power constant module is configured to ensure that the crushing component maintains a constant output power when processing all coal rock raw materials.

[0017] When N = 3, the crushing durations of the three portions of coal rock raw materials satisfy the relational expression of X > Y > Z, where X ∈ [50, 70] seconds, Y ∈ [40, 60] seconds, Z ∈ [30, 50] seconds; the content of coarse coal rock in the corresponding first product is 15 - 25 wt%, the second product is 25 - 35 wt%, and the third product is 35 - 45 wt%.

[0018] The diversion channel includes an electromagnetic control valve group and a flow equalizer. The electromagnetic control valve group is arranged at the connection between each stage of screen and the corresponding storage bin. The flow equalizer has a tapered diversion cavity, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with spiral diversion lines.

[0019] The crushing component includes a double-roll crusher, a gap adjustment mechanism, and a vibrating feeder. The roll surface of the double-roll crusher is provided with staggered raised tooth patterns. The gap adjustment mechanism can dynamically adjust the distance between the two crushing rolls of the double-roll crusher to the range of 3 - 15 mm. The vibrating feeder is arranged at the feed inlet of the crusher, and the adjustable amplitude range is 2 - 5 mm.

[0020] It also includes an on-line monitoring unit, which specifically includes: an infrared particle size analyzer, a humidity sensor, and a data fusion module. The infrared particle size analyzer is arranged in the coarse coal and rock storage bin; the humidity sensor is arranged in the fine coal and rock storage bin; the data fusion module is configured to perform weighted fusion on the particle size distribution data and the humidity data to generate a crushing strength correction coefficient.

[0021] The three independent storage bins adopt a modular design. The bottom of the storage bin is provided with a pneumatic discharge valve. The side wall of the storage bin is provided with a visible observation window. An anti-blocking stirring paddle is installed inside the storage bin, and the rotation speed of the paddle is 10 - 30 r / min.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention: The use of the present invention realizes the integration of crushing and screening, maximally obtains and automatically screens the required coal and rock particle sizes, improves the preparation efficiency of coal and rock samples, and ensures the clean and tidy preparation environment. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of one structure of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] The present invention provides a multi-stage crushing and screening device for coal and rock particle sizes, including: a crushing component 1, and the crushing component 1 can crush coal and rock raw materials into products with different particle size characteristics. Specifically, the crushing component 1 includes a double-roll crusher, a gap adjustment mechanism, and a vibrating feeder. The roll surface of the double-roll crusher is provided with staggered raised tooth patterns. The gap adjustment mechanism can dynamically adjust the distance between the two crushing rolls of the double-roll crusher to the range of 3 - 15 mm. The vibrating feeder is arranged at the feed inlet of the crusher, and the adjustable amplitude range is 2 - 5 mm. After the relevant parameters of the crushing component 1 are set, the particle size distribution of the coal and rock particles obtained by crushing by the crushing component 1 is related to the crushing duration. The longer the crushing duration, the more the proportion of fine coal and rock, and the less the proportion of coarse coal and rock; the shorter the crushing duration, the less the proportion of fine coal and rock, and the more the proportion of coarse coal and rock.

[0026] It further includes an intelligent control component 2, which is controllably connected to the crushing component 1. The intelligent control component 2 is programmed to control the crushing component 1 to crush N portions of coal-rock raw materials with the same source and equal weight into a mixed product containing coarse coal-rock, medium coal-rock, and fine coal-rock simultaneously. If the coal-rock raw materials are to be completely crushed into fine coal-rock, it requires a large amount of crushing time and will generate a large amount of dust, which not only pollutes the environment but also has low efficiency.

[0027] A multi-stage vibrating screening component 3, which includes four vibrating screens 3 with stepwise decreasing pore sizes, and each screen is connected to a diversion channel 4.

[0028] Three independent storage bins. The three independent storage bins are respectively and correspondingly connected to the lower three layers of screens through the diversion channels 4. The top layer screen 31 screens out some large particle coal-rock for recycling. The second layer screen 32 below the top layer screen 31 is connected to the first storage bin 51 through one of its diversion channels 4 and is used to store coarse coal-rock; the third layer screen 33 below the second layer screen 32 is connected to the second storage bin 52 through one of its diversion channels 4 for storing medium coal-rock; the bottom layer screen 34 below the third layer screen 33 is connected to the third storage bin 53 through one of its diversion channels 4 for storing fine coal-rock, and the powdered coal-rock below the bottom layer screen 34 is screened out for separate treatment.

[0029] The present invention simultaneously obtains coarse coal-rock, medium coal-rock, and fine coal-rock, and stores them in three independent first storage bin 52, second storage bin 52, and third storage bin 53 for standby. Since the three kinds of coal-rock particles are all distributed, the crushing time does not need to be too long, which is efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0030] Among them, the intelligent control component 2 makes the mass percentage between the coarse coal-rock and the fine coal-rock obtained from the N products reach a preset ratio by differentiating the crushing time of each product within a preset time threshold range, and matches the most suitable ratio from the N products. Among them, N≥3 to meet different requirements.

[0031] For different scenarios, there are different usage requirements for coarse coal-rock, medium coal-rock, and fine coal-rock, which are obtained by matching N portions of coal-rock raw materials, and have a greater error tolerance and adjustment space.

[0032] Further, it also includes: a first weight sensor 61 configured in the first storage bin 52 and used to detect the reserve of coarse coal-rock in real time, a second weight sensor 62 configured in the third storage bin 53 and used to detect the reserve of fine coal-rock in real time, and a feedback adjustment module 21; the feedback adjustment module 21 is configured to generate a new combination of crushing time parameters when the weight ratio of the stored coarse coal-rock to the stored fine coal-rock deviates from the preset value.

[0033] Since the above ratio is only a preset value or a statistical value, in actual use, coarse-grained coal rock, medium-grained coal rock, and fine-grained coal rock are continuously used in the laboratory, and the wear rate may not exactly match the preset value. When configuring next time, it can be adjusted again. The specific implementation is as follows: The feedback adjustment module 21 includes a parameter iteration unit 211, and the parameter iteration unit 211 is configured to generate a new combination of crushing duration parameters (X', Y', Z') when it is detected that the weight ratio K of the stored coarse-grained coal rock to the stored fine-grained coal rock is less than K 0 At this time, the proportion of the coarse-grained coal rock obtained in this way will increase, and the proportion of the fine-grained coal rock will decrease until the ratio is restored to the preset; when K > K 0 At this time, X' = X + Δx, Y' = Y + Δy, Z' = Z + Δz are generated, so that the content of the fine-grained coal rock obtained in this way will increase, and the proportion of the coarse-grained coal rock will decrease until the ratio reaches the preset.

[0034] Furthermore, the four vibrating screens 3 are arranged in sequence from high to low. The aperture of the top screen 31 is 50 mm, the aperture of the second-layer screen 32 is 2 mm, the aperture of the third-layer screen 33 is 0.5 mm, and the aperture of the bottom screen 34 is 0.02 mm. In this way, it can be ensured that the coarse-grained coal rock, medium-grained coal rock, and fine-grained coal rock are respectively stored in the three independent storage bins.

[0035] Furthermore, the intelligent control component 2 further includes a timing control unit 22 and a power constant module 23. The timing control unit 22 is configured to set different crushing times for each portion of coal rock raw material, and the difference in crushing duration between adjacent two portions of raw materials is controlled within the range of 5 - 20 seconds; the power constant module 23 is configured to ensure that the crushing component 1 maintains a constant output power when processing all coal rock raw materials, and the power constant module 23 can ensure that the particle size distribution is positively correlated with the crushing duration.

[0036] Furthermore, when N = 3, the crushing durations of the three portions of coal rock raw materials satisfy the relational expression X > Y > Z, where X ∈ [50, 70] seconds, Y ∈ [40, 60] seconds, Z ∈ [30, 50] seconds; the content of the first product, the coarse-grained coal rock, is 15 - 25 wt%, the second product is 25 - 35 wt%, and the third product is 35 - 45 wt%.

[0037] Furthermore, the diversion channel 4 includes an electromagnetic control valve group and a flow equalizer. The electromagnetic control valve group is arranged at the connection between each level of screen and the corresponding storage bin, and the flow equalizer has a tapered diversion cavity, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with spiral diversion lines.

[0038] Further, it further includes an on-line monitoring unit, and the on-line monitoring unit specifically includes: an infrared particle size analyzer, a humidity sensor, and a data fusion module. The infrared particle size analyzer is arranged in the coarse coal and rock storage bin; the humidity sensor is arranged in the fine coal and rock storage bin; the data fusion module is configured to perform weighted fusion on the particle size distribution data and the humidity data to generate a crushing strength correction coefficient.

[0039] Further, the three independent storage bins adopt a modular design. An air-operated discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the storage bin, a visual observation window is provided on the side wall of the storage bin, and an anti-blocking stirring paddle is installed inside the storage bin, and the rotational speed of the paddle is 10 - 30 r / min.

[0040] The above content is only an example and illustration of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present technology make various modifications or supplements or use similar methods to replace the specific embodiments described, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by this claim book, they should all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level crushing and screening device for coal and rock particle size, characterized in that: include: A pulverizing assembly (1) is configured to pulverize coal and rock raw materials into products with different particle size characteristics; An intelligent control component (2) is connected to the pulverizing component (1) and is programmed to control the pulverizing component (1) to pulverize the coal rock raw material into a mixture of coarse-grained coal rock, medium-grained coal rock and fine-grained coal rock; A multi-stage screening assembly (3) comprising four vibrating screens with apertures decreasing in a stepwise manner, each screen being connected to a flow guide channel (4); The three independent storage bins are connected to the three layers of screens respectively through the diversion channel (4); wherein the intelligent control component (2) adjusts the crushing parameters and the differentiated configuration so that the mass percentage between the coarse-grained coal rock and the fine-grained coal rock in the N portions of the product reaches a preset value.

2. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes: a first weight sensor (61) arranged below the coarse-grained coal rock storage bin and used for real-time detection of the amount of coarse-grained coal rock remaining, and a second weight sensor (62) arranged below the fine-grained coal rock storage bin and used for real-time detection of the amount of fine-grained coal rock remaining. The intelligent control component (2) includes a feedback adjustment module (21); the feedback adjustment module (21) is configured to adjust the crushing parameters when the weight ratio of the stored coarse-grained coal rock to the stored fine-grained coal rock deviates from a preset value.

3. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The feedback adjustment module (21) comprises a parameter iteration unit (211), and the parameter iteration unit (211) is configured to generate a new crushing time parameter combination (X', Y', Z') when it is detected that the weight ratio of the stored coarse-grained coal rock to the stored fine-grained coal rock is K<K0, wherein X'=X-Δx, Y'=Y-Δy, Z'=Z-Δz, Δx, Δy, Δz are adjustment amounts of 5-10 seconds; when K>K0, X'=X+Δx, Y'=Y+Δy, Z'=Z+Δz are generated.

4. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four vibrating screens (3) are arranged in order of high and low positions, the top screen (31) has an aperture of 50 mm, the second screen (32) has an aperture of 2 mm, the third screen (33) has an aperture of 0.5 mm, and the bottom screen (34) has an aperture of 0.02 mm.

5. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control component (2) also includes a timing control unit (22) and a power constant module (23). The timing control unit (22) is configured to set a differentiated crushing time for each portion of coal and rock raw materials, and the difference in crushing time between two adjacent portions of raw materials is controlled within a range of 5-20 seconds; the power constant module (23) is configured to ensure that the crushing component (1) maintains a constant output power when processing all coal and rock raw materials.

6. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: When N=3, the crushing time of the three coal rock raw materials satisfies the relationship X>Y>Z, where X∈[50,70] seconds, Y∈[40,60] seconds, and Z∈[30,50] seconds; the corresponding coarse-grained coal rock content of the first product is 15-25wt%, that of the second product is 25-35wt%, and that of the third product is 35-45wt%.

7. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide channel (4) comprises an electromagnetic control valve group and a flow balancer. The electromagnetic control valve group is arranged at the connection between each level of the screen and the corresponding storage bin. The flow balancer has a tapered flow guide cavity, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a spiral flow guide pattern.

8. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizing assembly (1) comprises a double-roll pulverizer, a gap adjustment mechanism and a vibrating feeder. The roller surface of the double-roll pulverizer is provided with staggered raised tooth patterns. The gap adjustment mechanism can dynamically adjust the distance between the two pulverizing rollers of the double-roll pulverizer to a range of 3-15 mm. The vibrating feeder is arranged at the feed port of the pulverizer, and the amplitude can be adjusted in the range of 2-5 mm.

9. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an online monitoring unit, which specifically includes: an infrared particle size analyzer, a humidity sensor and a data fusion module. The infrared particle size analyzer is arranged in the coarse-grained coal rock storage bin; the humidity sensor is arranged in the fine-grained coal rock storage bin; the data fusion module is configured to perform weighted fusion of the particle size distribution data and the humidity data to generate a crushing strength correction coefficient.

10. The multi-stage crushing and screening equipment for coal and rock particle size according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three independent storage bins adopt a modular design. A pneumatic unloading valve is provided at the bottom of the storage bin, a visual observation window is provided on the side wall of the storage bin, and an anti-blocking stirring paddle is installed inside the storage bin, and the paddle speed is 10-30r / min.

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