Special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwi fruit and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwi fruits and a preparation method of the special fertilizer. The special fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12-18% of nitrogen, 10-16% of phosphorus, 8-12% of potassium, 55-65% of organic matters, 0.4-2.8% of calcium, 0.02-0.1% of sulfur, 0.05-0.3% of boron, 0.05-0.2% of selenium and 0.1-0.2% of iron. The special fertilizer can obviously improve the yield and quality of the Hongyang kiwi fruit, reduce the occurrence of nutrient deficiency symptoms of plants and improve the disease resistance rate of the kiwi fruit to canker, leaf spot disease and other diseases, has good economic benefits and social benefits, and is a compound fertilizer worthy of popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of efficient cultivation and management of kiwifruit, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is a deciduous vine fruit tree of the genus Actinidia in the family Actinidiaceae. Its fruit is rich in various nutrients such as vitamin C, amino acids, and dietary fiber, and is deeply loved by consumers, being known as the "king of fruits"; Hongyang kiwifruit is one of the main cultivated varieties in Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province. Its fruit has a high sugar content, strong fragrance, and unique flavor; however, Hongyang kiwifruit has poor stress resistance and requires relatively high standardized cultivation and management conditions. During the planting process, farmers' fertilization management is scattered and the fertilization standards are not unified, resulting in insufficient or excessive fertilizer and water in the karst mountainous areas with arid and barren soil. Therefore, problems such as weak tree vigor, low yield, poor fruit quality, and frequent occurrence of pests and diseases in Hongyang kiwifruit trees are serious, which have become limiting factors for its high quality and high yield.

[0003] Soil fertilization is an important factor determining the yield and quality of kiwifruit. During the conventional production process of kiwifruit, more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers are applied, while the application amounts of various medium and trace elements required during the plant growth process, such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper, boron, zinc fertilizers, etc., are less. Therefore, combined with the current fertilization situation and soil nutrient characteristics in Shuicheng District, we have prepared a special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit to provide strong support for the high-quality development of kiwifruit in Shuicheng District with improved quality and increased efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof, aiming to supplement the content of medium and trace element nutrients in the soil, meet the requirements of kiwifruit for various nutrients, improve the yield and quality of kiwifruit, and increase the economic benefits of growers;

[0005] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are in mass percentages: nitrogen 12 - 18%, phosphorus 10 - 16%, potassium 8 - 12%, organic matter 55 - 65%, calcium 0.4 - 2.8%, sulfur 0.02 - 0.1%, boron 0.05 - 0.3%, selenium 0.05 - 0.2%, iron 0.1 - 0.2%.

[0006] Further, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 12%, potassium 10%, organic matter 60%, calcium 2.5%, sulfur 0.07%, boron 0.2%, selenium 0.1%, iron 0.13%.

[0007] The nitrogen is urea, the phosphorus is diammonium phosphate, and the potassium is potassium sulfate.

[0008] The organic matter is vetch, sheep manure or sawdust.

[0009] The preparation method of the organic matter includes the following steps: Mix vetch, sheep manure or wood chips, dry to a moisture content of less than 5%, and then crush with a crusher.

[0010] After mixing, crushing and stirring the vetch, sheep manure and wood chips, add 20 - 50% of their mass of water to make a mixture, place it in a fermentation tank for fermentation. The radius of the fermentation tank is 2.5 - 4.5 m, the depth is 1 - 3 m, ferment naturally for 5 - 7 days, and then dry.

[0011] The weight ratio of the vetch, sheep manure and wood chips is (1 - 2):(5 - 6):(1 - 3).

[0012] The weight ratio of the vetch, sheep manure and wood chips is 1:6:3.

[0013] The preparation method of the special fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0014] (1) Mixing: Mix the raw materials nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, calcium, sulfur, boron, selenium, iron evenly according to the ratio and then sieve to obtain fertilizer particles;

[0015] (2) Drying: Dry the fertilizer particles, pack them in bags, and then place them in a cool place.

[0016] Beneficial effects

[0017] Since Hongyang kiwifruit grows in the karst mountainous area with drought and barrenness, the conventional special fertilizer for kiwifruit cannot meet its growth needs. Therefore, through the scientific ratio of raw materials in the present invention, the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is significantly improved, which can improve the yield and quality of Hongyang kiwifruit fruits, reduce the occurrence of plant nutrient deficiency symptoms, and improve the disease resistance rate of kiwifruit against diseases such as canker and leaf spot disease. It has good economic and social benefits and is a compound fertilizer worthy of popularization and application.

[0018] The special fertilizer of the present invention uses vetch, sheep manure or wood chips as the organic matter added, which not only enriches the nutrient structure of the fertilizer, but also makes the microbial population structure in the fertilizer more reasonable through the fermentation process, and is more matched with the local soil microbial population structure. It plays a synergistic role with the components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur in the fertilizer, significantly promoting the fertilizer effect, making the growth state of Hongyang kiwifruit better, improving the disease resistance ability, increasing the product, and having better quality.

[0019] The special fertilizer provided by the present invention has a simple formula, a long fertilizer efficiency time, is safe and convenient to use, and has the advantages of disease resistance and growth promotion, soil fertility improvement, etc. Specific embodiments

[0020] Example 1

[0021] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 12, phosphorus 10, potassium 8, organic matter 55%, calcium 0.4%, sulfur 0.02%, boron 0.05%, selenium 0.05%, iron 0.1%.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 18%, phosphorus 16%, potassium 12%, organic matter 65%, calcium 2.8%, sulfur 0.1%, boron 0.3%, selenium 0.2%, iron 0.2%.

[0024] Example 3

[0025] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 16%, phosphorus 11%, potassium 9%, organic matter 60%, calcium 1%, sulfur 0.04%, boron 0.25%, selenium 0.1%, iron 0.1%.

[0026] Example 4

[0027] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 13%, phosphorus 12%, potassium 10%, organic matter 60%, calcium 1.5%, sulfur 0.08%, boron 0.2%, selenium 0.15%, iron 0.2%.

[0028] Example 5

[0029] A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, the raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 12%, potassium 10%, organic matter 60%, calcium 2.5%, sulfur 0.07%, boron 0.2%, selenium 0.1%, iron 0.13%.

[0030] Example 6

[0031] Adopt the same fertilizer formula as in Example 5, the difference is that the organic matter is vetch.

[0032] Example 7

[0033] Adopt the same fertilizer formula as in Example 5, the difference is that the organic matter is sheep manure.

[0034] Example 8

[0035] Adopt the same fertilizer formula as in Example 5, the difference is that the organic matter is sawdust.

[0036] Example 9

[0037] Adopt the same fertilizer formula as in Example 5, the difference is that the organic matter is vetch and sheep manure, and the weight ratio is 1:1.

[0038] Example 10

[0039] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is vetch and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 1:2.

[0040] Example 11

[0041] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is sheep manure and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 1:1.

[0042] Example 12

[0043] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is vetch, sheep manure and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 1:1:1.

[0044] Example 13

[0045] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is vetch, sheep manure and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 1:5:1.

[0046] Example 14

[0047] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is vetch, sheep manure and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 2:6:3.

[0048] Example 15

[0049] The same fertilizer formula as in Example 5 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is vetch, sheep manure and wood chips, and the weight ratio is 1:6:3

[0050] The fertilizers in the above examples are prepared by the following method:

[0051] (1) Mixing: Mix the raw materials of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, calcium, sulfur, boron, selenium, and iron evenly according to the ratio and then sieve to obtain fertilizer granules;

[0052] (2) Drying: Dry the fertilizer granules, pack them, and then place them in a cool place.

[0053] Example 16

[0054] The same method as in Example 15 is adopted, with the difference that the organic matter is further processed as follows: After mixing vetch, sheep manure or wood chips, dry them to a water content of less than 5%, and then crush them with a pulverizer.

[0055] Example 17

[0056] The same method as Example 16 is adopted, except that the peas, sheep manure and sawdust are fermented, specifically: the peas, sheep manure and sawdust are mixed, crushed and stirred, and 20% of their mass of water is added to make a mixture, which is placed in a fermentation tank for fermentation. The fermentation tank has a radius of 2.5m and a depth of 1m. The mixture is naturally fermented for 5 days and then dried.

[0057] Embodiment 18

[0058] The same method as Example 16 is adopted, except that the peas, sheep manure and sawdust are fermented, specifically: the peas, sheep manure and sawdust are mixed, crushed and stirred, 50% of their mass of water is added to make a mixture, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation tank for fermentation. The fermentation tank has a radius of 4.5m and a depth of 3m. The mixture is naturally fermented for 7 days and then dried.

[0059] Test example

[0060] Test Example 1

[0061] Test location: The test site is located at the "Hongyang" kiwi fruit planting base in Miluo Town, Shuicheng District;

[0062] Test variety: 5-year-old "Hongyang" kiwifruit from Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, planted in rows with a spacing of 3×3m, with a spacing of 667m 2 75 trees were planted, and the vigor of the trees was uniform, with no significant differences between the plants;

[0063] Experimental design: 5 treatment groups in total, the first group: conventional fertilizer (Western compound fertilizer), the second group: special fertilizer (special fertilizer of Example 1 of the present invention), the third group: biological fertilizer (Gefu biological fertilizer), the fourth group: control (blank); repeated three times, 10 trees in each plot, arranged in random blocks; fertilization method: ① 1.0 kg of Western compound fertilizer per plant, ② 0.5 kg of special fertilizer of the present invention, ③ 0.25 kg of Gefu biological fertilizer per plant, ④ no fertilization; during the fertilization period, the management of each plot was consistent, the fertilization conditions and fertilization time of all experimental plots were consistent, and the management was carried out according to the pollution-free cultivation technology of kiwifruit;

[0064] Test results:

[0065] Effects of different fertilizers on Hongyang kiwifruit yield (Table 1)

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that compared with the fertilizers on the market, the fertilizer created by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of red kiwifruit, with a plant yield of 31.61 kg and a per 667 m 2The yield is 2087.33 kg, and the growth rate is as high as 23.59%. It can be seen that the special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit of the present invention has high fertilizer efficiency, obvious yield increase effect and remarkable economic benefits.

[0069] Effects of different fertilizers on the quality of Hongyang kiwifruit (Table 2)

[0070]

[0071] From the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that different fertilizers have different improvement effects on the quality of single fruit of Hongyang kiwifruit. The special fertilizer of the present invention has the most obvious improvement effect, with the single fruit mass reaching 86.63 g, the vitamin C content reaching 1328.61 mg / kg, the soluble sugar 14.68%, and the soluble solids 14.93%.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit, which is characterized in that: The raw materials are by mass percentage: nitrogen 12 - 18%, phosphorus 10 - 16%, potassium 8 - 12%, organic matter 55 - 65%, calcium 0.4 - 2.8%, sulfur 0.02 - 0.1%, boron 0.05 - 0.3%, selenium 0.05 - 0.2%, iron 0.1 - 0.2%.

2. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: Nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 12%, potassium 10%, organic matter 60%, calcium 2.5%, sulfur 0.07%, boron 0.2%, selenium 0.1%, iron 0.13%.

3. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that, The nitrogen is urea, the phosphorus is diammonium phosphate, and the potassium is potassium sulfate.

4. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that, The organic matter is vetch, sheep manure or sawdust.

5. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 4, which is characterized in that, The preparation method of the organic matter includes the following steps: After mixing vetch, sheep manure or sawdust, dry it until the water content is less than 5%, and then pulverize it with a pulverizer.

6. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 5, which is characterized in that, After mixing, pulverizing and stirring vetch, sheep manure and sawdust, add 20 - 50% of its mass of water to make a mixture, place it in a fermentation tank for fermentation, the radius of the fermentation tank is 2.5 - 4.5m, the depth is 1 - 3m, ferment naturally for 5 - 7 days, and then dry it.

7. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 4, which is characterized in that, The weight ratio of vetch, sheep manure and sawdust is (1 - 2):(5 - 6):(1 - 3).

8. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 7, which is characterized in that, The weight ratio of vetch, sheep manure and sawdust is 1:6:

3.

9. The special fertilizer for Hongyang kiwifruit according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that, The preparation method of the special fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) Mixing: Mix the raw materials nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, calcium, sulfur, boron, selenium, iron evenly according to the ratio and then sieve them to obtain fertilizer particles; (2) Drying: Dry the fertilizer particles, pack them in bags, and then place them in a cool place.

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