Foliage spraying fertilizer for promoting growth of crops in dry land and saline-alkali land

Abstract

The invention relates to a foliage spray fertilizer for promoting the growth of crops in dry land and saline-alkali land, the foliage spray fertilizer comprises a first component and a second component, the first component comprises 13.5-16.5 parts by mass of brown sugar, 27-33 parts by mass of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 27-33 parts by mass of urea, 4.5-5.5 parts by mass of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 13.5-16.5 parts by mass of fish protein, 0.9-1.1 parts by mass of a manganese element, 0.9-1.1 parts by mass of an iron element, 0.9-1.1 parts by mass of a calcium element, 0.9-1.1 parts by mass of a boron element and 0.9-1.1 parts by mass of a magnesium element; the second component is prepared from 18 to 22 parts of compound lumbrukinase, 18 to 22 parts of chitosan, 27 to 33 parts of hydroxyl carboxyl and 27 to 33 parts of phenolic hydroxyl. By optimizing the formula of the foliar fertilizer, the adhesive force and stability of the foliar spray fertilizer on stems and leaves of crops are enhanced to prolong the retention time and stability of the foliar spray fertilizer and enhance the infiltration capacity of the foliar spray fertilizer to the leaves, so that the bioavailability and actual fertilizer efficiency of the foliar spray fertilizer are greatly improved; growth and development of crops in saline-alkali soil or hilly land are promoted, and yield and income are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a foliar spray fertilizer for the growth of crops. Background Art

[0002] According to statistics, the global area of ​​saline-alkali land has exceeded 900 million hectares. The pH value of saline-alkali soil is generally greater than 8.5, resulting in ion antagonism that inhibits the absorption of trace elements such as iron and zinc by crops. Sodium ion poisoning destroys cell membrane permeability, resulting in a reduction in leaf stomatal opening, reducing the penetration efficiency and utilization rate of foliar fertilization. The construction cost of drip irrigation systems is high when planting crops in hilly areas, and due to the uneven ground in hilly areas, it is difficult for large machinery to reach crop fields, and it is difficult to use ground-moving agricultural machinery for operations. Therefore, crops currently planted in saline-alkali or hilly areas often face problems such as the inability to apply topdressing and timely irrigation after germination, which seriously affects the growth and yield of crops.

[0003] In order to promote the normal growth of crops in farmland, spraying foliar fertilizers in stages is a scientific method. However, there are some technical limitations in current foliar fertilizers, such as single nutrition. Most foliar fertilizers on the market only contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and lack the synergistic mechanism of trace elements. Due to the sodium ion stress and strong transpiration of saline-alkali land, the stomatal opening of crops leaves is greatly reduced in order to adapt to the environment, which affects the penetration and utilization rate of foliar fertilizers. After the existing foliar fertilizers are sprayed on the stems and leaves of crops, there are problems of insufficient adhesion and stability. They are quickly lost from the leaf surface under wind or rain, and the nutrients in the foliar fertilizers are also prone to deterioration and degeneration, which leads to the low actual bioavailability of foliar fertilizers and the inability to fully exert the efficacy of foliar fertilizers. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a foliar spray fertilizer for crop growth, which optimizes the formula, enhances the adhesion and stability of the foliar spray fertilizer on the stems and leaves of crops to prolong the residence time and stability of the foliar spray fertilizer, and enhances the penetration ability of the foliar spray fertilizer into the leaves, thereby greatly improving the bioavailability and actual fertilizer efficiency of the foliar spray fertilizer, promoting the growth and development of crops in saline-alkali land or hilly land, and achieving increased production and income.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a foliar spray fertilizer for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land, which comprises a first component and a second component, wherein, by mass:

[0008] The first component comprises 13.5-16.5 parts of brown sugar, 27-33 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 27-33 parts of urea, 4.5-5.5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 13.5-16.5 parts of fish protein, 0.9-1.1 parts of manganese, 0.9-1.1 parts of iron, 0.9-1.1 parts of calcium, 0.9-1.1 parts of boron and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium;

[0009] The second component comprises 18-22 parts of composite lumbrokinase, 18-22 parts of chitosan, 27-33 parts of hydroxycarboxyl groups, and 27-33 parts of phenolic hydroxyl groups.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 4:1.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the manganese element in the first component is provided in the form of manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, EDTA-Mn, manganese citrate-manganese malate double coordination complex; the iron element is provided in the form of ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, DTPA-Fe or EDDHA-Fe; the calcium element is provided in the form of nano calcium carbonate or γ-polyglutamic acid chelated calcium; the boron element is provided in the form of boric acid (boric acid has a lower salt index and can reduce potential damage to plant leaves); and the magnesium element is provided in the form of magnesium sulfate. In the scheme of the present invention, the net content of the target element is used for measurement.

[0012] Lumbrokinase is a series of enzymes obtained from the digestive fluid of earthworms or soil extracts after earthworm treatment. When extracting lumbrokinase, one or more live bacteria from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Erwinia amylovora, Bacillus brevis, and Azotobacter sphaerocephalus may be introduced into lumbrokinase to obtain composite lumbrokinase, in which the live bacteria account for 12-25% of the composite lumbrokinase. Among them, Bacillus subtilis contains about 8-15%, Azotobacter sphaerocephalus contains 3-5%, and Azotobacter sphaerocephalus contains 1-3%.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chitosan is a 5-50 kDa gradient chitosan compound system, and the degree of deacetylation is 80-95%.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the second component, the hydroxyl carboxyl group is a group of compounds containing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups separated from humic acid or a group of compounds containing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in the degradation products of humic acid organic matter, and the molecular weight does not exceed 10 kDa;

[0015] The phenolic hydroxyl group is a group of compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups separated from humic acid or a group of compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups in degradation products of humic acid organic matter, and the molecular weight does not exceed 10 kDa.

[0016] The molecular weight of humic acid is not fixed. It is not a single compound, but a complex mixture of organic molecules of various sizes and structures. Therefore, the molecular weight distribution of humic acid is very wide, ranging from a few thousand Daltons to hundreds of thousands of Daltons. In order to improve the bioavailability of humic acid to crop leaves, the compounds containing hydroxyl or carboxyl or compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of no more than 10kDa (usually 120-2000Da) in humic acid organic matter are separated, thereby obtaining the hydroxyl carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups required by the present invention. In addition, the mineral source humic acid organic matter can also be subjected to primary degradation, and the degradation method includes: chemical degradation, biological degradation, physical degradation, oxidative degradation or any method of the aforementioned method. Through degradation, the humic acid organic matter is degraded into a compound group rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl or phenolic hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of no more than 10kDa, so that the mineral source humic acid is converted into a substance that is easily absorbed by plants to improve bioavailability. Preferably, the hydroxyl carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups described in the present invention are a group of compounds with a molecular weight not exceeding 10 kDa separated from humic acid organic matter, and the separated group of compounds does not destroy the structure and can retain the function and excellent chelating ability of humic acid. It should be noted that the hydroxyl-containing compounds herein do not include compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups.

[0017] The primary degradation method of humic acid organic matter is described as follows:

[0018] ① Chemical degradation: By treating humic acid with chemical reagents (such as acid and alkali), its larger molecular structure can be broken down to form smaller molecules. For example, hydrogen peroxide can be used to partially oxidize and degrade humic acid under mild conditions to generate organic substances with smaller molecular weight.

[0019] ②Biodegradation: Use specific microorganisms or enzymes to decompose humic acid. Certain bacteria and fungi in nature can secrete enzymes that can degrade humic acid. This method is relatively environmentally friendly, but the process may be slow and requires controlled conditions to ensure the best results.

[0020] ③ Physical degradation: including heat treatment, ultrasonic treatment and other technologies. Ultrasonic treatment can produce a local high temperature and high pressure environment through cavitation, which helps to break the macromolecular chain of humic acid and reduce its molecular weight.

[0021] ④ Oxidative degradation: In addition to the use of hydrogen peroxide mentioned above, other oxidants such as ozone can also be used for oxidative degradation. This treatment method can effectively convert large molecular weight humic acid into smaller molecular fragments, improving its solubility and bioavailability.

[0022] ⑤Combination method: Sometimes, multiple methods are combined to achieve better results. For example, chemical methods are used for initial degradation, and then microorganisms are used to further refine the molecular weight.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first component is composed of 15 parts of brown sugar, 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 15 parts of fish protein, 1 part of manganese, 1 part of iron, 1 part of calcium, 1 part of boron and 1 part of magnesium;

[0024] The second component consists of 20 parts of composite lumbrokinase, 20 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of hydroxycarboxyl and 30 parts of phenolic hydroxyl.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fertilizing crops in saline-alkali land or hilly land, comprising:

[0026] S1. Superfinely grind the first component and the second component of any one of the above embodiments respectively, and then mix them at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a mixture, and add water to dilute the mixture by 120-200 times to obtain a suspended foliar spray fertilizer;

[0027] S2. The suspended foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves or drip-irrigated at a dosage of 5 kg of the mixture corresponding to 30 mu of crops. The spraying or drip irrigation time nodes include three, namely, when the crops have 4-6 leaves after emergence, jointing stage and flowering stage.

[0028] Preferably, in S1, the first component is ground by wet grinding, and the second component is ground by dry grinding, until D 50 =120-250nm and D 90 <500nm (dynamic light scattering detection, to prevent leaf blockage), the second component is ground at 25±2℃ (to prevent enzyme inactivation) and the grinding time is 45-60 minutes. This particle size is conducive to uniform spraying and quick absorption by crops.

[0029] Preferably, in S2, a drone is used for foliar spraying or foliar drip irrigation.

[0030] Preferably, the crop is wheat, cotton, corn or sorghum, and is particularly suitable for wheat, cotton, corn or sorghum planted in saline-alkali land or hilly land.

[0031] (III) Beneficial effects

[0032] The foliar spray fertilizer of the present invention is a mixture of the first component (rich in nutrients such as brown sugar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, etc.) and the second component (comprising composite lumbrokinase, chitosan, small molecule humic acid, etc.) in proportion to form a comprehensive foliar fertilizer formula. This combination not only provides a variety of nutrients required for plant growth, but also adds ingredients that promote soil health and enhance plant stress resistance; the second component combines lumbrokinase, chitosan, hydroxycarboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl, etc., which can activate the plant's own immune system, enhance its ability to resist diseases and insect pests, and promote the growth and development of crops.

[0033] Brown sugar in the first component can enhance the adhesion of fertilizer and prolong the residence time of fertilizer on the leaf surface; sodium nitrophenolate promotes the efficiency of plant tricarboxylic acid cycle by activating mitochondrial complex enzyme IV, activates nitrate reductase activity and promotes glutamine synthetase expression, regulates salt stress, and promotes Na + Excretion, maintain cell osmotic balance, increase crop SOD activity, promote oxidative damage repair, and enhance crop stress resistance. Use the sulfhydryl (-SH) of fish protein to protect the active center of lumbrokinase and extend the half-life of lumbrokinase. Lumbrokinase can enzymatically hydrolyze fish protein to release amino acids that can be absorbed by leaf stomata; lumbrokinase can release cellulase, degrade the wax layer on the leaf surface, and improve the permeability and bioavailability of foliar fertilizer.

[0034] Chitosan plays a synergistic role of fast-acting, lasting-acting and stress-resistant. When the molecular weight is 5-10KDa, it is low molecular weight chitosan, which can quickly penetrate the wax structure of the cuticle with a thickness of 2-5μm, and can enter the interior of the leaf surface through the stomata (aperture 5-20μm) on the leaf surface. Some chitosan can also penetrate the intercellular filaments (diameter 0.5-1μm); low molecular weight chitosan plays a role in osmotic pressure compensation for crops in saline-alkali land. When the molecular weight is 10-50KDa, it is medium molecular weight chitosan, which can form a 20-50nm nanofilm to cover the leaf surface, prolong the retention time on the leaf surface, and has a strong ion chelation effect with metals such as zinc / iron, which can activate the plant SAR system to provide stress protection (anti-ultraviolet and anti-drought). Chitosan uses Schiff base dynamic bonding system as a nutrient slow-release carrier to prolong the duration of foliar spraying and improve bioavailability.

[0035] Hydroxycarboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl have smaller molecular weights than humic acid organic matter, which can avoid clogging leaf stomata. Compared with high molecular weight humic acid, the use of hydroxycarboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl can improve bioavailability. Hydroxycarboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl can improve the stability of trace metal elements and the efficiency of leaf absorption. Combined with sodium nitrophenolate, they can improve crop stress resistance (improve the expression of stress resistance genes). Phenolic hydroxyl can provide UV protection, absorb ultraviolet rays in the 290-320nm band, and reduce leaf burns. Hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl can also effectively prolong the activity time of enzymes and proteins.

[0036] The foliar spray fertilizer of the present invention forms three salt release curves of rapid release, sustained release and long-acting release, wherein urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can quickly replenish nutrients after contacting the leaf surface, fish protein and metal trace elements (manganese, iron, calcium, boron and magnesium) chelate form sustained release nutrients, and lumbrokinase and chitosan form a slow-release system, which can exert a long-acting effect.

[0037] Furthermore, in the preparation of suspended foliar spray fertilizer, the particle size of the suspended foliar spray fertilizer is controlled to D 50 =120-250nm (the particle size of traditional suspended foliar spray fertilizer is >500nm), which makes the composition of suspended foliar spray fertilizer more uniform in the spray equipment and is easier to be absorbed and utilized by crops after being sprayed on the leaves.

[0038] Soil topdressing or drip fertilization has limitations. The former requires excavation of the soil, which is labor-intensive and easy to damage the root system of crops, and fertilizer is lost with rainwater runoff; the latter will cause nutrients not to be absorbed and waste when the soil is saturated with water; compared with the above methods, foliar fertilizer spraying is more suitable for saline-alkali land and hilly land, and is not easy to cause nutrient loss. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for operation, and are not restricted by the inability of large agricultural machinery to reach the planting site. The fertilizer per mu of the present invention is only about 16.7g of the mixture (calculated by dilution 500 times), which reduces the input of chemical fertilizer by more than 60% compared with traditional topdressing, and achieves increased production and income of crops in saline-alkali land or hilly land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a comparison picture of the growth of sorghum using the foliar spray fertilizer of the present invention and other foliar spray fertilizers in the saline-alkali land demonstration base in Huanghua, Hebei.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a comparison picture of the heading conditions of sorghum applied with the foliar spray fertilizer of the present invention and other foliar spray fertilizers in the saline-alkali land demonstration base in Huanghua, Hebei.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a comparison picture of the filling conditions of sorghum applied with the foliar spray fertilizer of the present invention and other foliar spray fertilizers in the saline-alkali land demonstration base in Huanghua, Hebei.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a comparison picture of wheat growth in a control field where the foliar spraying fertilizer of the present invention and the conventional base fertilization + topdressing mode were applied in the dry-alkali land demonstration base in Gaocheng, Hebei. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments. In the following examples, the trace element compounds are measured based on the net content of the target elements contained, such as EDDHA-Fe based on the net content of the iron element contained.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a foliar spray fertilizer for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land, including a first component and a second component. In terms of mass percentage, the first component is composed of 15% brown sugar, 30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30% urea, 5% sodium nitrophenolate, 15% fish protein, 1% manganese, 1% iron, 1% calcium, 1% boron and 1% magnesium; the second component is composed of 20% composite lumbrokinase, 20% chitosan, 30% hydroxycarboxyl and 30% phenolic hydroxyl.

[0046] Manganese element uses EDTA-Mn, iron element uses EDDHA-Fe, calcium element uses γ-polyglutamic acid chelated calcium, boron element uses boric acid, and magnesium element uses magnesium sulfate. Hydroxyl carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl are compounds with molecular weights of 500Da-10000Da separated from mineral humic acid. Chitosan molecular weight is 10-50kDa medium molecular weight chitosan, and the degree of deacetylation is 85%. The composite lumbrokinase contains 16% live bacteria.

[0047] 4 kg of the first component was weighed and ground at a linear speed of 15 m / s for 45 minutes using a wet grinder, and 1 kg of the second component was dry ground. During the grinding process, the temperature was controlled at 25±2° C., and water was added to dilute 120 times (a total of 595 kg of water was added) to obtain a suspended foliar spray fertilizer. The particle fineness of the suspended foliar spray fertilizer meets D50=120-250 nm and D90<500 nm.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides a foliar spray fertilizer for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land, including a first component and a second component. In terms of mass percentage, the first component is composed of 16.5% brown sugar, 33% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 27% urea, 5% sodium nitrophenolate, 13.5% fish protein, 1% manganese, 1% iron, 1% calcium, 1% boron and 1% magnesium; the second component is composed of 22% composite lumbrokinase, 18% chitosan, 33% hydroxycarboxyl and 27% phenolic hydroxyl.

[0050] Manganese element uses manganese citrate-malate, iron element uses EDDHA-Fe, calcium element uses γ-polyglutamic acid chelated calcium, boron element uses boric acid, and magnesium element uses magnesium sulfate. Hydroxyl carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl are compounds with molecular weights of 500Da-10000Da separated from mineral humic acid. Chitosan molecular weight is 5-50kDa gradient chitosan compound system, deacetylation degree is 80%. The composite lumbrokinase contains 20% live bacteria.

[0051] 4 kg of the first component was weighed and ground at a linear speed of 15 m / s for 45 minutes using a wet grinder, and 1 kg of the second component was dry ground. During the grinding process, the temperature was controlled at 25±2° C., and water was added to dilute 120 times (a total of 595 kg of water was added) to obtain a suspended foliar spray fertilizer. The particle fineness of the suspended foliar spray fertilizer meets D50=120-250 nm and D90<500 nm.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This embodiment provides a foliar spray fertilizer for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land, including a first component and a second component. In terms of mass percentage, the first component is composed of 13.5% brown sugar, 27% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 33% urea, 5% sodium nitrophenolate, 16.5% fish protein, 1% manganese, 1% iron, 1% calcium, 1% boron and 1% magnesium; the second component is composed of 18% composite lumbrokinase, 22% chitosan, 27% hydroxycarboxyl and 33% phenolic hydroxyl.

[0054] Manganese element uses manganese citrate-malate, iron element is EDDHA-Fe, calcium element is nano calcium carbonate with a particle size of 20-50nm, boron element is boric acid, and magnesium element is magnesium sulfate. Hydroxyl carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl are compounds with a molecular weight of 500Da-10000Da separated from mineral humic acid. Chitosan molecular weight is 5-50kDa gradient chitosan compound system, deacetylation degree is 90%. The composite lumbrokinase contains 25% live bacteria.

[0055] 4 kg of the first component was weighed and ground at a linear speed of 15 m / s for 45 minutes using a wet grinder, and 1 kg of the second component was dry ground. During the grinding process, the temperature was controlled at 25±2° C., and water was added to dilute 120 times (a total of 595 kg of water was added) to obtain a suspended foliar spray fertilizer. The particle fineness of the suspended foliar spray fertilizer meets D50=120-250 nm and D90<500 nm.

[0056] Application Examples

[0057] Application Example 1

[0058] The suspended foliar spray fertilizer of Example 1 was sprayed on a saline-alkali sorghum planting base in Huanghua City, Hebei Province. The experiment was organized by the Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and the applicant invited relevant experts to test the effect of the new fertilizer. The test site is located in Dongdaoan Village, Tengzhuangzi Town, Huanghua City, Cangzhou City. The soil is moderately salinized soil (salt content 2.2-3.5‰). The core demonstration field has a planting area of ​​100 acres and was sown on June 29, 2023. The normal quality is two glutinous rice No. 1. Precision sowing is used, 0.4kg per acre is sown, and the row spacing is 55cm.

[0059] Before sowing, base fertilizer was applied to both the experimental field and the control field, with 35 kg of N, P, and K compound fertilizer (ratio 25:10:7) applied per mu.

[0060] The experimental field was sprayed with the suspended foliar spray fertilizer prepared by the method of Example 1 once each when sorghum had 4-6 leaves after emergence, at the jointing stage and at the flowering stage, and 30 mu of sorghum fields were sprayed with 600 kg of the suspended foliar spray fertilizer (containing 5 kg of nutrient components). The control field was topdressed with compound fertilizer (5 kg / mu) in the jointing stage, and commercial foliar fertilizer was sprayed in equal doses. The ingredients of commercial foliar fertilizer: 32% humic acid, 3% natural seaweed polysaccharide, 0.1% chitosan, 46% amino acid, 17.31% total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (10% uric acid, 7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% zinc sulfate, 0.1% borax, 0.01% ammonium molybdate), 0.5% betaine, and the rest was Bacillus subtilis. The control field and the demonstration field were both located in the moderate saline-alkali land of Dongdao'an Village, Tengzhuangzi Town, Huanghua City.

[0061] (1) Growth observation

[0062] like Figure 1-3 As shown, (A) of each figure shows the growth, heading and filling of sorghum in the control field sprayed with commercially available foliar fertilizer; (B) of each figure shows the growth, heading and filling of sorghum in the test field sprayed with the suspended foliar spray fertilizer prepared by the method of Example 1. Figure 1-3 These are photos of the experimental field and the control field taken during the same period.

[0063] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen intuitively that the sorghum in the test field sprayed with the suspended foliar fertilizer prepared by the method of Example 1 is significantly better than the control field in terms of plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, number of tillers and other indicators; Figure 2 It can be seen that the number of sorghum heading and the density of branched ears on a single large ear in the test field sprayed with the suspended foliar fertilizer prepared by the method of Example 1 were significantly greater than those in the control field; Figure 3 It can be seen that within the same growth cycle, the sorghum in the experimental field sprayed with the suspended foliar spray fertilizer prepared by the method of Example 1 had a large seed density, full seeds and bright red color (indicating high seed maturity), while the seeds on the ears of the control field were sparse, the seeds were hollow and grayish white (indicating low seed maturity).

[0064] (2) Output comparison

[0065] The diagonal 5-point sampling method was used to measure 5 plots, each with an area of ​​10m 2 , and investigate the number of ears in the plot. Randomly harvest 100 ears, dry and thresh them, measure the grain weight per ear and the moisture content of the grain, convert it into the grain weight per ear at a moisture content of 13%, and calculate the yield according to the formula "yield per mu = grain weight per ear × number of ears in the plot × 66.7", and the average value of the five points is the average yield. The test results are as follows:

[0066] When the moisture content of the test field grains was 13%, the weight of a single ear grain was 29.51 grams, the average yield per mu was 350.36 kilograms, and the yield per mu of the control field was 292.70 kilograms, an increase of 19.70% over the control field, a 14.85% increase in plant height, and more than 6 days earlier heading. Calculated at the current price of 4 yuan / kg for No. 1 glutinous rice, the sorghum in the demonstration field increased its income by 231 yuan per mu over the control field. 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer was saved per mu, and 12.5% ​​of fertilizer was saved. Considering that the cost of the suspended foliar spraying fertilizer of the present invention is about 80 yuan / mu, the net income per mu is increased by 171 yuan compared with the control field (without considering the nutritional value of the seeds); the protein content of mature sorghum seeds in the test field and the control field was further tested. The protein content of the control field was only 9.3%, and the protein content of the test field reached 13.4%, and the protein content was increased by 44%. It can be seen that the foliar fertilization of the present invention has an outstanding effect in sorghum cultivation in saline-alkali land, achieves the cultivation goals of saving fertilizer, increasing production and income, and improving crop quality, and improves the output value of saline-alkali land.

[0067] Application Example 2

[0068] On June 5, 2024, the Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences organized and invited relevant experts to form a testing team to conduct field yield measurement on the application effect of the new suspended foliar spray fertilizer developed in wheat fields. The expert group listened to the project team's report on the new fertilizer, inspected the new fertilizer test demonstration area in Xili Village, Gaocheng (salt content 2‰-3‰), and conducted field yield measurement. The test results are as follows:

[0069] Basic situation: sowing situation

[0070] The test area and the control area had sufficient soil moisture before sowing. The wheat was sown on October 14, 2023. The wheat variety was Shixin 633, and the thousand-grain weight in the variety approval announcement was 44.3 grams. Treatment grouping: Control area (conventional soil fertilization area): The control area applied compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O:20-18-6) 40kg / mu, topdressing urea 15kg / mu during jointing period. 2 O 5 -K 2 O:20-18-6) 35kg / mu, spray the suspended foliar spray fertilizer prepared in Example 1 at 20kg / mu once each when 4-6 leaves appear after emergence, at the jointing stage and at the flowering stage.

[0071] (1) Growth observation

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown in the on-site observation, the wheat in the test area grew robustly, with large ears and full grains, basically no premature senescence, and normal yellowing (Figure A). The wheat in the control area was affected by the dry hot wind and showed premature senescence in some areas (Figure B).

[0073] (2) Output comparison

[0074] The inspection team randomly selected 3 sampling points in each of the two districts to conduct field yield measurement. At each sampling point, the number of ears per 1 meter and 2 rows was counted, the average row spacing was measured, and the number of ears per mu was calculated; 20 ears were randomly selected from each sampling point to calculate the average number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain weight was calculated according to the variety approval announcement. The theoretical yield was calculated by multiplying the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain weight, and the yield was calculated at 85% off.

[0075] 3. Test results

[0076] The control area has an average of 462,000 ears per mu, 33.9 grains per ear, and a theoretical yield of 692.28 kg. After a 15% discount, the yield per mu is 588.43 kg. The experimental area has an average of 516,000 ears per mu, 35.4 grains per ear, and a theoretical yield of 807.61 kg. After a 15% discount, the yield per mu is 686.47 kg. The experimental area saves 5 kg of fertilizer per mu on average compared to the control area, and the average yield per mu increases by 98.03 kg, with an increase rate of 16.66%.

[0077] Further testing of the protein content in the mature wheat seeds in the test area and the control area showed that the protein content of wheat in the control field was 9.7%, and the protein content of wheat in the test field was 13.1%, with a protein content increase of 35%. It can be seen that the foliar fertilization of the present invention has an outstanding effect in wheat planting in saline-alkali land, achieving the cultivation goals of saving fertilizer, increasing production and income, and improving the quality of crops, and improving the output value of saline-alkali land.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features therein may be replaced by equivalents. These modifications or replacements, or the technical features in the above embodiments may be combined in the manner described in the embodiments if they do not conflict with each other, and these modifications, replacements or combinations do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foliar fertilization method for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land, characterized in that: It comprises a first component and a second component, by mass, wherein: The first component comprises 13.5-16.5 parts of brown sugar, 27-33 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 27-33 parts of urea, 4.5-5.5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 13.5-16.5 parts of fish protein, 0.9-1.1 parts of manganese, 0.9-1.1 parts of iron, 0.9-1.1 parts of calcium, 0.9-1.1 parts of boron and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium; The second component comprises 18-22 parts of composite lumbrokinase, 18-22 parts of chitosan, 27-33 parts of hydroxycarboxyl groups, and 27-33 parts of phenolic hydroxyl groups.

2. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 4:

1.

3. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manganese element in the first component is provided in the form of manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, EDTA-Mn, manganese citrate-manganese malate bidentation complex; the iron element is provided in the form of ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, DTPA-Fe or EDDHA-Fe; the calcium element is provided in the form of nano calcium carbonate or γ-polyglutamic acid chelated calcium; the boron element is provided in the form of boric acid; and the magnesium element is provided in the form of magnesium sulfate.

4. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second component, the composite lumbrokinase contains one or more live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Erwinia amylovora, Bacillus brevis, and Azotobacter nitrofuga, and the mass of the live bacteria accounts for 12-25%.

5. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second component, the chitosan is a 5-50 kDa gradient chitosan compound system, and the deacetylation degree is 80-95%.

6. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second component, the hydroxycarboxyl group is a group of compounds containing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups separated from humic acid or a group of compounds containing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in the degradation products of humic acid organic matter, and the molecular weight does not exceed 10 kDa; The phenolic hydroxyl group is a group of compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups separated from humic acid or a group of compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl groups in degradation products of humic acid organic matter, and the molecular weight does not exceed 10 kDa.

7. The foliar fertilization for promoting the growth of crops in dry saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first component is composed of 15 parts of brown sugar, 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 15 parts of fish protein, 1 part of manganese, 1 part of iron, 1 part of calcium, 1 part of boron and 1 part of magnesium; The second component consists of 20 parts of composite lumbrokinase, 20 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of hydroxycarboxyl and 30 parts of phenolic hydroxyl.

8. A method for fertilizing crops in saline-alkali land or hilly land, characterized in that: include: S1. Superfinely grind the first component and the second component in the foliar spray fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, respectively, and then mix them at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a mixture, and add water to dilute the mixture by 120-200 times to obtain a suspended foliar spray fertilizer; S2. The suspended foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves or drip-irrigated at a dosage of 5 kg of the mixture corresponding to 30 mu of crops. The spraying or drip irrigation time nodes include three, namely, when the crops have 4-6 leaves after emergence, jointing stage and flowering stage.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In S1, the first component is ground by wet grinding, and the second component is ground by dry grinding, respectively, to D 50 =120-250nm and D 90 <500nm, the second component grinding process is controlled at 25±2℃.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In S2, drones were used for foliar spraying.

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