Enzyme preparation composition for improving soil fertility of saline-alkali soil and controlled-release blended fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali soil. The enzyme preparation composition is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 45 to 55 parts of lumbrukinase, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of perphosphatase, 4.5 to 5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5 to 27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4.5 to 5.5 parts of silicon element, 4.5 to 5.5 parts of calcium element, 2.7 to 3.3 parts of zinc element and 0.9 to 1.1 parts of magnesium element. The enzyme preparation composition disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the enzyme preparation composition is prepared from the comprehensive aspects of supplementing high-quality organic matters and nutritional ingredient varieties in soil, reducing the toxicity of sodium ions, stimulating the stress resistance of crops, inhibiting soil-borne fungi, stabilizing the salinity and alkalinity of the soil, lowering the pH value, improving the granular structure and permeability of the soil, prolonging the retention and release time of nutrients and the like; various physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are synergistically improved, so that the output value of saline-alkali soil resources is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to fertilizers for agriculture, in particular to an enzyme preparation composition and a controlled-release blended fertilizer for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] With the expansion of global agricultural land and long-term unreasonable farming methods, the problem of soil degradation has become increasingly serious. In particular, the continuous increase in the area of saline-alkali land poses a major challenge to agricultural production. Due to its high salt content and high alkalinity, most crops are difficult to grow normally in saline-alkali land, which reduces the land productivity and limits the types of crops that can be planted. Therefore, improving saline-alkali land and enhancing its soil fertility have become one of the important directions in modern agricultural scientific research.

[0003] Traditionally, the methods for improving saline-alkali land mainly include water conservancy improvement, agricultural technology improvement, biological improvement, and chemical improvement, etc. However, these methods often have problems such as high cost, slow effect, or possible secondary pollution. In recent years, with the development of biotechnology and materials science, using enzyme preparations and controlled-release blended fertilizers to improve soil quality has gradually become a new trend. Such products can not only effectively reduce the salt concentration in the soil, but also improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote plant root development, and improve the stress resistance of crops.

[0004] For example, the patent application publication number CN103708907A discloses an enzyme preparation bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method, which is composed of 25 parts of potassium humate, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of amino acids, 3 parts of biological bacteria, and 31 parts of tobacco waste. Among them, the biological complex enzyme is composed of 10 - 40 parts of nitrogen-fixing enzyme, 8 - 30 parts of phosphorus-dissolving enzyme, 10 - 30 parts of plant growth-promoting enzyme, 6 - 10 parts of heavy metal adsorption enzyme, and 4 - 9 parts of disease-preventing enzyme. However, this enzyme preparation bio-organic fertilizer has the following problems: (1) Its organic matter mainly comes from livestock and poultry manure and tobacco waste. Livestock and poultry manure has a risk of containing pathogenic bacteria, and tobacco waste contains residual nicotine, with poor safety and may cause secondary pollution (such as nicotine being absorbed by crops). (2) The simple superposition of enzymes and bacteria does not form a metabolic synergy. (3) This enzyme preparation is not designed with stress-resistant functional components for special soil environments such as drought or salinization. (4) Although this scheme has a disease-preventing enzyme, it is not clear which enzyme the disease-preventing enzyme is, and it has weak inhibitory ability against soil-borne fungi (such as Fusarium). (5) It cannot effectively adjust the soil pH. Although potassium humate can improve the base saturation degree, its pH adjustment effect on saline-alkali land is poor. (6) It cannot be maintained and play a role for a long time. This scheme directly provides 3% amino acids as nutrients. Amino acids are water-soluble small molecules, which are very easy to be lost with rainfall or mineralized and lost. And this scheme does not have a water-retaining and slow-release carrier, which leads to a high risk of amino acid failure in arid areas and is difficult to effectively improve the soil quality of saline-alkali land.

[0005] In summary, it is necessary to optimize and adjust enzyme preparations, which is of great significance for solving the problem of saline-alkali land improvement and realizing sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (1) Technical Problem to be Solved

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land. By optimizing the enzyme preparation formula, the present invention not only supplements high-quality organic matter in the soil and enriches the types of nutrient supply, stimulates the stress resistance of crops, inhibits soil-borne fungi, stabilizes the saline-alkali concentration in the soil (solves the impact of concentrated release / fluctuation of saline-alkali on crops), but also prolongs the retention and release time of nutrients. By integrating these measures, the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are synergistically improved, the soil enzyme activity and organic matter reserve are increased, thereby improving the germination rate of crop seeds, enhancing the output value of the saline-alkali soil resources, and solving the technical problem of insufficient pertinence of existing enzyme preparations in dealing with special soil environments such as drought or salinization.

[0008] In addition, the present invention also relates to a controlled-release blended fertilizer containing the above-mentioned enzyme preparation composition. The test results show that this controlled-release blended fertilizer can effectively improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability, and improve the disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance and saline-alkali resistance of crops. At the same time, it can also improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of crop roots for nutrient components. Therefore, while fundamentally improving soil fertility, it not only increases the yield and income of crops in saline-alkali land, but also improves the quality of crops (such as increasing the content of seed protein or unsaturated fatty acids).

[0009] (2) Technical Solution

[0010] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which comprises, by mass: 45-55 parts of lumbrokinase, 1.8-2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8-2.2 parts of acid phosphatase, 4.5-5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5-27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5-5.5 parts of silicon element, 4.5-5.5 parts of calcium element, 2.7-3.3 parts of zinc element, and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium element.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the silicon element is provided in the form of SiO 2 form, the calcium element is provided in the form of CaO, the zinc element is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and the magnesium element is provided in the form of MgO. In this application, the compounds containing silicon, calcium, zinc and magnesium elements are calculated based on the net content of the target elements they contain.

[0012] Using calcium and magnesium in oxide form can avoid introducing sulfate ions or chloride ions, thereby exacerbating the degree of soil salinization compared to using the salt form. Oxides do not introduce chloride ions and sulfate ions, and can also achieve slow release, avoiding problems such as excessive local concentration and rapid loss due to rainwashing.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme preparation composition comprises 50 parts by mass of lumbrokinase, 2 parts by mass of earthworm active protein, 2 parts by mass of peroxidase, 5 parts by mass of polyglutamic acid, 25 parts by mass of humic acid, 2 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis, 5 parts by mass of silicon element, 5 parts by mass of calcium element, 3 parts by mass of zinc element and 1 part by mass of magnesium element.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme preparation composition further contains wood vinegar and enzyme bacteria.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which comprises:

[0016] S1. Weigh the following components by mass: 45 - 55 parts of lumbrokinase, 1.8 - 2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8 - 2.2 parts of peroxidase, 4.5 - 5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5 - 27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8 - 2.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5 - 5.5 parts of silicon element, 4.5 - 5.5 parts of calcium element, 2.7 - 3.3 parts of zinc element, 0.9 - 1.1 parts of magnesium element;

[0017] S2. Compound and mix the above raw materials, add a mixed solution of wood vinegar and enzyme bacteria, add a binder to granulate, and then package to obtain the product.

[0018] Preferably, the binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch and its derivatives, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the dosage of the binder generally accounts for 1% - 5% of the total mass of the materials.

[0019] Among them, the mixed solution of wood vinegar and enzyme bacteria contains wood vinegar liquid and a solution containing enzyme bacteria. Wood vinegar, also known as plant acid or pyroligneous acid, is a liquid by-product generated during the carbonization process of wood or other biomass materials under anaerobic conditions. It is a complex mixture containing various organic compounds such as acetic acid, methanol, phenols, etc. The enzyme bacteria solution refers to the fermentation product containing active microorganisms, and these microorganisms mainly include beneficial microbial communities such as yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria. They produce various enzymes and other metabolites through the fermentation process.

[0020] Preferably, the wood vinegar-enzymatic bacteria solution is mixed in a volume ratio of 3:1 and added by spraying (atomization particle size 10-15 μm). The pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 to maintain the enzyme activity. Wood vinegar can also reduce the pH of saline-alkali soil and promote the release of phosphorus in the soil.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises an enzyme preparation composition and a blended fertilizer;

[0022] The enzyme preparation composition is the enzyme preparation composition described in any of the above embodiments or the enzyme preparation composition prepared by the preparation method;

[0023] The blended fertilizer is composed of 26 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 14 parts by mass of phosphate fertilizer, and 8 parts by mass of potassium fertilizer elements. Among the 26 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer exist in the form of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the remaining 18 parts of nitrogen fertilizer exist in the form of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In this application, the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are calculated based on the net content of the target elements they contain.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of coated urea and resin slow-release nitrogen.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium nitrogen.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme preparation composition and the blended fertilizer are compounded in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0027] Among them, the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, and bone meal (slow-release phosphorus); the potassium fertilizer is at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate.

[0028] (III) Beneficial effects

[0029] The present invention provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which is composed of earthworm kinase, Bacillus subtilis, and humic acid. Earthworm kinase degrades organic matters such as straw into small-molecule humic acid, and Bacillus subtilis uses it as a carbon source for proliferation. At the same time, the organic acids secreted activate phosphatase to achieve the effect of phosphorus solubilization (phosphorus in saline-alkali land exists in a closed state), forming a "substrate supply - microbial metabolism - enzymatic reaction" closed loop. Through the synergistic cooperation of enzyme - bacteria - humic acid, the organic matter content of saline-alkali land increases year by year with the increase of cultivation years. The enzyme preparation composition contains elements such as calcium, zinc, and magnesium. Calcium can replace sodium ions, polyglutamic acid chelates free sodium ions, and the magnesium source antagonizes the inhibition of sodium on magnesium absorption, which is used to reduce the sodium toxicity index and the content of free sodium ions in the saline-alkali land soil. Silicon in the enzyme preparation composition improves the soil structure, increases the stability of soil aggregates, reduces the risk of soil erosion, and enhances the mechanical strength of cell walls. Humic acid and polyglutamic acid not only provide the carbon source required by microorganisms, but also are organic carriers, which can extend the residence time and release time of the nutrients of the enzyme preparation, reduce loss. Polyglutamic acid can also neutralize alkali, lower the pH, adsorb sodium ions in the soil, and avoid the impact of concentrated release / fluctuation of salinity and alkalinity on crops. Polyglutamic acid also plays functions such as water retention, promoting nutrient absorption, improving soil structure, and enhancing crop stress resistance. Together with humic acid, it chelates and fixes metal trace elements, reduces the loss of metal elements, and fixes heavy metal ions, reducing the absorption of heavy metals by crops. Earthworm active protein has good stability and gradually releases amino acids under the action of earthworm kinase activity, avoiding the problems of amino acid loss or mineralization caused by direct use of amino acids.

[0030] In summary, the enzyme preparation composition of the present invention comprehensively improves the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali land soil from aspects such as supplementing high-quality organic matter in the soil, types of nutrient components, reducing sodium ion toxicity, stimulating crop stress resistance, inhibiting soil-borne fungi, stabilizing soil salinity and alkalinity, lowering pH, improving soil aggregate structure and permeability, and extending the retention and release time of nutrients, thereby enhancing the output value of saline-alkali land soil resources. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of the growth of corn seedlings in the control area and the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area of Application Example 2.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a comparison diagram of the corn filling in the control area and the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area of Application Example 2. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] In order to better explain the present invention for easy understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings through specific embodiments.

[0034] The present invention provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which comprises, by mass: 45-55 parts of earthworm kinase, 1.8-2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8-2.2 parts of phosphatase, 4.5-5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5-27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5-5.5 parts of silicon element, 4.5-5.5 parts of calcium element, 2.7-3.3 parts of zinc element, and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium element. Among them, the silicon element is provided in the form of SiO 2 form, the calcium element is provided in the form of CaO, the zinc element is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and the magnesium element is provided in the form of MgO. In the present application, the compounds containing silicon, calcium, zinc and magnesium elements are calculated based on the net content of the target elements they contain.

[0035] The functions that the above components can play in the present invention are as follows:

[0036] Earthworm kinase: decomposes organic matter into humic acid precursors, releases the fixed nitrogen and phosphorus in the saline-alkali soil, and earthworm kinase has high stability and a high degree of activity retention at pH 8.5, breaking the inhibition of enzyme activity caused by high pH.

[0037] Earthworm active protein: can produce antibacterial peptides to inhibit soil-borne fungi such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. Earthworm active protein cooperates with earthworm kinase and Bacillus subtilis to build a "bacteria-enzyme-protein" triple defense line. Earthworm active protein activates the soil microbial community, enhances soil vitality, and provides a slow-release source of amino acids.

[0038] Phosphatase: activates the occluded phosphorus (Ca-P, Fe-P) existing in the saline-alkali soil, and has the best promoting effect on the release of phosphorus in soda saline soil, solving the problem that the saline-alkali soil is rich in phosphorus but cannot be absorbed and utilized by crops.

[0039] Polyglutamic acid: can form a three-dimensional network water-retaining structure (the water-holding capacity of polyglutamic acid can exceed 25%), chelate Na + to reduce ESP (the sodium adsorption ratio SAR drops by more than 40%), and solve the impact of sodium toxicity and sodium concentrated release on crops in inland saline-alkali land.

[0040] Humic acid: Humic acid provides a carbon source for microorganisms, and humic acid is rich in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups and has antioxidant properties, which helps to maintain the stability of earthworm kinase and phosphatase and promote the activity of soil catalase. Humic acid also has a preference for complexing Cd and Pb, which can reduce the absorption of harmful heavy metal elements by crops and help to repair heavy metal contaminated saline-alkali land.

[0041] Bacillus subtilis: Secretes lipopeptide antibiotics and ACC deaminase, alleviating the ethylene toxicity of salt stress to roots; Bacillus subtilis inhibits pathogenic bacteria in a competitive mode, secretes antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, and inhibits the occurrence of soil-borne diseases; Bacillus subtilis has strong adaptability to saline-alkali land and is prone to gradually produce highly salt-tolerant strains due to environmental circulation.

[0042] Silicon (SiO 2 ) : Silicon dioxide helps improve soil structure, increase the stability of soil aggregates, and reduce the risk of soil erosion. When plants absorb silicon dioxide, it can be deposited in cell walls and other tissues to form a protective film, which can enhance the resistance of plants to external environmental stresses (such as drought and salt damage). Especially for crops on saline-alkali land, silicon dioxide can help reduce the impact of salt stress on plants and improve the salt tolerance of crops. After plants absorb silicon, the cell walls can be silicified, enhancing the lodging resistance and insect bite resistance of crops. Although silicon dioxide itself is neutral, it can indirectly help regulate soil pH by affecting the ion exchange balance in the soil, thus alleviating the high pH problem of saline-alkali land and creating a microenvironment more suitable for the growth of most crops. Silicon dioxide can promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. by plants and reduce the toxic effects of high levels of iron and manganese elements. An appropriate amount of silicon dioxide can also inhibit the growth and reproduction of certain soil pathogenic bacteria and reduce the occurrence probability of soil-borne diseases.

[0043] Calcium (CaO): Replaces exchangeable sodium ions, promotes the formation of soil aggregates (> 0.25 mm aggregates), improves soil granular structure, enhances soil permeability, and increases the germination rate of crop seeds. It has a significant improvement effect on soda saline-alkali land (pH 8.5 - 9.0).

[0044] Zinc (CaO): Activates carbonic anhydrase (CA), alleviates zinc deficiency chlorosis caused by high pH, increases the chlorophyll SPAD value in crops, and corrects typical zinc deficiency symptoms in saline-alkali land (such as white seedling disease in corn).

[0045] Magnesium (MgO): Stabilizes the activity of RuBisCO enzyme (enhances the photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants), prevents interveinal chlorosis caused by magnesium deficiency; The solubility of magnesium oxide is very low (0.0086 g / 100 ml at 25 °C), and it slowly releases Mg2+, avoiding excessive local concentration and having an antagonistic inhibitory effect on the absorption of high Na + .

[0046] The following synergistic cooperation effects are formed among the above components:

[0047] As the matrix component with the highest proportion, lumbrokinase forms a complementary enzyme system with phosphatase. Lumbrokinase releases carbon and nitrogen sources by lysing the refractory organic matter in saline soil; phosphatase hydrolyzes organic phosphorus compounds to solve the common phosphorus fixation problem in saline-alkali land. As an enzyme stabilizer, polyglutamic acid protects the enzyme active center from the toxicity of high-concentration metal ions in saline-alkali land and reduces the concentration of free sodium ions in the soil through its multi-carboxyl structure chelating heavy metal ions.

[0048] Earthworm active protein and Bacillus subtilis constitute a signal response mechanism. The lipopeptide substances in earthworm protein act as quorum sensing signal molecules to activate the spore germination and colonization of Bacillus subtilis. Metabolites such as IAA and ACC deaminase secreted by Bacillus subtilis synergistically promote plant root development with the epidermal growth factor in earthworm protein. Humic acid provides high-quality carbon sources for the microbial population last year. Its porous structure adsorbs and slowly releases small organic acids to maintain the continuous metabolic activity of rhizosphere microorganisms.

[0049] Silicon element and polyglutamic acid form a nanoscale silicon-polysaccharide complex to build a three-dimensional network scaffold in soil pores, reducing soil bulk density. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of silicon dioxide crosslink with calcium elements to enhance the stability of soil aggregates and increase the number of water-stable aggregates; thereby, the soil can be made loose and breathable, and the soil physical structure can be improved.

[0050] Magnesium ions displace sodium ions on soil colloids through competitive adsorption. Zinc ions activate the NHX antiporter on the plant vacuole membrane to strengthen the intracellular Na + compartmentalization ability. The carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups of humic acid fix Cl - through coordination bonds to reduce salt toxicity.

[0051] Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis promotes the expression of the plant SOS1 gene and strengthens the efflux of Na+ in crops; metallothionein in earthworm active protein induces plants to synthesize proline, and silicon element enhances cell wall lignification to improve lodging resistance.

[0052] Polyglutamic acid and humic acid can quickly improve soil water-holding capacity and create activation conditions for the enzyme-fungus system. Lumbrokinase and phosphatase continuously decompose organic matter and cooperate with calcium and silicon elements to form stable aggregates. Bacillus subtilis forms a dominant bacterial community to regulate the balance of soil microecology through quorum sensing. The viscous property of polyglutamic acid delays the diffusion of components to ensure the uniform distribution of the enzyme-fungus system in the plough layer.

[0053] The weak acidity of humic acid (pH 4.5 - 5.5) forms a dynamic equilibrium with the alkaline neutralization ability of calcium and silicon elements, stabilizing the soil pH value in the range of 6.8 - 7.5. The fulvic acid produced by the decomposition of earthworm kinase serves as a carbon source for Bacillus subtilis, and the nucleic acid released after the lysis of the bacterial cells becomes a nitrogen source for the synthesis of earthworm protein. The ratio of Ca:Si:Zn is 1:1:0.6. Compared with other ratios, this ratio is more conducive to reducing the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil.

[0054] Earthworm active protein is an active polypeptide complex (molecular weight 3 - 15 kDa) extracted from earthworm coelomic fluid. It is necessary to retain its natural biological activity through bionic digestion enzymolysis technology, showing obvious differences from conventional plant / microbial enzyme preparations. Currently, earthworm active protein is mostly used as a cosmetic additive. Earthworm active protein can well activate enzymes and is also a plant signal inducer (inducing the synthesis of flavonoid stress-resistant substances). It can adsorb clay particles through its hydrophobic end, so it can be used as a soil colloid stabilizer. Currently, the common phosphatase is acid phosphatase (optimum pH 4.5 - 6.0), which is inhibited in saline-alkali soil. The perphosphatase can tolerate a pH environment of ≥8.5. It not only hydrolyzes organic phosphorus but also catalyzes the lattice reconstruction of insoluble phosphates such as Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 etc., maintaining the phosphorus availability in the high-calcium environment of saline-alkali soil and forming a dynamic equilibrium combination of phosphorus dissolution - phosphorus fixation with humic acid. The inositol hexaphosphate produced by the decomposition of organic matter by earthworm kinase happens to be the optimal substrate for perphosphatase. The phosphate radical in the enzymolysis reaction product combines with calcium element to form CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O colloid, which can adsorb a large amount of free Na in the soil + . The combined use of earthworm active protein, earthworm kinase - perphosphatase - humic acid is the first innovation of the present invention.

[0055] The enzyme preparation composition of the present invention realizes a systematic solution for saline-alkali soil improvement from short-term physical and chemical repair to long-term ecological reconstruction by constructing a quadruple synergistic mechanism of "enzymatic transformation - microbial metabolism - physical repair - chemical regulation", breaking through the technical problems of traditional modifiers such as single function, difficulty in maintaining the ecological balance of the microenvironment, easy loss and short effective period, and showing a unique improvement effect especially on moderately and severely saline-alkali soil.

[0056] The following is further illustrated in combination with specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that in the following embodiments, the compounds containing silicon, calcium, zinc and magnesium elements are calculated based on the net content of the target elements they contain. Nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are calculated based on the net content of the target elements they contain.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This embodiment provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which contains, by mass percentage: 50% of earthworm kinase, 2% of earthworm active protein, 2% of phosphatase, 5% of polyglutamic acid, 25% of humic acid, 2% of Bacillus subtilis, 5% of silicon element, 5% of calcium element, 3% of zinc element, and 1% of magnesium element. Among them, the silicon element is provided in the form of SiO 2 form, the calcium element is provided in the form of CaO, the zinc element is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and the magnesium element is provided in the form of MgO.

[0059] The preparation method of the enzyme preparation composition is as follows: The above raw materials are compounded to obtain a solid mixture, and then the wood vinegar-enzymatic bacteria liquid is mixed at a volume ratio of 3:1, and 2% (calculated based on the mass of the solid mixture) of PVA is added as a granulation binder, and it is spray-added to the solid mixture. After granulation by a granulator, it is dried under flowing hot air at 40°C to remove excess moisture, and then packaged to obtain the enzyme preparation composition.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which contains, by mass percentage: 55% of earthworm kinase, 1.8% of earthworm active protein, 1.8% of phosphatase, 4.5% of polyglutamic acid, 22.5% of humic acid, 1.8% of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5% of silicon element, 4.5% of calcium element, 2.7% of zinc element, and 0.9% of magnesium element. Among them, the silicon element is provided in the form of SiO 2 form, the calcium element is provided in the form of CaO, the zinc element is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and the magnesium element is provided in the form of MgO.

[0062] The preparation method of the enzyme preparation composition is as follows: The above raw materials are compounded to obtain a solid mixture, and then the wood vinegar-enzymatic bacteria liquid is mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1, and 2% (calculated based on the mass of the solid mixture) of PVA is added as a granulation binder, and it is spray-added to the solid mixture. After granulation by a granulator, it is dried under flowing hot air at 40°C to remove excess moisture, and then packaged to obtain the enzyme preparation composition.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment provides an enzyme preparation composition for improving the soil fertility of saline-alkali land, which contains, by mass percentage: 45% of earthworm kinase, 2.2% of earthworm active protein, 2.2% of phosphatase, 5.5% of polyglutamic acid, 27.5% of humic acid, 2.2% of Bacillus subtilis, 5.5% of silicon element, 5.5% of calcium element, 3.3% of zinc element, and 1.1% of magnesium element. Among them, the silicon element is provided in the form of SiO 2 form, the calcium element is provided in the form of CaO, the zinc element is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and the magnesium element is provided in the form of MgO.

[0065] The preparation method of the enzyme preparation composition is as follows: The above raw materials are compounded to obtain a solid mixture. Then, the wood vinegar-enzymatic bacteria liquid is mixed at a volume ratio of 1:2, and 1.5% (calculated based on the mass of the solid mixture) of CMC is added as a granulation binder, which is spray-added to the solid mixture. After granulation by a granulator, it is dried under hot air flowing at 40°C to remove excess moisture, and then packaged to obtain the enzyme preparation composition.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phytase in Example 1 is replaced with an equal amount of "phytase" (acid phosphatase). Other steps and conditions refer to Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the earthworm active protein in Example 1 is replaced with an equal amount of fish protein. Other steps and conditions refer to Example 1.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] The enzyme preparation compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for saline-alkali land improvement experiments. The saline-alkali land was the demonstration base in Xingfu Village, Lüqiao Town, Huanghua City, and the salt content of the soil (30 cm from the ground surface) was 2‰ - 3‰. The test time was in May 2024. Three plots were set up (1 test plot and 2 control plots), and each plot had an area of 10㎡. In the test plot, 20 kg per mu of the enzyme preparation composition of Example 1 was evenly applied to the soil at a depth of 0 - 30 cm, and in the control plots, 20 kg per mu of the enzyme preparation compositions of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were evenly applied to the soil at the position of 0 - 30 cm. In September 2024, soil samples were taken from the three plots to detect the physical and chemical properties of the soil (at a depth of 0 - 30 cm). The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] The activity of catalase in the soil is used to evaluate the biological activity and health status of the soil. The unit "ml / g / 20min" of the catalase content or activity refers to the rate at which catalase in each gram of soil can decompose to produce 1 ml of oxygen per minute under specific conditions. The measurement time is usually 20 minutes, so it is expressed as ml (oxygen) / g (soil) / 20min.

[0073] Table 1: Effects of improving saline-alkali land soil using different enzyme preparation compositions

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, about 4 months after applying the enzyme preparation composition of Example 1 of the present invention and the enzyme preparation compositions of Comparative Examples 1-2 to saline-alkali soil, all the physical and chemical indexes of the saline-alkali soil have been significantly improved. The enzyme preparation composition of Example 1 shows the best performance in terms of improving the catalase activity, available phosphorus content, soil aggregate structure and permeability of the saline-alkali soil. Although in Comparative Example 1 only the type of phosphorus-dissolving enzyme was changed, since the phosphorus fixed in the saline-alkali soil could not be fully released, it also affected the continuous metabolic activity of the microbial population in the soil. Therefore, the improvement of the organic matter content and soil permeability was also affected. After replacing the earthworm active protein with ordinary fish protein in Comparative Example 2, the soil biological activity and soil structure decreased. This shows that the earthworm active protein has obvious advantages over fish protein in improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] This example provides an enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which is composed of the enzyme preparation composition of Example 1 and the blended fertilizer compounded at a mass ratio of 1:1. The blended fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 26-14-8 (controlled 8N). Specifically, calculated by the target elements contained, the blended fertilizer contains 18 parts by mass of quick-acting nitrogen, 8 parts by mass of controlled-release nitrogen, 14 parts by mass of phosphorus and 8 parts by mass of potassium. The quick-acting nitrogen is provided by urea, and the controlled-release nitrogen is provided by sulfur-based coated urea ( sulfur-based controlled-release fertilizer), the phosphorus is provided by superphosphate, and the potassium is provided by potassium nitrate.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] This example provides an enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which is composed of the enzyme preparation composition of Example 2 and the blended fertilizer compounded at a mass ratio of 1:1. The blended fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 26-14-8 (controlled 8N). Specifically, calculated by the target elements contained, the blended fertilizer contains 18 parts by mass of quick-acting nitrogen, 8 parts by mass of controlled-release nitrogen, 14 parts by mass of phosphorus and 8 parts by mass of potassium. The quick-acting nitrogen is provided by urea, and the controlled-release nitrogen is provided by bio-based coated urea ( B80, modified corn straw cellulose + lignin coated fertilizer), the phosphorus is provided by superphosphate, and the potassium is provided by potassium nitrate.

[0080] Application Example 1

[0081] On June 10, 2024, the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and Hebei Hehui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (the applicant company) organized and invited relevant experts to form a detection team to conduct an on-site inspection of the application effect of a new biological enzyme preparation developed by the Millet Research Institute of the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in the project "Key Technologies for Green and Efficient Fertilization of Millet in the Pilot Project of the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses System of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HBNKY-BGZ-02-ZDGG-05)", and carried out field actual measurement and yield collection in accordance with the "Measures for Yield Measurement in High-yield Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs". The demonstration base is located in Xingfu Village, Lüqiao Town, Huanghua City, with a soil salt content of 2‰ - 3‰, wheat variety "Cangmai 6002", sowing date on October 18, row spacing of 17 cm, and seeding rate of 15 kg / mu. Two treatments were set up: a conventional fertilization area (control area) and an enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area.

[0082] Conventional fertilization area: Apply 30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 26:14:6, controlled release of 8N) as base fertilizer, and top-dress 20 kg / mu of urea. Spray the foliar fertilizer "Mai Dongli" once each during the jointing, heading, and filling stages.

[0083] Enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area: Apply 25 g / mu of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 26:14:6, controlled release of 8N) and 20 kg / mu of enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer as base fertilizer, and top-dress 10 kg / mu of urea. Spray the foliar fertilizer "Mai Dongli" once each during the jointing, heading, and filling stages.

[0084] Cost comparison: The enzyme preparation fertilization area reduced the application of compound fertilizer by 5 kg (20 yuan) and urea by 10 kg (24 yuan) per mu compared with the conventional fertilization area, and increased the application of 20 kg (80 yuan) of enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer and enzyme fertilizer. The total additional investment per mu was 36 yuan.

[0085] Results of actual measurement and yield collection: Randomly select representative plots, measure the actual harvested area, harvest with a Lovol grain combine harvester, weigh the fresh weight of the grains, and use a Kett grain moisture meter to measure the moisture content, and convert it to the weight at a standard moisture content of 13%. The actual harvested area of the control area (conventional fertilization area) was 3.19 mu, the fresh weight of the grains was 860 kg, the moisture content was 17.88%, and the yield per mu after conversion to the standard moisture content (13%) was 254.2 kg. The actual harvested area of the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area was 3.01 mu, the fresh weight of the grains was 1140 kg, the moisture content was 19.15%, and the yield per mu after conversion to the standard moisture content (13%) was 351.6 kg. The enzyme preparation fertilization area had a 97.4 kg higher yield per mu than the control area, with an increase rate of 38.31%; calculated at 2.5 yuan / kg for dry-alkali wheat, the new biological enzyme preparation demonstration field had an additional income of 207.5 yuan per mu.

[0086] Compared with the control area (conventional fertilization area), the wheat grain quality in the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area also improved significantly, as shown in Table 2:

[0087] Table 2:

[0088]

[0089] Application Example 2

[0090] Set up two treatments: a conventional fertilization area (control area) and an enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area under the same conditions as in Application Example 1, except that wheat is replaced by corn. See Figure 1 As shown, the same variety is planted in the conventional fertilization area (control area) and the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area, sown on the same day. The corn seedlings (left in the figure) from the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area have well-developed capillary roots, an earlier emergence time, and greater plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter than the corn seedlings in the control area (right in the figure); the chlorophyll content of the corn seedlings on the left is measured by an instrument to be 3.6 mg / g FW (fresh weight), while the chlorophyll content of the corn seedlings on the right is only 3.0 mg / g FW. This shows that the physiological activity of the corn on the left is higher.

[0091] Figure 2 For the heading and filling of corn in the control area and the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area, the corn (left in the figure) from the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer area has completed filling, while the corn in the control area (right in the figure) has just started to head. The former is superior to the corn in the control area in terms of indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and root development.

[0092] In addition, in the Gaocheng saline-alkali land demonstration base in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, the millet planted with the enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer of the present invention was subjected to amino acid detection and converted into protein content, and the protein content reached 12.56%; while the protein content of the millet in the control area was 9.55%.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements, or in the case where the technical features in the above embodiments do not conflict with each other, can be combined in the manner recorded in the embodiments, and these modifications, replacements or combinations do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An enzyme preparation composition for improving saline-alkali soil fertility, characterized in that: Contains, by mass: 45-55 parts of lumbrokinase, 1.8-2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8-2.2 parts of perphosphatase, 4.5-5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5-27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5-5.5 parts of silicon, 4.5-5.5 parts of calcium, 2.7-3.3 parts of zinc, and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium.

2. The enzyme preparation composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: Silicon is provided in the form of SiO2, calcium is provided in the form of CaO, zinc is provided in the form of zinc sulfate, and magnesium is provided in the form of MgO.

3. The enzyme preparation composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation composition comprises 50 parts by mass of lumbrokinase, 2 parts by mass of earthworm active protein, 2 parts by mass of perphosphatase, 5 parts by mass of polyglutamic acid, 25 parts by mass of humic acid, 2 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis, 5 parts by mass of silicon, 5 parts by mass of calcium, 3 parts by mass of zinc and 1 part by mass of magnesium.

4. The enzyme preparation composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation composition also contains wood vinegar and enzyme bacteria.

5. A method for preparing an enzyme preparation composition for improving saline-alkali soil fertility, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Weigh the following ingredients in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of lumbrokinase, 1.8-2.2 parts of earthworm active protein, 1.8-2.2 parts of perphosphatase, 4.5-5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, 22.5-27.5 parts of humic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4.5-5.5 parts of silicon, 4.5-5.5 parts of calcium, 2.7-3.3 parts of zinc, and 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium; S2. Compound and mix the above raw materials, add the mixed solution of wood vinegar and enzyme bacteria, add a binder to granulate, and pack to obtain the product.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adhesive is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch and its derivatives, and polyvinyl alcohol. The amount of the adhesive usually accounts for 1%-5% of the total material mass.

7. An enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: It comprises an enzyme preparation composition and a blended fertilizer; The enzyme preparation composition is the enzyme preparation composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the enzyme preparation composition prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 6; The blended fertilizer consists of 26 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 14 parts by mass of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8 parts by mass of potassium fertilizer elements. Among the 26 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer are in the form of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, and the remaining 18 parts of nitrogen fertilizer are in the form of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.

8. The enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controlled nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of coated urea and resin slow-release nitrogen.

9. The enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium nitrogen.

10. The enzyme preparation controlled-release blended fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation composition and the blended fertilizer are compounded in a mass ratio of 1:1.

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