Integrated fuel supply and injection system for ammonia-hydrogen hybrid

Abstract

The application discloses an integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion, which comprises a fuel supply system, a fuel injection ignition system and an ECU. The fuel supply system is composed of ammonia and hydrogen cylinders, regulating valves, storage tanks and booster pumps; the fuel injection ignition system comprises liquid ammonia and hydrogen high-pressure common rails, ammonia-hydrogen integrated injectors, hydrogen flow controllers and spark plugs. The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector is provided with a liquid ammonia needle valve and an ammonia-hydrogen needle valve, an annular hydrogen cavity is designed on the periphery of an ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber and hydrogen is injected through a porous injector, so that hydrogen is fused into liquid ammonia in the form of nanometer bubbles to form ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel. The ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve, the hydrogen flow controller and the ammonia-hydrogen needle valve through sensor signals, regulates and controls single / dual fuel, ammonia / hydrogen mixing ratio, injection pressure, injection amount and injection time, and controls ignition. The system supports ammonia-hydrogen premixed injection and pure hydrogen injection, improves the uniformity of the mixed gas, improves the ignition performance of ammonia fuel, enhances the combustion stability, and improves the engine power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal energy and power engineering testing technology, specifically to the field of fuel supply and injection for internal combustion engines based on ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia, as the world's second-largest industrially synthesized substance, boasts well-developed industrial infrastructure. Furthermore, ammonia offers significant advantages as a carbon-neutral fuel for internal combustion engines. It possesses a higher volumetric energy density than methane and hydrogen, is easily liquefied, and is convenient to store and transport. However, the application of ammonia in internal combustion engines still faces considerable challenges. Ammonia has a high auto-ignition temperature, a high minimum ignition energy, a narrow combustible range, and a slow flame propagation speed. Pure ammonia exhibits poor combustion stability in internal combustion engines, with significant cycle variations. Therefore, ammonia is typically blended with other fuels. Hydrogen, as a zero-carbon fuel, possesses a higher flame propagation speed and a wider combustible range, and is often blended with ammonia to improve engine operating stability.

[0003] Most existing ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply systems employ either port ammonia injection and direct hydrogen injection, or dual-cylinder direct injection of both ammonia and hydrogen. With port ammonia injection and direct hydrogen injection, liquid ammonia rapidly turns into gas after entering the intake manifold, reducing charging efficiency and consequently lowering engine output power. Dual-cylinder direct injection uses two injectors, requiring two injector mounting holes on the cylinder head, increasing equipment complexity and reducing mechanical strength and rigidity due to the increased number of openings. Independent injection of ammonia and hydrogen also causes uneven distribution of the in-cylinder mixture, affecting combustion stability. Furthermore, the small size, high diffusivity, and embrittlement properties of hydrogen molecules make them prone to leakage. In high-pressure systems, this risk of hydrogen leakage is exacerbated. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion, which can realize ammonia-hydrogen premixed injection and hydrogen single-fuel injection, adapt to changes in engine operating conditions, improve the uniformity of in-cylinder mixture, solve the problem of difficult ammonia ignition, improve combustion stability, reduce equipment complexity, and increase engine output power.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes an integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion, including a fuel supply system, a fuel injection ignition system and an electronic control system;

[0006] The fuel supply system includes an ammonia cylinder and a hydrogen cylinder. The ammonia cylinder is connected to a liquid ammonia storage tank via an ammonia regulating valve. The liquid ammonia storage tank contains a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen booster pump, and a liquid ammonia booster pump. The hydrogen cylinder is connected to the hydrogen storage tank via a hydrogen regulating valve. The fuel injection ignition system includes a liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail, a hydrogen high-pressure common rail, an integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector, a hydrogen flow controller, and a spark plug. The liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail is equipped with a liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve and a liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor. The hydrogen high-pressure common rail is equipped with a hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve and a hydrogen rail pressure sensor.

[0007] The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector includes an injector body with a liquid ammonia inlet at the top. Within the injector body, from the liquid ammonia inlet downwards along the axial direction, are a liquid ammonia pipe, a liquid ammonia injection port, an ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber, an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel chamber, a swirling nozzle, a stirring and cutting chamber, a guide chamber, and an injection port. A liquid ammonia needle valve is installed within the liquid ammonia pipe, above the liquid ammonia injection port. A liquid ammonia needle valve spring is located at the top of the liquid ammonia needle valve, and a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil is surrounded by the liquid ammonia needle valve. The liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil has electrical control lines leading out to the outside of the injector body. An annular hydrogen chamber is located on the injector body at the same height as the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber. A hydrogen inlet communicating with the hydrogen chamber is located on the side wall of the injector body. Multiple hydrogen injection ports are located between the hydrogen chamber and the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber. The hydrogen injection ports form a 90° angle with the liquid ammonia injection ports.

[0008] The mixing and cutting chamber is equipped with helical blades and multiple mixing and cutting columns. A mixing and cutting chamber pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the mixing and cutting chamber. The mixing and cutting chamber pressure sensor has a line leading out to the outside of the injector body. The bottom of the mixing and cutting chamber transitions from a conical cavity to the guide cavity. An ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve is installed in the guide cavity. The structure of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve is the same as that of the liquid ammonia needle valve.

[0009] The pump outlet of the liquid ammonia booster pump is connected to the fuel inlet of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail, and the liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank; the fuel outlet of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector.

[0010] The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the fuel inlet of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail via the hydrogen booster pump, and the hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve is connected to the hydrogen storage tank; the fuel outlet of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector via the hydrogen flow controller.

[0011] The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector and spark plug are installed on the combustion chamber of the engine or on the pre-combustion chamber, which is installed on the cylinder head of the engine.

[0012] The liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor, hydrogen rail pressure sensor, liquid ammonia booster pump, hydrogen booster pump, liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve, hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve, ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector, hydrogen flow controller, and spark plug are all connected to the electronic control system (ECU). The ECU receives signals from the liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor and the hydrogen rail pressure sensor, controls the liquid ammonia booster pump, hydrogen booster pump, liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve, hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve, ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector, hydrogen flow controller, and spark plug, regulates the injection pressure, ammonia / hydrogen mixing ratio, injection quantity, and injection timing of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector, and controls the spark plug ignition.

[0013] Furthermore, in the integrated fuel supply and injection system of the present invention:

[0014] The liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail is used to provide ammonia fuel at 30 MPa, and the hydrogen high-pressure common rail is used to provide hydrogen fuel at 30 MPa.

[0015] A helical blade support column is fixed on the side wall of the injector body at the location of the helical blade, and the helical blade is fixed on the helical blade support column. The plurality of stirring and cutting columns are fixed on the side wall of the injector body around the helical blade.

[0016] The top of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve is provided with an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve spring, and an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel electromagnetic coil is surrounded on the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel electromagnetic coil is provided with an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel electromagnetic coil control line leading out to the outside of the injector body.

[0017] The ECU receives signals from the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail and the hydrogen high-pressure common rail, maintaining the common rail pressure at the target value. When the rail pressure is lower than the required injection pressure, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia booster pump and the hydrogen booster pump to work and pressurize the ammonia fuel and hydrogen fuel respectively. When the rail pressure is higher than the required injection pressure, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve and the hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve to open, depressurizing the common rail, allowing ammonia to enter the liquid ammonia storage tank and hydrogen to enter the hydrogen storage tank.

[0018] The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector consists of a liquid ammonia supply section, a hydrogen supply section, an ammonia-hydrogen mixing section, and an ammonia-hydrogen injection section. The liquid ammonia supply section consists of a liquid ammonia inlet, a liquid ammonia needle valve spring, a liquid ammonia needle valve, a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil, and a liquid ammonia injection port. The hydrogen supply section consists of a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen chamber, and a hydrogen injection port. The ammonia-hydrogen mixing section consists of an ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber, an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel chamber, a swirling nozzle, a stirring and cutting column in a stirring and cutting chamber, and spiral blades. The ammonia-hydrogen injection section consists of a guide chamber and an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve. The ECU controls the opening duration of the liquid ammonia needle valve and the opening duration of the hydrogen flow controller to control the amount of ammonia fuel and hydrogen fuel, achieving mixing of ammonia and hydrogen in the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber, with the ammonia / hydrogen blending ratio continuously variable. Subsequently, the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel or hydrogen fuel alone is injected into the engine or pre-combustion chamber. The ECU controls the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve according to the engine operating conditions to adjust the injection quantity and injection timing of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel or hydrogen fuel alone.

[0019] The ECU controls the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector to operate in either single-fuel or dual-fuel injection mode based on engine operating conditions. During a cold start, the ECU closes the liquid ammonia needle valve and opens the hydrogen flow controller, supplying only hydrogen fuel. This hydrogen fuel promotes engine ignition and increases engine temperature. When the engine reaches normal operating temperature, the ECU opens the liquid ammonia needle valve and hydrogen flow controller, continuously adjusting the duration of these openings based on engine operating conditions to achieve real-time changes in the ammonia / hydrogen mixture ratio, ensuring stable and efficient combustion.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) The present invention arranges the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen booster pump and the liquid ammonia booster pump in the liquid ammonia storage tank, which can effectively prevent ammonia and hydrogen from leaking into the environment and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0022] (2) The present invention designs an integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector, which realizes the melting of hydrogen in liquid ammonia in the form of nanobubbles to generate ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel. The ammonia / hydrogen mixing ratio is continuously adjustable, which simplifies the fuel supply equipment and improves the uniformity of ammonia and hydrogen mixing.

[0023] (3) In this invention, the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector can achieve two operating modes: hydrogen single-fuel injection mode and ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel premixed injection mode. The hydrogen single-fuel injection mode is suitable for the engine cold start phase, solving the problem of difficult cold starts. The ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel premixed injection mode is used during the engine stable operation phase, enabling efficient engine operation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fuel supply and injection system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another installation method for the central injector, spark plug, and engine;

[0026] Figure 3 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector in this invention;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the section shown in AA.

[0028] In the picture:

[0029] 1-Ammonia cylinder 2-Hydrogen cylinder 3-Ammonia regulating valve

[0030] 4-Hydrogen regulating valve; 5-Liquid ammonia storage tank; 6-Hydrogen storage tank

[0031] 7-Hydrogen booster pump; 8-Liquid ammonia booster pump; 9-Hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve

[0032] 10-Hydrogen high-pressure common rail; 11-Hydrogen rail pressure sensor; 12-Liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve

[0033] 13-Liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail; 14-Liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor; 15-Integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector

[0034] 16-Spark plug 17-Engine 18-Hydrogen flow controller

[0035] 19-Pre-combustion chamber; 1501-Liquid ammonia inlet; 1502-Hydrogen inlet

[0036] 1503 - Injector body; 1504 - Liquid ammonia needle valve spring; 1505 - Liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil

[0037] 1506 - Liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil control wire; 1507 - Liquid ammonia needle valve; 1508 - Stirring and cutting chamber pressure sensor wire

[0038] 1509 - Liquid ammonia injection port; 1510 - Hydrogen chamber; 1511 - Hydrogen injection port

[0039] 1512-Ammonia-Hydrogen Mixing Chamber; 1513-Ammonia-Hydrogen Fusion Fuel Chamber; 1514-Swirl Nozzle

[0040] 1515 - Stirring and cutting column; 1516 - Stirring and cutting chamber; 1517 - Spiral blade

[0041] 1518-Pressure sensor for stirring and cutting chamber; 1519-Flow guide chamber

[0042] 1520-Ammonia-Hydrogen Fuel Electromagnetic Coil Control Line

[0043] 1521-Ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve; 1522-Helical blade support column Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention provides a design concept for an integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion. During cold start, hydrogen fuel is supplied only to the injector. The electromagnetically controlled injector allows for precise control of the gaseous fuel injection, thus solving the problem of difficult ignition during cold starts. When the temperature reaches normal operating temperature, liquid ammonia is supplied to the injector's liquid ammonia inlet. High-speed injection of liquid ammonia inside the injector introduces gaseous hydrogen, utilizing the strong shearing effect of the liquid ammonia injection to generate hydrogen nanobubbles. The gaseous hydrogen dissolves in the liquid ammonia in the form of nanobubbles, and the resulting ammonia-hydrogen fusion liquid fuel is injected into the cylinder by an electromagnetic needle valve at the bottom of the injector. The electromagnetic control of the injector also allows for precise control of the liquid fuel injection, improving engine charging efficiency and output power. Simultaneously, a hydrogen booster pump, a hydrogen storage tank, and a liquid ammonia booster pump are placed inside the liquid ammonia storage tank to pressurize and supply fuel. If high-pressure hydrogen or ammonia leaks, it can be recovered from the liquid ammonia storage tank. This design prevents fuel leakage into the atmosphere and improves equipment safety.

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are by no means intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes an integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion, mainly composed of a fuel supply system, a fuel injection ignition system, and an ECU. The fuel supply system consists of an ammonia fuel supply system and a hydrogen fuel supply system. The ammonia fuel supply system includes an ammonia cylinder 1, an ammonia regulating valve 3 at the cylinder outlet, a liquid ammonia storage tank 5, and a liquid ammonia booster pump 8. The outlet of the ammonia cylinder 1 is connected to the inlet of the ammonia regulating valve 3, and the outlet of the ammonia regulating valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank 5. The liquid ammonia booster pump 8 is located inside the liquid ammonia storage tank 5. The hydrogen fuel supply system includes a hydrogen cylinder 2, a hydrogen regulating valve 4 at the cylinder outlet, a hydrogen storage tank 6, and a hydrogen booster pump 7. The outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 2 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen regulating valve 4, the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 6, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 6 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen booster pump 7. The hydrogen storage tank 6 and the hydrogen booster pump 7 are located inside the liquid ammonia storage tank 5.

[0047] The fuel injection ignition system includes a hydrogen high-pressure common rail 10, a liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail 13, an integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15, a spark plug 16, and a hydrogen flow controller 18. The outlet of the liquid ammonia booster pump 8 is connected to the fuel inlet A of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail 13, and the fuel outlet B of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail 13 is connected to the ammonia inlet of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15. The outlet of the hydrogen booster pump 7 is connected to the fuel inlet C of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail 10, the fuel outlet D of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail 10 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen flow controller 18, and the outlet of the hydrogen flow controller 18 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 1502 of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15. Ammonia and hydrogen are mixed inside the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 or hydrogen is supplied independently before being injected into the combustion chamber of the engine 17. Figure 2 The spark plug 16 ignites the spark plug in the pre-combustion chamber 19 shown.

[0048] The ECU can change the injection pressure, ammonia / ammonia mixing ratio, total fuel injection quantity, injection timing, spark plug ignition, and operating mode of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15. The hydrogen rail pressure sensor 11 and the liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor 14 are connected to the ECU, transmitting hydrogen and ammonia pressure signals to the ECU respectively. Based on the target pressure value, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia booster pump 8 and the hydrogen booster pump 7 to pressurize the fuel. When pressure relief is needed, the ECU controls the hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve 9 and the liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve 12 to open for pressure relief. The hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve 9 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 6, allowing hydrogen to enter the hydrogen storage tank 6 during pressure relief. The liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve 12 is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank 5, allowing ammonia to enter the liquid ammonia storage tank 5 during pressure relief. The ECU controls the opening and closing states of the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to achieve two different fuel injection modes for the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15. During cold start, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 to close and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to open, and the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 operates in hydrogen-only injection mode to ensure rapid start-up. When the temperature reaches the normal operating temperature, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to open, and the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 operates in ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel injection mode to achieve efficient and stable operation. The ECU controls the opening duration of the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to change the ammonia / hydrogen mixing ratio, and controls the opening time and duration of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve 1521 to change the injection timing and total injection quantity. The ECU controls the spark plug 16 to change the ignition timing.

[0049] Figure 2 for Figure 1 In another embodiment, the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector 15, spark plug 16 and engine 17 are installed on the pre-combustion chamber 19, and the pre-combustion chamber 19 is installed on the cylinder head of the engine 17.

[0050] Figure 3 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 in this invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector 15 consists of a liquid ammonia supply section, a hydrogen supply section, an ammonia-hydrogen mixing section, and an ammonia-hydrogen injection section. The liquid ammonia supply section consists of a liquid ammonia inlet 1501, an injector body 1503, a liquid ammonia needle valve spring 1504, a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil 1505, a liquid ammonia needle valve 1507, and a liquid ammonia injection port 1509. The liquid ammonia injection port 1509 is a single-hole structure, which can realize high-speed injection of liquid ammonia. The hydrogen supply section consists of a hydrogen inlet 1502, a hydrogen chamber 1510, and a hydrogen injection port 1511. The hydrogen chamber 1510 is an annular space, and multiple radial hydrogen injection ports 1511 are provided between the hydrogen chamber 1510 and the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512, i.e., the hydrogen injection ports 1511 form a 90° angle with the liquid ammonia injection port 1509. The hydrogen chamber 1510 provides constant-pressure hydrogen to the nozzles of the multiple hydrogen injection ports 1511. The ammonia-hydrogen mixing section comprises an ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512, an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel chamber 1513, a swirling nozzle 1514, a stirring and cutting column 1515 within a stirring and cutting chamber 1516, a spiral blade 1517 within the stirring and cutting chamber 1516, and a stirring and cutting chamber pressure sensor 1518. The swirling nozzle 1514 injects the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel into the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 at high speed in a spiral pattern. The spiral blade 1517, consisting of four blades located in the center of the stirring and cutting chamber 1516, ensures that the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel moves in a spiral state within the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 towards the guide cavity 1519. During this movement, the fusion fuel continuously impacts the stirring and cutting column 1515, generating smaller nanobubbles. The head of the stirring and cutting column 1515 has a conical structure, maximizing the area of ​​cutting and impacting the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel. To ensure that ammonia and hydrogen are injected into the stirring and cutting chamber 1516, a stirring and cutting chamber pressure sensor 1518 detects the pressure in the stirring and cutting chamber 1516, maintaining the pressure in the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 at 15 MPa, which has a large pressure difference with the injection pressure of ammonia and hydrogen at 30 MPa. The ammonia-hydrogen injection section consists of a flow guide chamber 1519 and an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve 1521.

[0051] The liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil 1505, the stirring and cutting chamber pressure sensor 1518, and the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel electromagnetic coil are respectively provided with liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil control line 1506, stirring and cutting chamber pressure sensor line 1508, and ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel electromagnetic coil control line 1520 leading out to the outside of the injector body 1503. All of the above control lines are connected to the ECU.

[0052] The ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 to inject liquid ammonia into the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512 through the liquid ammonia injection port 1509, and controls the hydrogen flow controller 18 to inject hydrogen into the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512 through the hydrogen injection port 1511. The liquid ammonia injection port 1509 and the hydrogen injection port 1511 are at a 90° angle, which is beneficial for the liquid ammonia to form a high shear force with the hydrogen when injected at high speed. The mixed hydrogen and liquid ammonia generate ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel rich in hydrogen nanobubbles. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel is then cut and impacted by the stirring and cutting column 1515 in the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 to generate smaller nanobubbles and maintain a stable state. Finally, it is supplied to the injector guide chamber 1519. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve 1521 controls the injection of ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel into the cylinder. The ECU controls the opening time and opening duration of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel needle valve 1521 to achieve different injection times and injection quantities.

[0053] Figure 4 The enlarged cross-sectional view (AA) of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 shows that the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 contains a helical blade 1517 and multiple stirring and cutting columns 1515. The helical blade support column 1522 is fixed to the side wall of the injector body 1503 (i.e., the stirring and cutting chamber 1516) at the location where the helical blade 1517 is to be installed. The helical blade 1517 is fixed to the helical blade support column 1522, and the multiple stirring and cutting columns 1515 are fixed to the side wall of the injector body 1503 around the helical blade 1517. The helical blade support column 1522 connects the injector body 1503 and the helical blade 1517, and is responsible for fixing the helical blade 1517.

[0054] The specific operation process of the integrated fuel supply and injection system for ammonia-hydrogen fusion proposed in this invention is as follows:

[0055] Step 1, during cold start, the ECU receives signals from the liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor 14 and the hydrogen rail pressure sensor 11, and adjusts the pressure of the liquid ammonia and hydrogen high-pressure common rail according to the target pressure value. When the rail pressure is lower than the required injection pressure, the ECU controls the booster pumps (including the liquid ammonia booster pump 8 and the hydrogen booster pump 7) to work, boosting the pressure of the ammonia and hydrogen fuel; when the rail pressure is higher than the required injection pressure, the ECU controls the pressure relief valves (including the liquid ammonia common rail pressure relief valve 12 and the hydrogen common rail pressure relief valve 9) to open, depressurizing the common rail, allowing ammonia to enter the liquid ammonia storage tank 5 and hydrogen to enter the hydrogen storage tank 6, maintaining the pressure at the target value. For the fuel injection ignition system, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 of the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15 to close and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to open, with only the hydrogen high-pressure common rail 10 supplying hydrogen fuel to the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15, which is the hydrogen single-fuel mode. Hydrogen is injected into the engine or pre-combustion chamber. The ECU adjusts the injection timing and injection quantity of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector 15 according to the operating conditions, and then controls the spark plug ignition.

[0056] Step 2: After the engine preheats, the ECU controls the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 to open and the hydrogen flow controller 18 to open. The liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail 13 and the hydrogen high-pressure common rail 10 supply liquid ammonia and gaseous hydrogen to the integrated ammonia-hydrogen injector 15, respectively, in dual-fuel mode. Depending on the engine operating conditions, the duration of the liquid ammonia needle valve 1507 opening and the duration of the hydrogen flow controller 18 are adjusted to change the amount of ammonia and hydrogen fuel supplied, thereby adjusting the ammonia / hydrogen mixture ratio. At this time, liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512 through the liquid ammonia injection port 1509, and hydrogen is delivered to the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber 1512 through the hydrogen injection port 1511. This facilitates the formation of high shear force between the liquid ammonia and hydrogen during high-speed injection, and the mixture of hydrogen and liquid ammonia generates ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel rich in hydrogen nanobubbles. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel is then cut and impacted by the stirring and cutting column 1515 in the stirring and cutting chamber 1516 to generate smaller nanobubbles and maintain a stable state. Finally, the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel is injected into the engine 17 or the pre-combustion chamber 19. The ECU adjusts the injection timing and injection quantity of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector 15 according to the operating conditions, and then controls the spark plug 16 to ignite.

[0057] In this invention, the risk of leakage is reduced and safety accidents are avoided by placing the hydrogen storage tank 6, the hydrogen booster pump 7, and the liquid ammonia booster pump 8 inside the liquid ammonia storage tank 5. The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector 15 designed in this invention enables the mixing of ammonia and hydrogen in the injector, and can realize the operation mode of cold start hydrogen single fuel and hot engine ammonia-hydrogen premixed dual fuel, solving the problems of difficult ammonia ignition and poor combustion stability, and improving engine output power.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many improvements and changes under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these improvements and changes are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated fuel supply and injection system suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fusion, comprising a fuel supply system, a fuel injection ignition system and an electronic control system; characterized in that: the fuel supply system comprises an ammonia bottle (1) and a hydrogen bottle (2), the ammonia bottle (1) is connected to a liquid ammonia storage tank (5) through an ammonia regulating valve (3), the liquid ammonia storage tank (5) is provided with a hydrogen storage tank (6), a hydrogen booster pump (7) and a liquid ammonia booster pump (8); the hydrogen bottle (2) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (6) through a hydrogen regulating valve (4); the fuel injection ignition system comprises a liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13), a hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10), an ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15), a hydrogen flow controller (18) and a spark plug (16); the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13) is provided with a liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve (12) and a liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor (14); the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10) is provided with a hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve (9) and a hydrogen rail pressure sensor (11); the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) comprises an injector body (1503), the top of the injector body (1503) is a liquid ammonia inlet (1501), the injector body (1503) is provided with a liquid ammonia pipeline, a liquid ammonia injection port (1509), an ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber (1512), an ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel chamber (1513), a swirl nozzle (1514), a stirring cutting chamber (1516), a flow guide chamber (1519) and an injection port in sequence from the liquid ammonia inlet (1501) downward along the axial direction; a liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) is arranged in the liquid ammonia pipeline above the liquid ammonia injection port (1509), the top of the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) is provided with a liquid ammonia needle valve spring (1504), the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) is surrounded by a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil (1505), the liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil (1505) is provided with a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil control wire (1506) leading out of the injector body (1503); the injector body (1503) is provided with a hydrogen cavity (1510) with an annular space at a position at the same height as the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber (1512), the hydrogen cavity (1510) is provided with a hydrogen inlet (1502) penetrating through the side wall of the injector body (1503), a plurality of hydrogen injection ports (1511) are arranged between the hydrogen cavity (1510) and the ammonia-hydrogen mixing chamber (1512); the hydrogen injection port (1511) and the liquid ammonia injection port (1509) form a 90° angle. The stirring cutting chamber (1516) is provided with helical blades (1517) and a plurality of stirring cutting columns (1515), the bottom of the stirring cutting chamber (1516) is provided with a stirring cutting chamber pressure sensor (1518), the stirring cutting chamber pressure sensor (1518) is provided with a stirring cutting chamber pressure sensor line (1508) leading out to the outside of the injector body (1503), the bottom of the stirring cutting chamber (1516) is transitioned to the flow guide cavity (1519) by a conical cavity, the flow guide cavity (1519) is provided with an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521), the structure of the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521) is the same as that of the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507); The pump outlet of the liquid ammonia booster pump (8) is connected to the fuel inlet (A) of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13), and the liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve (12) of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13) is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank (5); the fuel outlet (B) of the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13) is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet (1501) of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15); The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (6) is connected to the fuel inlet (C) of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10) through the hydrogen booster pump (7), and the hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve (9) of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (6); the fuel outlet (D) of the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (1502) of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) through the hydrogen flow controller (18); The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) and the spark plug (16) are installed on the combustion chamber of the engine (17) or on the pre-chamber (19), and the pre-chamber (19) is installed on the cylinder head of the engine (17); The liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor (14), the hydrogen rail pressure sensor (11), the liquid ammonia booster pump (8), the hydrogen booster pump (7), the liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve (12), the hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve (9), the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15), the hydrogen flow controller (18) and the spark plug (16) are all connected to the electronic control system (ECU), the electronic control system (ECU) receives signals from the liquid ammonia rail pressure sensor (14) and the hydrogen rail pressure sensor (11), controls the liquid ammonia booster pump (8), the hydrogen booster pump (7), the liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve (12), the hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve (9), the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15), the hydrogen flow controller (18) and the spark plug (16), and regulates the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel injection pressure, ammonia / hydrogen mixing ratio, injection amount and injection time, and controls the spark plug (16) ignition.

2. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13) is used to provide 30MPa ammonia fuel, and the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10) is used to provide 30MPa hydrogen fuel.

3. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The spiral blade (1517) is fixed on the spiral blade support column (1522) on the side wall of the injector body (1503) at the position of the spiral blade (1517), and the plurality of stirring cutting columns (1515) are fixed on the side wall of the injector body (1503) around the spiral blade (1517).

4. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The top of the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521) is provided with an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve spring, and the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521) is surrounded by an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel electromagnetic coil, which is provided with an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel electromagnetic coil electric control wire (1520) leading out of the injector body (1503).

5. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The electric control system (ECU) receives signals from the liquid ammonia high-pressure common rail (13) and the hydrogen high-pressure common rail (10), and keeps the common rail pressure at a target value; when the rail pressure is lower than the required injection pressure, the electric control system (ECU) controls the liquid ammonia booster pump (8) and the hydrogen booster pump (7) to work to pressurize the ammonia fuel and the hydrogen fuel respectively; when the rail pressure is higher than the required injection pressure, the electric control system (ECU) controls the liquid ammonia common rail pressure limiting valve (12) and the hydrogen common rail pressure limiting valve (9) to open, thereby depressurizing the common rail pipe, and ammonia enters the liquid ammonia storage tank (5) and hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank (6).

6. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) is composed of a liquid ammonia supply section, a hydrogen supply section, an ammonia-hydrogen mixing section and an ammonia-hydrogen injection section, the liquid ammonia supply section is composed of a liquid ammonia inlet (1501), a liquid ammonia needle valve spring (1504), a liquid ammonia needle valve (1507), a liquid ammonia electromagnetic coil (1505) and a liquid ammonia injection port (1509); the hydrogen supply section is composed of a hydrogen inlet (1502), a hydrogen cavity (1510) and a hydrogen injection port (1511); the ammonia-hydrogen mixing section is composed of an ammonia-hydrogen mixing cavity (1512), an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel chamber (1513), a swirl nozzle (1514), stirring cutting columns (1515) in the stirring cutting chamber and a spiral blade (1517); the ammonia-hydrogen injection section is composed of a flow guide cavity (1519) and an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521); the electric control system (ECU) controls the opening duration of the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) and the opening duration of the hydrogen flow controller (18) to control the amount of ammonia fuel and hydrogen fuel, realizes the mixing of ammonia and hydrogen in the ammonia-hydrogen mixing cavity (1512), and the ammonia / hydrogen blending ratio is continuously variable, and then the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel or the single hydrogen fuel is injected into the engine (17) or the pre-chamber (19); wherein, the electric control system (ECU) controls the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel needle valve (1521) according to the engine operating conditions to adjust the injection amount and injection time of the ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuel or the single hydrogen fuel.

7. The integrated fuel supply and injection system of claim 1, wherein The electric control system (ECU) controls the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) to be in a single fuel injection mode or a dual fuel injection mode according to the engine operating conditions. When the engine is cold started, the electronic control system (ECU) controls the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) to be closed and the hydrogen flow controller (18) to be opened, at this time, the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) only supplies hydrogen fuel, which promotes engine ignition and increases engine temperature; When the engine temperature reaches the normal operating temperature, the electronic control system (ECU) controls the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) of the ammonia-hydrogen integrated injector (15) to be opened and the hydrogen flow controller (18) to be opened, and continuously adjusts the opening duration of the liquid ammonia needle valve (1507) and the opening duration of the hydrogen flow controller (18) according to the engine operating conditions, so as to realize real-time change of the ammonia / hydrogen mixture ratio and ensure stable and efficient combustion of the engine.

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