Active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosive sound source

Abstract

The invention discloses an active and passive sonar buoy of an MEMS vector hydrophone and a controllable explosive sound source, and belongs to the technical field of sonar communication and ocean buoys. The device comprises a water surface assembly, an underwater assembly and an explosive sound source which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a floating air bag, an automatic inflation device and a wireless transmitting module are arranged on the water surface assembly, and an MEMS vector hydrophone probe, a power supply lithium battery, a collection and storage module and an explosive sound source control circuit are arranged on the underwater assembly. The system comprises an explosive sound source, a hydrophone conditioning circuit, an inertial navigation module and an electronic compass, and the explosive sound source comprises a packaging structure and an explosive module. Through the combination of the MEMS technology and the modular structure, miniaturization and low power consumption of the system are achieved, the system is more suitable for long-time deployment and large-range sea area detection, cost and energy consumption are remarkably reduced, and the problems that an existing active and passive sonar buoy is large in size, high in manufacturing cost, high in power consumption, poor in positioning precision and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sonar communication and ocean buoys, and particularly relates to a MEMS vector hydrophone and a passive and active sonar buoy with a controllable explosion sound source. Background Art

[0002] The ocean covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, plays an indispensable role in the global ecosystem and human society, and is of great significance to global sustainable development. China has a vast ocean territory and is rich in marine resources. In the context of the new era, the maritime transportation industry has developed rapidly, and the development and utilization of marine resources have shown an increasing trend year by year. With the continuous progress of technology, people's demand for marine exploration technology has been continuously increasing, especially in the optimization and application of underwater target detection.

[0003] A sonar buoy is an underwater detection device deployed in the ocean, which can obtain parameters such as the position information, speed, and depth of a target, and transmit the detection data to a terminal device through a communication system. The continuous progress of sonar buoy technology has significantly improved the underwater detection ability and provided important support for maintaining marine security.

[0004] Existing sonar buoys usually consist of two parts: the upper part is a floating structure. When deploying the buoy, a parachute is used to decelerate and protect the underwater acoustic components. After landing, the airbag is inflated to make it float on the water surface, and the wireless communication module transmits the collected data to the upper computer system. The lower part is the underwater part. To achieve active detection, an active sonar, an underwater acoustic signal acquisition sensor, and an acquisition and storage module are required to facilitate subsequent data processing. Sonar buoys are small in size and easy to deploy, and can detect dangerous sea areas; sonar buoys have relatively low power consumption and can achieve long-term underwater detection.

[0005] Sonar buoys can be divided into two types according to whether they are equipped with a transmitting sonar: active sonar buoys and passive sonar buoys. Passive sonar buoys are mainly used for defense, for the defense and monitoring of ocean areas. Active sonar buoys, on the other hand, are mainly used for actively, quickly, and accurately locating targets. In the initial detection stage, passive sonar buoys are widely used. In the later detection stage, active sonar buoys are needed to conduct precise positioning detection of targets. To achieve active detection of underwater targets, an active detection sound source is required.

[0006] Existing passive and active sonar buoys mainly use active transmitting transducers and passive scalar hydrophones, which are large in size, high in power consumption, and high in cost. Applying them to sonar buoys will greatly shorten their working hours, and passive scalar hydrophones can only obtain scalar information in the sound field and cannot locate targets.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to create and develop an ocean active and passive sonar buoy with low power consumption and orderly controllability to achieve precise detection of targets. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of large volume, high cost, high power consumption, poor positioning accuracy, etc. existing in existing active and passive sonar buoys, and to provide an active and passive sonar buoy with a MEMS vector hydrophone and a controllable explosion source.

[0009] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An active and passive sonar buoy with a MEMS vector hydrophone and a controllable explosion source, comprising a water surface component, an underwater component, and an explosion source arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0010] The water surface component includes a water surface component bin body, the top of the water surface component bin body is equipped with a water surface component bin cover, and the bottom of the water surface component bin body is equipped with a water surface component bin base; a floating airbag and an automatic inflation device are installed on the water surface component bin cover, and the floating airbag is connected to the automatic inflation device; a wireless transmission module is arranged inside the water surface component bin body, and the wireless transmission antenna of the wireless transmission module is placed inside the floating airbag.

[0011] The underwater component includes an underwater electronic bin body, the top of the underwater electronic bin body is equipped with an underwater electronic bin cover, and the bottom of the underwater electronic bin body is equipped with an underwater electronic bin base; a MEMS vector hydrophone probe extending downward is installed at the center position of the underwater electronic bin base; a power supply lithium battery, a collection and storage module, an explosion source control circuit, a hydrophone conditioning circuit, an inertial navigation module, and an electronic compass are arranged inside the underwater electronic bin body. The power supply lithium battery is connected to the collection and storage module through a power transmission line and supplies power to it. The collection and storage module supplies power to the wireless transmission module, the explosion source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module, and the electronic compass. The collection and storage module is connected to the wireless transmission module, the explosion source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module, and the electronic compass through signal lines respectively. The hydrophone conditioning circuit is connected to the MEMS vector hydrophone probe.

[0012] The explosion source includes a packaging structure and an explosive module. The explosive module is embedded in the packaging structure through potting elastic colloid, and the explosive module is connected to the collection and storage module through a signal line.

[0013] Furthermore, cable outlets and load-bearing hanging rings are provided on the water surface component bin base, the underwater electronic bin cover, and the underwater electronic bin base, and a load-bearing hanging ring is provided at the top of the packaging structure; the cable outlets are for the signal lines to pass through; the load-bearing hanging ring on the water surface component bin base is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring on the underwater electronic bin cover through a Kevlar load-bearing rope, and the load-bearing hanging ring on the underwater electronic bin base is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring on the packaging structure through a Kevlar load-bearing rope.

[0014] Furthermore, access holes are provided on both the base of the water surface component bin and the cover of the underwater electronic bin, and watertight plugs are installed on the access holes; a connection screw hole for installing the MEMS vector hydrophone probe is provided at the center of the base of the underwater electronic bin.

[0015] Furthermore, the MEMS vector hydrophone probe includes a substrate, a chip carrier, an MEMS vector hydrophone chip, a piezoelectric ceramic tube, and a sound-transmitting cap; a first connection stud is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the substrate, and the first connection stud is threadedly connected to the connection screw hole of the base of the underwater electronic bin; a connection round platform is provided at the center of the top surface of the substrate, a connection screw hole is provided at the center of the connection round platform, and an annular boss is provided on the top surface of the substrate around the connection round platform; a second connection stud is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the chip carrier, the second connection stud is threadedly connected to the connection screw hole of the connection round platform, the piezoelectric ceramic tube is sleeved on the second connection stud, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the MEMS vector hydrophone chip is fixed at the center of the top surface of the chip carrier, and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the sound-transmitting cap is made of aluminum alloy, a plurality of through holes are uniformly provided on the sound-transmitting cap, the cap opening of the sound-transmitting cap is threadedly connected to the connection round platform, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the chip carrier, and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip are all encapsulated in the sound-transmitting cap.

[0016] Furthermore, the encapsulation structure includes a bottom plate, a C-shaped boss is fixed on the top surface of the bottom plate, a plurality of load-bearing hanging rings are provided at the top of the C-shaped boss, and a plurality of explosive modules are embedded and installed inside the C-shaped boss, and the ends of the explosive modules extend below the bottom plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the explosive module uses lead styphnate as the main charge of the primary explosive, and the end of the explosive module extending below the bottom plate is designed with a round head streamline.

[0018] Furthermore, the explosion sound source control circuit includes a 5-12V boost circuit, a 4-16 decoder circuit, an opto-isolation circuit, and an active sound source initiation circuit; the 5-12V boost circuit provides a 5V internal logic power supply voltage and a 12V chip power supply voltage for the 4-16 decoder circuit, the opto-isolation circuit, and the active sound source initiation circuit respectively, the 4-16 decoder circuit is connected to the opto-isolation circuit, the opto-isolation circuit is connected to the active sound source initiation circuit, and the active sound source initiation circuit is connected to the explosive module.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydrophone conditioning circuit includes a DC-DC voltage stabilizing circuit, a high-pass filter circuit, an INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and a follower circuit; the DC-DC voltage stabilizing circuit supplies power to the high-pass filter circuit, the INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and the follower circuit respectively, the high-pass filter circuit is connected to the INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and the INA163 instrumentation amplifier is connected to the follower circuit.

[0020] The active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention has the advantages of long detection range, small size, low cost, low power consumption, etc., which are specifically manifested as follows: 1) The active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention is based on a highly sensitive MEMS vector hydrophone, which can simultaneously acquire the sound pressure signal and the direction information of the sound wave, and can achieve higher-precision sound source localization, especially having significant advantages in a complex background noise environment.

[0021] 2) The active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention combines a controllable explosion sound source with a MEMS vector hydrophone, which can not only actively emit broadband explosion signals to detect targets, but also passively receive environmental sound wave information to achieve dual-mode collaborative detection, greatly improving the comprehensive detection performance of the sonar buoy.

[0022] 3) Through the application of MEMS technology, the active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention significantly reduces the size and energy consumption of the sonar buoy. Compared with traditional sonar systems, it has higher portability and deployment flexibility, and is suitable for long-term and large-scale ocean exploration tasks.

[0023] 4) The active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention adopts a modular design, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and is conducive to the maintenance and upgrade of the buoy.

[0024] 5) The active and passive sonar buoy of the present invention is applicable to multiple fields including scientific research and civil use, and has stronger functionality and adaptability. Description of the Drawings

[0025] The drawings here are used to provide further illustration of the present invention, and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the surface component, underwater component and explosion sound source of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is an oblique top view of the surface component of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is an oblique bottom view of the surface component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is an oblique top view of the underwater component of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is an oblique bottom view of the underwater component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7It is the oblique top view of the explosion sound source in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is the oblique bottom view of the explosion sound source in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 It is the oblique top view of the MEMS vector hydrophone probe in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 It is the oblique bottom view of the MEMS vector hydrophone probe in the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1 - the body of the water surface component bin, 2 - the cover of the water surface component bin, 3 - the base of the water surface component bin, 4 - the floating airbag, 5 - the automatic inflation device, 6 - the body of the underwater electronic bin, 7 - the cover of the underwater electronic bin, 8 - the base of the underwater electronic bin, 9 - the substrate, 10 - the chip support platform, 11 - the MEMS vector hydrophone chip, 12 - the acoustic transmission cap, 13 - the first connecting stud, 14 - the connecting round platform, 15 - the annular boss, 16 - the second connecting stud, 17 - the through hole, 18 - the encapsulation structure, 19 - the explosive module, 20 - the cable outlet, 21 - the load-bearing hanging ring, 22 - the Kevlar load-bearing rope, 23 - the watertight plug, 24 - the MEMS vector hydrophone probe, 25 - the signal line, 26 - the piezoelectric ceramic tube. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the implementation manners and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, this embodiment provides a main and passive sonar buoy with a MEMS vector hydrophone and a controllable explosion sound source, including a water surface component, an underwater component, and an explosion sound source arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0040] The water surface component includes the water surface component bin body 1. At the top of the water surface component bin body 1, a water surface component bin cover 2 is installed, and at the bottom of the water surface component bin body 1, a water surface component bin base 3 is installed. Specifically, O-ring grooves are provided on both the water surface component bin cover 2 and the water surface component bin base 3, and they are connected to the water surface component bin body 1 through O-rings. Threaded holes are provided on its side walls, and the water tightness and fixation of the water surface component bin body 1 are achieved through screws. A floating airbag 4 and an automatic inflation device 5 are installed on the water surface component bin cover 2. The floating airbag 4 is connected to the automatic inflation device 5. The automatic inflation device 5 is activated after entering the water to inflate the floating airbag 4, providing buoyancy for the operation of the entire buoy. The floating airbag 4 and the automatic inflation device 5 are connected to the water surface component bin cover 2 through vulcanization process.

[0041] The underwater component includes the underwater electronic bin body 6. At the top of the underwater electronic bin body 6, an underwater electronic bin cover 7 is installed, and at the bottom of the underwater electronic bin body 6, an underwater electronic bin base 8 is installed. Specifically, O-ring grooves are provided on both the underwater electronic bin cover 7 and the underwater electronic bin base 8, and they are connected to the underwater electronic bin body 6 through O-rings. Threaded holes are provided on its side walls, and the water tightness and fixation of the underwater electronic bin body 6 are achieved through screws. A connection screw hole and an O-ring groove for installing the MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 are provided at the center of the underwater electronic bin base 8. The MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 is hermetically installed on the underwater electronic bin base 8 through the connection screw hole and the O-ring.

[0042] The MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 includes a substrate 9, a chip carrier 10, a MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11, a piezoelectric ceramic tube 26, and a sound-transmitting cap 12; a first connecting stud 13 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the substrate 9, and the first connecting stud 13 is threadedly connected to the connecting screw hole of the underwater electronic compartment base 8 and sealed by an O-ring; a connecting round platform 14 is provided at the center of the top surface of the substrate 9, a connecting screw hole and an O-ring groove are provided at the center of the connecting round platform 14, and an annular boss 15 is provided on the top surface of the substrate 9 around the connecting round platform 14; a second connecting stud 16 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the chip carrier 10, and the second connecting stud 16 is threadedly connected to the connecting screw hole of the connecting round platform 14 and sealed by an O-ring; the piezoelectric ceramic tube 26 is sleeved on the second connecting stud 16, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 26 is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 is connected to the center of the top surface of the chip carrier 10 through an elastic damping colloid, and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the sound-transmitting cap 12 is made of aluminum alloy, and a plurality of through holes 17 are uniformly provided on the sound-transmitting cap 12. The cap opening of the sound-transmitting cap 12 is threadedly connected to the connecting round platform 14. The chip carrier 10 and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 are encapsulated in the sound-transmitting cap 12. The through holes 17 provided on the sound-transmitting cap 12 can keep the acoustic impedance inside and outside the sound-transmitting cap 12 consistent during operation, and at the same time, it can also prevent the MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 from being directly impacted by the water flow.

[0043] The explosion sound source includes a packaging structure 18 and an explosive module 19. The explosive module 19 is embedded in the packaging structure 18 through potting elastic colloid; specifically, the packaging structure 18 includes a bottom plate, a C-shaped boss is fixed on the top surface of the bottom plate, and a plurality of explosive modules 19 are embedded and installed inside the C-shaped boss. The end of the explosive module 19 extends below the bottom plate; the explosive module 19 uses lead styphnate as the main charge of the primary explosive, and it is detonated by an electric ignition method. This primary explosive has relatively high sensitivity, is generally not prone to explosion, and has a relatively high sound source; the end of the explosive module 19 extending below the bottom plate adopts a round-head streamline design to reduce the resistance during the water entry process.

[0044] Cable outlets 20 and load-bearing hanging rings 21 are provided on the base 3 of the surface component compartment, the cover 7 of the underwater electronic compartment, and the base 8 of the underwater electronic compartment. A load-bearing hanging ring 21 is provided at the top of the C-shaped boss of the explosion sound source; the cable outlet 20 is for the signal line 25 to pass through between the surface components, underwater components, and the explosion sound source, and then the waterproof seal is achieved through the rubber vulcanization process; the load-bearing hanging ring 21 on the base 3 of the surface component compartment is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring 21 on the cover 7 of the underwater electronic compartment through a Kevlar load-bearing rope 22. The load-bearing hanging ring 21 on the base 8 of the underwater electronic compartment is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring 21 on the C-shaped boss through a Kevlar load-bearing rope 22. The setting of the load-bearing hanging ring 21 and the Kevlar load-bearing rope 22 can prevent the equipment from accidentally falling into the water.

[0045] Both the base 3 of the surface component bin and the cover 7 of the underwater electronic bin are provided with access holes, and a watertight plug 23 is installed on the access holes; the watertight plug 23 can ensure the reliability of signal and power transmission of underwater equipment, and at the same time prevent moisture from seeping into the connection points, resulting in short circuits or signal interference.

[0046] A wireless transmission module is arranged in the body 1 of the surface component bin, and the wireless transmission antenna of the wireless transmission module is placed in the floating airbag 4; in the body 6 of the underwater electronic bin of the underwater component, there are a power supply lithium battery, a collection and storage module, an explosion sound source control circuit, a hydrophone conditioning circuit, an inertial navigation module and an electronic compass; the power supply lithium battery is connected to the collection and storage module through a power transmission line and powers it, and the collection and storage module powers the wireless transmission module, the explosion sound source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module and the electronic compass. The collection and storage module is connected to the wireless transmission module, the explosion sound source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module, the electronic compass and the explosive module 19 through a signal line 25, and the hydrophone conditioning circuit is connected to the MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24. After receiving the signal through the inertial navigation - Beidou antenna, the inertial navigation module transmits the signal to the collection and storage module through the signal line 25. After being amplified and filtered by the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 transmits the signal to the collection and storage module through the signal line 25. The electronic compass transmits the signal to the collection and storage module through the signal line 25. The collection and storage module transmits the collected signals, including inertial navigation signals, electronic compass signals, and MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 signals, to the wireless transmission module through serial communication. The wireless transmission module wirelessly transmits the signals to the upper computer through the wireless transmission antenna. The collection and storage module can receive the wireless instructions transmitted by the upper computer through the wireless transmission module and control the explosion sound source control circuit through the signal line 25, and the explosion sound source control circuit detonates the explosive module 19.

[0047] The explosion sound source control circuit includes a 5 - 12V boost circuit, a 4 - 16 decoder circuit, an opto - isolation circuit, and an active sound source initiation circuit; the 5 - 12V boost circuit provides a 5V internal logic power supply voltage and a 12V chip power supply voltage for the 4 - 16 decoder circuit, the opto - isolation circuit, and the active sound source initiation circuit respectively. The 4 - 16 decoder circuit is connected to the opto - isolation circuit, the opto - isolation circuit is connected to the active sound source initiation circuit, and the active sound source initiation circuit is connected to the explosive module 19. The active sound source initiation circuit provides a 5V internal logic power supply voltage and a 12V chip power supply voltage; the 4 - 16 decoder circuit can realize the conversion from 4 - channel control to 16 - channel control, and connect the converted 16 channels as output terminals to the input terminals of the opto - isolation circuit. The 4 - 16 decoder circuit converts 4 - bit high - low level input signals into 16 - bit one - hot codes to select one of them for operation, achieving independent control of the underwater explosion sound source; the opto - isolation circuit uses the model TLP521 opto - isolation circuit, which plays the role of opto - isolation, isolates and removes the pulse signals generated during the start and stop instants, improves the anti - interference ability of the active detection system, and also plays the role of an inverter. The opto - isolation circuit improves the safety of the control module, avoiding the problem that the circuit generates glitch signals due to external interference and then causing the non - human - induced detonation of the explosion sound source; it converts the low level output by the 4 - 16 decoder circuit into a high level to achieve the purpose of controlling the explosion sound source; finally, the output signal of the opto - isolation circuit is used as the input signal of the active sound source initiation circuit to realize the detonation of the active sound source.

[0048] The hydrophone conditioning circuit includes a DC - DC voltage - stabilizing circuit, a high - pass filter circuit, an INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and a follower circuit; the DC - DC voltage - stabilizing circuit supplies power to the high - pass filter circuit, the INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and the follower circuit respectively. The high - pass filter circuit is connected to the INA163 instrumentation amplifier, and the INA163 instrumentation amplifier is connected to the follower circuit. The hydrophone conditioning circuit has two parts: a vector channel and a scalar channel. In the vector channel, the weak signal collected is first passed through the high - pass filter circuit to remove the DC component and filter the low - frequency signal. Subsequently, the filtered signal is differentially amplified by the INA163 instrumentation amplifier to increase the signal - to - noise ratio of the vector hydrophone. The amplified signal finally passes through the follower circuit to eliminate the glitches that may occur during transmission and is stored in the acquisition and storage module.

[0049] The MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 includes a MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 and a piezoelectric ceramic tube 26. It adopts the sound perception principle imitating the lateral line of fish, including vector X and Y outputs and scalar P output. During operation, sound waves act on the bionic cilia, causing the bionic cilia to deflect, thereby deforming the silicon cantilever beam structure. The change in resistance in the beam is output through a Wheatstone bridge to complete the detection and acquisition of underwater acoustic signals. The sound pressure P channel uses the piezoelectric ceramic tube 26 to output scalar information of underwater acoustic signals.

[0050] The working principle of the MEMS vector hydrophone and the active and passive sonar buoy with a controllable explosion source in this embodiment is as follows: After the buoy enters the water, the automatic inflation device 5 of the water-sensitive unit starts to work, inflating the floating airbag 4. The floating airbag 4 floats to the sea surface, and the underwater component and the explosion source sink together with the outer cylinder. After reaching the predetermined working depth, the underwater component and the explosion source break out of the outer shell cylinder and gradually unfold. The buoy is powered by a lithium battery. After entering the water, the control circuit controls the main power supply to turn on and controls the buoy to power on and work.

[0051] During the working process, the inertial navigation module is used to obtain the position information of the buoy. The MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 is a combined scalar and vector hydrophone, which internally contains a MEMS vector hydrophone chip 11 and a piezoelectric ceramic tube 26, and receives vector and scalar acoustic signals in water. The attitude information of the MEMS vector hydrophone probe 24 is obtained through an electronic compass for acoustic wave positioning. The above signals are transmitted to the acquisition and storage module through the signal line 25, and can also be remotely sent to the upper computer through the wireless transmission module. During the working process, the upper computer can change the working mode of the buoy through instructions, and can also control the detonation of the explosion source through instructions to achieve active sonar detection.

[0052] The MEMS vector hydrophone and the active and passive sonar buoy with a controllable explosion source in this embodiment combine MEMS technology and a modular structure, realizing the miniaturization and low power consumption of the system, being more suitable for long-term deployment and large-scale sea area detection, significantly reducing costs and energy consumption, and solving the problems of large volume, high cost, high power consumption, and poor positioning accuracy of existing active and passive sonar buoys.

[0053] The above embodiments only represent the optimal implementation modes of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active and passive sonar buoy with a MEMS vector hydrophone and a controllable explosion sound source, characterized in that: It includes a surface component, an underwater component and an explosion sound source which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The water surface component comprises a water surface component warehouse body, a water surface component warehouse cover is installed on the top of the water surface component warehouse body, and a water surface component warehouse base is installed on the bottom of the water surface component warehouse body; a floating airbag and an automatic inflation device are installed on the water surface component warehouse cover, and the floating airbag is connected to the automatic inflation device; a wireless transmission module is arranged in the water surface component warehouse body, and a wireless transmission antenna of the wireless transmission module is placed in the floating airbag; The underwater component includes an underwater electronic warehouse body, an underwater electronic warehouse cover is installed on the top of the underwater electronic warehouse body, and an underwater electronic warehouse base is installed on the bottom of the underwater electronic warehouse body; a MEMS vector hydrophone probe extending downward is installed at the center of the underwater electronic warehouse base; a power supply lithium battery, a collection storage module, an explosion sound source control circuit, a hydrophone conditioning circuit, an inertial navigation module and an electronic compass are arranged in the underwater electronic warehouse body, the power supply lithium battery is connected to the collection storage module through an electric energy transmission line and supplies power to it, the collection storage module supplies power to the wireless transmission module, the explosion sound source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module and the electronic compass, the collection storage module is respectively connected to the wireless transmission module, the explosion sound source control circuit, the hydrophone conditioning circuit, the inertial navigation module and the electronic compass through signal lines, and the hydrophone conditioning circuit is connected to the MEMS vector hydrophone probe; The explosion sound source comprises a packaging structure and an explosive module. The explosive module is embedded in the packaging structure by potting elastic colloid, and the explosive module is connected with the acquisition storage module through a signal line.

2. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cable outlets and load-bearing hanging rings are arranged on the surface component warehouse base, the underwater electronic warehouse cover and the underwater electronic warehouse base, and a load-bearing hanging ring is arranged on the top of the packaging structure; The cable outlet is for the signal line to pass through; the load-bearing hanging ring on the base of the surface component warehouse is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring on the underwater electronic warehouse cover through a Kevlar load-bearing rope, and the load-bearing hanging ring on the base of the underwater electronic warehouse is connected to the load-bearing hanging ring on the packaging structure through a Kevlar load-bearing rope.

3. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 2 is characterized by: Both the surface component warehouse base and the underwater electronic warehouse cover are provided with entry holes, and watertight plugs are installed on the entry holes; a connecting screw hole for installing a MEMS vector hydrophone probe is provided at the center of the underwater electronic warehouse base.

4. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 3 is characterized by: The MEMS vector hydrophone probe comprises a substrate, a chip holder, a MEMS vector hydrophone chip, a piezoelectric ceramic tube and a sound-transmitting cap; a first connecting stud is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the substrate, and the first connecting stud is threadedly connected in the connecting screw hole of the underwater electronic warehouse base; a connecting truncated cone is arranged at the center of the top surface of the substrate, and a connecting screw hole is opened at the center of the connecting truncated cone, and an annular boss is arranged around the connecting truncated cone on the top surface of the substrate; a second connecting stud is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the chip holder, and the second connecting stud is threadedly connected in the connecting screw hole of the connecting truncated cone, the piezoelectric ceramic tube is sleeved on the second connecting stud, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the MEMS vector hydrophone chip is fixed at the center of the top surface of the chip holder, and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip is connected to the hydrophone conditioning circuit; the sound-transmitting cap is made of aluminum alloy, and a plurality of through holes are evenly opened on the sound-transmitting cap, and the cap mouth of the sound-transmitting cap is threadedly connected to the connecting truncated cone, and the piezoelectric ceramic tube, the chip holder and the MEMS vector hydrophone chip are all encapsulated in the sound-transmitting cap.

5. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 4, characterized in that: The packaging structure includes a base plate, a C-shaped boss is fixed on the top surface of the base plate, a plurality of load-bearing hanging rings are arranged on the top of the C-shaped boss, a plurality of explosive modules are embedded and installed inside the C-shaped boss, and the ends of the explosive modules extend from the bottom of the base plate.

6. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 5, characterized in that: The explosive module uses lead styphnate as the main explosive, and the end of the explosive module extending from the bottom plate adopts a round-head streamlined design.

7. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 6, characterized in that: The explosion sound source control circuit includes a 5-12 boost circuit, a 4-16 decoding circuit, a photoelectric isolation circuit and an active sound source detonation circuit; the 5-12V boost circuit provides a 5V internal logic power supply voltage and a 12V chip power supply voltage for the 4-16 decoding circuit, the photoelectric isolation circuit and the active sound source detonation circuit respectively; the 4-16 decoding circuit is connected to the photoelectric isolation circuit, the photoelectric isolation circuit is connected to the active sound source detonation circuit, and the active sound source detonation circuit is connected to the explosive module.

8. The active and passive sonar buoy with MEMS vector hydrophone and controllable explosion sound source according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrophone conditioning circuit includes a DC-DC voltage regulator circuit, a high-pass filter circuit, an INA163 instrument amplifier and a follower circuit; the DC-DC voltage regulator circuit supplies power to the high-pass filter circuit, the INA163 instrument amplifier and the follower circuit respectively, the high-pass filter circuit is connected to the INA163 instrument amplifier, and the INA163 instrument amplifier is connected to the follower circuit.

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