Combustion chamber of fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion chamber of a fuel cell, the combustion chamber comprises a shell, a fuel pipeline, an igniter and a porous medium heat storage structure, the shell is provided with a combustion cavity, and an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the combustion cavity; the fuel pipeline is arranged on the shell, the fuel pipeline comprises a feeding pipe and a plurality of discharging pipes communicating with the feeding pipe, all the discharging pipes are located in the combustion cavity and arranged opposite to the air inlet, and all the discharging pipes are arranged in an array mode; the igniter is arranged on the shell; and the porous medium heat storage structure is arranged in the combustion cavity and is opposite to the discharge pipe. By means of the multiple discharging pipes, on the premise that the flow of the feeding pipe is not changed, the contact area of fuel and air is increased, the mixing effect of the fuel and the air is improved, the fuel is combusted more completely, the combustion efficiency is further improved, and generation of nitric oxide is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly to a combustion chamber of a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high-temperature fuel cell and has high power generation efficiency, low emissions, and can use various different fuels. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a all-solid-state chemical power generation device that directly and efficiently and environmentally friendly converts the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy.

[0003] According to the combustion characteristics and structure, the combustion chamber can be divided into a catalytic combustion chamber, a diffusion combustion chamber, a premixed combustion chamber, a staged combustion chamber, an ejector combustion chamber, etc. A traditional diffusion combustion chamber usually includes a housing, a fuel pipe, an igniter, and a porous medium heat storage structure, etc. However, this configuration relying on a single fuel pipe results in uneven mixing of hydrogen and air, causing an increase in flame length and incomplete combustion of hydrogen. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above description, the present invention provides a combustion chamber of a fuel cell, aiming to solve the problem of uneven mixing of hydrogen and air caused by the configuration of a single fuel pipe in the existing combustion chamber.

[0005] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A combustion chamber of a fuel cell, comprising: A housing having a combustion chamber and an air inlet and an exhaust port communicating with the combustion chamber; A fuel pipe provided on the housing, the fuel pipe including a feed pipe and a plurality of discharge pipes communicating with the feed pipe, all the discharge pipes being located in the combustion chamber and disposed opposite to the air inlet, and all the discharge pipes being arranged in an array; An igniter provided on the housing; A porous medium heat storage structure provided in the combustion chamber and disposed opposite to the discharge pipes.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0007] Further, all the discharge pipes include a first pipe and a plurality of second pipes, the first pipe being coaxially arranged with the feed pipe, and all the second pipes being spaced apart around the axis of the first pipe.

[0008] Further, one end of the first pipe away from the feed pipe and one end of each second pipe away from the feed pipe are configured to be conical.

[0009] Further, the pipe diameters of the first pipe and / or the second pipe are configured to be 25 to 55 mm.

[0010] Further, the distance between the axis of each second pipe and the axis of the first pipe is configured to be 65 to 95 mm.

[0011] Further, it includes a first sealing pipe. One end of the housing is provided with an air inlet pipe. The end of the air inlet pipe away from the housing is provided with a flared opening, and the flared opening serves as the air inlet. One end of the first sealing pipe is inserted into the flared opening, and a first accommodation groove is formed on the outer wall of the flared opening.

[0012] Further, a first protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the flared opening. The first protrusion is provided with an accommodation cavity, and an elastic member is arranged in the accommodation cavity. The first sealing pipe is provided with a first limiting groove corresponding to the first protrusion, and the first protrusion is inserted into the first limiting groove.

[0013] Further, a second accommodation groove is formed on the inner wall of the flared opening. A gas blocking plug is arranged between the inner wall of the second accommodation groove and the first sealing pipe with respect to the first sealing pipe.

[0014] Further, it includes a second sealing pipe. The other end of the housing is provided with an exhaust pipe. The end of the exhaust pipe away from the housing serves as the exhaust port. The flow channel of the second sealing pipe includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel. The end of the exhaust pipe away from the housing is inserted into the first flow channel, and a third accommodation groove is formed on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe.

[0015] Further, a second protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe. The first flow channel is provided with a second limiting groove corresponding to the second protrusion, and the second protrusion is inserted into the second limiting groove. A third protrusion is arranged in the second flow channel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following beneficial technical effects: (1) Under the premise that the flow rate of the feed pipe remains unchanged, the present invention increases the contact area between the fuel and the air through multiple discharge pipes, improves the mixing effect of the fuel and the air, enables the fuel to burn more completely, further improves the combustion efficiency, and reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides.

[0017] (2) When there is air leakage in the gap between the flared opening and the first sealing pipe through the gas blocking plug, the greater the air flow velocity, the more the gas blocking plug will move towards the direction of the first protrusion and be squeezed and deformed. At the same time, the gaps between the first accommodation groove and the gas blocking plug, and between the gas blocking plug and the first sealing pipe are filled, so as to further strengthen the seal between the flared opening and the first sealing pipe.

[0018] (3) When the second protrusion, the second limiting groove and the third protrusion are slightly loose and there is a gap between the second sealing pipe and the exhaust pipe, during the exhaust process of the exhaust pipe, the gas generates a thrust on the third protrusion, causing the second sealing pipe to move away from the housing. At this time, the second protrusion is in close fit with the second limiting groove, closing the gap between the second sealing pipe and the exhaust pipe. In this way, not only can the sealing between the second sealing pipe and the exhaust pipe be ensured, but also heat loss can be avoided, ensuring the overall temperature of the combustion chamber. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is the general assembly drawing of a combustion chamber of a fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber of a fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is the structural schematic diagram of a fuel pipeline in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is Figure 2 the partial enlarged view at A in Figure 5 is Figure 2 the partial enlarged view at B in Figure 6 It is the structural schematic diagram of a first sealing pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is the structural schematic diagram of a second sealing pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is the assembly schematic diagram of a first sealing pipe and an air inlet pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is Figure 8 the partial enlarged view at C in Figure 10 It is the assembly schematic diagram of a second sealing pipe and an exhaust pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is Figure 10 the partial enlarged view at D in Figure 12 It is the temperature distribution diagram of the combustion chamber under different numbers of discharge pipes in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 It is the comparison diagram of the average temperature of different cross-sections along the axial direction of the combustion chamber under different numbers of discharge pipes in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 It is the temperature distribution nephogram of the combustion chamber under different pipe diameters of seven discharge pipes in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 It is the temperature distribution nephogram of the combustion chamber under different distances between the axis of the second pipe and the axis of the first pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1. Housing; 11. Combustion chamber; 12. Intake pipe; 121. Flared opening; 1211. First accommodation groove; 1212. First protrusion; 1213. Accommodation cavity; 1214. Elastic member; 1215. Second accommodation groove; 1216. Air-blocking plug; 13. Exhaust pipe; 131. Second protrusion; 2. Fuel pipeline; 21. Feed pipe; 22. Discharge pipe; 221. First pipe; 222. Second pipe; 3. Igniter; 4. Porous medium heat storage structure; 5. First sealing pipe; 51. First limiting groove; 6. Second sealing pipe; 61. Third accommodation groove; 62. Second limiting groove; 63. Third protrusion. Detailed implementation manner

[0021] To facilitate the understanding of this application, the following will describe this application more comprehensively with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of this application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the description of this application in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] It can be understood that spatial relationship terms such as "under", "below", "beneath", "underneath", "above", "over" etc. can be used here to describe the relationship between an element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relationship terms also include different orientations of the device during use and operation. For example, if the device in the drawing is flipped, the element or feature described as "under other elements" or "beneath it" or "under it" will be oriented "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms "under" and "beneath" can include both the upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device can also include other orientations (such as rotating 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial description terms used here are accordingly interpreted.

[0024] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "comprising", "including" or "having" and the like specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0025] Referring to Figures 1 - 3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a combustion chamber of a fuel cell, comprising a housing 1, a fuel pipe 2, an igniter 3 and a porous medium heat storage structure 4. The housing 1 has a combustion chamber 11 and an air inlet and an exhaust port communicating with the combustion chamber 11; the fuel pipe 2 is arranged on the housing 1. The fuel pipe 2 includes a feed pipe 21 and a plurality of discharge pipes 22 communicating with the feed pipe 21. All the discharge pipes 22 are located in the combustion chamber 11 and are oppositely arranged with respect to the air inlet. All the discharge pipes 22 are arranged in an array; the igniter 3 is arranged on the housing 1; the porous medium heat storage structure 4 is arranged in the combustion chamber 11 and is oppositely arranged with respect to the discharge pipes 22.

[0026] In this embodiment, after the fuel enters from the feed pipe 21, it is split through all the discharge pipes 22 and evenly sprayed into the combustion chamber 11, so that the fuel can be fully mixed with the air, achieving short-distance and high-efficiency combustion.

[0027] Referring to Figures 2 - 3 As shown, in some embodiments, all the discharge pipes 22 include a first pipe 221 and a plurality of second pipes 222. The first pipe 221 is coaxially arranged with the feed pipe 21, and all the second pipes 222 are arranged at intervals around the axis of the first pipe 221.

[0028] In this embodiment, combustion can also occur in the central region of the combustion chamber 11, ensuring uniform combustion distribution in the combustion chamber 11.

[0029] Referring to Figures 2 - 3 As shown, in some embodiments, one end of the first pipe 221 away from the feed pipe 21 and one end of each second pipe 222 away from the feed pipe 21 are configured to be conical.

[0030] In this embodiment, the conical outlets of the first pipe 221 and the second pipes 222 can smoothly accelerate the fuel flow, ensuring a more uniform fuel distribution and contributing to the full mixing of the fuel with the air.

[0031] Especially the conical outlet of the second pipe 222 improves the stability of the injection, slows down the formation of turbulence, can effectively regulate the fuel flow rate and avoid excessive pressure drop.

[0032] Optionally, the pipe diameters of the first pipe 221 and / or the second pipe 222 are configured to be 25 to 55 mm.

[0033] Optionally, the distance between the axis of each second pipe 222 and the axis of the first pipe 221 is configured to be 65 to 95 mm.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 As shown, in some embodiments, one end of the housing 1 near the air inlet and / or one end of the housing 1 near the air outlet are configured to be conical.

[0035] In this embodiment, this can play a role in contracting the air flow and accelerating the gas flow rate.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7-9, in some embodiments, the combustion chamber includes a first sealing pipe 5. An air inlet pipe 12 is provided at one end of the housing 1. A flared portion 121 is provided at the end of the air inlet pipe 12 away from the housing 1. The flared portion 121 serves as the air inlet. One end of the first sealing pipe 5 is inserted into the flared portion 121. A first accommodation groove 1211 is formed in the outer wall of the flared portion 121.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first accommodation groove 1211 can be used to accommodate a clamp or the like. The flared portion 121 and the first sealing pipe 5 can be fixed by the clamp, so that the flared portion 121 and the first sealing pipe 5 are sealed. Thereby preventing air leakage from the gap between the flared portion 121 and the first sealing pipe 5 and ensuring the gas flow rate.

[0038] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7-9, in some embodiments, a first protrusion 1212 is provided on the inner wall of the flared portion 121. A receiving cavity 1213 is formed in the first protrusion 1212. An elastic member 1214 is provided in the receiving cavity 1213. The first sealing pipe 5 is provided with a first limiting groove 51 corresponding to the first protrusion 1212. The first protrusion 1212 is inserted into the first limiting groove 51.

[0039] Exemplarily, the elastic member 1214 can be an annular spring or an elastic rubber body or the like.

[0040] In this embodiment, after one end of the first sealing pipe 5 is inserted into the flared portion 121, the first protrusion 1212 is inserted into the first limiting groove 51; and, through the elastic action of the elastic member 1214, it is ensured that the first protrusion 1212 is in close contact with the groove wall of the first limiting groove 51, thereby strengthening the seal.

[0041] In some embodiments, the flared portion 121 can be made of an elastic material.

[0042] Exemplarily, the elastic material can be silicone rubber or natural rubber or the like.

[0043] In this embodiment, since it is inconvenient to disassemble after the first protrusion 1212 is inserted into the first limiting groove 51, the elastic effect of the elastic material can facilitate the separation of the first protrusion 1212 from the first limiting groove 51.

[0044] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 , Figures 4 and 7 to 9, in some embodiments, a second accommodation groove 1215 is formed in the inner wall of the flared opening 121. A gas blocking plug 1216 is provided between the inner wall of the second accommodation groove 1215 and the first sealing pipe 5 relative to the inner wall of the first sealing pipe 5.

[0045] Exemplarily, the second accommodation groove 1215 and the gas blocking plug 1216 are configured as triangles, etc. The gas blocking plug 1216 can be an elastic rubber body, etc.

[0046] In this embodiment, when there is air leakage in the gap between the flared opening 121 and the first sealing pipe 5, the greater the air flow velocity, the more the gas blocking plug 1216 will move towards the direction of the first protrusion 1212 and be squeezed and deformed. At the same time, the gaps between the first accommodation groove 1211 and the gas blocking plug 1216, and between the gas blocking plug 1216 and the first sealing pipe 5 are filled, thereby further strengthening the seal between the flared opening 121 and the first sealing pipe 5.

[0047] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 , Figures 5 and 10 to 11, in some embodiments, the combustion chamber includes a second sealing pipe 6. The other end of the housing 1 is provided with an exhaust pipe 13. One end of the exhaust pipe 13 away from the housing 1 serves as an exhaust port. The flow channel of the second sealing pipe 6 includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel. One end of the exhaust pipe 13 away from the housing 1 is inserted into the first flow channel, and a third accommodation groove 61 is formed in the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 13.

[0048] In this embodiment, the third accommodation groove 61 can be used to accommodate a clamp, etc. The second sealing pipe 6 and the exhaust pipe 13 can be fixed by the clamp to seal the second sealing pipe 6 and the exhaust pipe 13. Thereby preventing air leakage from the gap between the second sealing pipe 6 and the exhaust pipe 13 and ensuring the gas flow rate.

[0049] Referring to Figures 1 - 2 , Figures 5 and 10 to 11, in some embodiments, a second protrusion 131 is provided on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 13. A second limiting groove 62 is formed in the first flow channel corresponding to the second protrusion 131. The second protrusion 131 is inserted into the second limiting groove 62, and a third protrusion 63 is provided in the second flow channel.

[0050] In this embodiment, when the second sealing pipe 6 is slightly loose from the exhaust pipe 13 and there is a gap therebetween, during the exhaust process of the exhaust pipe 13, the gas generates a thrust on the third protrusion 63, causing the second sealing pipe 6 to move away from the housing 1. At this time, the second protrusion 131 is in close fit with the second limiting groove 62, closing the gap between the second sealing pipe 6 and the exhaust pipe 13. In this way, not only can the sealing between the second sealing pipe 6 and the exhaust pipe 13 be ensured, but also heat loss can be avoided, ensuring the overall temperature of the combustion chamber 11.

[0051] Next, a simulation test is carried out on the fuel pipeline 2 through fluid dynamics. The combustion performance of the combustion chamber 11 is analyzed from the number of fuel pipelines 2, the pipe diameter of the fuel pipelines 2, and the distance between the axis of the second pipeline 222 and the axis of the first pipeline 221. A comparison is made from the relationship of the number of fuel pipelines 2, the relationship of the pipe diameter of the fuel pipelines 2, and the relationship of the distance between the axis of the second pipeline 222 and the axis of the first pipeline 221 to verify the reliability of the combustion chamber 11 of the present invention.

[0052] Refer to Figure 12 As shown, compared with the combustion chamber 11 with a single fuel pipeline 2, as the number of fuel pipelines 2 increases, the fuel and air are more completely mixed, and the combustion flame gradually occupies the entire area inside the combustion chamber 11. Refer to Figure 13 As shown, the average temperature of different cross-sections along the axial direction of the combustion chamber 11 with a single fuel pipeline 2 is the lowest. The overall temperature of the combustion chamber 11 with multiple discharge pipes 22 is significantly higher than that of the combustion chamber 11 with a single fuel pipeline 2, indicating that the fuel and air are more evenly mixed and the fuel burns more completely in the combustion chamber 11 with multiple discharge pipes 22. As the number of fuel pipelines 2 increases, the average temperature of different cross-sections also gradually increases. When the number of discharge pipes 22 increases to seven, it can be found that the average temperature of different cross-sections does not increase significantly. Therefore, the number of discharge pipes 22 is preferably seven.

[0053] Refer to Figure 14 As shown, based on the condition that the number of discharge pipes 22 is seven, simulation tests are carried out with the pipe diameters of the discharge pipes 22 being 25 mm, 40 mm, and 55 mm. It can be seen from the figure that as the pipe diameter of the discharge pipe 22 increases, the high-temperature region of the flame in the combustion chamber 11 gradually increases. Since the fuel flow rate is constant, as the pipe diameter of the discharge pipe 22 increases, the fuel flow velocity gradually decreases, increasing the residence time of the fuel in the combustion chamber 11, making the fuel and air mix more fully and burn more completely. Therefore, the pipe diameter of the discharge pipe 22 is preferably 55 mm.

[0054] Refer to Figure 15As shown, based on the fact that there are seven discharge pipes 22 with a pipe diameter of 55 mm, simulation tests are carried out with the distances between the axis of the second pipe 222 and the axis of the first pipe 221 being 65 mm, 75 mm, 85 mm, and 95 mm. It can be seen from the figure that as the distance between the axis of the second pipe 222 and the axis of the first pipe 221 gradually decreases, the high-temperature region of the flame in the combustion chamber 11 gradually increases and is located in the central region of the combustion chamber 11, and the fuel burns more completely. Therefore, the distance between the axis of the second pipe 222 and the axis of the first pipe 221 is preferably 65 mm.

[0055] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combustion chamber of a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: A housing (1) having a combustion chamber (11) and an air inlet and an air outlet communicated with the combustion chamber (11); a fuel pipeline (2) disposed on the housing (1), the fuel pipeline (2) comprising a feed pipe (21) and a plurality of discharge pipes (22) connected to the feed pipe (21), all of the discharge pipes (22) being located in the combustion chamber (11) and arranged opposite to the air inlet, and all of the discharge pipes (22) being arranged in an array; An igniter (3) is arranged on the housing (1); The porous medium heat storage structure (4) is arranged in the combustion chamber (11) and is arranged opposite to the discharge pipe (22).

2. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: All of the discharge pipes (22) comprise a first pipe (221) and a plurality of second pipes (222); the first pipe (221) is coaxially arranged with the feed pipe (21); and all of the second pipes (222) are spaced apart around the axis of the first pipe (221).

3. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the first pipe (221) away from the feeding pipe (21) and one end of each of the second pipes (222) away from the feeding pipe (21) are configured to be tapered.

4. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the first pipe (221) and / or the second pipe (222) is configured to be 25-55 mm.

5. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the axis center of each second pipe (222) and the axis center of the first pipe (221) is configured to be 65-95 mm.

6. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It comprises a first sealing tube (5), an air inlet pipe (12) is provided at one end of the shell (1), an end of the air inlet pipe (12) away from the shell (1) is provided with a flared opening (121), the flared opening (121) serves as the air inlet, one end of the first sealing tube (5) is inserted into the flared opening (121), and a first accommodating groove (1211) is provided on the outer wall of the flared opening (121).

7. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the expanded opening (121) is provided with a first protrusion (1212), the first protrusion (1212) is provided with a receiving cavity (1213), an elastic member (1214) is provided in the receiving cavity (1213), the first sealing tube (5) is provided with a first limiting groove (51) corresponding to the first protrusion (1212), and the first protrusion (1212) is inserted into the first limiting groove (51).

8. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the expanded opening (121) is provided with a second accommodating groove (1215), and an air blocking plug (1216) is provided between the inner wall of the second accommodating groove (1215) relative to the first sealing tube (5) and the first sealing tube (5).

9. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The housing (1) comprises a second sealing tube (6), an exhaust pipe (13) is provided at the other end of the housing (1), an end of the exhaust pipe (13) away from the housing (1) serves as the exhaust port, a flow channel of the second sealing tube (6) comprises a first flow channel and a second flow channel, an end of the exhaust pipe (13) away from the housing (1) is inserted into the first flow channel, and a third accommodating groove (61) is provided on the outer wall of the exhaust pipe (13).

10. A fuel cell combustion chamber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer wall of the exhaust pipe (13) is provided with a second protrusion (131), the first flow channel is provided with a second limiting groove (62) corresponding to the second protrusion (131), the second protrusion (131) is inserted into the second limiting groove (62), and a third protrusion (63) is provided in the second flow channel.

Images