Integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen-electricity co-production system and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen-electricity co-production system and an operation method, and belongs to the technical field of coal-fired hydrogen-electricity co-production. By introducing the synthesis gas storage unit and the control unit, a dynamic decoupling control strategy among the gasification unit, the power generation unit and the hydrogen production unit is realized, so that the hydrogen production and power generation priority capability can be dynamically adjusted according to actual requirements when the coal-fired hydrogen-power co-production system is faced with load change; even under the working condition that the load fluctuates severely, the distribution proportion of the synthesis gas can be quickly adjusted to flexibly adapt to the change of the load demand; and meanwhile, the control unit is tightly connected with the gasification unit, so that the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity co-production system can adjust the supercritical water gasification reaction condition in real time, thereby accurately controlling the generation rate of the synthesis gas, ensuring that the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity co-production system can quickly respond to the fluctuation of the load and maintaining the continuous and stable energy supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration, and in particular to a coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the mainstay of the traditional power system, coal-fired power plants have long played an irreplaceable role in the stable operation of the power grid. However, in recent years, with the profound changes in the global energy structure, the penetration rate of renewable energy has increased rapidly, which has posed unprecedented challenges to the flexible peak-shaving capacity of the power grid. At the same time, as one of the main sources of carbon emissions, coal-fired power plants are strongly driven by the carbon neutrality goal and urgently need to achieve low-carbon transformation through technological innovation to meet the dual needs of power peak-shaving flexibility and environmental protection performance.

[0003] The traditional coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system based on gasification technology has successfully achieved flexible conversion between power generation and hydrogen production by using part of the synthesis gas generated by coal gasification for power generation and the other part for hydrogen production, opening up a new path for the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power plants. However, there is a significant problem with the traditional coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system: the strong coupling between the gasification unit and the power generation unit limits the response speed and regulation ability of the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system. Especially under conditions of severe load fluctuations, it is difficult for the system to find an ideal balance between efficiency and peak-shaving capacity.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve decoupling control between the gasification unit and the power generation unit to improve the response speed and regulation capability of the coal-fired hydrogen-power cogeneration system, while ensuring that it can maintain efficient and flexible operation even under conditions of severe load fluctuations, has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to overcome. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coal-fired hydrogen-power cogeneration system with integrated energy storage and an operation method, so as to overcome the problems of slow response and poor regulation capability caused by the strong coupling between the gasification unit and the power generation unit of the traditional coal-fired hydrogen-power cogeneration system in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions: A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage, comprising a gasification unit, a synthesis gas storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, a power generation unit and a control unit; The gasification unit is connected to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit respectively through the synthesis gas storage unit. The gasification unit is used to perform supercritical water gasification reaction on water and coal to generate synthesis gas; the synthesis gas storage unit is used to store the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification unit to achieve dynamic decoupling of the gasification unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit; the hydrogen production unit is used to extract hydrogen from the synthesis gas; and the power generation unit is used to generate electricity using the synthesis gas; The control unit is connected to the gasification unit and is used to regulate the generation rate of syngas in the gasification unit. The control unit is also respectively connected to the syngas storage unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit, and is used to regulate in real time the proportion of syngas distributed by the syngas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit.

[0007] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: it further includes a first data acquisition device, and the first data acquisition device is connected to the gasification unit and is used to obtain the real-time operation parameters of the gasification unit.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the gasification unit includes an air separation device, a supercritical water gasification reactor, a waste heat recovery device and a syngas cleaning device connected in sequence. The first data acquisition device is connected to the supercritical water gasification reactor and is used to obtain the coal supply amount of the supercritical water gasification reactor, the generation rate of syngas, the temperature and pressure of the supercritical water gasification reaction.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the syngas storage unit is a syngas storage tank provided with sensors, and the sensors are used to obtain the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the syngas storage tank; the output of the syngas cleaning device is connected to the input of the syngas storage tank.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the power generation unit includes a burner, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine connected in sequence; the waste heat recovery device is connected to the waste heat boiler, and the output of the syngas storage tank is divided into two paths, the first path is connected to the input of the burner; the second path is connected to the input of the hydrogen production unit.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the hydrogen production unit includes a water gas shift reactor and a gas separator connected in sequence. Among them, the first input of the water gas shift reactor is the input of the hydrogen production unit, the second input of the water gas shift reactor is connected to the output of the steam turbine, the water gas shift reactor is used to react carbon monoxide in the syngas with water vapor to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the gas separator is used to purify the hydrogen obtained by the water gas shift reactor.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the gas separator adopts one of the membrane separation and purification method, the pressure swing adsorption purification method or the cryogenic condensation purification method.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: it further includes a carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit, and the carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit is connected to the gas separator and is used to capture and compress carbon dioxide.

[0014] The present invention also provides an operation method for an integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system. By using the integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system as described above, historical operation parameters of the coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system are obtained. Based on the historical operation parameters, a load forecasting algorithm is used to obtain a load forecasting result; Based on the load forecasting result and combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of syngas in the gasification unit is regulated, and the proportion of syngas allocated by the syngas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit is regulated in real time.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the load forecasting result includes a load trough and a load peak. When the load forecasting result is a load trough, combined with the multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of syngas is reduced, and the surplus syngas is stored in the syngas storage unit. At the same time, the proportion of syngas allocated by the syngas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit is increased; when the load forecasting result is a load peak, combined with the multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of syngas is increased, and the syngas stored in the syngas storage unit is released. At the same time, the proportion of syngas allocated by the syngas storage unit to the power generation unit is increased.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the positive and progressive effects of the present invention are as follows: For the integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system provided by the present invention, by introducing a syngas storage unit and a control unit, a dynamic decoupling control strategy between the gasification unit, the power generation unit and the hydrogen production unit is realized, enabling the coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system to dynamically adjust the priority of hydrogen production and power generation according to actual needs when facing load changes. Even under the condition of severe load fluctuations, it can quickly adjust the distribution ratio of syngas and flexibly adapt to the change of load demand; at the same time, the gasification unit adopts supercritical water gasification reaction technology to provide a stable and reliable energy input for the entire coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system; the control unit is closely connected to the gasification unit, enabling the coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system to adjust the conditions of the supercritical water gasification reaction in real time, thereby accurately controlling the generation rate of syngas and ensuring that the coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system can quickly respond to load fluctuations and maintain the continuous and stable energy supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings in the specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and power co-generation system.

[0019] Among them, 1 is an air separation device, 2 is a supercritical water gasification reactor, 3 is a waste heat recovery device, 4 is a syngas cleaning device, 5 is a syngas storage tank, 6 is a burner, 7 is a gas turbine, 8 is a waste heat boiler, 9 is a steam turbine, 10 is a water gas shift reactor, and 11 is a gas separator. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is customarily placed during use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In addition, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, if terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", and "connected" are used, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0026] A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage, comprising a gasification unit, a synthesis gas storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, a power generation unit and a control unit; The gasification unit is connected to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit respectively through the synthesis gas storage unit. The gasification unit is used to perform supercritical water gasification reaction on water and coal to generate synthesis gas; the synthesis gas storage unit is used to store the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification unit to achieve dynamic decoupling of the gasification unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit; the hydrogen production unit is used to extract hydrogen from the synthesis gas; and the power generation unit is used to generate electricity using the synthesis gas; The control unit is connected to the gasification unit for regulating the generation rate of synthesis gas of the gasification unit; the control unit is also respectively connected to the synthesis gas storage unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit for real-time regulation of the proportion of synthesis gas distributed from the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit.

[0027] The coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage provided by the present invention realizes a dynamic decoupling control strategy among the gasification unit, the power generation unit and the hydrogen production unit by introducing a synthesis gas storage unit and a control unit, so that the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system can dynamically adjust the priority of hydrogen production and power generation according to actual needs when facing load changes, and can quickly adjust the distribution ratio of synthesis gas even under conditions of drastic load fluctuations to flexibly adapt to changes in load demand; at the same time, the gasification unit adopts supercritical water gasification reaction technology to provide stable and reliable energy input for the entire coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system; the control unit is closely connected with the gasification unit, so that the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system can adjust the conditions of the supercritical water gasification reaction in real time, thereby accurately controlling the generation rate of synthesis gas, ensuring that the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system can quickly respond to load fluctuations and maintain continuous and stable energy supply.

[0028] Specifically, it also includes a first data acquisition device, which is connected to the gasification unit and is used to obtain real-time operating parameters of the gasification unit.

[0029] Specifically, the gasification unit includes an air separation device 1, a supercritical water gasification reactor 2, a waste heat recovery device 3 and a synthesis gas cleaning device 4 which are connected in sequence. The first data acquisition device is connected to the supercritical water gasification reactor 2 and is used to obtain the coal supply amount of the supercritical water gasification reactor 2, the synthesis gas generation rate, and the temperature and pressure of the supercritical water gasification reaction.

[0030] Specifically, the synthesis gas storage unit is a synthesis gas storage tank 5 provided with a sensor, and the sensor is used to obtain the temperature, pressure and flow of the synthesis gas storage tank 5; the output of the synthesis gas cleaning device 4 is connected to the input of the synthesis gas storage tank 5.

[0031] Specifically, the power generation unit includes a burner 6, a gas turbine 7, a waste heat boiler 8, and a steam turbine 9 that are connected in sequence; the waste heat recovery device 3 is connected to the waste heat boiler 8, and the output of the synthesis gas storage tank 5 is divided into two paths. The first path is connected to the input of the burner 6; the second path is connected to the input of the hydrogen production unit.

[0032] Specifically, the hydrogen production unit includes a water gas shift reactor 10 and a gas separator 11 that are connected in sequence. Among them, the first input of the water gas shift reactor 10 is the input of the hydrogen production unit, the second input of the water gas shift reactor 10 is connected to the output of the steam turbine 9, the water gas shift reactor 10 is used to react carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas with water vapor to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the gas separator 11 is used to purify the hydrogen obtained by the water gas shift reactor 10.

[0033] Specifically, the gas separator 11 adopts one of the membrane separation purification method, pressure swing adsorption purification method, or cryogenic condensation purification method.

[0034] Specifically, it further includes a carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit, and the carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit is connected to the gas separator 11 for capturing and compressing carbon dioxide.

[0035] Adopting carbon dioxide capture technology, carbon dioxide is efficiently captured and utilized during the hydrogen production process to reduce the carbon emission intensity; by using hydrogen as a green energy source for external supply or energy storage medium, not only the environmental performance of the system is improved, but also technical support is provided for the future low-carbon transformation of the power plant.

[0036] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an operation method for an integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system. Using the integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system as described above, historical operation parameters of the coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system are obtained. Based on the historical operation parameters, a load forecasting algorithm is used to obtain a load forecasting result; Based on the load forecasting result and combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of the synthesis gas in the gasification unit is regulated and the ratio of the synthesis gas distributed by the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit is regulated in real time.

[0037] Specifically, the load forecasting result includes a load trough and a load peak. When the load forecasting result is a load trough, combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of the synthesis gas is reduced, and the surplus synthesis gas is stored in the synthesis gas storage unit. At the same time, the ratio of the synthesis gas distributed by the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit is increased; when the load forecasting result is a load peak, combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of the synthesis gas is increased, and the synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage unit is released. At the same time, the ratio of the synthesis gas distributed by the synthesis gas storage unit to the power generation unit is increased.

[0038] By organically integrating the gasification unit with the power generation unit and the hydrogen production unit, based on supercritical water gasification technology, this method significantly improves the gasification reaction efficiency of coal, reduces the generation of tar and solid residues, and through the introduction of a syngas storage tank, dynamically decouples the gasification unit from the subsequent units, improving the load response speed; combined with an intelligent control unit, it dynamically adjusts the ratio of power generation to hydrogen production to achieve reasonable distribution and efficient utilization of energy. At low loads, the system preferentially produces hydrogen and stores thermal energy; at high loads, it preferentially generates electricity for the power grid. This flexible operation mode effectively improves the overall efficiency of the system while reducing the operating cost.

[0039] Example 1 See Figure 1 , an integrated coal-fired hydrogen and power co-production system with energy storage, including a gasification unit, a syngas storage unit, a power generation unit, a hydrogen production unit and a control unit. Among them, the gasification unit includes an air separation device 1, a supercritical water gasification reactor 2, a waste heat recovery device 3 and a syngas cleaning device 4 connected in sequence; the syngas storage unit includes a syngas storage tank 5; the power generation unit includes a burner 6, a gas turbine 7, a waste heat boiler 8 and a steam turbine 9 connected in sequence; the hydrogen production unit includes a water gas shift reactor 10 and a gas separator 11 connected in sequence; the waste heat recovery device 3 is connected to the waste heat boiler 8, the syngas cleaning device 4 is connected to the syngas storage tank 5, and the steam turbine 9 is connected to the water gas shift reactor 10. Among them, the gasification unit is used to gasify coal to generate syngas; the syngas storage unit is used to store the syngas generated by the gasification unit to achieve dynamic decoupling of the gasification unit from the subsequent units; the power generation unit is used to generate electricity using syngas and recover waste heat; the hydrogen production unit is used to produce and extract hydrogen from syngas; the control unit is used to adjust the distribution ratio of the syngas in the syngas storage unit between the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit in real time.

[0040] Among them, the syngas storage tank 5 adopts high-pressure storage technology, the tank body material is a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant alloy material, and is equipped with sensors for real-time monitoring of gas temperature, pressure and flow rate to ensure operation safety and energy storage efficiency; the gas turbine 7 uses syngas as fuel to generate electricity, and the steam turbine 9 recovers the heat in the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 7 through the waste heat boiler 8 to generate electricity, realizing cascaded utilization of thermal energy; the water gas shift reactor 10 is used to react carbon monoxide in syngas with water vapor to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen; the gas separator 11 uses membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption device or cryogenic condensation method to separate and purify the generated gas to obtain high-purity hydrogen; the control unit supports multi-objective optimization algorithms, aiming at maximizing energy efficiency, minimizing operating cost and carbon emissions, dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of each unit to achieve comprehensive optimization of economic and environmental performance.

[0041] Example 2 An operation method for an integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system, using the integrated energy storage coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system described in Embodiment 1. High-purity oxygen is obtained through the air separation device 1. Coal reacts with oxygen and steam in the supercritical water gasification reactor 2 to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure gasification synthesis gas. After passing through the waste heat recovery device 3 and the synthesis gas cleaning device 4, the gasification synthesis gas enters the synthesis gas storage tank 5. Part of the synthesis gas in the synthesis gas storage tank 5 enters the power generation unit, is completely oxidized to high-temperature flue gas in the burner 6, enters the gas turbine 7 to expand and do work for power generation. The exhaust gas of the gas turbine 7 is used for waste heat recovery through the waste heat boiler 8 to drive the steam turbine 9 to further expand and do work, improving the power generation efficiency of the system. The remaining synthesis gas in the synthesis gas storage tank 5 enters the hydrogen production unit, and through the water gas shift reactor 10 and the gas separator 11, high-purity hydrogen products are obtained, and the separated carbon dioxide is captured and utilized. The historical operation parameters of the coal-fired hydrogen and electricity co-generation system are obtained, and based on the historical operation parameters, a load forecasting algorithm is used to obtain the load forecasting result. Based on the load forecasting result, the generation rate of the synthesis gas in the gasification unit is regulated, thereby regulating the synthesis gas output of the gasification unit. The load forecasting result includes load troughs and load peaks. When the load forecasting result is a load trough, the generation rate of the synthesis gas is reduced, and the surplus synthesis gas is stored in the synthesis gas storage unit. At the same time, the proportion of the synthesis gas allocated from the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit is increased. When the load forecasting result is a load peak, the generation rate of the synthesis gas is increased, and the synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage unit is released. At the same time, the proportion of the synthesis gas allocated from the synthesis gas storage unit to the power generation unit is increased.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above-listed embodiments exist only as one or more specific forms of the technical solutions of the present invention. Their purpose is to clearly elaborate the concept, principle, and application method of the present invention through specific examples, rather than intending to limit the protection scope of the present invention to these specific embodiments. In fact, the true value of the present invention lies in the proposed technical ideas and innovation points, rather than its form of expression or implementation means.

[0043] For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains, after deeply reading and understanding the technical solutions of the present invention, they are fully capable of making various forms of changes, modifications, or equivalent replacements to the specific implementation manners of the invention based on their own professional knowledge and skills. These changes may include, but are not limited to: adjusting the value range of technical parameters, optimizing the algorithm process to improve efficiency, replacing some technical components to achieve better compatibility or reduce costs, etc. As long as the changed technical solutions still substantially maintain the technical features required to be protected by the original invention, that is, they can still achieve the core functions and effects of the present invention, then these changes should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the pending claims of the present invention.

[0044] In addition, with the continuous progress and development of technology, new technical means and methods are constantly emerging, which also provides a broad space for the further improvement and perfection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should also include those reasonable and foreseeable improvements and extensions based on the prior art. As long as these improvements and extensions do not depart from the basic principles and core concepts of the present invention, they should be regarded as equivalents of the present invention and are equally protected by the patent right.

Claims

1. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage, characterized in that: It includes a gasification unit, a synthesis gas storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, a power generation unit and a control unit; The gasification unit is connected to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit respectively through the synthesis gas storage unit. The gasification unit is used to perform supercritical water gasification reaction on water and coal to generate synthesis gas; the synthesis gas storage unit is used to store the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification unit to achieve dynamic decoupling of the gasification unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit; the hydrogen production unit is used to extract hydrogen from the synthesis gas; and the power generation unit is used to generate electricity using the synthesis gas; The control unit is connected to the gasification unit for regulating the generation rate of synthesis gas of the gasification unit; the control unit is also respectively connected to the synthesis gas storage unit, the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit for real-time regulation of the proportion of synthesis gas distributed from the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit.

2. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first data acquisition device, which is connected to the gasification unit and is used to obtain real-time operating parameters of the gasification unit.

3. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gasification unit comprises an air separation device (1), a supercritical water gasification reactor (2), a waste heat recovery device (3) and a synthesis gas cleaning device (4) which are connected in sequence, and a first data acquisition device is connected to the supercritical water gasification reactor (2) and is used to obtain the coal supply amount of the supercritical water gasification reactor (2), the synthesis gas generation rate, and the temperature and pressure of the supercritical water gasification reaction.

4. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The synthesis gas storage unit is a synthesis gas storage tank (5) provided with a sensor, the sensor being used to obtain the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the synthesis gas storage tank (5); the output of the synthesis gas cleaning device (4) is connected to the input of the synthesis gas storage tank (5).

5. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power generation unit comprises a burner (6), a gas turbine (7), a waste heat boiler (8) and a steam turbine (9) which are connected in sequence; the waste heat recovery device (3) is connected to the waste heat boiler (8); the output of the synthesis gas storage tank (5) is divided into two paths, the first path is connected to the input of the burner (6); and the second path is connected to the input of the hydrogen production unit.

6. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen production unit comprises a water-gas shift reactor (10) and a gas separator (11) connected in sequence, wherein a first input of the water-gas shift reactor (10) is an input of the hydrogen production unit, a second input of the water-gas shift reactor (10) is connected to an output of a steam turbine (9), the water-gas shift reactor (10) is used to react carbon monoxide in synthesis gas with water vapor to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the gas separator (11) is used to purify the hydrogen obtained by the water-gas shift reactor (10).

7. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas separator (11) adopts one of a membrane separation purification method, a pressure swing adsorption purification method or a low-temperature condensation purification method.

8. A coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a carbon dioxide capture and utilization unit, which is connected to the gas separator (11) and is used to capture and compress carbon dioxide.

9. A method for operating a coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage, characterized in that: Using the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, obtaining historical operating parameters of the coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system, and using a load forecasting algorithm based on the historical operating parameters to obtain a load forecasting result; Based on the load forecast results combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the generation rate of syngas in the gasification unit is regulated, and the proportion of syngas allocated from the syngas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit and the power generation unit is regulated in real time.

10. The method for operating a coal-fired hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system with integrated energy storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The load forecast result includes load valley and load peak. When the load forecast result is load valley, the generation rate of synthesis gas is reduced in combination with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and the surplus synthesis gas is stored in the synthesis gas storage unit, while the proportion of synthesis gas allocated from the synthesis gas storage unit to the hydrogen production unit is increased; when the load forecast result is load peak, the generation rate of synthesis gas is increased in combination with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and the synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage unit is released, while the proportion of synthesis gas allocated from the synthesis gas storage unit to the power generation unit is increased.

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