Device for spacing battery cells of vehicle battery pack

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for spacing cells of a battery, comprising a spacer in contact with adjacent large sides of the cells, the spacer comprising:-a flow region positioned opposite the adjacent large sides of the cells and extending over a majority of these large sides,-one or more ribs, the invention relates to a heat transfer device comprising a plurality of cells forming at least one forced flow circuit (C) of the fluid between the cells, in which turbulators (T) are present in the flow region along the forced flow circuit (C) so as to generate turbulent flow in the flow of the heat transfer fluid between the inlet (E) and the outlet (S) of the forced flow circuit, which turbulators are raised and extend in the height direction in the ribs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for spacing battery cells of a vehicle battery pack. The invention also relates to a device for thermally regulating a vehicle battery pack comprising such a device, and to a cooling device comprising such a system.

[0002] The invention relates in particular to the technical field of thermal regulation of electrical energy storage elements, in particular battery elements, which are prone to releasing heat during their operation. The invention is preferably, but not exclusively, applied in the automotive field, more particularly in the field of electric and / or hybrid vehicles. Background Art

[0003] The electrical energy of an electric and / or hybrid vehicle is provided by one or more battery packs, each of which comprises a plurality of battery cells. During their operation, the cells heat up and swell, with the risk of being damaged. In particular, a charging technique known as fast charging consists in charging the cells at high voltage and high amperage in a short time, in particular in a maximum time of about 20 minutes. This fast charging implies a considerable heating of the cells, and this heating needs to be managed.

[0004] In the motor vehicle sector, it is known practice to use thermal regulation systems, in particular for cooling the battery pack. Such thermal regulation systems make it possible to modify the temperature of the battery pack, for example when starting the vehicle in cold weather, for example by increasing its temperature, or by reducing the temperature of the cells that tend to heat up during use, whether during driving or during charging operations.

[0005] According to a known solution, the thermal regulation system comprises a cooling plate in which a cooling fluid circulates and which is arranged in contact with the cells to be cooled. It has been found that this arrangement can lead to uneven cooling of the cells of one and the same battery pack to be cooled, resulting in a reduction in overall performance. This thermal regulation system also has a high thermal resistance due to the thickness of the material present between the cooling fluid and the cells to be cooled. Moreover, this solution usually takes up a considerable amount of space.

[0006] According to another known thermal regulation solution, dielectric fluid is usually atomized and directed directly to the battery core in the form of a spray by a dielectric fluid loop and a dielectric fluid nozzle or hole. Then, heat exchange can occur between the battery core and the dielectric fluid in direct contact with the surface of the battery core. After the dielectric fluid has been sprayed onto the battery core, particularly in the liquid phase, the dielectric fluid can flow along the wall of the battery core, and is particularly accumulated in the lower part of the housing that accommodates the battery pack to be thermally regulated. For example, this solution is described in patent FR3077683. However, it is worth noting that, in the case of use in a vehicle, the battery core is not necessarily flat, parallel to the horizontal, but can be tilted, tilted relative to the horizontal, so that the dielectric fluid can only accumulate on one side. The accumulated dielectric fluid is not uniformly distributed relative to the battery core. When the vehicle itself is tilted, for example, on a tilted road, or because of the vibration caused by road conditions, driving or any other conditions, these problems will also be encountered. In addition, this can produce greater work for the pump, for example, in order to be able to suck out the dielectric fluid accumulated on one side from the housing. Additionally, the pump may draw air in, which may damage the pump.

[0007] Patent FR3060863 proposes another solution for dissipating the heat generated by battery cells, consisting in installing spacers between the cells in order to separate them from each other and blowing cooling air towards the cells. However, the solution proposed in said document is relatively complex to produce and does not achieve uniform and optimal cooling of the cells in practice. It has also been found that the time required to bring the cells to the desired temperature can be relatively long.

[0008] A conditioning system comprising a housing in which a cooling fluid circulates and in which the battery pack is contained is also known. This method enables heat exchange between the cells and the cooling fluid. However, immersing the cells in the fluid does not allow for uniform cooling of the cells.

[0009] The present invention aims to remedy all or part of the above-mentioned disadvantages. In particular, one object of the present invention is to propose a device for spacing battery cells, allowing the cells of a battery pack to be cooled more evenly and more effectively. Another object of the present invention is to propose a thermal regulation system that allows the cells to reach the desired temperature more quickly. Another object of the present invention is to propose a thermal regulation system that is simple in design, low in cost and easy to install. Summary of the invention

[0010] The solution proposed by the present invention is a device for spacing battery cells of a vehicle battery pack, comprising spacers configured to be in contact with adjacent large side surfaces of the cells.

[0011] The spacer comprises:

[0012] a flow region arranged to be located opposite an adjacent large side surface of the cell and to extend over a large part of said large side surface,

[0013] - one or more ribs extending into the flow area, arranged so as to form at least one forced circulation circuit for a heat transfer fluid between the cells, preferably such that the fluid is in contact with two adjacent large side faces of the cells, the forced circulation circuit comprising an inlet and an outlet.

[0014] Turbulators are present in the flow region along the forced circulation circuit in order to generate turbulence in the heat transfer fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet of said forced circulation circuit, the turbulators being arranged convexly and extending over the height of the ribs.

[0015] The fact that two rotating members control the fluid flow between the holes in the first series, combined with the fact that the three stages can be fluidically connected, allows the number of possible operating modes to be greatly increased, while maintaining radial and axial compactness, compared to the prior art stepped multiway valves. The multiway valve according to the invention allows, for example, the combination of four three-way valves or three four-way valves. Furthermore, the use of three different rotating members allows each of them to be designed in a specific way so as to very simply provide all the combinations suitable for the desired operating modes.

[0016] Other advantageous features of the invention (in its various aspects) are listed below. Each of these features can be considered alone or in combination with the significant features defined above. Each of these features appropriately contributes to solving the specific technical problems defined earlier in the specification, while other features defined above do not necessarily contribute to solving these problems. Therefore, the following features may appropriately form the subject of one or more divisional patent applications:

[0017] According to one embodiment, turbulators are arranged on one or more supports different from the spacers and are added to the forced circulation circuit.

[0018] According to another embodiment, the turbulators and the spacers together form a one-piece component.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the turbulators and / or the ribs are arranged on a support configured to be attached to the battery cell.

[0020] Another aspect of the invention relates to a system for thermal regulation of a vehicle battery pack, comprising:

[0021] - a housing comprising a circuit for circulating a heat transfer fluid, the housing being suitable for housing a battery comprising at least two battery cells of substantially parallelepiped shape, each having two large sides, the cells being adjacent at one of their large sides,

[0022] - Device for spacing cells according to one of the preceding features.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the turbulators and / or ribs are formed in the wall of at least one large side surface of the battery cell, preferably in each wall of two large side surfaces of the battery cell.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the turbulators and / or ribs protrude from a wall of a large side surface of one battery cell and extend toward a wall of a large side surface of another adjacent battery cell.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the thermal switch thermally insulates the turbulators and / or the ribs from the wall of the large side of another adjacent cell.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the turbulators are made of a thermally insulating material, preferably a polymer material or a polymer-based composite material.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the turbulator has:

[0028] - a first portion adapted to come into contact with a large side surface of the cell,

[0029] - a second portion adapted to contact a large side surface of another adjacent cell,

[0030] - A thermal switch thermally insulating the first portion from the second portion.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the first part and the second part of the turbulator are made of a thermally conductive material, preferably a polymer material or a polymer-based composite material.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the thermal switch forms a support to which the first part and the second part are attached.

[0033] According to one embodiment, a thermal switch forms a physical interface between a first part and a second part, the switch being made of a material having a melting point below a threshold temperature, so that when the temperature of the first part and / or the second part reaches the threshold temperature, the switch melts without leaving any physical contact between the first part and the second part, the melting point being preferably less than or equal to 200°C.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the system comprises a variable turbulator density along the forced circulation circuit, the turbulator density at the outlet of the forced circulation circuit being preferably greater than the turbulator density at the inlet of said circuit.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the forced circulation circuit comprises a fluid circulation portion of variable width, preferably with a width that decreases gradually or continuously from the inlet to the outlet.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the spacers and / or turbulators are snap-fastened or bonded to at least one of the cells.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the ribs are arranged such that the forced circulation circuit has at least one change of flow direction.

[0038] A further aspect of the invention relates to a cooling device comprising a system according to one of the preceding features and further comprising:

[0039] - a battery pack comprising N adjacent battery cells, including two end cells, each arranged at an end wall of the housing, N being an integer greater than 3,

[0040] - The system comprises at least N-1 spacers, preferably N+1 spacers.

[0041] According to one embodiment:

[0042] - a spacer is installed between each cell adjacent to another cell;

[0043] - a spacer is mounted between each end wall of the housing and the end cell, the large side of the end cell being adjacent to said wall,

[0044] The spacer is a spacer according to one of the preceding features, such that all large sides of the cell are cooled by the forced flow circuit.

[0045] According to one embodiment:

[0046] - A battery pack comprises two or more rows of cells placed side by side,

[0047] - the ribs of each spacer are formed so as to create one or more forced circulation circuits, each of said circuits having one or more arched connections on the two large sides of two cells arranged side by side,

[0048] - Each spacer preferably comprises an intermediate rib extending over the height of the cells and, during use, situated between the side edges of the large sides, such that the intermediate rib fills the space between two cells and forms a seal between the cells.

[0049] According to one embodiment, openings are provided in the middle rib to allow fluid to circulate between the large sides of two cells arranged side by side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Further advantages and characteristics of the invention will become more apparent on reading the following description of embodiments given by way of non-limiting indicative example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0051] Figure 1 is an exploded view showing various constituent elements of the apparatus, system, and device according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2is a perspective view of the shell.

[0053] Figure 3 is a perspective view of an example of a spacer according to the present invention (turbulators not shown).

[0054] Figure 4 An assembly of two adjacent battery cells is shown, to which a spacer is mounted (turbulators not shown).

[0055] Figure 5 Shows Figure 4 AA cross-section of the component.

[0056] Figure 6 Shows Figure 2 BB section view of (beams and turbulators not shown).

[0057] Fig. 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C , Fig.7D , Fig. 7E and Figure 7F Various possible configurations of spacers and fluid flow are shown (turbulators not shown).

[0058] Fig. 8A and Figure 8B One way of circulating a fluid in a housing is shown, the housing being viewed from above and from below.

[0059] Fig. 9 The configuration of the spacer with turbulators is shown.

[0060] Fig.10 and Fig.11 Different turbulator configurations are shown.

[0061] Fig.12 , Fig.13 , Fig.14 , Fig.15 and Fig.16 yes Figure 5 Magnified view of detail D showing different turbulator arrangements.

[0062] Fig.17 A front view of a battery cell incorporating ribs and turbulators on one of its large sides.

[0063] Fig.18 , Fig.19 , Fig. 20 and Fig.21 Other turbulator arrangements are shown.

[0064] Fig. 22 A battery pack is shown comprising two rows of cells placed side by side (turbulators not shown).

[0065] Fig.23 Shown for Fig. 22 Possible configurations of spacers for a battery pack (turbulators not shown).

[0066] Fig.24 Possible configurations of fluid inlet and outlet manifolds are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, any use of the ordinal adjectives "first," "second," etc., when describing an object simply means that various occurrences of similar objects are mentioned, and does not mean that the objects so described are required to be in a given order, whether in time, space, order, or in any other manner. "X and / or Y" means: X alone or Y alone or X+Y. In general, it should be understood that in the various figures, objects are arbitrarily drawn to make the figures easier to read.

[0068] The thermal regulation system forming the subject of the present invention seeks to regulate the temperature of a battery pack, in particular of an electric and / or hybrid motor vehicle. However, it can be fitted to other types of vehicles, or used to regulate the temperature of other electrical and / or electronic components, such as power electronics and, without limitation, semiconductors such as diodes or transistors. These can also be components of computer servers. According to a preferred embodiment, the thermal regulation consists in cooling the cells of the battery pack.

[0069] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment, the battery pack 1 comprises at least two battery cells 10, typically between 2 and 25 cells, which are housed in a housing 2 ( Figure 2 According to one embodiment, the battery pack 1 includes N adjacent battery cells 10 , wherein N is an integer greater than 2 and preferably greater than 3, including two end battery cells, each located at an end wall 201 of the housing 2 .

[0070] The cells 10 are of a type known to those skilled in the art, generally prismatic, that is to say having the general shape of a parallelepiped, each having two large sides 100, two small sides 103, a top face 101 and a bottom face 102. These different faces are generally planar, but some of them may be curved (disc-shaped or arched). The cells 10 are positioned so that they are adjacent at their large sides 100.

[0071] The battery pack 1 is housed in a housing 2 formed by a casing 20, which is sealed by a cover 21 and a bottom wall 22. The casing 20 has an internal space capable of housing one or more battery packs. A structural beam 24 may be fixed to the casing 20 to further reinforce the casing 2.

[0072] exist Figure 2In the embodiment, the housing 2 has the overall shape of a parallelepiped, but other suitable shapes may be envisaged, in particular depending on the overall shape of the battery pack 2. According to one embodiment, the various elements 20, 21, 22 are produced by moulding plastic material, but other materials suitable to a person skilled in the art may also be used.

[0073] exist Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG. 4 , the housing 20 is defined by two side walls 200 extending in the longitudinal direction and two end walls 201 perpendicular to the side walls.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the cover 21 is provided with one or more heat transfer fluid flow channels 210 forming a manifold. 1 ,210 2 , are in fluid communication with the housing 20. Preferably, these channels 210 1 ,210 2 The channels 210 extend along the entire length of the housing 20 so as to be in fluid communication with all of the cells 10 of the battery pack 1. 1 ,210 2 It can be used as an inlet (i.e., where the fluid arrives at the housing 2) or an outlet (i.e., where the fluid exits the housing 2). According to one embodiment, a channel 210 1 can serve as an entrance, while another channel 210 2 According to another embodiment, channel 210 1 ,210 2 According to another embodiment, channel 210 1 ,210 2 In another embodiment, the cover 21 has no heat transfer fluid flow channel, and the fluid only enters / exhausts at the bottom wall 22 .

[0075] According to one embodiment, the bottom wall 22 is made of two parts 220, 221 assembled together, for example by screwing, welding, bonding, etc. The first part 22 is in the form of a plate for attachment to the bottom of the housing 20. The second part 221 presents an opening 2200 formed in the plate 222. 1 ,2200 2 Channel 2210 opened at 1 ,2210 2 The opening is in fluid communication with the housing 20. Figure 1 In the embodiment, these openings extend along the entire length of the housing 20 so as to be in fluid communication with all cells 10 of the battery pack 1. 1 ,2210 2Leading to each spacer 3 (leading to each inter-cell space). However, the bottom wall 22 may be made in one piece and then the channels 2210 may be integrated directly into the plate 220, for example by molding. The bottom wall 22 may form the bottom of the housing 20 or may be an additional wall attached independently of the bottom of the housing.

[0076] Channel 2210 in bottom wall 22 1 ,2210 2 For the circulation of heat transfer fluid 210. They can be used as inlets (i.e. where the fluid arrives at the housing 2) or outlets (i.e. where the fluid is discharged from the housing 2). According to one embodiment, a channel 2210 1 can serve as an entrance, while another channel 2210 2 According to another embodiment, channel 2210 1 ,2210 2 According to yet another embodiment, channel 2210 1 ,2210 2 In another embodiment, the bottom wall 22 has no heat transfer fluid flow channel, and the fluid only enters / exhausts at the cover 21 .

[0077] Reference Figure 2 , the inlet / outlet of the housing 2 is connected to a heat transfer fluid circulation circuit 23, which comprises, for example, a pumping circuit, in particular enabling the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in said housing in order to regulate the temperature of the battery cells 10 contained therein. The fluid circulation in the housing 2 will be described in detail in the following description. The temperature control preferably comprises regulating the cooling to keep the battery cells 10 at a temperature less than or equal to a threshold temperature, for example between 20° C. and 40° C. When the battery cells 10 exceed this threshold temperature, they are cooled by the heat transfer fluid, which is the cooling fluid.

[0078] In a particularly advantageous manner, the inlet of the housing 2 may include a filter configured to filter the heat transfer fluid in order to prevent particles from circulating in said housing. These particles also have the disadvantage of reducing the efficiency of the heat transfer fluid, in particular in terms of its heat exchange capacity. The filter is therefore preferably placed at the inlet of the housing 2 and / or upstream of the fluid inlet of the circuit 23. For example, the filter is installed in the channel 210 1 ,210 2 ,2210 1 ,2210 2 Advantageously, the filter screen may be generally cylindrical. Alternatively, the filter screen may be adapted to fit within the channel / manifold 210. 1 ,210 2 ,2210 1 ,2210 2The filter screen is generally formed of a rigid structure, in particular made of plastic or metal material, in the form of a mesh or frame. The mesh serves as a support for a grid capable of filtering particles with a size less than 200 μm, preferably with a size less than 50 μm. The grid is advantageously made of metal material.

[0079] In some cases, such as when the vehicle is started, conditioning may also include heating the cells 10 , particularly when they are at a temperature less than or equal to a threshold temperature, such as less than 0° C. Below this threshold temperature, the cells 10 are heated by the heat transfer fluid, which is the heating fluid.

[0080] The heat transfer fluid used is preferably a dielectric liquid, such as mineral oil or a fluorinated liquid. However, the heat transfer fluid may be in some other form, such as in the form of blown air. Depending on the desired thermal regulation, the fluid may be pre-cooled or pre-heated.

[0081] A spacer 3 (or insert, both terms being synonymous in the meaning of the present invention) is installed between each cell 10 adjacent to another cell in order to separate these cells. The spacer 3 is also advantageously installed between each end wall 201 of the housing 2 and the end cell 10, the large side surface 100 of the end cell being adjacent to the wall. According to one embodiment, if the battery pack 1 comprises N cells 10, the system comprises at least N-1 spacers 3, preferably N+1 spacers.

[0082] Advantageously, the spacer 3 has a relatively low thermal conductivity, thereby acting as a thermal insulator between the cells. According to one embodiment, the spacer 3 is composed of a thermal conductivity of at most 0.4 Wm -1 .K -1 The material preferably has a thermal conductivity of at most 0.2 Wm - 1 .K -1 The material used can be a polymer or polymer-based composite material, or a material from the silicate family, preferably made of fiber-reinforced calcium silicate.

[0083] Each spacer 3 has a structure configured so that it can be removably mounted on the battery cell 10, preferably by snap fastening. According to one embodiment, the structure of the spacer 3 is adjusted (for example, by elastically deforming the structure) to adapt to the shape of the battery cell 10 so that it can be tightly mounted on the battery cell, so that the contact between the structure and the battery cell is a fluid-tight contact. According to another embodiment, the spacer 3 can be permanently mounted on the battery cell 10 and attached, for example, by bonding or welding.

[0084] exist Figure 3 , 4In Figures 5 and 6, the structure of the spacer 3 has the overall shape of a U-shaped channel. It can be in the form of a single-piece component, or in the form of multiple parts that are different from each other. The spacer 3 has a first support area 30 configured to abut against the large side surface 100 of the battery cell 10, a second support area 31 configured to abut against the top surface 101 of the battery cell, and a third support area 32 configured to abut against the bottom surface 102 of the battery cell. However, the structure of the spacer 3 can have a different configuration and, for example, have only the first support area 30, or only the first area 30 and the second area 31, or only the first area 30 and the third area 32.

[0085] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, when the battery cell 10 is installed in the housing 2 in a use configuration, the first region 30 not only abuts against the large side 100 of the battery cell 10 (the space 3 is installed against the large side) (hereinafter referred to as the "front" large side), but also abuts against the large side 100 of the adjacent battery cell 10 (hereinafter referred to as the "rear" large side). Therefore, the first region 30 is sandwiched between the adjacent large sides of the battery cell. According to a preferred embodiment, the contact between the first region 30 and the front and rear large sides of the adjacent battery cell is a fluid-tight contact. Alternatively or in addition, one or more sealing gaskets are installed in the space between adjacent battery cells 10 to produce a fluid-tight contact.

[0086] In terms of length and width, the first region 30 has the same or substantially the same dimensions as the large side 100. It defines a flow area located opposite the large side 100 of the cell 10, against which the spacer 3 is mounted, and which extends over a large portion of said large side. Symmetrically, this flow area is also located opposite the rear large side of the adjacent cell, so that the fluid flowing in said region is in contact with both large sides of the adjacent cell.

[0087] According to one embodiment, the flow area 30 extends over at least 51%, advantageously at least 90% and preferably at least 95% of the surface of the adjacent large sides 100. A large part of these large sides 100 can thus be in contact with the heat transfer fluid, as explained later in the description.

[0088] One or more ribs 300 extend in the perforated portion of the flow area 30 and are arranged to form one or more forced circulation loops for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid between adjacent cells. The term "forced circulation" means that the fluid is forced to flow along one or more separate paths imposed by the arrangement of one or more ribs 300. Thus, this or these loops are bounded on the one hand by the adjacent large sides 100 of the cell and on the other hand by the ribs 300. Thus, all large sides 100 of the cell 10 are cooled by the forced circulation loop. The number of passages (that is to say the changes in direction in the forced circulation loop) is tailored to suit the desired level of heat exchange and / or to the permissible pressure drop. The best results in terms of heat exchange are obtained when the forced circulation loop has at least one change in direction of the fluid, advantageously at least three, preferably between five and ten changes in direction (this range provides a good compromise in terms of heat exchange and pressure loss).

[0089] Each forced circulation circuit includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the inlet / outlet being defined by an arrangement of one or more ribs 300. Figure 4 and 6 In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of ribs 300 are arranged to form two different circuits, C1 and C2, each circuit including respective inlets E1 and E2 and respective outlets S1 and S2. In other embodiments, the ribs 300 are arranged to form M forced circulation circuits, where M is an integer greater than 2.

[0090] exist Figure 4 In the example of FIG. 1 , the inlets E1 and E2 are located at one edge of the large side surface 100 (where the large side surface meets the bottom surface 102), and the outlets S1 and S2 are located at the other edge of the large surface (where the large surface meets the top surface 101). However, other inlet / outlet configurations are also conceivable, especially with Figure 4 The configuration of the first loop C1 is opposite to that of the first loop C2. Similarly, the inlet and outlet are not necessarily located at the same edge of the large side 100. The inlet E1 of the first loop C1 can be located at a first edge (e.g., the top edge), and the outlet S1 is located at a second edge (e.g., the bottom edge), while the inlet E2 of the second loop C2 is located at the second edge and the outlet S2 is located at the first edge, or vice versa. According to another configuration example, the inlet E1 and outlet E2 of the first loop C1 are located at the same edge, such as the bottom edge, while the inlet E2 and outlet E2 of the second loop C2 are located at another edge, such as the top edge. In other embodiments, all or some of the inlets / outlets are located at one or more side edges of the large side 100 (at the junction where the large side meets the small side 103).

[0091] The rib 300 is preferably straight, but may be curved or have curved and straight portions, or may be in the form of a dashed line, or in any other form suitable to a person skilled in the art.

[0092] The rib 300 is in close contact with the adjacent large side surface 100. This close contact creates a fluid tightness, so that the circulation of the fluid in the forced circulation circuit C1, C2 occurs only between the inlet E1, E2 and the outlet S1, S2 of the circuit. When the spacer 3 defines a plurality of circuits, there is obviously no fluid communication between these circuits, thereby ensuring uniform circulation within each circuit. Alternatively or in addition, one or more sealing gaskets are arranged in the space between adjacent battery cells 10, in particular on the rib 300, so that the circulation of the fluid in the forced circulation circuit occurs only between the inlet and outlet of the circuit.

[0093] The structural thickness of the spacer 3 and / or the thickness of the ribs 300 depends on the desired distance between the cells 10 and / or the desired flow rate of the fluid circulating in one or more circuits. The best results, in particular in terms of regulation, are obtained when this thickness is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm.

[0094] In addition to separating adjacent cells 10 to allow the flow of heat transfer fluid, the spacers 3 also have the mechanical function of preventing the cells 10 from expanding due to temperature rise. This is because they can keep the cells 10 compressed under the effect of this expansion, thus ensuring that the cells can use their full capacity.

[0095] In order for the ribs 300 to at least block the surface of the large side 100 in contact with the heat transfer fluid, the ribs occupy at most 10%, advantageously at most 5%, of the surface of the large side 100. The best results in limiting expansion and heat exchange efficiency are obtained when the width of the ribs 300 is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm. The ribs 300 can have the same width or different widths. In particular, the ribs 300 or rib portions located in the central area of ​​the large side 100 can be wider, as long as the mechanical stresses caused by the expansion are the largest in this area.

[0096] In the accompanying drawings, in terms of length and width, the second region 31 and the third region 32 have the same or substantially the same size as the top surface 101 and the bottom surface 102 of the battery cell 10. However, they may have different sizes in length and / or width. The second region 31 advantageously has a perforated portion 310, which is designed to leave the connection terminal 104 of the battery cell 10. The third region 32 may also have a perforated portion. In these perforated portions, the fluid is in contact with the top surface 101 and the bottom surface 102, which contributes to the heat exchange at the surface and the thermal regulation of the battery cell 10.

[0097] When the cell 10 and the spacer 3 are mounted in the housing 2 in the use configuration, the inlet / outlet of the circuits C1 , C2 are in fluid communication with the inlet / outlet of the circuit 23 of the housing 2 . Figure 6 The opening 2210 in the bottom wall 22 1 ,2210 2 Channel 210 leading to inlets E1, E2, cover 21 1 ,210 2 Leading to outlets S1 and S2. Therefore, channel 210 1 ,210 2 and 2210 1 ,2210 2 Leading to each spacer 3, that is to say to each inter-cell space.

[0098] Fig. 7A , 7B 7C, 7D, 7E and 7F show various configurations of the device. Fig. 7A Corresponding to the above configuration, the spacer 3 includes a plurality of ribs 300 arranged to form a first forced circulation circuit C1 and a second forced circulation circuit C2. The first circuit C1 includes an inlet E1 and an outlet S1, and the second circuit C2 includes an inlet E2 and an outlet S2. The inlets E1 and E2 are located at the bottom edge of the large side surface 100, and the outlets S1 and S2 are located at the top edge of the large side surface. The inlets E1 and E2 are connected to the inlet channel 2210 formed in the bottom wall 2. 1 ,2210 2 The outlets S1 and S2 are connected to the discharge channel 210 formed in the cover 21. 1 ,210 2 Fluid is connected through inlet channel 2210. 1 Entering, it is forced to flow from the inlet E1 to the outlet S1 in the first circuit C1, and then passes through the exhaust channel 210 1 In parallel, the fluid also passes through another inlet channel 2210 2 Entering, it is forced to flow from the inlet E2 to the outlet S2 in the second circuit C2, and then through the exhaust channel 210 2 In this case, the circulation of the fluid in the first circuit C1 and the circulation of said fluid in the second circuit C2 are in the same direction.

[0099] Figure 7B The configuration is similar to Fig. 7A The main difference is that the inlets E1 and E2 are not located at the same edge of the large side surface 100, and the outlets S1 and S2 are not located at the same edge of the large side surface 100 either.

[0100] exist Figure 7CIn the configuration of , the ribs 300 are arranged so as to form a single forced circulation circuit C comprising an inlet E and an outlet S, both located at the bottom edge of the large side 100 .

[0101] Fig.7D The configuration is similar to Figure 7C The main difference is that the inlet E is located at the bottom edge of the large face 100, while the outlet S is located at the top edge of the large face.

[0102] like Fig. 7E As shown, it can be imagined that Fig.7D In this case, it is conceivable that the inlet E is located at the top edge of the large face 100 and the outlet S is located at the bottom edge of said large face.

[0103] exist Figure 7F In the configuration of , the inlet E and outlet S of the circuit C are located at the top edge of the large side 100. In this case, the fluid enters and leaves via the cover 21, said fluid not circulating through the bottom wall 22.

[0104] Fig. 8A and 8B Another configuration of the device is shown, which can make the assembly particularly compact and easy to install. The configuration of the spacer 3 is similar to Figure 7F However, fluid enters and leaves via the bottom wall 22. This wall is provided with an inlet channel 2210 1 and discharge channel 2210 2 , each channel leads to each spacer 3 (into each inter-cell space). The fluid connection between the housing 2 and the circuit 23 is therefore only at the bottom wall 22, which simplifies installation. In addition, since the cover 21 is not connected to the circuit 23, it can be quickly and easily removed if the battery 1 requires intervention.

[0105] First catheter 2100 1 Will be in entryway 2210 1 The fluid flowing in the cover 21 is delivered to the first channel 210 formed in the cover 21. 1 According to one embodiment, the first conduit 2100 1 The ends of the respective openings lead to the inlet passage 2210 1 and the first channel 210 1 . First catheter 2100 1 The fluid is thus allowed to "rise" from the bottom wall 22 to the cover 21. The first channel 210 formed in the cover 21 1 This allows the inlets E of the various circuits C to be supplied in parallel. Fig. 8A In the first catheter 2100 1 It is formed at the end wall 201 of the housing 2 .

[0106] Second catheter 21002 Allowing the second channel 210 formed in the cover 21 to 2 The fluid flowing through the discharge channel 2210 is delivered to the discharge channel 2210. 2 According to one embodiment, the second conduit 2100 2 The ends of the second channels 210 are connected to 2 and discharge channel 2210 2 The second catheter 2100 2 The fluid is thus allowed to "fall" from the cover 21 to the bottom wall 22. The second channel 210 formed in the cover 21 2 It is in fluid communication with the outlet S of each circuit C. Fig. 8A In the second catheter 2100 2 It is formed at the other end wall 201 of the housing 2 .

[0107] In this configuration, fluid is introduced through inlet channel 2210 1 Enter and pass through the first conduit 2100 1 , so as to reach the first channel 210 of the cover 21 1 The fluid is thus forced to circulate in the circuit C from the inlet E to the outlet S. The fluid then flows through the second channel 210 2 circulates in the second conduit 2100 2 Passing through to the exhaust channel 2210 2 , the fluid is discharged through the discharge channel.

[0108] According to one embodiment, the battery pack 1 has two or more rows of cells placed side by side. Fig. 22 In the embodiment, the battery pack 1 is composed of two rows of battery cells 10 and 10' placed side by side.

[0109] In order to allow the cells 10, 10' to remain in place and allow a uniform flow along their large sides 100, 100', the ribs 300 of the spacer 3 are formed to create one or more forced circulation circuits C, each having one or more passages, as in the case of the spacers described above for a single cell.

[0110] Advantageously, in order to ensure that the temperature is as uniform as possible, each circuit C (and each of its passages) extends over or across two large sides 100 , 100 ′ of the cells 10 , 10 ′ arranged side by side.

[0111] The spacer 3 forms a fluid-tight seal along the entire length of the loop C, just like the single-cell spacers described above.

[0112] exist Fig. 22 , 23In the embodiment of the present invention, the spacer 3 comprises an intermediate rib 301 which extends through the height of the cells 10, 10' and is mounted between the side edges of the large sides 100, 100' in use. The intermediate rib 301 thus fills the space between the two cells 10, 10' and forms a seal between the cells. Holes 3010 are provided in the intermediate rib 301 to allow fluid to circulate between the large sides 100, 100'.

[0113] The intermediate ribs 301 also allow the cells 10, 10' arranged side by side to be spaced apart and play a mechanical role in preventing the cells from expanding due to temperature rise. This helps to keep the cells 10, 10' further compressed under the effect of such expansion, which ensures the maximum capacity of the cells.

[0114] like Fig. 22 and 24 As shown, when the fluid inlet / outlet manifolds 2101, 2102 are arranged transversely and only on one side of the battery pack 1, the sealing between the cells 10, 10' is particularly advantageous. Fig.23 ) is therefore arranged in the spacer 3, at the rib located at the edge of the cell.

[0115] If the manifolds are located on either side of the cells 10, 10' (e.g., the inlet manifold is located on one side of the cell 10 and the outlet manifold is located on the opposite side of the cell 10'), such sealing is not necessarily important. Specifically, the space between the cells 10, 10' can be used as an intermediate manifold to facilitate fluid distribution between the cells. In this case, the spacer 3 may not include the intermediate rib 301, or may include the intermediate rib, but the intermediate rib does not fill the space between the two cells 10, 10'.

[0116] According to another embodiment, the ribs 300 may be arranged to form a first loop wound along the large side 100 of the first cell 10' and a second loop wound along the large side 100' of the second cell 10'. The connection between the two loops may be achieved at the cover 21 (more specifically, at the busbar area) or at the bottom wall 22 of the housing 2. This embodiment has the advantage of not requiring a seal between the cells 10, 10', but is not optimal in terms of temperature uniformity, since the fluid is hotter when it reaches the second cell 10' than when it reaches the first cell 10.

[0117] exist Fig.24 Inlet / outlet manifold 210 1 ,210 2 Arranged transversely and only on one side of the battery pack 1. In order to provide supply to one or more cells 10 located at the end of the battery pack 1, the inlet manifold 210 1 and / or outlet manifold 210 2It may extend and be angled so as to lead directly to the loop C formed at at least one of the end cells.

[0118] according to Fig. 9 The characteristic feature of the invention shown, the turbulator T (or disturbance element, these two terms are synonymous for the purpose of the invention) is present in the flow area 30, along the aforementioned circuit C, C1, C2, so as to generate turbulence in the flow of the heat transfer fluid between the inlet and the outlet of said circuit. The turbulence thus generated allows the heat exchange between the fluid and the cell to be improved, in particular by increasing the heat exchange (or transfer) coefficient. In particular, by disturbing the flow, the turbulator breaks up the boundary layer, thereby increasing the exchange coefficient.

[0119] For the sake of brevity and clarity, the following description describes turbulators arranged in a single forced circulation circuit C. However, the invention also encompasses spacers having a plurality of forced circulation circuits, and wherein turbulators are arranged in all or some of these circuits.

[0120] According to a preferred embodiment, the turbulators T are present in the entire loop C from the inlet E to the outlet S, so as to maximize the heat exchange with the large side surface 100. According to another embodiment, the turbulators T are present only on one or more parts of the loop C, and are particularly located in the areas where the temperature of the large side surface 100 is the highest (in the case of trying to cool the battery cell) and / or the lowest (in the case of trying to heat the battery cell).

[0121] Depending on the surface area of ​​the exchange zone in the circuit C, the number of turbulators T may range from about ten to several hundred, or even several thousand. For example, one or more dozen turbulators / cm may be provided. 2 They can be distributed in a regular manner, ie with the same density along the loop C, or irregularly, ie with a variable density along said loop.

[0122] The variable density of the turbulators T allows the heat exchange along the circuit C to be homogenized, in particular when the turbulator density at the outlet S is greater than that at the inlet E. Specifically, the heat flow P can be written according to the following formula: P = K.Se.ΔT; where K is the heat exchange coefficient, Se is the exchange surface area, and ΔT represents the temperature difference between the fluid and the large side surface 100 through which the fluid flows. Assuming that the exchange surface area is constant, the temperature of the large side surface 100 is substantially the same at the inlet E and the outlet S, but the temperature of the fluid varies between the inlet E and the outlet S (due to the heat exchange along the circuit C), then ΔT inlet E ≠ΔT outlet S More specifically, ΔT decreases from the inlet E to the outlet S.

[0123] In order to obtain uniform heat exchange along the circuit C, the aim is to make P inlet E =P outlet S , it is desirable to keep P constant along the fluid flow in loop C. Since the heat exchange coefficient K is proportional to the Reynolds number, increasing the density of the turbulator T will allow the value of the coefficient K to increase. Therefore, the decrease in ΔT along loop C is offset by the increase in coefficient K, allowing P to be constant. inlet E and P outlet S A balance is obtained between ΔT and S. Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment, the density of the turbulators T increases gradually or continuously from the inlet E to the outlet S of the circuit C. In the case where the turbulators T are made of a heat-conducting material and participate in heat exchange, increasing the density of the turbulators increases the exchange surface area Se. Therefore, the decrease in ΔT along the circuit C can also be compensated by the increase in the exchange surface area Se.

[0124] Alternatively, the reduction in ΔT can be compensated by increasing the exchange surface area Se by modifying the shape of said turbulator between the inlet E and the outlet S (without reducing the value of the coefficient K and therefore without changing the density of the turbulator).

[0125] According to another embodiment, which may be complementary or alternative to the one described previously, the circuit C comprises fluid passage sections of variable width, such that the fluid flow velocity varies between the various sections. This variability of the velocity allows the value of the coefficient K to be varied (without having to vary the density of the turbulators). Advantageously, these sections have a width that decreases gradually or continuously from the inlet E to the outlet S of the circuit C, such that the velocity increases from said inlet to said outlet. The best results in terms of uniformity of the heat flow are obtained when the decreasing width of the various sections from the inlet E to the outlet S is between -20% and -80%, preferably between -40% and -60%.

[0126] exist Figures 9 to 21 In the embodiment, the turbulator T is convex and extends to the height of the rib 300, or in other words, to the space separating two adjacent cells 10a, 10b, or to the thickness of the fluid blade. The height of the turbulator T is advantageously greater than or equal to 50%, preferably greater than 70%, and very preferably greater than or equal to 90% of the height of the rib 300. Fig.13 In the preferred embodiment shown, which allows turbulence to be optimized, the height of the turbulator T corresponds to the height of the rib 300 (and / or to the space separating two adjacent cells and / or to the thickness of the fluid blade), so that the turbulator is aligned with the cell 10. 1 ,10 2 Two adjacent large sides 100 1 ,100 2 touch.

[0127] The turbulator T can have the shape of ribs, threaded joints, hemispherical, cylindrical or polygonal tubes, pyramids, fins, etc. Fig.10 and 11 In the embodiment, the turbulator T forms a grid or honeycomb (or pseudo honeycomb) structure with openings so that the fluid can flow along each adjacent large side surface 100 1 ,100 2 Flow. This type of structure gives very good results in terms of heat exchange. The turbulator T can be obtained, for example, by molding, stamping, rolling, 3D printing or by any other technique suitable for a person skilled in the art.

[0128] The turbulators T and / or ribs 300 are arranged on one or more supports different from the spacers 3 and attached in the forced circulation loop C. The supports can then be held on the battery cell 10 by bonding, heat welding, snap fastening, interlocking or any other means suitable for those skilled in the art. 1 and / or 10 2 appropriate position on the .

[0129] In an embodiment variant which has the advantages of being simple, cheap, lightweight and easy to install, the turbulators T form a single-piece component with the spacers 3. The turbulators T and the ribs 300 may be formed, for example, by moulding, stamping or punching a sheet or strip.

[0130] In order to actively participate in the heat exchange, the turbulator T may be made of a thermally conductive material and / or have a relatively high thermal conductivity, for example greater than 100 W.m -1 .K -1 , preferably greater than 200W.m -1 .K -1 The material used for the support may be aluminum or an aluminum alloy in order to obtain a good weight / price / thermal conductivity compromise. Other materials may be used, such as copper, copper alloys, zinc, zinc alloys, carbon, polymers with metal powder or chips, etc.

[0131] According to one embodiment variant, the turbulator T is made of a thermally insulating material and / or a material with a relatively low thermal conductivity, for example at most 0.4 Wm -1 .K -1 , preferably at most 0.2Wm -1 .K -1 The material used can be different from or preferably the same material as the material of the spacer 3, in particular a polymer or a polymer-based composite material, or a material from the silicate family, preferably fiber-reinforced calcium silicate. One advantage of using thermally insulating materials and / or materials with a relatively low thermal conductivity is that in the event of a thermal runaway of a cell 101, heat is not transferred - or only transferred to a small extent - to adjacent cells 10 2 .

[0132] However, this design has the disadvantage that it does not take advantage of the increase in exchange surface area provided by the turbulator T. Fig.14 and 15 In the solution shown by way of non-limiting example in , the turbulators T have a dual function: to disrupt the fluid flow, thereby promoting heat exchange and to increase the heat exchange surface area.

[0133] The turbulator T is suitable for use with the battery cell 10 1 The big side 100 1 The first part of the contact T 1 , and suitable for connecting with adjacent battery cells 10 2 The big side 100 2 The second part of the contact T 2 These two parts T 1 and T 2 Made of thermally conductive material and / or material with relatively high thermal conductivity of the type previously described.

[0134] Two parts T 1 and T 2 Through the thermal switch T 3 Thermal insulation, so that the battery cell 10 1 In the case of thermal runaway, heat is not transferred—or only transferred to a small amount—to adjacent cells10 2 (vice versa).

[0135] According to a preferred embodiment, the thermal switch T 3 Made of thermally insulating material and / or having a relatively low thermal conductivity of the type previously described.

[0136] exist Fig.14 In the switch T 3 It is part of T 1 and T 2 The form of the support to which it is attached, for example a plastic plate to which the parts are bonded.

[0137] exist Fig.15 In the embodiment, the turbulator T is made of a composite material obtained, for example, by injection or 3D printing technology, and the two parts T 1 and T 2 The switch T of the core is made of the aforementioned type of thermally conductive material and / or a material with relatively high thermal conductivity. 3 Made of thermally insulating material of the aforementioned type and / or material with relatively low thermal conductivity.

[0138] According to one embodiment variant, the switch T 3 Made of a phase change material with a melting point below the threshold temperature. This is particularly characteristic of the temperature of thermal runaway of the battery cell 10, which is usually over 200°C. In this example, the switch T is selected 3The material has a melting point of less than or equal to 200° C. The following materials may be used in particular: such as, but not limited to, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyacetal copolymer or polyoxymethylene (POMC or POM), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0139] Therefore, when the battery cell 10 1 (or 10 accordingly 2 ) reaches the threshold temperature, the heat also flows through the first part T 1 (or correspondingly the second part T 2 ) is passed to switch T 3 Then, switch T 3 The temperature is such that it melts without 1 and the second part T 2 leaving any physical contact between Fig.16 ). In this state, the battery cell 10 1 The heat generated cannot be transferred to the adjacent cells 10 2 (And vice versa.) The molten material then naturally drains into the fluid stream.

[0140] exist Figures 17 to 21 In another embodiment variant shown, the turbulators T, T 1 ,T 2 and / or the rib 300 is directly formed on the battery cell 10 1 ,10 2 At least one large side 100 11 ,100 21 The wall is preferably formed on two large side surfaces 100 11 ,100 12 ,100 21 ,100 22 The turbulator T and / or rib 300 are formed from the battery cell 10. 1 The big side 100 11 The wall protrudes toward another adjacent battery cell 10 2 The big side 100 22 The wall extends.

[0141] The turbulator T and / or ribs 300 may be formed, for example, by punching, stamping, molding or machining the large side surface 100. 11 ,100 12 ,100 21 ,100 22 to form a wall.

[0142] In order to maintain the electrical insulation of each cell, the turbulator T and / or the rib 300 are advantageously covered with an electrical insulating film, for example, made of aramid fiber, polycarbonate resin or polyimide film. Made of membrane.

[0143] exist Fig.17 In the embodiment, the ribs 300 are corrugated to increase turbulence. The corrugation pitch corresponds to the turbulator pitch T. This configuration can be applied to all embodiments given in the description.

[0144] Since the cell walls are usually made of thermally conductive materials and / or materials with relatively high thermal conductivity, turbulators have the dual function of disrupting the fluid flow and increasing the heat exchange surface area. In order to avoid or limit the transfer of heat between the individual cells in the event of thermal runaway, a variety of solutions described below can be envisaged.

[0145] exist Fig.18 In the turbulence device T 1 ,T 2 The height of the rib 300 is less than the thickness of the blade of the fluid flowing in the loop C, or in an equivalent manner, less than the height of the rib 300 or less than the thickness of the rib separating two adjacent cells 10. 1 ,10 2 Therefore, the battery cell 10 1 Turbulator T 1 Not with another adjacent cell 10 2 The big side 100 22 The wall contacts the battery cell 10. 1 In the event of thermal runaway, heat will not be transferred to adjacent cells 10 2 (and vice versa). 1 ,T 2 Formed on two large sides 100 11 ,100 12 ,100 21 ,100 22 Each wall of a large surface 100 11 Turbulator T 1 Advantageously, the adjacent large surface 100 22 Turbulator T 2 The turbulators are staggered so that they do not touch each other and heat cannot be transferred between the cells.

[0146] exist Fig.19 In the turbulence device T 1 ,T 2 The height of corresponds to (i.e. is equal to) the thickness of the blade of the fluid flowing in the loop C, or in an equivalent manner corresponds to the height of the rib 300 or corresponds to the height of the rib separating two adjacent cells 10. 1 ,10 2 Therefore, the battery cell 101 Turbulator T 1 (or correspondingly T2) with another adjacent battery cell 10 2 (or 10 accordingly 1 )'s large side 100 22 (or 100 accordingly 11 ) wall contact. Turbulator T 1 ,T 2 The ribs 300 may be formed in the wall of only one large side surface of the battery cell, or in both large side surfaces. 1 ,T 2 and / or the contact between the rib 300 and the adjacent large side surface is preferably provided by a thermal switch T 3 is performed in order to thermally isolate the turbulator from the wall of the large side. 3 is of the type previously described.

[0147] exist Fig. 20 Medium, battery 10 1 Some turbulent devices T 1 With another adjacent battery cell 10 2 The big side 100 22 The wall contacts, so the battery cell 10 1 Other turbulators are not compatible with the large side 100 22 This solution allows the contact surface area of ​​the spacer 3 with the adjacent cells to be locally increased in the area where the thermal expansion of the cell is greatest, in particular in the center of the cell.

[0148] exist Fig.21 In the turbulence device T 1 ,T 2 The height of the battery is such that they do not overlap with another adjacent battery cell 10 2 or accordingly 10 1 The big side 100 22 or 100 accordingly 21 However, the battery cell 10 1 Turbulator T 1 With adjacent battery cell 10 2 Turbulator T 2 The turbulators are arranged relative to each other so that the turbulators are in contact with each other. 1 ,T 2 The contact between the two is preferably made by a thermal switch T 3 Thermal switch T 3 is of the type previously described.

[0149] In the embodiment described above, the arrangement of various elements and / or devices and / or steps of the present invention should not be interpreted as requiring such arrangement in all embodiments. In any case, it should be understood that various modifications can be made to these elements and / or devices and / or steps without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0150] In addition, one or more features described only in one embodiment may be combined with one or more other features described only in one other embodiment. Likewise, one or more features described only in one embodiment may be extended to other embodiments, even if this or these features are described only in conjunction with other features.

Claims

1. A device for spacing battery cells (10) of a vehicle battery pack (1), comprising a spacer (3) configured to contact adjacent large side surfaces (100) of the battery cells, It is characterized in that The spacer (3) comprises: a flow region (30) arranged to be located opposite an adjacent large side surface of the cell (10) and to extend over a large part of said large side surface, - one or more ribs (300) extending into the flow area (30), the ribs (300) being arranged to form at least one forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2) for a heat transfer fluid between the cells (10), preferably so that the fluid is in contact with two adjacent large side faces of the cells, the forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2) comprising an inlet (E, E1, E2) and an outlet (S, S1, S2), and Turbulator (T,T 1 ,T 2 ) is present in the flow area along a forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2) in order to generate turbulence in the heat transfer fluid flow between the inlet (E, E1, E2) and the outlet (S, S1, S2) of the forced circulation circuit, the turbulator being arranged convexly and extending at the height of the rib (300).

2. The device according to claim 1, in, The turbulator (T, T 1 ,T 2 ) is arranged on one or more supports different from the spacer (3) and assembled in the forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2).

3. The device according to claim 1, in, The turbulator (T, T 1 ,T 2 ) forms an integral part with the spacer (3).

4. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in, The turbulator (T, T 1 ,T 2 ) and / or the rib (300) is arranged on a support member configured to be attached to the battery cell (10).

5. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in, The turbulator (T) has: -Suitable for battery cells (10 1 )'s large side (100 1 )The first part of the contact (T 1 ), - Suitable for connecting with another adjacent cell (10 2 )'s large side (100 2 ) The second part of the contact (T 2 ), - a thermal switch (T 3 ).

6. The device as claimed in claim 5, in, The turbulator (T, T 1 ,T 2 ) and / or ribs (300) are directly formed on the battery cell (10 1 ,10 2 ) at least one large side surface (100 11 ) on the wall, preferably formed on the battery cell (10 1 ,10 2 )'s two large sides (100 11 ,100 12 ,100 21 ,100 22 ) on each wall.

7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, in, The turbulator (T 1 ,T 2 ) and / or ribs (300) from the battery cell (10 1 )'s large side (100 11 ) protrudes from the wall and faces another adjacent cell (10 2 )'s large side (100 22 ) wall extension.

8. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in, Thermal switch (T 3 ) The turbulator (T 1 ) and / or rib (300) and another adjacent battery cell (10 2 )'s large side (100 22 ) wall thermal insulation.

9. The device according to any one of claims 5, 7 or 8, in, The turbulator (T) is made of a thermal insulating material, preferably a polymer material or a polymer-based composite material.

10. The device according to claim 5, in, The first part (T) of the turbulator (T) 1 ) and the second part (T 2 ) is made of thermally conductive material, preferably a polymer material or a polymer-based composite material.

11. The device according to claim 5 or 10, in, The thermal switch (T 3 ) forms the first part (T 1 ) and the second part (T 2 ) is attached to a support.

12. The device according to claim 5 or 10, in, The thermal switch (T 3 ) in the first part (T 1 ) and the second part (T 2 ) forms a physical interface between the switch and the switch is made of a material with a melting point lower than the threshold temperature, so that when the first part (T 1 ) and / or the second part (T 2 ) reaches the threshold temperature, the switch melts without leaving any physical contact between the first part and the second part, and the melting point is preferably less than or equal to 200°C.

13. A device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 12, comprising a variable turbulator (T) density along the forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2), the turbulator (T) density at the outlet (S, S1, S2) of the forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2) being preferably greater than the turbulator density at the inlet (E, E1, E2) of the circuit.

14. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 13, in, The forced circulation circuit (C, C1, C2) comprises a fluid circulation portion of variable width, preferably with a width that decreases gradually or continuously from the inlet (E) to the outlet (S).

15. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 14, in, The spacer (3) and / or turbulator (T) are configured to be snap-fastened or bonded to at least one battery cell (10).

16. A system for thermal regulation of a vehicle battery pack (1), include: - a housing (2) comprising a heat transfer fluid circulation circuit, the housing being capable of accommodating the battery pack (1), - Device as claimed in any of the preceding claims.

17. A cooling device comprising a system as claimed in the preceding claim and further comprising: include: - a battery pack (1) comprising N adjacent battery cells (10), including two end cells, each arranged at an end wall (201) of the housing (2), N being an integer greater than 3, - The system comprises at least N-1 spacers (3), preferably N+1 spacers (3).

18. The device according to claim 17, in: - a spacer (3) is installed between each cell (10) adjacent to another cell, - a spacer (3) is mounted between each end wall (201) of the housing (2) and the end cell (10), the large side of the end cell being adjacent to said wall, The spacer (3) is a spacer as claimed in claim 1, so that all large side surfaces (100) of the cell (10) are cooled by a forced flow circuit.

19. The cooling device according to claim 17 or 18, in: - the battery pack (1) comprises two or more rows of battery cells (10, 10') placed side by side, - the ribs (300) of each spacer (3) are formed so as to create one or more forced circulation circuits (C), each of said circuits having one or more arched connections on the two large sides (100, 100') of two cells (10, 10') arranged side by side, - Each spacer (3) comprises an intermediate rib (301) which extends at the height of the battery cells (10, 10') and is mounted between the side edges of the large sides (100, 100') during use so that the intermediate rib fills the space between the two battery cells and forms a seal between the battery cells, and a hole (301) is preferably provided in the intermediate rib (301) so as to allow fluid to flow between the large sides (100, 100') of two battery cells (10, 10') arranged side by side.

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