Precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in similar areas of nine ecological types of Qujing in Yunnan Province

Abstract

The invention relates to a precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological type regions of Qujing in Yunnan province. The model aims at nine ecological type similar areas including (I) a northwest low-heat multi-sunlight area, (II) a high-heat valley area, (III) a north middle-heat area, (IV) a middle high-altitude middle-heat area, (V) a secondary high-heat flat dam area, (VI) a west middle-heat multi-sunlight area, (VII) an east middle-heat less-sunlight area, (VIII) a south middle-heat humid area and (IX) an east high-heat rainy area. The flue-cured tobacco variety of the model is Yunnan tobacco 105. The technical scheme of the invention has been practically applied, and can properly adjust the fertilizing amount of the flue-cured tobacco according to the soil type, the soil texture, the previous cropping, the application of organic fertilizer and the like on the basis of the fertilizing amount recommended by the precise fertilizing model, and finally, the results that the proportion of first-class tobacco is improved compared with that of conventional fertilizing, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of precision fertilization models, and particularly relates to the technical field of precision fertilization models for Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan. Background Art

[0002] The disadvantages of existing fertilization mainly include: 1) Unbalanced fertilization: Different crops have different nutrient element requirements, and the soil fertility also varies. Therefore, a single fertilization method often cannot meet the crop requirements, resulting in unbalanced fertilization and affecting crop growth and yield. 2) Resource waste: Traditional fertilization methods often cannot accurately control the fertilization amount and time, leading to excessive or insufficient fertilizer application, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the soil and environment. 3) Impact on the environment: Excessive fertilization can cause problems such as soil acidification, water quality deterioration, and air pollution, having an adverse impact on the environment.

[0003] The importance of precision fertilization is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) Improving fertilizer utilization rate: Precision fertilization can rationally proportion the nutrient elements in the fertilizer according to the nutrient requirements of the crop and the soil fertility status, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate and reducing waste. 2) Increasing crop yield and quality: Precision fertilization can meet the nutrient element requirements of the crop at different growth stages, promote crop growth and development, and increase crop yield and quality. 3) Protecting the environment: Precision fertilization can reduce the amount and frequency of fertilizer application, thus reducing environmental pollution and protecting the ecological environment. 4) Reducing production costs: Precision fertilization can reduce fertilizer waste and overuse, thereby reducing production costs and improving the efficiency of agricultural production.

[0004] Therefore, precision fertilization is of great significance for improving agricultural production efficiency, increasing farmers' income, protecting the ecological environment, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention precisely aims to solve the above problems and defects, and provides a precision fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan.

[0006] The present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] A precision fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan. The nine similar ecological types targeted by the model of the present invention are respectively: (I) Northwest low-heat and multi-sunshine area, (II) High-heat river valley area, (III) Northern medium-heat area, (IV) Central high-altitude and medium-heat area, (V) Sub-high-heat flat area, (VI) Western medium-heat and multi-sunshine area, (VII) Eastern medium-heat and less-sunshine area, (VIII) Southern medium-heat and humid area, (IX) Eastern high-heat and rainy area; the flue-cured tobacco variety targeted by the model is Yunyan 105.

[0008] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (I) northwest low-temperature and multi-sunshine area: YN(N) = 0.0716×Y - 2.039×S N 0.254 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0824×Y - 1.547×S P 0.396 ;

[0009] YK(K 2 O) = 0.2135×Y - 3.162×S K 0.391 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measurement values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application amounts per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

[0010] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (II) high-temperature river valley area:

[0011] YN(N) = 0.0697×Y - 1.916×S N 0.228 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0623×Y - 0.309×S P 0.302 ;

[0012] YK(K 2 O) = 0.2141×Y - 3.854×S K 0.317 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measurement values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application amounts per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

[0013] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (III) central-heat area in the north:

[0014] YN(N) = 0.0704×Y - 1.553×S N 0.264 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0953×Y - 0.357×S P0.613 ;

[0015] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1895×Y - 2.764×S K 0.295 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu for flue-cured tobacco, with the unit kg / mu.

[0016] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the middle high-altitude and medium-heat area of (IV) as follows:

[0017] YN(N) = 0.0738×Y - 1.745×S N 0.239 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1015×Y - 0.482×S P 0.568 ;

[0018] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1814×Y - 2.371×S K 0.246 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu for flue-cured tobacco, with the unit kg / mu.

[0019] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the sub-high-heat flat area of (V) as follows:

[0020] YN(N) = 0.0685×Y - 1.564×S N 0.232 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1127×Y - 0.623×S P 0.749 ;

[0021] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1904×Y - 2.581×S K 0.258 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit kg / mu; S N 、SP , S K are the measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

[0022] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (VI) western medium-heat and multi-sunshine area as follows:

[0023] YN(N) = 0.0779 × Y - 1.861 × S N 0.264 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1342 × Y - 0.719 × S P 0.843 ;

[0024] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1825 × Y - 2.424 × S K 0.327 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N , S P , S K are the measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

[0025] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (VII) eastern medium-heat and less-sunshine area as follows:

[0026] YN(N) = 0.0832 × Y - 1.985 × S N 0.271 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1429 × Y - 0.861 × S P 0.796 ;

[0027] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1783 × Y - 2.369 × S K 0.258 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N , S P , S K are the measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

[0028] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the medium-hot and humid area in the south of (Ⅷ) as follows: YN(N) = 0.0796×Y - 1.423×S N 0.318 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1512×Y - 0.915×S P 0.879 ;

[0029] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1745×Y - 2.427×S K 0.268 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit kg / mu.

[0030] The model described in the present invention includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the high-heat and rainy area in the east of (IX) as follows: YN(N) = 0.0788×Y - 1.441×S N 0.325 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1506×Y - 0.947×S P 0.873 ;

[0031] YK(K 2 O) = 0.1721×Y - 2.415×S K 0.237 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit kg / mu.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The present invention for the first time sets up 9 ecological similar areas in Qujing area of Yunnan. This setting is reasonable and scientific, laying a foundation for subsequent research on the smoke patterns in different ecological similar areas. 2) The present invention makes a precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in 9 ecological similar areas; the model formula can provide scientific and precise guidance on fertilization dosage for tobacco production in other ecological similar areas. 3) The technical solution of the present invention has been effectively applied. Based on the recommended fertilization amount of the precise fertilization model of the present invention, the fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco can be appropriately adjusted according to soil type, soil texture, previous crop and application of organic fertilizer, etc., and finally the proportion of top-grade tobacco is increased compared with conventional fertilization, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.

[0033] The following further explains the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is the regional division map of ecological type similarity in Qujing tobacco-growing area of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is the fitting curve graph of soil correction coefficient and available nutrient content at different test points of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0036] The following embodiments are only a part of the technical solution of the present invention, not a limitation to all the technical solutions of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to further explain and illustrate the details of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0037] I. Overview

[0038] 1. Collected and sorted out materials such as the division of ecological climate similar areas in Qujing tobacco-growing area, and divided 9 ecological similar areas based on GIS. Through the study of the difference coefficient of variable fertilization amount of the main flue-cured tobacco varieties, taking the nitrogen application amount of the flue-cured tobacco variety Honghuadajinyuan as the benchmark, it is clear that the variety difference fertilization coefficients of K326, Yunyan 87, Yunyan 97, and Yunyan 100 are 1.8 - 2.2, and the coefficient of Yunyan 105 is 1.5 - 1.8; using the Quilliam-Stanford equation method, 81 groups of precise fertilization mathematical models of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for flue-cured tobacco in 9 tobacco-growing ecological similar areas in Qujing were constructed, and model application verification and parameter correction were carried out, and the recommended application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in each tobacco-growing area in Qujing were proposed.

[0039] 2. The cumulative demonstration area is 23,800 mu, with an average reduction in chemical fertilizer usage of 13.4%, a new increase in output of 161,900 kg, a new increase in output value for tobacco farmers of 4.8131 million yuan, a new increase in local tax revenue of 0.9626 million yuan, a savings in fertilizer of 0.7353 million yuan, and the proportion of top-grade tobacco in recommended fertilization is increased by more than 5% compared with conventional fertilization, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.

[0040] II. Regional Division of Ecological Type Similarity of Qujing Flue-Cured Tobacco

[0041] The relevant data of 9 ecological similarity zones formed based on GIS over the years were collected. They are (I) low-temperature and high-sunshine zone in the northwest, (II) high-temperature river valley zone, (III) moderate-temperature zone in the north, (IV) moderate-temperature zone in the middle with high altitude, (V) sub-high-temperature plain zone, (VI) moderate-temperature and high-sunshine zone in the west, (VII) moderate-temperature and low-sunshine zone in the east, (VIII) moderate-temperature and humid zone in the south, and (IX) high-temperature and rainy zone in the east. The specific distribution areas are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 1 .

[0042] Table 1 Similarity zoning of ecological types in Qujing tobacco-growing areas

[0043]

[0044] The descriptions of ecological characteristics of the nine ecologically similar areas of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing are listed in Tables 2 and 3.

[0045] Northwest low-temperature and high-sunshine area: This area is located in the northwest of Qujing, including most of Huize, with an average altitude of 2139m, a slightly lower average temperature, poor heat conditions, less rainfall in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco field growth, suitable rainfall in the middle and late stages, more sunshine conditions in the early stage, suitable in the middle and late stages, and abundant light resources, which have a certain compensatory effect on the slightly lower temperature. The soil types are mainly red soil and purple soil, with new accumulation soil, the soil pH is slightly acidic, the organic matter content is low, at 2.56%, the hydrolyzable nitrogen content is medium to low, the available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content is medium to high, the terrain is mainly mountainous, and the conditions are medium.

[0046] High-temperature valley area: This area is located in the northwest and northeast of Qujing, mainly including the southern part of Huize and the southeast of Xuanwei. It is a medium-altitude area with an average altitude of 1959m. During the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the active accumulated temperature of 17℃ is relatively high, reaching 2500℃. The average temperature is slightly higher, and the heat resources are rich. The rainfall in the flue-cured tobacco field is relatively small in the early stage, and suitable to more in the middle and late stages. The sunshine conditions are more in the early stage, and slightly less in the middle and late stages of the field. The soil types are mainly red soil and mountain red soil, with purple soil, paddy soil and new accumulation soil. The soil pH value is weakly acidic, the soil organic matter content is medium to high, the hydrolyzable nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content are both high, and the topography and geomorphology conditions are good.

[0047] Northern medium-heat zone: This area is located in the northwest of Qujing, mainly including the eastern part of Huize and the central and western parts of Xuanwei. It is a high-altitude area (average altitude 2101m). The average temperature during the tobacco growing period is slightly lower, and the heat conditions are general. The active accumulated temperature stably passes 17℃ and 1515℃. The rainfall in the early stage of the tobacco field is relatively small, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is suitable to relatively high. The sunshine conditions in the tobacco field are relatively high in the early stage, and slightly less in the middle and late stages. The soil is mainly red soil and purple soil, with a small amount of paddy soil and new soil. The soil pH is weakly acidic, the organic matter content is medium, the hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are all high, and the topography and geomorphology conditions are medium.

[0048] Central high-altitude medium heat zone: This zone is located in the central part of Qujing, mainly including the eastern part of Zhanyi and the northern part of Fuyuan. The average altitude is 2,174 m. The accumulated temperature above 17 °C during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco is relatively low, ranging from 1,450 to 1,800 °C. The average temperature is slightly on the low side, and the heat conditions are average. The rainfall in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field is scarce, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is suitable to abundant. The sunshine conditions are abundant in the early stage of the field and slightly scarce in the middle and late stages. The main soil type is red soil, the soil pH value is acidic, the organic matter content is slightly high, the hydrolyzable nitrogen content is medium, and the available phosphorus and available potassium contents are low. The topographical and geomorphic conditions are medium.

[0049] Sub-high heat flat zone: This zone is located in the central and western parts of Qujing, mainly including the southern part of Zhanyi, most of Qilin, and the western part of Luliang. The average altitude is 1,977 m. The accumulated temperature above 17 °C during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco is relatively high, reaching 2,000 to 2,366 °C. The average temperature is suitable, and the heat resources are abundant. The rainfall in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field is scarce, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is suitable to abundant. The sunshine conditions are abundant in the early stage of the field and suitable in the middle and late stages. The light resources are abundant. The main soil types are red soil and acidic purple soil, with paddy soil also present. The soil pH value is neutral, the soil organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents are medium, and the soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents are high. The topographical and geomorphic conditions are good.

[0050] Western medium heat and multi-sunshine zone: This zone is located in the central and western parts of Qujing, mainly including the southern part of Zhanyi, most of Qilin, and the western part of Luliang. It is a high-altitude area with an average altitude of 2,074 m. The accumulated temperature above 17 °C during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco is relatively low, ranging from 1,300 to 1,500 °C. The average temperature is slightly on the low side, and the heat conditions are average. The rainfall in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field is scarce, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is suitable to abundant. The sunshine conditions are abundant in the early stage of the field and suitable in the middle and late stages. The light resources are abundant, which has a certain compensatory effect on the slightly lower temperature. The main soil types are red soil and paddy soil. The soil pH value is slightly acidic, the organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus contents are medium to high, and the available potassium content is high. The topographical and geomorphic conditions are excellent.

[0051] Eastern medium heat and less-sunshine zone: This zone is located in the eastern part of Qujing, including the central part of Fuyuan. It is a high-altitude area with an average altitude of 1,954 m. The accumulated temperature above 17 °C during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco is suitable, reaching 2,021 °C. The average temperature is suitable, and the heat conditions are good. The rainfall in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field is slightly scarce, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is slightly abundant. The sunshine conditions are moderate in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field and scarce in the middle and late stages. The main soil type is red soil, with purple soil and paddy soil also present. The soil pH value is neutral, the soil organic matter content is high, the hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus are low, and the available potassium content is high. The topographical and geomorphic conditions are excellent.

[0052] Southern medium-hot and humid area: This area is located in the south of Qujing, mainly including the eastern part of Luliang, the northern part of Shizong and the western part of Luoping. It is a medium-high altitude area with an average altitude of 2,000m. The active accumulated temperature of 17°C during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco is medium, at 1,862°C. The average temperature is suitable and the heat conditions are good. The rainfall in the flue-cured tobacco field is slightly less in the early stage, slightly more in the middle and late stages, and the sunshine conditions in the field are moderate in the early stage, slightly less in the middle and late stages. The soil is mainly red soil and mountain red soil. The soil pH value is weakly acidic, and the soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content are medium, and the topography and geomorphology conditions are good.

[0053] Eastern high-temperature and rainy area: This area is located in the eastern part of Qujing, mainly including the eastern part of Shizong and the southeastern part of Luoping. It is a low-altitude area with an average altitude of 1,697m. During the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the highest active accumulated temperature is 17°C, reaching 2,745°C. The heat is sufficient, the average temperature is high, and the heat resources are rich. The rainfall in the early stage of the flue-cured tobacco field is suitable, and the rainfall in the middle and late stages is more. The sunshine conditions in the field are moderate in the early stage, and slightly less in the middle and late stages. The average temperature during the transplanting and maturity period is high, the precipitation is large, but the sunshine hours are moderate, which is suitable for the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The soil is mainly yellow soil, with paddy soil, red soil and new accumulation soil. The soil pH value is neutral, and the soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium content are all high, and the topography and geomorphology conditions are superior.

[0054] Table 2 Main climate characteristics of different ecological types of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing tobacco area

[0055]

[0056] Table 3 Soil nutrient characteristics of different ecological types of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] 3. Establishment of mathematical model of fertilization among variables

[0060] In order to make the constructed fertilization more accurate and in line with production reality, the project team also incorporated some results of the Qujing field fertilization experiment from 2016 to 2020, involving 9 ecologically similar areas, namely (I) the northwest low-temperature and high-sunshine area, (II) the high-temperature river valley area, (III) the northern moderate-heat area, (IV) the central high-altitude moderate-heat area, (V) the sub-high-heat plain area, (VI) the western moderate-heat and high-sunshine area, (VII) the eastern moderate-heat and low-sunshine area, (VIII) the southern moderate-heat and humid area, and (IX) the eastern high-heat and rainy area.

[0061] The experimental sites include Delu, Reshui, Tianba in Xuanwei, Zhongan in Fuyuan, Yuezhou in Qilin, Xiaobaihu in Luliang, Caiyun in Shizong and Luoxiong in Luoping. The experimental design is shown in Table 4.

[0062] Table 4 Fertilizer application amount in different treatments

[0063]

[0064] 1. Nutrient requirements of different flue-cured tobacco varieties under target yield

[0065] Through field fertilization experiments on 6 flue-cured tobacco varieties at 5 experimental sites over 2 years (2019 - 2020), the average absorption amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), and potassium (K 2 O) for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco yield by different flue-cured tobacco varieties were obtained (Table 5, in bold).

[0066] As can be seen from Table 4, for Honghuadajinyuan, the amount of N required for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco is 2.82 - 3.17 kg, with an average of 2.99 kg; the amount of P 2 O 5 required is 0.96 - 1.16 kg, with an average of 1.06 kg; the amount of K 2 O required is 4.73 - 5.01 kg, with an average of 4.84 kg, and the absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.35:1.62.

[0067] For K326, the amount of N required for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco is 3.69 - 3.94 kg, with an average of 3.80 kg; the amount of P 2 O 5 required is 1.23 - 1.47 kg, with an average of 1.33 kg; the amount of K 2 O required is 5.48 - 6.12 kg, with an average of 5.79 kg, and the absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.35:1.53.

[0068] For Yunyan 87, the amount of N required for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco is 3.66 - 3.85 kg, with an average of 3.77 kg; the amount of P 2 O 5 required is 1.42 - 1.75 kg, with an average of 1.63 kg; the amount of K 2 O required is 5.42 - 6.15 kg, with an average of 5.85 kg, and the absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.43:1.55.

[0069] For Yunyan 97, the amount of N required for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco is 3.38 - 3.74 kg, with an average of 3.57 kg; the amount of P 2O 5 The amount of N required for every 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco produced by Yunyan 100 is 1.29 - 1.82 kg, with an average of 1.53 kg; the required amount of P 2 O is 5.06 - 5.76 kg, with an average of 5.41 kg. The absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.42:1.51.

[0070] For every 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco produced by Yunyan 100, the amount of N required is 3.16 - 3.63 kg, with an average of 3.45 kg; the required amount of P 2 O 5 is 1.17 - 1.46 kg, with an average of 1.29 kg; the required amount of K 2 O is 5.02 - 5.62 kg, with an average of 5.30 kg. The absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.37:1.53.

[0071] For every 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco produced by Yunyan 105, the amount of N required is 3.12 - 3.31 kg, with an average of 3.21 kg; the required amount of P 2 O 5 is 0.89 - 1.25 kg, with an average of 1.07 kg; the required amount of K 2 O is 4.45 - 5.27 kg, with an average of 4.88 kg. The absorption ratio of the three nutrients N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 1:0.33:1.51.

[0072] Table 5 Nutrient uptake for producing 100 kg of flue-cured tobacco by different flue-cured tobacco varieties

[0073]

[0074] 2. Fertilizer utilization rate

[0075] As can be seen from Table 6, there are significant differences in the apparent fertilizer utilization rates among different flue-cured tobacco varieties at the same experimental sites. Similarly, for the same variety at different experimental sites, its apparent nutrient utilization rate of fertilizers is also different (Tables 6 and 7).

[0076] Table 6 Fertilizer utilization rates of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Table 7 Fertilizer utilization rates at each experimental site

[0080]

[0081] 3. Soil nutrient correction coefficient

[0082] Soil has buffering and absorption properties. Therefore, the measured value of soil available nutrients only represents the relative content of nutrients, not the absolute amount that crops can absorb. It is necessary to find out how much can actually be absorbed, and the proportion it occupies in the measured value is called the soil nutrient correction coefficient. Its calculation formula is: Soil nutrient correction coefficient = [Nutrient absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco without fertilization (kg / hm 2 )] / [Measured value of soil nutrients (mg / kg) * 0.15] * 100%. In the formula, 0.15 is the conversion coefficient for converting the measured value of soil nutrients (mg / kg) into the potential fertilizer supply amount of the hectare plow layer soil.

[0083] The basic soil nutrients and soil nutrient correction coefficients at each experimental site are shown in Table 8.

[0084] Table 8 Soil nutrient correction coefficients at each experimental site

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Taking the soil nutrient content at each of the above experimental sites as the independent variable (X, mg / kg) and the corresponding soil nutrient correction coefficient as the dependent variable, a regression equation ( Figure 2 and Table 9) was established.

[0088] As can be seen from Table 9, all three fitted curve function equations have statistical significance (p < 0.01), the determination coefficients are 0.994 - 0.999, and the fitting errors are all within 3%. This indicates that the goodness of fit is very good, and each fitted curve can well reflect the mathematical relationship between the soil nutrient correction coefficient (C) and the measured value of soil nutrients.

[0089] Table 9 Fitted curve models of soil nutrient correction coefficient and soil nutrients

[0090]

[0091] From Figure 2 it can be seen that with the increase in the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, their corresponding soil nutrient correction coefficients all show a downward trend.

[0092] 4. Construction of a recommended fertilization model

[0093] Using the Truog-Stanford equation method, combined with main parameters, such as:

[0094] Total tobacco nutrients U = Target yield of tobacco leaves × Nutrient coefficient; Pure amount of nutrients applied in the tobacco field W (kg / hm 2) = (U - Ns) / R;

[0095] The supply of nutrients in tobacco-growing soil Ns (kg / ) = the measured nutrient content × 2.25 × the soil nutrient correction coefficient C × the determination of the utilization rate R (%) in the current season, where the apparent fertilizer utilization rate = [(nutrient absorption in the fertilized area - nutrient absorption in the non-fertilized area) / fertilizer application rate] × 100%.

[0096] According to 9 ecologically similar areas, with the target yield Y of different flue-cured tobacco varieties and the measured values S of the nutrients in tobacco-growing soil as the second variable, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium recommended fertilization models are constructed (Table 10).

[0097] Table 10 Recommended Fertilization Models for Ecologically Similar Areas in Qujing Tobacco Region

[0098]

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves (unit: kg / mu), and S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco (pure nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), with the unit of kg / mu.

[0102] When applying, after setting the target yield, input the soil nutrient values into the above fertilization model, and the recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization amounts can be obtained.

[0103] IV. Application

[0104] The cumulative demonstration area is 23,800 mu, with an average reduction in chemical fertilizer usage of 13.4%, a new increase in output of 161,900 kg, a new increase in output value for tobacco farmers of 4.8131 million yuan, a new increase in local tax revenue of 962,600 yuan, a cost savings on fertilizers of 735,300 yuan, and the proportion of top-grade tobacco with recommended fertilization is more than 5% higher than that with conventional fertilization, with significant economic and social benefits.

[0105] Based on this study and previous research results, to obtain the precise fertilization amount for flue-cured tobacco production, the fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco can be appropriately adjusted according to soil type, soil texture, previous crop, and application of organic fertilizers on the basis of the recommended fertilization amount in the model in Table 10.

[0106] Table 11 Recommended Table for Pure Nitrogen Application Amount in Malong District

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Table 12 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Huize County

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 13 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Zhanyi County

[0114]

[0115] Table 14 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Fuyuan County

[0116]

[0117] Table 15 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Xuanwei City

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Table 16 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Qilin District

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Table 17 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Luliang County

[0124]

[0125] Table 18 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Shizong County

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Table 19 Recommended Table of Pure Nitrogen Dosage in Luoping County

[0129]

[0130] The above are only some specific embodiments of the present invention, and the specific content or common knowledge well known in the art is not described in detail herein (including but not limited to abbreviations, contractions, and units commonly used in the art). It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, any technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope claimed in this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. Precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan Characterized in that The nine similar ecological types targeted by the model are: (Ⅰ) Northwest low-heat and multi-sunshine area, (Ⅱ) High-heat river valley area, (Ⅲ) Northern medium-heat area, (Ⅳ) Central high-altitude and medium-heat area, (Ⅴ) Sub-high-heat flat area, (Ⅵ) Western medium-heat and multi-sunshine area, (Ⅶ) Eastern medium-heat and less-sunshine area, (Ⅷ) Southern medium-heat and humid area, (Ⅸ) Eastern high-heat and rainy area; The tobacco type targeted by the model is Yunyan 105.

2. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅰ) Northwest low-heat and multi-sunshine area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0716×Y - 2.039×S N 0.254 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0824×Y - 1.547×S P 0.396 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.2135×Y - 3.162×S K 0.391 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

3. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅱ) High-heat river valley area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0697×Y - 1.916×S N 0.228 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0623×Y - 0.309×S P 0.302 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.2141×Y - 3.854×S K 0.317 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu for flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

4. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅲ) Northern medium-heat area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0704×Y - 1.553×S N 0.264 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.0953×Y - 0.357×S P 0.613 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1895×Y - 2.764×S K 0.295 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil determination values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu for flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

5. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅳ) Central high-altitude and medium-heat area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0738×Y - 1.745×S N 0.239 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1015×Y - 0.482×S P 0.568 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1814×Y - 2.371×S K 0.246 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil test values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

6. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The model includes the precise fertilization model for Yunyan 105 in the (V) high-temperature flat dam area: YN(N) = 0.0685×Y - 1.564×S N 0.232 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1127×Y - 0.623×S P 0.749 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1904×Y - 2.581×S K 0.258 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measurement values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

7. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅵ) Western medium-heat and multi-sunshine area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0779×Y - 1.861×S N 0.264 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1342×Y - 0.719×S P 0.843 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1825×Y - 2.424×S K 0.327 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil determination values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

8. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅶ) Eastern medium-heat and less-sunshine area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0832×Y - 1.985×S N 0.271 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1429×Y - 0.861×S P 0.796 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1783×Y - 2.369×S K 0.258 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measurement values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

9. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅷ) Southern medium-heat and humid area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0796×Y - 1.423×S N 0.318 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1512×Y - 0.915×S P 0.879 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1745×Y - 2.427×S K 0.268 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N 、S P 、S K are respectively the soil measured values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu of flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

10. The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in nine similar ecological types in Qujing, Yunnan according to claim 1 Characterized in that The precision fertilization model of Yunyan 105 in the (Ⅸ) Eastern high-heat and rainy area included in the model is as follows YN(N) = 0.0788×Y - 1.441×S N 0.325 ; YP(P 2 O 5 ) = 0.1506×Y - 0.947×S P 0.873 ; YK(K 2 O) = 0.1721×Y - 2.415×S K 0.237 ; In the formula, Y is the target yield per mu of tobacco leaves, with the unit of kg / mu; S N , S P , S K are respectively the soil measurement values of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the tobacco-growing soil, with the unit of mg / kg; YN, YP, and YK are the fertilizer application rates per mu for flue-cured tobacco, with the unit of kg / mu.

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