Agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment

Abstract

The invention provides agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment, and relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment comprises a base and a control cabinet, and the base is driven by a walking device to move. Through independent pressure driving and flow control of the clear water tank and the multiple groups of liquid fertilizer tanks, multiple water and fertilizer proportioning schemes can be stored and blended in real time at the same time, the differentiated nutrient requirements of crops in different growth periods in the same plot are met, and the fertilization efficiency is remarkably improved; the problem of shutdown maintenance caused by blockage of fertilizer particles of a traditional mechanical pump is avoided, the operation reliability of equipment under complex working conditions is improved, the maintenance cost is reduced, the heights of multiple groups of spraying pipes are synchronously adjusted through a lifting driving structure, the irrigation requirements of different crop row spacing, topographic relief and canopy height are met, and the problem of uneven coverage of fixed nozzles is solved. The water-fertilizer resource utilization rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment. Background Art

[0002] Integrated water-fertilizer technology is the development direction of modern agriculture and an important means of precision fertilization. Fertilization is a new type of fertilization technology. Fertilization is the process of dissolving water-soluble fertilizers in irrigation water so that the fertilizers enter the soil along with the irrigation water.

[0003] In the prior art, the patent document with publication number CN216775486U discloses an integrated agricultural equipment for irrigation and fertilization, including a base, a support frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, a mixing box fixedly connected to the inside of the support frame, a discharge pipe fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mixing box, and a liquid storage tank fixedly connected to the lower end of the discharge pipe. The device is provided with a liquid storage tank, and the mixed fertilizer enters the liquid storage tank through the discharge pipe for storage, and the fertilizer in the liquid storage tank is sprayed into the soil through a water pump for fertilization. The mixing box can mix the fertilizer and water again while fertilizing, avoiding the situation that the fertilizer in the mixing box can only be mixed next time after spraying, saving working time and improving the efficiency of fertilization. However, when realizing water-fertilizer irrigation, the above-mentioned device cannot realize the automatic feeding and automatic mixing of the irrigation solution and the fertilizer in a linked manner. Based on this, the patent document with publication number CN116195421A discloses an integrated agricultural equipment for irrigation and fertilization for agricultural planting. It includes a carrying platform, and casters are installed at the bottom of the carrying platform. It is characterized in that a liquid storage tank is fixedly installed on the top surface of the carrying platform, and a fertilizer tank and a preparation tank are fixedly installed on the sides of the liquid storage tank in order from top to bottom. The interior of the preparation tank is provided with a batching chamber and a fertilizer injection chamber isolated from each other in order from top to bottom. A concentration sensor is installed inside the batching chamber, and a fertilizer outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the batching chamber. A solenoid valve is installed inside the fertilizer outlet pipe, and a liquid level probe a and a liquid level probe b are fixedly installed inside the fertilizer injection chamber in order from top to bottom. The beneficial effects of the device are: through the arrangement of the preparation module, casters, fertilizer dispensing module and other structures, the equipment can efficiently complete the integrated irrigation and fertilization operation during agricultural planting, and when the device is in operation, the integrated fertilizer dissolving structure of the traditional equipment is changed into a split and component fertilizer dissolving structure; When many existing farms grow crops, there are situations of off-peak listing or labor resource limitations. For off-peak listing, crops need to be planted in batches to extend the harvesting period. Labor resource limitations prevent crops from being sown at one time and also lead to batch planting of crops. This situation results in the coexistence of several stages such as the seedling stage, rapid growth stage, maturity stage, and picking stage of crops in the same period. The water and fertilizer management schemes required for each stage of crops are different. However, other existing technologies including the above improved technologies can only achieve water and fertilizer spraying of one scheme after one feeding, and for crops in multiple growth states, it is necessary to adjust the water and fertilizer ratio multiple times to complete, without differential control, which is time-consuming and laborious. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated agricultural fertilization and irrigation device to solve the problem that the water and fertilizer scheme of the existing integrated agricultural fertilization and irrigation device cannot be differentially controlled.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An integrated agricultural fertilization and irrigation device, including a base and a control cabinet. The base is driven to move by a traveling device. The upper wall of the base is fixedly connected with a pipe distribution box and an equipment box in sequence from bottom to top. A buffer tank is fixedly connected inside the equipment box. An air compressor, a clean water tank, and three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks are fixedly connected in sequence from left to right inside the equipment box and at the rear wall of the buffer tank. Pressure detection structures are arranged on the upper wall of the buffer tank, the outer wall of the clean water tank, and the outer walls of the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks. Stirring structures are arranged in the liquid fertilizer tanks. Discharge pipes are fixedly connected to the front walls of the clean water tank and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks and near the lower wall position. Four groups of elbows distributed left and right are fixedly connected between the upper wall of the pipe distribution box and the lower wall of the equipment box. One end of the elbow located inside the equipment box is connected to the discharge pipe through a flow control structure. A mixing pipe and a confluence device are fixedly connected to the inner lower wall of the pipe distribution box in sequence from left to right. One end of the elbow located inside the pipe distribution box is connected to the inlet end of the mixing pipe through a pipeline. The outlet end of the mixing pipe is connected to the outlet end of the confluence device. A spraying box is jointly connected to the right walls of the pipe distribution box and the equipment box. Multiple groups of spraying pipes are arranged inside the spraying box through a lifting drive structure. The outlet end of the confluence device is connected to the spraying pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the outlet end of the air compressor is connected to the inlet end of the buffer tank through a pipeline. An exhaust module is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank. Four groups of exhaust connectors distributed left and right are fixedly connected to the rear wall of the exhaust module. Air inlet connectors are provided at the front walls of the water tank and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks near the upper ends. The four groups of exhaust connectors are respectively connected to a group of air inlet connectors through a group of pipelines. Solenoid valves are provided on the outer walls of the pipelines between the exhaust connectors and the air inlet connectors. Feed pipes are fixedly connected to the rear walls of the water tank and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks near the upper ends. The rear ends of the feed pipes penetrate through the rear wall of the equipment box and extend towards the rear of the equipment box. One inlet and multiple outlets are provided on the manifold. The inlet of the manifold is connected to the outlet end of the mixing pipe through a pipeline. The multiple outlets of the manifold are respectively connected to a group of spraying pipes through a group of pipelines.

[0007] Preferably, the pressure detection structure includes a first pressure sensor and four groups of second pressure sensors. The first pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank. The four groups of second pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the side walls of the water tank and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks.

[0008] Preferably, the stirring structure includes a motor, a connecting seat, a stirring shaft and a stirring frame. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank. The motor is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the connecting seat. The motor output shaft penetrates through the upper wall of the connecting seat and extends into the interior of the connecting seat. The stirring shaft is rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the liquid fertilizer tank. The upper end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank and extends into the interior of the connecting seat. One end of the stirring shaft extending into the interior of the connecting seat is fixedly connected to the end of the motor output shaft through a coupling. The stirring frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the stirring shaft and is located inside the liquid fertilizer tank.

[0009] Preferably, the flow control structure includes four groups of electronically controlled opening valves, and the four groups of electronically controlled opening valves are respectively fixedly connected between a group of elbows and a group of discharge pipes.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting drive structure includes a movable plate, two groups of guide rods and two groups of electric telescopic rods. A fixed plate is fixedly connected inside the spraying box. The two groups of electric telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate in a front-back distribution in sequence. The output shafts of the two groups of electric telescopic rods penetrate through the inner wall of the fixed plate and extend below the fixed plate. The movable plate is fixedly connected to the ends of the two groups of electric telescopic rods. The two groups of guide rods are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the movable plate and are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the two groups of electric telescopic rods. One ends of the two groups of guide rods away from the movable plate penetrate through the inner wall of the fixed plate and are slidably connected to the fixed plate. Multiple mounting seats are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the movable plate in a front-back distribution in sequence. Multiple spraying pipes are respectively fixedly connected to the lower ends of a group of mounting seats.

[0011] Preferably, a spraying head is threadedly connected to the lower end of the spraying pipe. One end of the spraying head away from the spraying pipe is semi-spherical and multiple spraying holes are provided on the outer wall.

[0012] Preferably, the mixing pipe is an SV-type static mixer.

[0013] Preferably, heat dissipation windows are provided on both the left and right sides of the equipment box. A maintenance door for convenient maintenance is rotatably connected to the front wall of the equipment box. The control cabinet is arranged on the front wall of the equipment box and to the left of the maintenance door.

[0014] Preferably, a controller is arranged inside the control cabinet, and a touch screen is arranged on the front wall of the control cabinet.

[0015] The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment can be dynamically adapted with multiple formulations to achieve differential precision fertilization. Through the independent pressure drive and flow control of the water tank and multiple groups of liquid fertilizer tanks, it can store and real-time allocate multiple water-fertilizer ratio schemes simultaneously, meeting the differential nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages (such as seedling stage, growth stage, and maturity stage) in the same plot, without repeatedly stopping the machine to adjust the ratio, significantly improving the fertilization efficiency.

[0016] This agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment uses air pressure drive spraying to replace the mechanical pump, reducing the equipment failure rate. It uses an air pressure power system composed of an air compressor and a buffer tank to drive liquid transportation, avoiding the shutdown and maintenance problems caused by the blockage of fertilizer particles in the traditional mechanical pump, improving the operation reliability of the equipment under complex working conditions, and reducing the maintenance cost.

[0017] This agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment has adjustable spraying to adapt to complex planting scenarios. By synchronously adjusting the height of multiple groups of spraying pipes through the lifting drive structure, it can adapt to the irrigation requirements of different crop row spacings, terrain undulations, and canopy heights, solve the problem of uneven coverage of fixed nozzles, and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the equipment box of the present invention; Figure 3 is of the present invention Figure 2 partial enlarged view at A in; Figure 4 is a sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the liquid fertilizer tank of the present invention; Figure 5 is a top view sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pipe distribution box of the present invention; Figure 6 is a partial side sectional view of the internal structure of the spraying box of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 1. Base; 2. Pipe distribution box; 3. Equipment box; 4. Heat dissipation window; 5. Control cabinet; 6. Touch screen; 7. Maintenance door; 8. Spraying tank; 9. Air compressor; 10. Buffer tank; 11. Exhaust module; 12. Fresh water tank; 13. Liquid fertilizer tank; 14. Feed pipe; 15. Exhaust joint; 16. Solenoid valve; 17. Intake joint; 18. First pressure sensor; 19. Second pressure sensor; 20. Discharge pipe; 21. Electric control opening valve; 22. Elbow pipe; 23. Motor; 24. Connecting seat; 25. Stirring shaft; 26. Stirring frame; 27. Mixing pipe; 28. Confluence; 29. Fixed plate; 30. Guide rod; 31. Electric telescopic rod; 32. Movable plate; 33. Mounting seat; 34. Spraying pipe; 35. Spraying head. Detailed implementation mode

[0020] The following combines the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment As Figures 1 to 6 shown, an agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated device in an embodiment of the present invention includes a base 1 and a control cabinet 5. The base 1 is driven by a walking device to move. A pipe distribution box 2 and an equipment box 3 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the base 1 in sequence from bottom to top. Heat dissipation windows 4 are arranged on both the left and right sides of the equipment box 3. A maintenance door 7 for convenient maintenance is rotatably connected to the front wall of the equipment box 3. The control cabinet 5 is arranged on the front wall of the equipment box 3 and is located on the left side of the maintenance door 7. A controller is arranged inside the control cabinet 5, and a touch screen 6 is arranged on the front wall of the control cabinet 5. The walking device provides the device with the ability to move, enabling it to quickly transfer between different fields; the pipe distribution box 2 and the equipment box 3 are arranged in layers, optimizing the pipeline layout space. The controller is used to establish a fertilizer ratio matrix model. The input parameters of this model include: crop type, growth stage, and environmental parameters. The environmental parameters can be obtained by combining common temperature and humidity sensors on the market; the output instructions of this model include the PID parameters (such as K1 = 0.8, K2 = 0.2, K3 = 0.05) of each electric control opening valve 21 and the lifting height of the spraying head 35 (such as some crops require root fertilization and some crops require foliar fertilization). The touch screen 6 provides a man-machine interaction interface, and multiple sets of water and fertilizer ratio schemes can be preset and the pressure and flow data can be monitored in real time; the heat dissipation window 4 ensures the heat dissipation efficiency of components such as the air compressor 9 inside the equipment box 3. The maintenance door 7 facilitates the quick repair of key components such as the solenoid valve 16 and sensors, improving the maintainability and operation convenience of the equipment; In order to construct a multi-tank liquid supply system with independent pressure control, a buffer tank 10 is fixedly connected inside the equipment box 3. Inside the equipment box 3 and on the rear wall of the buffer tank 10, an air compressor 9, a water tank 12, and three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13 are fixedly connected in sequence from left to right. The outlet end of the air compressor 9 is connected to the inlet end of the buffer tank 10 through a pipeline. An exhaust module 11 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank 10. Four exhaust connectors 15 distributed left and right are fixedly connected to the rear wall of the exhaust module 11. Air inlet connectors 17 are arranged at the upper positions near the front walls of the water tank 12 and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13. The four exhaust connectors 15 are respectively connected to an air inlet connector 17 through a pipeline. An electromagnetic valve 16 is arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline between the exhaust connector 15 and the air inlet connector 17. Pressure detection structures are arranged on the upper wall of the buffer tank 10, the outer wall of the water tank 12, and the outer walls of the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13. The pressure detection structure includes a first pressure sensor 18 and four second pressure sensors 19. The first pressure sensor 18 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank 10. The four second pressure sensors 19 are respectively arranged on the side walls of the water tank 12 and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13. The air compressor 9 supplies air to the buffer tank 10, and the intake pressure of each tank is independently adjusted through the electromagnetic valve 16. Combining the first pressure sensor 18 and the second pressure sensors 19 to monitor the pressure data in real time ensures that the conveying pressures of water and different liquid fertilizers are dynamically controllable. Compared with traditional mechanical pumps, the pneumatic drive system avoids the blockage of the pump body by fertilizer particles, significantly reducing the equipment failure rate and the shutdown maintenance frequency; In order to facilitate feeding, feed pipes 14 are fixedly connected to the rear walls of the water tank 12 and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13 at the upper positions near the rear walls. The rear ends of the feed pipes 14 penetrate the rear wall of the equipment box 3 and extend towards the rear of the equipment box 3. Extending the feed pipes 14 to the rear wall of the equipment box 3 allows water and liquid fertilizers to be added directly without opening the equipment box 3; In order to prevent liquid fertilizer precipitation and maintain uniform concentration, a stirring structure is arranged in the liquid fertilizer tank 13. The stirring structure includes a motor 23, a connecting seat 24, a stirring shaft 25, and a stirring frame 26. The connecting seat 24 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank 13. The motor 23 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the connecting seat 24. The protruding shaft of the motor 23 penetrates the upper wall of the connecting seat 24 and extends into the inside of the connecting seat 24. The stirring shaft 25 is rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the liquid fertilizer tank 13. The upper end of the stirring shaft 25 penetrates the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank 13 and extends into the inside of the connecting seat 24. One end of the stirring shaft 25 extending into the inside of the connecting seat 24 is fixedly connected to the end of the protruding shaft of the motor 23 through a coupling. The stirring frame 26 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the stirring shaft 25 and is located inside the liquid fertilizer tank 13. When the motor 23 operates, the stirring frame 26 continuously stirs the solution in the liquid fertilizer tank 13, preventing fertilizer particles from precipitating and caking, and ensuring uniform concentration of the mixed liquid; This design directly solves the problem of pipeline blockage caused by static settlement in traditional liquid fertilizer tanks, and at the same time reduces the need for manual intervention in cleaning; In order to achieve dynamic proportioning and mixing of multiple formulations, discharge pipes 20 are fixedly connected to the front walls of the water tank 12 and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13 near the lower walls. Four groups of elbow pipes 22 distributed left and right are fixedly connected between the upper wall of the pipe distribution box 2 and the lower wall of the equipment box 3. One end of the elbow pipe 22 inside the equipment box 3 is connected to the discharge pipe 20 through a flow control structure. The flow control structure includes four groups of electronically controlled opening valves 21, and the four groups of electronically controlled opening valves 21 are respectively fixedly connected between a group of elbow pipes 22 and a group of discharge pipes 20. The inner lower wall of the pipe distribution box 2 is fixedly connected with a mixing pipe 27 and a confluence device 28 in sequence from left to right. One end of the elbow pipe 22 inside the pipe distribution box 2 is connected to the inlet end of the mixing pipe 27 through a pipeline. The outlet end of the mixing pipe 27 is connected to the outlet end of the confluence device 28. The mixing pipe 27 is an SV type static mixer. The electronically controlled opening valves 21 adjust the discharge flow of each tank according to the controller's instructions. Clear water and liquid fertilizer with different proportions are transported to the mixing pipe 27 through the elbow pipes 22, and rapid and uniform mixing is achieved through the SV type static mixer; the confluence device 28 distributes the mixed liquid to multiple groups of spraying pipes 34 to ensure the consistency of the proportion during synchronous irrigation in multiple areas and meet the differentiated fertilization requirements of crops in different growth periods within the same plot; To adapt to complex terrains and crop height differences, the right walls of the pipe distribution box 2 and the equipment box 3 are jointly connected with a spraying box 8. Multiple groups of spraying pipes 34 are arranged inside the spraying box 8 through a lifting drive structure. The outlet end of the confluence device 28 is connected to the spraying pipes 34. The confluence device 28 is provided with one inlet and multiple outlets. The inlet of the confluence device 28 is connected to the outlet end of the mixing pipe 27 through a pipeline. The multiple outlets of the confluence device 28 are respectively connected to a group of spraying pipes 34 through a pipeline. The lifting drive structure includes a movable plate 32, two groups of guide rods 30, and two groups of electric telescopic rods 31. A fixed plate 29 is fixedly connected inside the spraying box 8. The two groups of electric telescopic rods 31 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate 29 in sequence from front to back. The extending shafts of the two groups of electric telescopic rods 31 penetrate through the inner wall of the fixed plate 29 and extend below the fixed plate 29. The movable plate 32 is fixedly connected to the ends of the two groups of electric telescopic rods 31. The two groups of guide rods 30 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the movable plate 32 and are respectively located on the front and back sides of the two groups of electric telescopic rods 31. One ends of the two groups of guide rods 30 away from the movable plate 32 penetrate through the inner wall of the fixed plate 29 and are slidably connected to the fixed plate 29. Multiple groups of mounting seats 33 are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the movable plate 32 in sequence from front to back. Multiple groups of spraying pipes 34 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower ends of a group of mounting seats 33. The lower ends of the spraying pipes 34 are threadedly connected with spraying heads 35. One end of the spraying head 35 away from the spraying pipe 34 is semi-spherical and multiple spraying holes are arranged on the outer wall. The telescopic movement of the electric telescopic rods 31 drives the movable plate 32 to lift along the guide rods 30, synchronously adjusting the heights of multiple groups of spraying pipes 34 to adapt to different crop canopy heights (such as low spraying for seedlings and high coverage during the mature period) and terrain undulations; the spraying heads 35 can be quickly replaced, and the semi-spherical design expands the coverage range.

[0022] The following takes the planting of tomatoes at different growth stages in the same field as an example for illustration: Using the agricultural fertilization and irrigation integration equipment of the embodiment of the present invention (the structure is as Figures 1 to 6 shown), the liquid fertilizer tanks 13 are allocated as follows: The three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks 13 are respectively named liquid fertilizer tank 13a, liquid fertilizer tank 13b, and liquid fertilizer tank 13c. The specific filling conditions are as follows: Liquid fertilizer tank 13a: Calcium nitrate mother liquor (nitrogen content 15.5%, calcium content 19%, dilution ratio 1:100); ‌Liquid fertilizer tank 13b: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate mother liquor ( , dilution ratio 1:200); ‌Liquid fertilizer tank 13c: Potassium sulfate mother liquor ( content 50%, dilution ratio 1:200); ‌Water tank 12: Clear water (used for diluting the mother liquor and flushing the pipeline).

[0023] ‌Tomato ratio plan at different growth stages‌ ‌Seedling stage (1 - 3 weeks after planting)‌ ‌Nutrient requirements: High nitrogen promotes leaf growth, and appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium strengthen the roots.

[0024] ‌Enabled tanks: Liquid fertilizer tank 13a (calcium nitrate mother liquor) + liquid fertilizer tank 13b (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) + water tank 12.

[0025] ‌Mixing ratio: Liquid fertilizer tank 13a:13b:water = 3:1:6 (target EC value 1.2 - 1.5 mS / cm).

[0026] ‌Equipment operation: The electric control opening valve 21 controls the opening of liquid fertilizer tank 13a at 30%, 13b at 10%, and the opening of water tank 12 at 60%; The mixed liquid is fully mixed through the mixing pipe 27 (SV type static mixer), and the height of the spraying pipe 34 is adjusted to 30 cm (suitable for the low crown layer of seedlings).

[0027] ‌Flowering and fruit - setting stage (4 - 8 weeks)‌ ‌Nutrient requirements: High phosphorus and potassium promote flower and fruit development, and control nitrogen to prevent excessive growth.

[0028] ‌Enabled tanks: Liquid fertilizer tank 13a (calcium nitrate mother liquor) + liquid fertilizer tank 13b (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) + liquid fertilizer tank 13c (potassium sulfate).

[0029] ‌Mixing ratio: Liquid fertilizer tank 13a:13b:13c = 2:4:4 (target EC value 2.0 - 2.5 mS / cm).

[0030] ‌Equipment operation: The electronically controlled opening valve 21 controls the opening degrees of the liquid fertilizer tanks 13a at 20%, 13b at 40%, and 13c at 40%, and the clean water tank 12 is closed. The mixed liquid is distributed to multiple groups of spraying pipes 34 through the confluence device 28, and the spraying height is increased to 60 cm (covering the upper and middle parts of the plants during the flowering period).

[0031] ‌Linkage description of key structures‌ ‌Anti-blocking stirring of liquid fertilizer tanks (liquid fertilizer tanks 13a, 13b, 13c)‌ ‌Purpose‌: To prevent the precipitation of highly soluble fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate when standing still.

[0032] ‌Operation‌: The motor 23 is started regularly (running for 5 minutes every 20 minutes), and drives the stirring frame 26 to continuously disturb the mother liquid in the liquid fertilizer tank.

[0033] ‌Effect‌: Avoid crystal blockage at the bottom of the tank in the discharge pipe 20, and ensure the flow control accuracy of the electronically controlled opening valve 21.

[0034] ‌Pneumatic drive and pressure balance (buffer tank 10, exhaust module 11)‌ ‌Purpose‌: To adapt to different viscosities of mother liquids (for example, the viscosity of calcium nitrate mother liquid is relatively high).

[0035] ‌Operation‌: The air compressor 9 supplies air to the buffer tank 10 until 0.3 MPa, and the intake pressures of the liquid fertilizer tanks 13a, 13b, and 13c are adjusted respectively through the solenoid valve 16; the first pressure sensor 18 monitors the pressure of the buffer tank 10, and the second pressure sensor 19 feeds back the pressure of each tank in real time to ensure the synchronous and stable output of calcium nitrate mother liquid (13a) and potassium sulfate mother liquid (13c).

[0036] ‌Effect‌: Solve the problem of uneven pipeline flow velocity caused by the easy deposition of high-calcium mother liquid.

[0037] ‌Adjustable spraying adaptation (spraying pipe 34, lifting drive structure)‌ ‌Purpose‌: To match the height change of tomato plants and accurately irrigate the roots.

[0038] ‌Operation‌: During the seedling stage, the electric telescopic rod 31 lowers the spraying pipe 34 to 30 cm, and raises it to 60 cm during the flowering stage; the semi-spherical design of the spray head 35 makes the water flow spread in an umbrella shape, avoiding tomato flowers.

[0039] ‌Effect‌: Avoid high-position spraying from washing away pollen (during the flowering stage) or insufficient wetting of low-position spraying (during the seedling stage).

[0040] ‌Advantages of the equipment and verification basis‌ ‌Precise ratio‌: Filling the liquid fertilizer tanks 13a, 13b, and 13c once can cover the requirements of the entire growth period of tomatoes, and achieve stepless switching from "high nitrogen" to "high phosphorus and potassium" through the electronically controlled opening valve 21.

[0041] Anti-clogging verification: The stirring structure (motor 23 + stirring frame 26) can fully handle easily crystallizable fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.

[0042] Agronomic adaptability: The dynamic adjustment error of the spraying height is ≤ 3 cm (detected by common displacement sensors on the market), meeting the agronomic requirements of tomato irrigation for avoiding flowers and protecting fruits.

[0043] Working principle: The traveling device provides the equipment with the ability to move, enabling it to quickly transfer between different fields; the piping box 2 and the equipment box 3 are arranged in layers to optimize the piping layout space. The controller is used to establish a fertilizer ratio matrix model, and the input parameters of this model include: crop type, growth stage, and environmental parameters, and the environmental parameters can be obtained by combining common temperature and humidity sensors on the market; the output instructions of this model include the PID parameters of each electric control opening valve 21 (such as K1 = 0.8, K2 = 0.2, K3 = 0.05) and the lifting height of the spray head 35 (for example, some crops require root fertilization and some crops require foliar fertilization). The touch screen 6 provides a human-machine interaction interface, which can preset multiple sets of water-fertilizer ratio schemes and monitor pressure and flow data in real time; the heat dissipation window 4 ensures the heat dissipation efficiency of components such as the air compressor 9 inside the equipment box 3, and the maintenance door 7 facilitates the quick repair of key components such as the solenoid valve 16 and sensors, improving the maintainability and operation convenience of the equipment; the air compressor 9 supplies air to the buffer tank 10, and the inlet pressure of each tank is independently adjusted through the solenoid valve 16, and the pressure data is monitored in real time by combining the first pressure sensor 18 and the second pressure sensor 19 to ensure that the conveying pressures of clean water and different liquid fertilizers are dynamically controllable. Compared with traditional mechanical pumps, the pneumatic drive system avoids the blockage of the pump body by fertilizer particles, significantly reducing the equipment failure rate and the frequency of shutdown maintenance; extending the feed pipe 14 to the rear wall of the equipment box 3 allows adding clean water and liquid fertilizers directly without opening the equipment box 3; when the motor 23 runs, the stirring frame 26 continuously stirs the solution in the liquid fertilizer tank 13 to prevent fertilizer particles from precipitating and caking, ensuring the uniformity of the mixed liquid concentration; this design directly solves the problem of pipeline blockage caused by the static state of traditional liquid fertilizer tanks and reduces the need for manual intervention in cleaning; the electric control opening valve 21 adjusts the discharge flow of each tank according to the controller's instructions, and clean water and liquid fertilizers with different ratios are conveyed to the mixing pipe 27 through the elbow 22 and are quickly and evenly mixed through the SV type static mixer; the confluence 28 distributes the mixed liquid to multiple groups of spray pipes 34 to ensure the consistency of the ratio during synchronous irrigation in multiple areas, meeting the differentiated fertilization requirements of crops at different growth stages in the same plot; the telescopic movement of the electric telescopic rod 31 drives the movable plate 32 to lift along the guide rod 30, synchronously adjusting the height of multiple groups of spray pipes 34 to adapt to the canopy heights of different crops (such as low spraying for seedlings and high coverage at maturity) and terrain undulations; the spray head 35 can be quickly replaced, and the semi-spherical design expands the coverage range.

Claims

1. An integrated agricultural fertilization and irrigation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1) and a control cabinet (5), wherein the base (1) is driven to move by a walking device, the upper wall of the base (1) is fixedly connected with a pipe distribution box (2) and an equipment box (3) in sequence from bottom to top, the equipment box (3) is fixedly connected with a buffer tank (10), the inside of the equipment box (3) and located at the rear wall of the buffer tank (10) are fixedly connected with an air compressor (9), a clean water tank (12) and three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13) in sequence from left to right, the upper wall of the buffer tank (10), the outer wall of the clean water tank (12) and the outer walls of the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13) are all provided with a pressure detection structure, the liquid fertilizer tank (13) is provided with a stirring structure, the front wall of the clean water tank (12) and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13) and the position close to the lower wall are fixedly connected with a discharge pipe (20), and the pipe distribution box (2 ) is fixedly connected between the upper wall of the distribution box (2) and the lower wall of the equipment box (3) with four groups of curved pipes (22) distributed in the left and right directions. One end of the curved pipe (22) located inside the equipment box (3) is connected to the discharge pipe (20) through a flow control structure. The lower wall inside the distribution box (2) is fixedly connected to the mixing pipe (27) and the confluence device (28) in the left and right directions. One end of the curved pipe (22) located inside the distribution box (2) is connected to the inlet end of the mixing pipe (27) through a pipeline. The outlet end of the mixing pipe (27) is connected to the outlet end of the confluence device (28). The distribution box (2) and the right wall of the equipment box (3) are connected to a spray box (8). A plurality of groups of spray pipes (34) are arranged inside the spray box (8) through a lifting drive structure. The outlet end of the confluence device (28) is connected to the spray pipe (34).

2. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the air compressor (9) is connected to the inlet end of the buffer tank (10) via a pipeline. An exhaust module (11) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank (10). Four groups of exhaust joints (15) distributed on the left and right are fixedly connected to the rear wall of the exhaust module (11). An air intake joint (17) is arranged on the front wall of the clean water tank (12) and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13) near the upper end. The four groups of exhaust joints (15) are respectively connected to a group of air intake joints (17) via a group of pipelines. The exhaust joints (15) and the air intake joints (17) are connected to each other via a plurality of pipelines. A solenoid valve (16) is provided on the outer wall of the pipeline between the two groups; a feed pipe (14) is fixedly connected to the rear wall of the clean water tank (12) and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13) and near the upper end; the rear end of the feed pipe (14) penetrates the rear wall of the equipment box (3) and extends toward the rear of the equipment box (3); a group of inlets and a plurality of groups of outlets are provided on the concentrator (28); the inlet of the concentrator (28) is connected to the outlet end of the mixing pipe (27) through a pipeline; and the plurality of groups of outlets of the concentrator (28) are respectively connected to a group of spray pipes (34) through a group of pipelines.

3. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure detection structure comprises a first pressure sensor (18) and four groups of second pressure sensors (19); the first pressure sensor (18) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the buffer tank (10); and the four groups of second pressure sensors (19) are respectively arranged on the side walls of the clean water tank (12) and the three groups of liquid fertilizer tanks (13).

4. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stirring structure comprises a motor (23), a connecting seat (24), a stirring shaft (25) and a stirring frame (26); the connecting seat (24) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank (13); the motor (23) is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the connecting seat (24); a shaft extending from the motor (23) penetrates the upper wall of the connecting seat (24) and extends into the interior of the connecting seat (24); the stirring shaft (25) is rotatably connected to the lower wall of the inner side of the liquid fertilizer tank (13); the upper end of the stirring shaft (25) penetrates the upper wall of the liquid fertilizer tank (13) and extends into the interior of the connecting seat (24); one end of the stirring shaft (25) extending into the interior of the connecting seat (24) is fixedly connected to the end of the shaft extending from the motor (23) via a coupling; and the stirring frame (26) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the stirring shaft (25) and is located inside the liquid fertilizer tank (13).

5. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow control structure comprises four groups of electrically controlled opening valves (21), and the four groups of electrically controlled opening valves (21) are respectively fixedly connected between a group of curved pipes (22) and a group of discharge pipes (20).

6. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting drive structure comprises a movable plate (32), two groups of guide rods (30) and two groups of electric telescopic rods (31). A fixed plate (29) is fixedly connected inside the spray box (8). The two groups of electric telescopic rods (31) are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate (29) in a front-to-back arrangement. The extension shafts of the two groups of electric telescopic rods (31) penetrate the inner wall of the fixed plate (29) and extend below the fixed plate (29). The movable plate (32) is fixedly connected to the ends of the two groups of electric telescopic rods (31). The two groups of guide rods (30) are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the movable plate (32) and are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the two groups of electric telescopic rods (31). The ends of the two groups of guide rods (30) away from the movable plate (32) penetrate the inner wall of the fixed plate (29) and are slidably connected to the fixed plate (29). The lower wall of the movable plate (32) is fixedly connected to multiple groups of mounting seats (33) in a front-to-back arrangement. Multiple groups of spray pipes (34) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end of a group of mounting seats (33).

7. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end of the spray pipe (34) is threadedly connected to a spray head (35); the end of the spray head (35) away from the spray pipe (34) is semi-spherical and has a plurality of spray holes on its outer wall.

8. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mixing tube (27) is a SV type static mixer.

9. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The equipment box (3) is provided with heat dissipation windows (4) on both left and right sides, the front wall of the equipment box (3) is rotatably connected with a maintenance door (7) for convenient maintenance, and the control cabinet (5) is arranged on the front wall of the equipment box (3) and is located on the left side of the maintenance door (7).

10. The agricultural fertilization and irrigation integrated equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: A controller is arranged inside the control cabinet (5), and a touch screen (6) is arranged on the front wall of the control cabinet (5).

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