Cross-shaped partition catalyst carrier internal component and circular tube reactor comprising same
By designing the partitioned catalyst support components with cross-shaped gas channels in a fixed bed tube reactor, problems such as complex reactor design and catalyst capacity limitation are solved, a more efficient reaction process and a longer catalyst life are achieved, and the economic and competitiveness of the reactor is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510366051.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
In the chemical field, existing fixed bed tubular reactors have problems such as complex design, high construction cost, limited catalyst capacity, limited reactor size and weight, reduced catalyst efficiency and high requirements for catalyst pressure resistance under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
A partitioned catalyst support member with a cross-shaped gas channel is designed to divide the reactant fluid into four areas through the cross-shaped gas channel, increase the reaction area, and prevent product droplets from entering the catalyst container through an oblique downward member. The inner member is combined with the circular tube reactor to form a plurality of partitioned catalyst support inner members arranged in a coaxial manner, reducing processing difficulty and ensuring sealing.
Through the design of the cross-shaped gas channel, the reaction area and fluid diffusion capacity are increased, the reaction efficiency and the service life of the catalyst are improved, the overall weight and size of the reactor are reduced, and the economic and market competitiveness of the reactor is enhanced.
Smart Images
Figure CN120054344A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of chemical reaction processes and reactors, and particularly to a cross-shaped partition catalyst carrier internal member and a circular tube reactor including the same. The reactor is a straight tube partition catalyst carrier container with endothermic and exothermic reactions. More specifically, it relates to a series-parallel coupled straight tube catalyst carrier for carrying catalysts in a reactor for endothermic and exothermic processes. In particular, for CO 2 hydrogenation reaction, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, etc. Background Art
[0002] Fixed bed tube reactors are indispensable equipment in the chemical industry. They consist of a container filled with catalysts and a heat exchange system. There are two main layouts for the heat exchange system: one is around the outside of the catalyst container, and the other is through the inside of the container. Such layouts are designed to achieve efficient heat exchange through the contact between the heat exchange medium and the catalyst wall, so as to control the temperature inside the reactor and ensure the stability and efficiency of the reaction process.
[0003] Although fixed bed tube reactors have wide applications in the chemical industry, they also face some challenges: First, the layout of the heat exchange pipes is usually complex, which increases the design difficulty and construction cost. For systems using external heat exchange media, the limitation of the heat transfer distance requires a smaller diameter of the reactor to ensure effective cooling in the central area, which restricts the design of the catalyst container and makes it difficult to achieve efficient and stable reactor operation. Second, the design of small-diameter pipes means that more pipes are needed to accommodate the required catalyst volume, which not only increases the number of pipes but also significantly increases the overall weight of the reactor. The size and weight of the reactor are restricted by transportation conditions, resulting in limited productivity, especially in large-scale chemical production, which affects the economy and market competitiveness of the reactor. In addition, in a plug flow reactor, as the reactants are consumed and the products accumulate, the catalyst efficiency may be inhibited, affecting the overall performance and economy of the reactor. At the same time, during the reaction process, the products are mixed in the reactants, which also reduces the probability of the reactants contacting the catalyst. Finally, in a large straight tube reactor, the weight of the upper-layer catalyst may cause the lower-layer catalyst to break, posing higher requirements for the pressure resistance and durability of the catalyst, especially under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
[0004] Therefore, although fixed bed tube reactors play an important role in the chemical industry, there are still challenges in their design and application. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a partition catalyst carrier internal member with a cross-shaped gas channel.
[0006] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:
[0007] A partitioned catalyst carrier internal component, the internal component comprising: a container body, a sealing cap provided at the top of the container body, and a base provided at the bottom of the container body; the container body includes a perforated cross-shaped gas channel and a perforated circular tube outer wall, the perforated cross-shaped gas channel is located inside the perforated circular tube outer wall, and is used to evenly divide the internal space of the perforated circular tube outer wall into four regions, and all four regions serve as the main spaces for carrying particulate catalysts; the interior of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel is hollow and serves as a channel for reaction fluid; the sealing cap is used to adjust the flow direction of the reaction fluid entering the container body, and the reactants will first flow into the interior of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel, and then enter the main space through the perforated cross-shaped gas channel; the base is used to seal the bottom of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel and the bottom of the perforated circular tube outer wall. An inclined downward member is also provided on the holes of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel, and this member is located inside the gas channel and is used to make the gas only enter the main space from below, so as to prevent the product droplets existing in the gas from entering the main space.
[0008] In the above technical solution, further, the main space is filled with particulate catalysts, and the size of the holes on the perforated circular tube outer wall is smaller than the size of the particulate catalysts.
[0009] The present invention also provides a circular tube reactor, which includes a circular outer tube and a plurality of the above-mentioned partitioned catalyst carrier internal components. The partitioned catalyst carrier internal components have exactly the same size and are arranged coaxially up and down; the perforated circular tube outer wall of the partitioned catalyst carrier internal component is coaxially arranged with the circular outer tube, so that the center of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel is located at the center of the circular outer tube.
[0010] All parts of this circular tube reactor are made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel and high molecular polymers.
[0011] Through the integrated arrangement of the circular outer tube and a plurality of internal components, the processing difficulty can be reduced, and on the premise of ensuring the sealing of the pipeline, it is convenient for replacement and processing.
[0012] Further, the connection method of the upper and lower partitioned catalyst carrier internal components is that the base of the upper partitioned catalyst carrier internal component is fixed on the top of the sealing cap of the lower partitioned catalyst carrier internal component, and the lower edge of the sealing cap extends outward to directly contact the circular outer tube, so that the reaction gas can only enter the sealing cap from the upper opening of the sealing cap.
[0013] The working method of the above circular tube reactor is as follows:
[0014] The gas first enters the cap through the side opening of the cap, then enters the cross-shaped gas channel with holes in the center, and then the gas enters the main space from the cross-shaped gas channel with holes. In the main space, the reaction fluid reacts under the catalysis of the particulate catalyst to form a product. The product and the unreacted reactants enter the circular outer tube and the outer wall of the perforated circular tube through the perforated circular outer wall, and then the gas enters the second cap to start the next cycle.
[0015] The circular tube reactor with a cross-shaped gas channel of the present invention has the following advantages and innovations:
[0016] In a traditional plug flow reactor, both the reaction and the flow process are axial. At this time, the reaction process at the tail end depends on the flow process at the front section, and the reaction surface is the cross-section of the reactor. However, in the present invention, the built-in cross-shaped gas channel is used as the gas flow channel. After changing the flow direction and the reaction direction to the radial direction, the reaction surface is the outer surface of the circular tube at this time, and the reaction area is larger. At the same time, the member arranged obliquely downward above the holes of the cross-shaped gas channel can force the gas to enter only from below, extending the gas path; at the same time, the incoming gas often carries small droplets of the product. Using this member, the liquid in the gas can collide with the member and decelerate, thereby reducing the probability of the droplets entering the catalyst container and preventing the catalyst from being covered by the small droplets of the product. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 Part drawing of the reactor;
[0018] Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the reactor
[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the holes on the local inner wall of the reactor;
[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the operation of the reactor;
[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the concentration diffusion of the present reactor;
[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the concentration diffusion of the central circular tube reactor;
[0023] Among them, 1 is the cap; 2 is the container body; 3 is the base; 4 is the cross-shaped gas channel with holes; 5 is the outer wall of the perforated circular tube; 6 is the main space; 7 is the circular outer tube. Detailed Embodiments
[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a cross-shaped partition catalyst carrier inner component of the present invention includes three main components: a sealing cap 1, a container body 2, and a base 3. The sealing cap 1 is installed on the container body 2 and can change the path of the reaction fluid entering the container body 2. The container body 2 is composed of a perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4 and a perforated circular tube outer wall 5. The perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4 is located inside the perforated circular tube outer wall 5, and four main spaces 6 for carrying granular catalysts are formed between the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4 and the perforated circular tube outer wall 5. The inside of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4 does not contain catalysts but serves as a channel for the reaction fluid. The aperture of the perforated circular tube outer wall 5 is smaller than the size of the granular catalyst. The main space 6 is filled with granular catalysts, and the reactants will react between the gaps of the granular catalysts after entering the main space. The base 3 is a circular flat plate with a raised platform, and the raised platform can form an assembly relationship with the container body 2 to prevent the reaction fluid from flowing directly out of the bottom of the container body 2.
[0026] As Figure 3 shown, an obliquely downward member is also provided on the holes of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel. This member is located inside the gas channel and is used to allow the gas to enter the main space only from below, thereby preventing the product droplets existing in the gas from entering the main space.
[0027] The schematic diagram of the working process of the circular tube reactor is as Figure 4 shown. First, the circular outer tube 7 is installed, and then the cross-shaped partition catalyst carrier inner component filled with catalysts is assembled and fixed inside the circular outer tube 7. The length of one circular outer tube 7 can accommodate dozens of inner components. After the reaction fluid enters the circular outer tube 7, it will first enter the inside of the sealing cap 1 through the opening of the sealing cap 1, then flow into the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4, and then enter the main space 6 through the holes on the wall surface of the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4. Inside the main space 6, the reaction fluid reacts under the action of the granular catalyst, generating products and possibly accompanied by heat absorption or release. The reaction products and unreacted reactants will return to the circular outer tube 7 through the perforated circular tube outer wall 5 and continue to flow to the next inner component, repeating the above-mentioned flow and reaction process.
[0028] The process of the products and unreacted reactants flowing from the upper inner component to the lower inner component is as follows: They move downward to the position of the sealing cap 1 of the lower inner component and enter the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4 through the sealing cap 1. The gas then enters the main space 6 from the perforated cross-shaped gas channel 4, reacts under the action of the catalyst, and is accompanied by heat absorption or release.
[0029] Collect the products discharged from the last inner component, and the reaction is completed.
[0030] During the entire reaction process, the heat or cold generated by the catalyst reaction is transferred to the circular outer tube 7, and heat and cold are exchanged on the outside of the circular tube reactor through forced convection heat transfer.
[0031] In a specific embodiment, the inlet area of the cross-shaped gas channel of the circular tube reactor with the cross-shaped gas channel 4 with holes in the present invention is 4600 mm 2 . And a circular tube reactor with a circular hollow tube with the same inlet area as the gas channel is set for comparison. And an inlet concentration of 2 mol / m 2 and an inlet flow rate of 0.1 m / s are set at the inlets of both. Using the numerical simulation method, at 5 s after the fluid starts to enter, the average concentration on the outer surface of the circular tube reactor with the cross-shaped gas channel 4 with holes in the internal channel is 0.266 mol / m 3 (as Figure 5 ), while the average concentration on the outer surface of the circular tube reactor with a circular hollow tube in the internal channel is 0.003 mol / m 3 (as Figure 6 ), indicating that in the case of the same area, the internal fluid in the cross-shaped gas channel can flow to the outer surface faster, with stronger diffusion ability, which helps the reaction to proceed and is more helpful for improving the performance of the multi-tube system.
Claims
1. A cross-shaped partitioned catalyst carrier internal component, characterized in that: include: A container body, a sealing cap arranged on the top of the container body, and a base arranged on the bottom of the container body; the container body includes a cross-shaped gas channel with holes and a circular tube outer wall with holes, the cross-shaped gas channel with holes is located inside the circular tube outer wall with holes, and is used to evenly divide the internal space of the circular tube outer wall with holes into four areas, and the four areas are all used as main spaces for carrying particulate catalysts; the inside of the cross-shaped gas channel with holes is hollow, and serves as a channel for reactant fluid; the sealing cap is used to adjust the flow direction of the reactant fluid entering the container body, and the reactant will first flow into the inside of the cross-shaped gas channel with holes, and then enter the main space through the cross-shaped gas channel with holes; the base is used to close the bottom of the cross-shaped gas channel with holes and the bottom of the circular tube outer wall with holes.
2. A cross-shaped partitioned catalyst carrier internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that: A member inclined downward is also provided on the hole of the cross-shaped gas passage with holes, and the member is located in the passage.
3. A circular tube reactor, characterized in that: It comprises a circular outer tube and a plurality of partitioned catalyst carrier internal components as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the partitioned catalyst carrier internal components are completely identical in size and are coaxially arranged up and down; the outer wall of the circular tube with holes of the partitioned catalyst carrier internal components is coaxially arranged with the circular outer tube, so that the center of the cross-shaped gas channel with holes is located at the center of the circular outer tube.
4. A circular tube reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connection method of the upper and lower partitioned catalyst carrier internal components is that the base of the upper partitioned catalyst carrier internal component is fixed to the top of the sealing cap of the lower partitioned catalyst carrier internal component, and the lower edge of the sealing cap extends outward and directly contacts the circular outer tube, so that the gas can only enter the sealing cap from the upper opening of the sealing cap. After entering the sealing cap, the gas then enters the cross-shaped gas channel with holes. The gas enters the main space from the cross-shaped gas channel with holes and reacts with the catalyst. Finally, the gas will enter the space formed by the circular outer tube and the outer wall of the circular tube with holes through the outer wall of the circular tube with holes. After that, the gas will enter the second sealing cap and start the next cycle.