Rapid separation method and device for high value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of solid waste resource, in particular to a high-value component rapid separation method and device for waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis. The device comprises a preheating unit (10), a crushing unit (20), a pyrolysis unit (30), a superheated steam supply unit (40) and a pyrolysis gas treatment unit (50). The preheating unit (10) is provided with a heating mechanism or is in communication with an external heat source. The crushing unit (20) has a rolling platform (21) provided with a lifting roller shaft group at the top. The pyrolysis unit (30) is provided with a heating mechanism and has a first superheated steam inlet pipe (41). The superheated steam supply unit (40) is used for producing superheated steam and providing superheated steam for the pyrolysis unit (30). Compared with the traditional pyrolysis process, the processing time is shortened by 1 / 2, the separation efficiency is greatly improved, the amount of organic waste water generated is reduced, and the tail end treatment load is reduced.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] The approximate composition of waste photovoltaic modules is as follows: glass 70%, aluminum 18%, adhesive sealant 6%, silicon 5%, and silver 1%. Among these, glass, aluminum, silicon, and silver have relatively high recycling value. According to relevant industry associations, my country is expected to begin generating a large volume of waste photovoltaic modules by 2025, and by 2030, the annual production of waste photovoltaic modules in China will reach 1.4 million tons. The recycling and utilization of waste photovoltaic modules will become an urgent need for the green development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] In recent years, with the development and maturation of anaerobic pyrolysis technology, it has gradually emerged as a promising technology in the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules. As early as 2014, Chinese patent document CN103978021A disclosed a method for dismantling and recycling waste crystalline silicon solar panels to achieve the separate recycling of aluminum frames, tempered glass, silicon wafers, aluminum, silver, and copper. The method involves placing the waste crystalline silicon solar panels in a sealed heating device and heating them at high temperature for 3 hours to completely separate the aluminum alloy frame, copper wires, solar cells, and tempered glass. After the heating device cools down, the aluminum alloy frame, copper wires, and tempered glass are sorted out for recycling. Chinese patent document CN114833176A discloses a method for the comprehensive recycling of all components of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, treating complete and incomplete waste photovoltaic modules separately. For incomplete panels, after being cut into blocks, rotary low-temperature vacuum pyrolysis is performed. The pyrolysis reaction is carried out in a closed rotary furnace at a temperature of 300°C for 45 minutes, yielding hydrogen-containing pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue. The pyrolysis residue is then subjected to eddy current separation to obtain glass slag, solder conductors, photovoltaic panel fragments, and pyrolysis ash. The pyrolysis ash is then leached with nitric acid to obtain leaching residue and a precious metal-containing acid leaching solution. Chinese patent document CN115786713A also discloses a method for recovering aluminum and silver from crystalline silicon panels separated from solar panel components through acid leaching and silver chloride precipitation.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN113748299A discloses a pyrolysis apparatus that uses superheated steam as a heat source. It comprises three main processing chambers: an inlet preparation chamber, a furnace body, and an outlet preparation chamber. Each chamber is equipped with a superheated steam inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe, and an in-furnace conveying section. The end of the superheated steam inlet pipe has an upper nozzle that sprays superheated steam downwards and a lower nozzle that sprays superheated steam upwards. These nozzles are configured to clamp a panel within the pyrolysis furnace, causing the plastic material layer to vaporize and be removed. A drawback of this design is that, because superheated steam is used as the heat source, the cooling of the superheated steam and pyrolysis products generates a large amount of organic wastewater, which is difficult to treat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis. With the participation of superheated steam, the separation time between glass and silicon wafers is shortened, while reducing the generation of organic wastewater.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A rapid separation method for high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis includes the following steps. S1. Frame disassembly: Remove the aluminum frame and junction box from the broken or unbroken waste photovoltaic modules; S2, Module Preheating: The waste photovoltaic modules are transported to the preheating space, where the waste photovoltaic modules are heated to above 80°C; S3. Crushing and Rolling: The waste photovoltaic modules are laid flat on the crushing platform and rolled and crushed by rollers to break the glass and back sheet layers but still keep them in a flat state. S4. Module pyrolysis: Waste photovoltaic modules are crushed and then pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis space is heated by an external heat source to maintain the temperature in the pyrolysis space at 400-800℃. Superheated steam is introduced as an auxiliary heating medium. Pyrolysis yields mutually separated broken glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons. The generated pyrolysis gas is discharged for harmless treatment. S5. Cooling and sorting: After cooling the pyrolysis solid products, sorting is performed to obtain glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons.

[0007] The inventive concept of this application is as follows: (1) Unlike the traditional method of cutting waste photovoltaic modules into blocks before pyrolysis, this scheme does not physically crush them beforehand, but instead preheats and crushes them. After crushing, the fragments are still in an adhesive state, which not only reduces dust, but also loosens and separates the structural layers to a certain extent, which is conducive to the rapid pyrolysis of the EVA layer.

[0008] (2) To accelerate the pyrolysis of the flattened fragments, superheated steam is introduced as an auxiliary heating medium, allowing the superheated steam to pass through the gaps between the fragments to improve processing efficiency. Although Chinese patent document CN113748299A also uses superheated steam, it uses superheated steam as a heating source, while the superheated steam in this application is only used as an auxiliary heating medium. Due to the significant reduction in the amount of superheated steam used, the organic wastewater caused by the superheated steam is also significantly reduced accordingly.

[0009] As an improvement, in step S2, the temperature in the preheating space is not less than 100°C and the preheating time is not less than 5 minutes, so that the EVA layer softens or even partially decomposes, thereby improving the separation effect of each structural layer during subsequent rolling.

[0010] As an improvement, in step S3, the number of layers of discarded photovoltaic modules laid out on the compaction platform does not exceed three. Too many layers will affect the separation effect of the compaction on each structural layer.

[0011] As a further improvement, in step S3, the outer surface of the roller and the top of the rolling platform are provided with protruding particles that help to break up the waste photovoltaic modules. The protruding particles on the top of the rolling platform not only help to increase the crushing effect, but also play a role in establishing gas channels, which is conducive to the superheated steam acting on the waste photovoltaic modules from bottom to top, and also facilitates the pyrolysis gas to be discharged from the gaps between the protruding particles.

[0012] As an improvement, in step S4, the amount of superheated steam introduced into the pyrolysis space does not exceed 1 / 10 of the amount of pyrolysis gas discharged, and the amount of superheated steam input can be controlled according to the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas.

[0013] As an improvement, in step S4, the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 500-700℃, and the residence time is 20-50 minutes.

[0014] As an improvement, the preheating space and the pyrolysis space adopt a jacketed heating method. The high-temperature flue gas heats the pyrolysis space and the preheating space in sequence. In this way, the preheating space can meet its heating requirements only by using the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, without the need for additional energy supply.

[0015] As a further improvement, steps S3 and S4 are completed in the same enclosed space, eliminating the need to transfer the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0016] Another objective of this application is to provide an apparatus capable of implementing the above-described method, comprising: The preheating unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism or connected to an external heat source; The crushing unit is a sealable chamber with a rolling platform and a lifting roller assembly on top; The pyrolysis unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism and a superheated steam inlet pipe; The superheated steam supply unit is used to produce superheated steam and supply superheated steam to the pyrolysis unit; The pyrolysis gas treatment unit is used to collect the gases generated by the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit and to treat them in a harmless manner. The preheating unit, crushing unit, and pyrolysis unit are all equipped with access channels to facilitate the entry and exit of waste photovoltaic modules.

[0017] As an improvement, the preheating unit is equipped with a second superheated steam inlet pipe, which is connected to the superheated steam supply unit.

[0018] As an improvement, the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit each have their own independently controlled conveying platforms to move the waste photovoltaic modules, and the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules in the crushing unit is driven by rollers.

[0019] As an improvement, the heating mechanism is a heating jacket, and the pyrolysis gas treatment unit includes a combustion chamber and an exhaust gas treatment mechanism. The pyrolysis gas is rendered harmless through combustion in the combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber provides heat to the heating mechanisms of the pyrolysis unit and the preheating unit in sequence, and is then treated by the exhaust gas treatment mechanism before being discharged.

[0020] As an improvement, the heating mechanism is a heating rod, which is horizontally arranged in the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: component preheating, crushing, and component pyrolysis can generally be completed in 60 minutes, yielding fully pyrolyzed intermediate products—crushed glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons. Compared with traditional pyrolysis processes, the processing time is shortened by 1 / 2, resulting in a significant improvement in separation efficiency. Secondly, the amount of organic wastewater generated is small, reducing the tail-end treatment load. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of embodiment 2 of the device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the compaction platform of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller shaft of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a layout diagram of embodiment 3 of the device described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a layout diagram of embodiment 4 of the device described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a layout diagram of embodiment 5 of the device described in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 10. Preheating unit; 11. Preheating flue gas jacket; 12. Second pyrolysis gas outlet pipe; 20. Crushing unit; 21. Compacting platform; 22. Roller; 23. Reinforcing pad; 30. Pyrolysis unit; 31. Pyrolysis flue gas jacket; 32. First pyrolysis gas outlet pipe; 33. Agitator fan; 34. Heating rod; 203. Crushing and pyrolysis unit; 40. Superheated steam supply unit; 41. First superheated steam inlet pipe; 42. Second superheated steam inlet pipe; 50. Pyrolysis gas treatment unit; 51. Combustion chamber; 52. Exhaust gas treatment mechanism; 53. High-temperature flue gas pipeline; 54. Flue gas transfer pipeline; 55. Flue gas exhaust pipeline; 60. Inlet / outlet channel; 61. Electrically controlled door; 70. Conveying platform; 80. Waste photovoltaic modules. Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims. Example

[0025] The waste photovoltaic modules targeted by this invention can be complete, or partially broken or curled. The high-value components are rapidly separated using the following steps.

[0026] S1, Frame Disassembly Removing the aluminum frame and junction box from broken or unbroken discarded photovoltaic modules can be done manually or mechanically, which is an existing technology.

[0027] S2, Component preheating The disassembled photovoltaic modules are transported to a preheating space where the temperature is not less than 100°C and the preheating time is not less than 5 minutes, so that the waste photovoltaic modules are heated to above 80°C.

[0028] If both the preheating and pyrolysis spaces employ jacketed heating, the high-temperature flue gas heats the pyrolysis and preheating spaces sequentially. In this case, the specific temperature within the preheating space depends on the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas upon arrival. Clearly, the higher the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and the longer the residence time of the waste photovoltaic modules in the preheating space, the better the preheating effect.

[0029] Preferably, the preheating time of the component is basically the same as the subsequent pyrolysis time of the component, such as staying in the preheating space for 28 minutes, staying in the pyrolysis space for 30 minutes, and crushing for 2 minutes.

[0030] The gas generated during preheating is mixed with the gas generated during subsequent pyrolysis and then subjected to harmless treatment.

[0031] S3, Crushing The waste photovoltaic modules are laid flat on the compaction platform, with no more than three layers. Curled waste photovoltaic modules are placed on the bottom layer, and partially broken modules are placed between two layers. A roller is used to roll and compact the surface of the waste photovoltaic modules, causing the glass and backsheet layers to break but still maintaining a flat state. The outer surface of the roller and the top of the compaction platform are equipped with raised particles to aid in the breakage of the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0032] Those skilled in the art should know that not preheating the crushing platform and rollers, so that there is a large temperature difference between the waste photovoltaic modules and the crushing platform and rollers, can facilitate the crushing of the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0033] S4, Component Pyrolysis Waste photovoltaic modules are crushed and then pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis space is heated by an external heat source to maintain the temperature at 400-800℃, preferably 500-700℃. Verification has shown that holding the module at 500℃ for approximately 20 minutes can remove the EVA layer. During pyrolysis, superheated steam is introduced as an auxiliary heating medium. The amount of superheated steam introduced into the pyrolysis space should not exceed 1 / 10 of the amount of pyrolysis gas discharged, preferably not exceeding 1 / 20. The amount of superheated steam introduced is adjusted as needed based on the amount of pyrolysis gas discharged. After pyrolysis, separated fragments of glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons are obtained. The pyrolysis gas generated is discharged and subjected to harmless treatment.

[0034] The crushing and pyrolysis steps and the module pyrolysis steps can also be completed in the same enclosed space, so there is no need to transfer the waste photovoltaic modules.

[0035] S5, Cooling and Sorting After cooling, the pyrolysis solid products are sorted to obtain glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons.

[0036] Technical effect verification Comparative Experiment 1: Take two discarded photovoltaic modules with their frames removed, cut them into small cubes of about 50×50mm, place them in a converter, and pyrolyze them under the action of high-temperature flue gas at 550℃. After 120 minutes, the glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons are completely separated, with no EVA and plastic residue.

[0037] Comparative Experiment 2: Take the same number of waste photovoltaic modules, preheat them with high-temperature flue gas at about 450℃ for 40 minutes, crush the waste photovoltaic modules in a horizontal state, and pyrolyze them under the action of high-temperature flue gas at 550℃ for 50 minutes. The glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons are completely separated, with no EVA and plastic residue.

[0038] Comparative Experiment 3: The same number of waste photovoltaic modules were taken, preheated with high-temperature flue gas at approximately 450℃ for 30 minutes, crushed horizontally, and then pyrolyzed under high-temperature flue gas at 550℃ for 30 minutes. Simultaneously, the modules were pressed at a speed of 0.6m... 3 Superheated steam is continuously introduced at a constant flow rate of / min (the amount of pyrolysis gas produced is approximately 800 m³ / min). 3 (Approximately 1 hour), the glass, silicon wafer, and solder ribbon are completely separated, with no EVA or plastic residue. Example

[0039] Example 2 provides a heat treatment apparatus that can implement the solution described in this application, such as... Figure 1As shown, the device includes six main functional units: a preheating unit 10, a crushing unit 20, a pyrolysis unit 30, a superheated steam supply unit 40, and a pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50.

[0040] The preheating unit 10 is a sealable chamber, equipped with a heating jacket, and a preheating flue gas jacket 11 surrounds the preheating unit 10. Of course, preheating can also be achieved using other external heat sources. The crushing unit 20 is a sealable chamber with a compaction platform 21, the top view of which is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it is covered with protruding particles. The top of the crushing unit 20 is equipped with a lifting roller assembly, which consists of several rollers 22 arranged together. The structure of each roller 22 is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, the surface is covered with raised particles. When waste photovoltaic modules 80 are piled on the crushing platform 21, the lifting roller assembly descends and contacts the waste photovoltaic modules 80, then rolls, crushing the waste photovoltaic modules 80 while pushing them towards the outlet of the crushing unit 20. The lifting roller assembly is also existing technology, and its lifting structure can be implemented with reference to the telescopic movement structure in Chinese patent document CN115646996 A, where its heating mechanism can move vertically.

[0041] The pyrolysis unit 30 is a sealable chamber located below the outlet of the crushing unit 20, allowing the crushed waste photovoltaic modules 80 to smoothly enter the pyrolysis unit 30. The heating mechanism of the pyrolysis unit 30 is a heating jacket, and a pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 surrounds the exterior of the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis unit 30 has a first superheated steam inlet pipe 41. The pyrolysis unit 30 is also equipped with a stirring fan 33 to promote the circulation of superheated steam within the pyrolysis unit 30. The superheated steam supply unit 40 produces superheated steam and provides it to the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50 collects the gases generated by the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30 for harmless treatment. The preheating unit 10 has a second pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 12 to outlet the pyrolysis gas from the preheating unit 10 to the pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50, and the pyrolysis unit 30 has a first pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 32 to outlet the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis unit 30 to the pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit 50 includes a combustion chamber 51 and an exhaust gas treatment mechanism 52. The pyrolysis gas is rendered harmless through combustion in the combustion chamber 51. The high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber 51 passes sequentially through a pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 located on the exterior of the pyrolysis unit 30 and a preheating flue gas jacket 11 located on the exterior of the preheating unit 10, thereby providing heat for pyrolysis and preheating for the pyrolysis unit 30 and the preheating unit 10. The pipeline between the combustion chamber 51 and the pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 is a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53, the pipeline between the pyrolysis flue gas jacket 31 and the preheating flue gas jacket 11 is a flue gas transfer pipeline 54, and the pipeline between the preheating flue gas jacket 11 and the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 52 is a flue gas exhaust pipeline 55. The flue gas exhaust is discharged after being treated by the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 52.

[0042] The preheating unit 10, crushing unit 20, and pyrolysis unit 30 are all equipped with inlet / outlet channels 60 to facilitate the entry and exit of waste photovoltaic modules 80. The inlet / outlet channels 60 are equipped with electrically controlled doors 61 to achieve automatic connection and isolation between the chambers. The preheating unit 10 and pyrolysis unit 30 each have independently controlled conveying platforms 70 to move the waste photovoltaic modules 80, while in the crushing unit 20, the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules 80 is driven by rollers 22. The connection method of the preheating unit 10, crushing unit 20, and pyrolysis unit 30 can be found in Chinese patent document CN113748299A. Example

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 2 is that Embodiment 3 provides another apparatus for implementing the scheme described in this application, wherein the superheated steam supply unit 40 has a second superheated steam inlet pipe 42 for introducing superheated steam into the preheating unit 10 to increase the preheating effect. Furthermore, the preheating unit 10 is also equipped with a stirring fan 33 to promote the circulation of superheated steam within the preheating unit 10. Example

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the difference between Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 2 is that Embodiment 4 provides another device to implement the solution described in this application. It changes the heating method of Embodiment 2 by using a heating rod 34 to more precisely control the heating temperature. The heating rod 34 is horizontally arranged within the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30. The pyrolysis gas extracted from the preheating unit 10 and the pyrolysis unit 30 is burned in the combustion chamber 51 and then provides a heat source to the superheated steam supply unit 40 via the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53. After the high-temperature flue gas is cooled and becomes exhaust gas, it is still treated by the exhaust gas treatment mechanism 52 before being discharged. Example

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference between Embodiment 5 and Embodiment 2 is that the crushing unit 20 and pyrolysis unit 30 in Embodiment 2 are replaced with the same sealable space, namely the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203. The first superheated steam inlet pipe 41 is connected to the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203, and an agitator fan 33 is installed on the side wall of the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 to promote the circulation of superheated steam. The preheating unit 10 and the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 each have independently controlled conveying platforms 70 to move the waste photovoltaic modules 80. The conveying platform 70 is a chain conveyor, and a reinforcing pad 23 for bearing the pressure of the rollers is provided between the upper and lower chain plates of the chain conveyor in the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203. The lifting roller group consists of 6 sets of rollers 22, with 3 sets of rollers 22 on the left and 3 sets on the right rotating in opposite directions, so that the waste photovoltaic modules 80 do not experience significant displacement on the conveying platform 70 while being crushed. The pyrolysis gas extracted from the preheating unit 10 and the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 is burned in the combustion chamber 51 and then provides a heating source for the crushing and pyrolysis unit 203 and the preheating unit 10 in sequence through the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 53. After the high-temperature flue gas is cooled down and becomes flue gas tail gas, it is still treated by the tail gas treatment mechanism 52 before being discharged.

Claims

1. A rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, S1. Frame disassembly: Remove the aluminum frame and junction box from the broken or unbroken waste photovoltaic modules; S2, Module Preheating: The waste photovoltaic modules are transported to the preheating space, where the waste photovoltaic modules are heated to above 80°C; S3. Crushing and Rolling: The waste photovoltaic modules are laid flat on the crushing platform and rolled and crushed by rollers to break the glass and back sheet layers but still keep them in a flat state. S4. Module pyrolysis: Waste photovoltaic modules are crushed and then pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis space is heated by an external heat source to maintain the temperature in the pyrolysis space at 400-800℃. Superheated steam is introduced as an auxiliary heating medium. Pyrolysis yields mutually separated broken glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons. The generated pyrolysis gas is discharged for harmless treatment. S5. Cooling and sorting: After cooling the pyrolysis solid products, sorting is performed to obtain glass, silicon wafers and solder ribbons.

2. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the temperature in the preheating space is not less than 100°C, and the preheating time is not less than 5 minutes.

3. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the number of layers of waste photovoltaic modules laid on the rolling platform shall not exceed 3.

4. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, both the outer surface of the roller and the top of the crushing platform are provided with protruding particles that help break up the waste photovoltaic modules.

5. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of superheated steam introduced into the pyrolysis space does not exceed 1 / 10 of the amount of pyrolysis gas discharged.

6. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the temperature in the pyrolysis space is maintained at 500-700℃, and the residence time is 20-50 min.

7. The rapid separation method for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating space and pyrolysis space are heated by a jacketed heating method, and the high-temperature flue gas is heated in the pyrolysis space and the preheating space in sequence.

8. The method for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules based on pyrolysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Steps S3 and S4 are completed within the same enclosed space.

9. A device for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules for implementing any one of the methods described in claims 1-8, characterized in that: include The preheating unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism or connected to an external heat source; The crushing unit is a sealable chamber with a rolling platform and a lifting roller assembly on top; The pyrolysis unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism and has a first superheated steam inlet pipe; The superheated steam supply unit is used to produce superheated steam and supply superheated steam to the pyrolysis unit; The pyrolysis gas treatment unit is used to collect the gases generated by the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit and to treat them in a harmless manner. The preheating unit, crushing unit, and pyrolysis unit are all equipped with access channels to facilitate the entry and exit of waste photovoltaic modules.

10. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The preheating unit is equipped with a second superheated steam inlet pipe, which is connected to the superheated steam supply unit.

11. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The preheating unit and pyrolysis unit each have their own independently controlled conveying platforms to move the waste photovoltaic modules, while the movement of the waste photovoltaic modules in the crushing unit is driven by rollers.

12. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is a heating jacket. The pyrolysis gas treatment unit includes a combustion chamber and an exhaust gas treatment mechanism. The pyrolysis gas is rendered harmless through combustion in the combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber provides heat to the heating mechanisms of the pyrolysis unit and the preheating unit in sequence, and is then treated by the exhaust gas treatment mechanism before being discharged.

13. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is a heating rod, which is horizontally arranged in the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit.

14. A device for rapid separation of high-value components from waste photovoltaic modules for implementing any of the methods described in claims 1-8, characterized in that: include The preheating unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism or connected to an external heat source; The crushing and pyrolysis unit is a sealable chamber equipped with a heating mechanism and a first superheated steam inlet pipe; it has a rolling platform inside and a lifting roller assembly on top. The superheated steam supply unit is used to produce superheated steam and supply superheated steam to the pyrolysis unit; The pyrolysis gas treatment unit is used to collect the gases generated by the preheating unit, crushing and pyrolysis unit and treat them in a harmless manner. The preheating unit, crushing and pyrolysis unit are all equipped with access channels to facilitate the entry and exit of waste photovoltaic modules.

15. The rapid separation device for high-value components of waste photovoltaic modules as described in claim 14, characterized in that: The preheating unit, crushing and pyrolysis unit each have their own independently controlled conveying platforms to move the waste photovoltaic modules. The conveying platform of the crushing and pyrolysis unit is also equipped with a reinforcing pad to withstand the pressure of the rollers.

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