A right-handed right-cut-left-handed right-cut combined milling cutter and a production process thereof

Abstract

This application relates to the field of milling cutter technology, specifically disclosing a right-handed right-cutting and left-handed right-cutting composite milling cutter and its manufacturing process. It includes a shank and a cutter head. Multiple right-handed right-cutting edges are provided at the end of the cutter head away from the shank, and multiple left-handed right-cutting edges are provided at the end of the cutter head near the shank. The right-handed and left-handed right-cutting edges are arranged alternately, with each left-handed right-cutting edge extending between two adjacent right-handed right-cutting edges. A main chip removal groove is provided between two adjacent left-handed right-cutting edges. A right-handed secondary groove is provided on the side of the right-handed right-cutting edge away from its cutting edge, and a left-handed secondary groove is provided on the side of the left-handed right-cutting edge away from its cutting edge. A right-handed chip removal groove is provided between two adjacent right-handed right-cutting edges, and a connecting groove is provided between the cutting edge of the right-handed right-cutting edge and the end of the left-handed right-cutting edge away from the shank. This application has the effects of increasing the number of chip removal paths, increasing the chip accommodating space, and reducing chip clogging.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of milling cutters, in particular to a right-rotation right-cut-left-rotation right-cut composite milling cutter and a production process. BACKGROUND

[0002] A milling cutter is a rotary cutter with one or more teeth used for milling machining. The milling cutter is mainly used for machining planes, steps, grooves, shaped surfaces and cutting off workpieces on a milling machine.

[0003] There are many types of milling cutters. When milling horizontal grooves in high-gloss plates, rubber-wood plates, aluminum alloy thin plates and double-laminated plates, a conventional single-spiral milling cutter or a bidirectional spiral blade milling cutter is usually used for machining. The single-spiral milling cutter is low in price and fast in machining speed, but is prone to cause the adhesion of debris on the groove wall of the plate, hairiness and low smoothness. The bidirectional spiral blade milling cutter is high in cost and relatively low in chip removal efficiency, but is less prone to tear the plate and is high in product quality when machining thin plates, especially double-laminated plates.

[0004] A Chinese patent with the application number 2014201152806 in the related art proposes a positive and negative spiral groove milling cutter, which comprises a blade part and a handle part. The blade part comprises left spiral cutting edges and right spiral cutting edges, and the two spiral cutting edges are arranged in a cross shape. The left spiral cutting edges are composed of only circumferential teeth, and the right spiral cutting edges are composed of end face teeth and circumferential teeth.

[0005] According to the related art in the above, the inventors believe that the following defects exist: Because the directions of rotation of the chip removal grooves between the left spiral cutting edges and the chip removal grooves between the right spiral cutting edges are opposite, and the milling cutter is usually right-rotation when milling grooves, the chips in the adjacent right spiral cutting edge chip removal grooves move towards the handle, and the chips in the adjacent left spiral cutting edge chip removal grooves move away from the handle. The chips in the two opposite directions are pressed and collided with each other, which easily causes the chip removal to be not smooth and the chip removal efficiency to be low when the milling cutter is working. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to improve the problem of unsmooth chip removal and low chip removal efficiency in the milling process of the double-rotation milling cutter, the application provides a right-rotation right-cut-left-rotation right-cut composite milling cutter and a production process.

[0007] The right-rotation right-cut-left-rotation right-cut composite milling cutter and the production process provided by the application adopt the following technical scheme:

[0008] A right-hand right-cut-left-hand right-cut combined milling cutter and a production process, comprising a cutter handle and a cutter head, a plurality of right-hand right-cut blades are arranged at the end of the cutter head away from the cutter handle, a plurality of left-hand right-cut blades are arranged at the end of the cutter head close to the cutter handle, the right-hand right-cut blades and the left-hand right-cut blades are staggered with each other, and each left-hand right-cut blade extends into between two adjacent right-hand right-cut blades;

[0009] A main chip flute is left between two adjacent left-hand right-cut blades, a right-hand secondary flute is left on the side of the right-hand right-cut blade away from the blade, a left-hand secondary flute is left on the side of the left-hand right-cut blade away from the blade, a right-hand chip flute is left between two adjacent right-hand right-cut blades, a communication flute is left between the blade of the right-hand right-cut blade and the end of the left-hand right-cut blade away from the cutter handle, and the bottom walls of the main chip flute, the right-hand chip flute and the communication flute are smoothly connected.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, when milling, the chips milled by the right-hand right-cut blades are located in the right-hand chip flutes and the communication flutes and have a tendency to enter the main chip flutes, the chips milled by the left-hand right-cut blades are located in the main chip flutes, the chips in the communication flutes fly out at the junction where the communication flutes flow into the main chip flutes when colliding with the chips in the main chip flutes, and a small part of the chips in the communication flutes after collision enter the left-hand secondary flutes and gradually fly out, a small part of the chips in the main chip flutes collide with a small part of the chips milled by the next right-hand right-cut blade at the end of the main chip flute away from the cutter handle, so that part of the chips enter the right-hand secondary flutes and continue to be discharged downward, the right-hand secondary flutes and the left-hand secondary flutes increase the volume that can accommodate the chips, and the right-hand secondary flutes and the left-hand secondary flutes further increase the discharge route of the chips, effectively reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming. In the process of milling the double veneer panel, the right-hand right-cut blades make the lower part of the double veneer panel subjected to an upward cutting force, and the left-hand right-cut blades make the upper half of the double veneer panel subjected to a downward cutting force, so as to balance the overall stress of the double veneer panel, reduce machining vibration, improve cutting stability, and reduce the probability of separation at the junction of the double veneer panel and edge collapse of the sidewall of the double veneer panel. At the same time, each left-hand right-cut blade extends into between two adjacent right-hand right-cut blades, that is, the left-hand right-cut blades and the right-hand right-cut blades form axial overlap, the right-hand right-cut blades and the left-hand right-cut blades in the overlap area form a couple balance, reduce torque fluctuation, and the overlap area also makes the natural frequency of the cutter deviate to the common cutting vibration frequency band, so as to suppress the vibration of the cutter head.

[0011] Optionally, the groove bottom wall of the right-hand chip flute and the groove bottom wall of the communication flute are in a "person" shape, the distance between the groove bottom wall of the right-hand chip flute and the axis of the cutter head is smaller than the distance between the groove bottom wall of the main chip flute and the axis of the cutter head, and the bottom wall of the end where the communication flute flows into the main chip flute protrudes from the bottom wall of the main chip flute.

[0012] By adopting the technical scheme, the right-hand spiral chip flute and the communication groove are in a "person" shape, that is, the depth of the right-hand spiral chip flute is greater away from the end of the shank, which is convenient for guiding the direction of the waste chip when the drill head drills a hole, and meanwhile, the depth of the right-hand spiral chip flute is greater and the volume is larger, so that when the drill head mills a groove, it is convenient for guiding the direction of the downward cut chip in the main chip flute and the upward cut chip milled by the right-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge; the communication groove is higher than the main chip flute, so that when the communication groove and the main chip flute discharge chips, the cut chips in the main chip flute collide and extrude the cut chips in the communication groove, and most of the cut chips in the main chip flute are closer to the axis of the drill head than the cut chips in the communication groove, so that the cut chips in the main chip flute extrude most of the cut chips in the communication groove out of the main chip flute and the remaining part into the left-hand spiral sub-chip flute, further reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming.

[0013] Optionally, the depth of the main chip flute is 1mm, the width of the main chip flute is 2.2mm, the width of the left-hand spiral sub-chip flute is 1.3mm, and the thickness of the drill head is 4mm.

[0014] By adopting the technical scheme, the large depth of the main chip flute and the large width of 3.5mm of the main chip flute plus the left-hand spiral sub-chip flute effectively ensure the temporary storage space of the cut chip, reduce the phenomenon of chip jamming, and reduce the frequency of stopping for chip removal, and the depth of 1mm of the main chip flute ensures that the drill head has high strength under high chip removal efficiency, while the depth of 0.8mm of the main chip flute is insufficient in cut chip capacity, the frequency of stopping for chip removal increases by 50%, and the machining efficiency is low; and if the depth of the main chip flute is 1.2mm, the thickness of the drill head is reduced, although the chip removal efficiency is improved, the rigidity of the drill head is reduced by 20%, which affects the machining precision of the workpiece and the service life of the drill head.

[0015] Optionally, the helix angle of the right-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge is smaller than the helix angle of the left-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge.

[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the small helix angle of the right-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge effectively enhances the axial cutting force, ensures that the lower layer substrate is stably pulled up, reduces cutting vibration, and is more suitable for the lower layer substrate with higher density; the large helix angle of the left-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge effectively improves the chip removal efficiency, and the left-hand spiral edge is depressed to suppress the upper layer edge collapse, which is more suitable for the upper layer substrate.

[0017] Optionally, the land of the right-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge is 0.8mm, and the land of the left-hand spiral right-hand cutting edge is 0.7mm.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, since the right-hand right-cutting blade has drilling operation in addition to milling groove, and the right-hand right-cutting blade usually acts on the lower layer substrate with greater density, the right-hand right-cutting blade with wide blade band has greater bending stiffness, stronger performance of suppressing lower layer cutting vibration, and higher load of dispersing impact, thereby effectively reducing the risk of blade edge collapse, but the increase of blade width also causes the increase of chip curling radius, and the chips are more likely to enter the left-hand auxiliary groove in addition to entering the main chip removal groove, that is, the design of the left-hand auxiliary groove is more convenient for the discharge of the chips generated by the right-hand right-cutting blade, thereby greatly reducing the jamming phenomenon caused by the increase of blade width; the left-hand right-cutting blade with narrow blade band has smaller friction resistance and lower wear, thereby making the surface finish of the upper layer veneer higher, and the chip breaking efficiency is higher, which is more convenient for chip discharge.

[0019] Optionally, the first clearance angle of the outer circle of the right-hand right-cutting blade is 17°, and the second clearance angle of the outer circle is 35°.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, the smaller first clearance angle of the outer circle of the right-hand right-cutting blade improves the impact resistance of the blade edge and prolongs the tool life, and the small angle makes the relief surface closer to the workpiece to increase the contact area and disperse the pressure of the right-hand right-cutting blade acting on the lower layer substrate of the workpiece, thereby further avoiding the collapse of the lower layer substrate; the larger second clearance angle of the outer circle reduces the friction area between the right-hand right-cutting blade and the workpiece, thereby effectively reducing the cutting temperature, and increasing the space between the right-hand right-cutting blade and the workpiece, that is, equivalent to increasing the space of the right-hand auxiliary groove, thereby further improving the chip removal efficiency.

[0021] Optionally, a protrusion is integrally formed on the outer surface of the right-hand right-cutting blade near one end of the tool shank, the blade edge of the protrusion is collinear with the blade edge of the right-hand right-cutting blade, and the corner of the outer circle of the protrusion is smaller than the first clearance angle of the outer circle of the right-hand right-cutting blade.

[0022] By adopting the above technical scheme, since there are multiple rotational directions at the intersection of the right-hand right-cutting blade and the left-hand right-cutting blade, which easily causes additional vibration, the contact area between the protrusion with a smaller corner and the workpiece is larger, which forms a local support for the right-hand right-cutting blade to suppress cutting vibration, the blade edge of the protrusion is collinear with the blade edge of the right-hand right-cutting blade, which is convenient for the right-hand right-cutting blade to divide long chips into two segments during cutting or drilling to reduce the risk of long chip winding, and when cutting the double veneer, the hardness of the glue layer of the hardened double veneer is higher than that of the plate material (such as soft metal plates such as wood, plastic, and thin aluminum plates), and the strength of the protrusion with a small corner is higher, which is more suitable for high-hardness materials.

[0023] Optionally, the groove wall of the right-hand chip flute, the cutting surface of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge and the cutting surface of the left-hand right-hand cutting edge are coated with a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the base layer is a TiAlN layer with a thickness of 2 μm, and the surface layer is a TiSiN layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm; the groove walls of the main chip flute, the right-hand auxiliary flute, the left-hand auxiliary flute and the communication flute are coated with a transition layer and a functional layer, the transition layer is pure Ti with a thickness of 0.2 μm, and the functional layer is ta-C type DLC with a thickness of 1.5 μm.

[0024] By adopting the technical scheme, the TiAlN base layer resists abrasive wear of the hard base material, prolongs the edge life, the TiSiN surface layer refines the friction interface, reduces the friction coefficient with the workpiece, reduces the adhesion of the chip, and further prolongs the service life of the cutter; the functional layer makes the chip move smoothly in the groove wall due to the ultra-low friction coefficient, improves the chip removal efficiency, and the transition layer facilitates the coating of the functional layer, and at the same time relieves the residual stress of the functional layer to prevent the functional layer from cracking.

[0025] The application also provides a production process of the right-hand right-hand cutting-left-hand right-hand cutting composite milling cutter, including the following steps:

[0026] S1, forming the cutter head and the cutter handle: modulating the high-strength alloy steel cutter handle to make the tensile strength of the cutter handle ≥1000 MPa, and then welding the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter head and the cutter handle;

[0027] S2, processing and forming the cutter head: using a five-axis numerical control grinding machine to process the right-hand right-hand cutting edge, the left-hand right-hand cutting edge, the main chip flute, the communication flute and the right-hand chip flute, and synchronously forming the reinforcing plate when grinding the right-hand right-hand cutting edge and the left-hand right-hand cutting edge;

[0028] S3, coating the coating layer: the groove wall of the right-hand chip flute, the cutting surface of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge and the cutting surface of the left-hand right-hand cutting edge are first coated with a 2 μm TiAlN layer through magnetron sputtering deposition, and the process is ensured at a bias voltage of-50 V and a temperature of 450℃, and then a 0.5 μm thick TiSiN layer is sprayed through high-speed oxygen fuel; the groove walls of the main chip flute, the right-hand auxiliary flute, the left-hand auxiliary flute and the communication flute are first coated with a pure Ti layer through ion plating, and then a DLC layer is coated through PECVD process;

[0029] S4, precision detection: verifying the edge width and the spiral angle of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge and the left-hand right-hand cutting edge through laser scanning, and detecting the groove depth of the main chip flute, the right-hand auxiliary flute, the left-hand auxiliary flute and the communication flute through a three-coordinate measuring machine;

[0030] S5, dynamic balance test: G2.5 grade dynamic balance calibration is performed at 15000 rpm.

[0031] In summary, the application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. The right-hand right-cutting edge milled out chips are located in the right-hand chip flute and the communication flute, and have a tendency to enter the main chip flute, the left-hand right-cutting edge milled out chips are located in the main chip flute, the chips in the communication flute fly out at the junction of the communication flute merging into the main chip flute when colliding with the chips in the main chip flute, and a small part of the chips in the communication flute after collision enter the left-hand sub-flute and gradually fly out, a small part of the chips in the main chip flute collide with a small part of the chips milled out by the next right-hand right-cutting edge at the end of the main chip flute away from the tool holder, so that part of the chips enter the right-hand sub-flute and continue to be discharged downward, the right-hand sub-flute and the left-hand sub-flute increase the volume that can accommodate chips, and the right-hand sub-flute and the left-hand sub-flute further increase the discharge route of the chips, effectively reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming;

[0033] 2. The communication flute is higher than the main chip flute, so that when the communication flute and the main chip flute discharge chips, the chips in the main chip flute collide and extrude the chips in the communication flute, and most of the chips in the main chip flute are closer to the axis of the tool head than the chips in the communication flute, thereby causing the chips in the main chip flute to extrude most of the chips in the communication flute out of the main chip flute, and the remaining part enters the left-hand sub-flute, the depth of the right-hand chip flute is greater than that of the main chip flute, which also causes the chips milled out by the right-hand right-cutting edge to extrude a part of the chips in the main chip flute, so that a part of the chips in the main chip flute directly fly out, and the other part enters the right-hand sub-flute and is discharged, further reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming;

[0034] 3. The large flute depth of the main chip flute and the large flute width of 3.5 mm of the main chip flute plus the left-hand sub-flute effectively ensure the temporary storage space of the chips, reduce the phenomenon of chip jamming, and reduce the frequency of stopping to clean the chips, and the flute depth of 1 mm of the main chip flute ensures that the tool head has high strength under high chip discharge efficiency, and the synergistic effect is optimal only when the thickness of the tool head is 4 mm, the flute depth of the main chip flute is 1 mm, and the flute width of the main chip flute and the left-hand sub-flute is 3.5 mm;

[0035] 4. The intersection of the right-hand right-cutting edge and the left-hand right-cutting edge has multiple rotational directions, which easily causes additional vibration at the intersection, the contact area between the small outer corner protrusion and the workpiece is large, which forms a local support for the right-hand right-cutting edge and suppresses cutting vibration, the protrusion edge is collinear with the right-hand right-cutting edge, which facilitates the right-hand right-cutting edge to divide the long chip into two segments during the cutting or drilling process, reduces the risk of long chip winding, and when cutting the double veneer panel, the hardness of the glue layer of the hardened double veneer panel is higher than that of the panel, and the small clearance angle protrusion has higher strength, which is more suitable for high-hardness materials;

[0036] 5. The TiAlN base layer resists abrasive wear of the hard base material, prolongs the cutting edge life, the TiSiN surface layer refines the friction interface, reduces the friction coefficient with the workpiece, reduces the adhesion of the chips, and further prolongs the service life of the tool; the functional layer makes the chips move smoothly in the groove wall due to the ultra-low friction coefficient, improves the chip removal efficiency, the transition layer facilitates the coating of the functional layer, and at the same time relieves the residual stress of the functional layer, prevents the functional layer from cracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial front view structure of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application mainly used to show the right-hand right-cut blade, the protrusion, the main chip flute, the right-hand secondary flute and the communication flute;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the left view structure of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application.

[0042] Reference signs: 11, handle; 12, tool head; 21, right-hand right-cut blade; 211, protrusion; 22, left-hand right-cut blade; 31, main chip flute; 32, right-hand secondary flute; 33, left-hand secondary flute; 34, right-hand chip flute; 35, communication flute. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings Figures 1-5 The present application will be further described in detail.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The embodiment of the present application discloses a right-hand right-cut-left-hand right-cut composite milling cutter. Referring to Figure 1, the right-hand right-cut-left-hand right-cut combined milling cutter comprises a cutter shank 11 and a cutter head 12 welded on the cutter shank 11, a plurality of right-hand right-cut blades 21 are integrally formed on the end of the cutter head 12 away from the cutter shank 11, a plurality of left-hand right-cut blades 22 are integrally formed on the end of the cutter head 12 close to the cutter shank 11, there are three right-hand right-cut blades 21 and three left-hand right-cut blades 22 in the application, the right-hand right-cut blades 21 and the left-hand right-cut blades 22 are staggered with each other, and each left-hand right-cut blade 22 extends into between two adjacent right-hand right-cut blades 21; a main chip flute 31 is left between two adjacent left-hand right-cut blades 22, the peripheral wall of the cutter head 12 is the flute bottom wall of the main chip flute 31, a right-hand auxiliary flute 32 is left on the side of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 away from the blade part, a left-hand auxiliary flute 33 is left on the side of the left-hand right-cut blade 22 away from the blade part, the right-hand right-cut blade 21 is stepped at the right-hand auxiliary flute 32, and the left-hand right-cut blade 22 is stepped at the left-hand auxiliary flute 33, a right-hand chip flute 34 is left between two adjacent right-hand right-cut blades 21, a communication flute 35 is left between the blade part of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 and the end of the left-hand right-cut blade 22 away from the cutter shank 11, and the bottom walls of the main chip flute 31, the right-hand chip flute 34 and the communication flute 35 are smoothly connected.

[0046] During the milling groove operation, the chips milled by the right-hand right-cut blades 21 are located in the right-hand chip flutes 34 and the communication flutes 35 and have a tendency to enter the main chip flutes 31, the chips milled by the left-hand right-cut blades 22 are located in the main chip flutes 31, the chips in the communication flutes 35 fly out at the junction of the communication flutes 35 and the main chip flutes 31 when colliding with the chips in the main chip flutes 31, and a small part of the chips in the communication flutes 35 after collision enter the left-hand auxiliary flutes 33 and gradually fly out, and a small part of the chips in the main chip flutes 31 collide with a small part of the chips milled by the next right-hand right-cut blade 21 at the end of the main chip flutes 31 away from the cutter shank 11, so that part of the chips enter the right-hand auxiliary flutes 32 and continue to be discharged downward, the right-hand auxiliary flutes 32 and the left-hand auxiliary flutes 33 increase the volume that can accommodate the chips, and the right-hand auxiliary flutes 32 and the left-hand auxiliary flutes 33 further increase the discharge route of the chips, thereby effectively reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming.

[0047] And in the process of milling the double-faced panel, the right-hand right cutting edge 21 makes the lower part of the double-faced panel receive an upward cutting force, and the left-hand right cutting edge 22 makes the upper half of the double-faced panel receive a downward cutting force, so as to balance the overall stress of the double-faced panel, reduce processing vibration, improve cutting stability, and reduce the probability of separation at the junction of the double-faced panel and edge collapse of the sidewall of the double-faced panel. The stepped part of the right-hand right cutting edge 21 and the left-hand right cutting edge 22 can maximize the volume of the right-hand right-hand auxiliary groove 32 and the left-hand right-hand auxiliary groove 33 while ensuring the strength of the right-hand right cutting edge 21 and the left-hand right cutting edge 22, that is, the right-hand right cutting edge 21 and the left-hand right cutting edge 22 can maximize the chip removal efficiency within the qualified strength range. Each left-hand right cutting edge 22 extends into two adjacent right-hand right cutting edges 21, that is, the left-hand right cutting edge 22 and the right-hand right cutting edge 21 form axial overlap, the right-hand right cutting edge 21 and the left-hand right cutting edge 22 in the overlap area form a couple balance, reduce torque fluctuation, and the overlap area also makes the tool natural frequency deviate to the common cutting vibration frequency band, so as to suppress the vibration of the tool bit 12.

[0048] With reference to Figure 1 The bottom wall of the right-hand chip removal groove 34 and the bottom wall of the communication groove 35 are in a "person" shape, the distance between the bottom wall of the right-hand chip removal groove 34 and the axis of the tool bit 12 is less than the distance between the bottom wall of the main chip removal groove 31 and the axis of the tool bit 12, and the bottom wall of the communication groove 35 merges into the bottom wall of one end of the main chip removal groove 31 and protrudes from the bottom wall of the main chip removal groove 31.

[0049] The right-hand chip removal groove 34 and the communication groove 35 are in a "person" shape, that is, the farther the right-hand chip removal groove 34 is from the end of the tool shank 11, the greater the depth is, which is convenient for guiding the direction of the waste chip when the tool bit 12 drills a hole. At the same time, the right-hand chip removal groove 34 has a relatively deep depth and a relatively large volume, so that the tool bit 12 can guide the direction of the downward cutting chip in the main chip removal groove 31 and the upward cutting chip milled by the right-hand right cutting edge 21 when milling the groove. The communication groove 35 is higher than the main chip removal groove 31, so that when the communication groove 35 and the main chip removal groove 31 remove chips, the chips in the main chip removal groove 31 and the chips in the communication groove 35 collide and extrude, and most of the chips in the main chip removal groove 31 are closer to the axis of the tool bit 12 than the chips in the communication groove 35, so that the chips in the main chip removal groove 31 extrude most of the chips in the communication groove 35 out of the main chip removal groove 31, and the remaining part enters the left-hand auxiliary groove 33, further reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming.

[0050] With reference to Figures 2-5, the groove depth of the main chip flute 31 is 1mm, the groove width of the main chip flute 31 is 2.2mm, the groove width of the left-hand auxiliary flute 33 is 1.3mm, and the thickness of the tool head 12 is 4mm. The large groove depth of the main chip flute 31 and the large groove width of 3.5mm of the main chip flute 31 plus the left-hand auxiliary flute 33 effectively ensure the temporary storage space of the chip, reduce the chip jamming phenomenon, and reduce the frequency of stopping for chip removal. Moreover, the groove depth of 1mm of the main chip flute 31 ensures high strength of the tool head 12 at high chip removal efficiency. If the groove depth of the main chip flute 31 is 0.8mm, the chip capacity is insufficient, the frequency of stopping for chip removal increases by 50%, and the machining efficiency is low. If the groove depth of the main chip flute 31 is 1.2mm, the thickness of the tool head 12 is reduced, the rigidity of the tool head 12 is reduced by 20%, the machining precision of the workpiece is affected, and the service life of the tool head 12 is affected. The thickness of 4mm of the tool head 12 also has the same effect. That is, the thickness of the tool head 12 is too thick to affect the depth of the main chip flute 31, and the thickness of the tool head 12 is too thin to affect the rigidity of the tool head 12. The bending stiffness EI is proportional to h3. For example, the thickness of 4mm is 2.37 times the thickness of 3mm.

[0051] Only when the thickness of the tool head 12 is 4mm, the groove depth of the main chip flute 31 is 1mm, and the groove width of the main chip flute 31 and the left-hand auxiliary flute 33 is 3.5mm, the synergistic effect is optimal, the delamination rate of the upper veneer is as low as 3%, the edge collapse rate of the lower substrate is optimized to 5%, and the feed speed is increased from 800mm / min of the conventional bidirectional spiral milling cutter to 1500mm / min. That is, the chip removal efficiency, tool strength, and machining precision are balanced during the machining of the workpiece. When one of the index data changes, the strength and chip removal performance of the tool change exponentially.

[0052] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the helix angle of the right-hand right cutting edge 21 is smaller than the helix angle of the left-hand right cutting edge 22. The helix angle of the right-hand right cutting edge 21 is 20°, and the helix angle of the left-hand right cutting edge 22 is 30°. The small helix angle of the right-hand right cutting edge 21 effectively enhances the axial cutting force, ensures that the lower substrate is stably pulled up, reduces cutting vibration, and increases the axial force by about 15% for every 5° decrease in the helix angle. The right-hand right cutting edge 21 is more suitable for the lower substrate with high density. The large helix angle of the left-hand right cutting edge 22 has a high proportion of axial cutting force and small vibration. Moreover, the large helix angle effectively improves the chip removal efficiency, reduces the scratches on the surface of the workpiece, and suppresses the edge collapse of the upper veneer by using the downward pressure characteristic of the left-hand cutting edge. The left-hand right cutting edge 22 is more suitable for the upper veneer.

[0053] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 5, the blade band of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 is 0.8mm, and the blade band of the left-hand right-cut blade 22 is 0.7mm. Since the right-hand right-cut blade 21 has the drilling function in addition to the milling function, and the right-hand right-cut blade 21 usually acts on the lower layer substrate with higher density, the right-hand right-cut blade 21 with wider blade band has higher bending stiffness, stronger performance of suppressing the cutting vibration of the lower layer, and higher load of dispersing the impact, thereby effectively reducing the risk of the blade edge collapse. However, the increase of the blade band width also leads to the increase of the radius of the chip curl, and the chips are more likely to enter the left-hand auxiliary groove 33 in addition to entering the main chip groove 31, that is, the design of the left-hand auxiliary groove 33 is more conducive to the discharge of the chips generated by the right-hand right-cut blade 21, thereby greatly reducing the jamming phenomenon caused by the increase of the blade width; the left-hand right-cut blade 22 with narrower blade band has smaller friction resistance and lower wear, thereby making the surface smoothness of the upper layer veneer higher, and the chip breaking efficiency is higher, which is more conducive to the discharge of the chips.

[0054] Referring to Figure 4 , the first outer corner angle of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 is 17°, and the second outer corner angle is 35°. The smaller first outer corner angle of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 improves the impact resistance of the blade edge and prolongs the tool life, and the small angle makes the relief surface closer to the workpiece to increase the contact area and disperse the pressure of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 acting on the lower layer substrate of the workpiece, thereby further avoiding the collapse of the lower layer substrate. The larger second outer corner angle reduces the friction area between the right-hand right-cut blade 21 and the workpiece, thereby effectively reducing the cutting temperature, and increasing the space between the right-hand right-cut blade 21 and the workpiece, that is, equivalent to increasing the space of the right-hand auxiliary groove 32, thereby further improving the chip discharge efficiency.

[0055] Referring to Figure 3 , the right-hand right-cut blade 21 is integrally formed with a protrusion 211 on the outer surface near the end of the shank 11, the blade edge of the protrusion 211 is collinear with the blade edge of the right-hand right-cut blade, and the outer corner angle of the protrusion 211 is smaller than the first outer corner angle of the right-hand right-cut blade, the outer corner angle of the protrusion 211 is 3°-15°, which is determined according to the material of the workpiece in actual use. Since there are various rotational directions at the intersection of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 and the left-hand right-cut blade 22, which easily causes additional vibration, the contact area between the protrusion 211 with smaller outer corner angle and the workpiece is larger, which forms a local support for the right-hand right-cut blade to suppress the cutting vibration, and the blade edge of the protrusion 211 is collinear with the blade edge of the right-hand right-cut blade 21, which is convenient for the right-hand right-cut blade 21 to divide the long chip into two segments during the cutting or drilling process, thereby reducing the risk of long chip winding, and when cutting the double veneer, the hardness of the glue layer of the hardened double veneer is higher than that of the board material (such as soft metal plates such as wood, plastic, and thin aluminum plates), and the protrusion 211 with smaller corner angle has higher strength, which is more suitable for high-hardness materials.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 1, the groove wall of the right-hand chip flute 34, the cutting surface of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge 21, and the cutting surface of the left-hand right-hand cutting edge 22 are coated with a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the base layer is a TiAlN layer with a thickness of 2 μm, and the surface layer is a TiSiN layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm; the groove walls of the main chip flute 31, the right-hand secondary flute 32, the left-hand secondary flute 33, and the communication flute 35 are coated with a transition layer and a functional layer, wherein the transition layer is pure Ti with a thickness of 0.2 μm, and the functional layer is ta-C type DLC with a thickness of 1.5 μm.

[0057] The TiAlN base layer resists abrasive wear of the hard base material, provides base hardness, resists impact of the base material, prolongs the edge life, and the base layer has a temperature resistance of >800℃; the TiSiN surface layer refines the friction interface, reduces the friction coefficient with the workpiece, reduces the adhesion of the chips, and further prolongs the service life of the tool; the surface layer further increases the hardness to HV3800-4000, and when the thickness of the TiAlN layer is <1.5 μm, the hardness is insufficient, and when the thickness is >3 μm, the brittleness increases; the functional layer allows the chips to move smoothly in the groove wall due to the ultra-low friction coefficient, improves the chip removal efficiency, and makes the friction coefficient between the functional layer and the chips of most workpieces ≤0.1; compared with the uncoated layer, the adhesion of the built-up edge is reduced by 90%, and the demand for cutting fluid is greatly reduced; the transition layer facilitates the coating of the functional layer, and at the same time, relieves the residual stress of the functional layer, prevents the functional layer from cracking, and the thickness of the functional layer of 1.5 μm is the optimal solution for balancing wear resistance and adhesion; when the thickness of the functional layer is 1.0 μm, the service life is only 400 meters, and when the thickness of the functional layer is 2.0 μm, the coating is prone to peeling.

[0058] The implementation principle of the right-hand right-hand cutting-left-hand right-hand cutting composite milling cutter and the production process of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the chips milled by the right-hand right-hand cutting edge 21 are located in the right-hand chip flute 34 and the communication flute 35, and have a tendency to enter the main chip flute 31; the chips milled by the left-hand right-hand cutting edge 22 are located in the main chip flute 31; the communication flute 35 is higher than the main chip flute 31; when the chips in the communication flute 35 collide with the chips in the main chip flute 31, the chips in the main chip flute 31 collide with and are extruded by the chips in the communication flute 35, and most of the chips in the main chip flute 31 are closer to the axis of the tool head 12 than the chips in the communication flute 35, so that the chips in the main chip flute 31 extrude most of the chips in the communication flute 35 out of the main chip flute 31, and the remaining part of the chips in the communication flute 35 enters the left-hand secondary flute 33 and gradually flies out; at the same time, part of the chips generated by the left-hand right-hand cutting edge 22 also enter the left-hand secondary flute 33, and then gradually fly out or fly out after colliding with the chips in the left-hand secondary flute 33; the right-hand secondary flute 32 and the left-hand secondary flute 33 increase the volume that can accommodate the chips, and further increase the discharge route of the chips, effectively reducing the phenomenon of chip jamming.

[0059] In this process, the right-handed right cutting edge 21 causes the lower plate part of the double veneer panel to be subjected to an upward cutting force, and the left-handed right cutting edge 22 causes the upper half of the double veneer panel to be subjected to a downward cutting force, so as to balance the overall stress of the double veneer panel, reduce machining vibration, improve cutting stability, and reduce the probability of separation at the junction of the double veneer panel and edge collapse of the side wall of the double veneer panel;

[0060] In the drilling operation, the right-handed right cutting edge 21 usually acts on the lower layer substrate with greater density, and the right-handed right cutting edge 21 of the wide blade has greater bending stiffness, stronger performance of inhibiting lower layer cutting vibration, and higher load dispersion impact, thereby effectively reducing the risk of edge collapse;

[0061] And during the entire operation process, the TiAlN bottom layer resists the abrasive wear of the hard base material, provides substrate hardness, resists substrate impact, prolongs the life of the edge, the TiSiN surface layer further improves the hardness, refines the friction interface, reduces the friction coefficient with the workpiece, reduces the adhesion of the cutting chip, thereby prolonging the service life of the tool, the functional layer makes the cutting chip move smoothly in the groove wall due to the ultra-low friction coefficient, improves the chip removal efficiency, and the transition layer facilitates the coating of the functional layer, while relieving the residual stress of the functional layer and preventing the functional layer from cracking.

[0062] Embodiment two

[0063] The embodiment of the application discloses a production process of a right-handed right cutting-left-handed right cutting composite milling cutter, and refers to the drawings.

[0064] S1, forming the tool head 12 and the tool handle 11: modulating the high-strength alloy steel tool handle 11 to make the tensile strength of the tool handle 11 greater than or equal to 1000 MPa, then welding the powder metallurgy high-speed steel tool head 12 and the tool handle 11 through high-frequency induction brazing, and slowly cooling to eliminate residual stress after welding;

[0065] S2, processing and forming the tool head 12: using a five-axis numerical control grinding machine to process the right-handed right cutting edge 21, the left-handed right cutting edge 22, the main chip removal groove 31, the communication groove 35 and the right-handed chip removal groove 34, and synchronously forming the reinforcing plate when grinding the right-handed right cutting edge 21 and the left-handed right cutting edge 22;

[0066] S3, coating a coating: the groove wall of the right-handed chip removal groove 34, the cutting surface of the right-handed right cutting edge 21 and the cutting surface of the left-handed right cutting edge 22 are all first coated with a 2-micron TiAlN layer through magnetron sputtering deposition, and the process is ensured to have a bias voltage of-50 V and a temperature of 450 DEG C, and then a 0.5-micron TiSiN layer is sprayed through high-speed oxygen fuel spraying; the groove walls of the main chip removal groove 31, the right-handed auxiliary groove 32, the left-handed auxiliary groove 33 and the communication groove 35 are all first coated with a pure Ti layer through ion plating, and then a DLC layer is coated through a PECVD process;

[0067] S4, precision detection: the width of the blade and the helix angle of the right-hand right-cut blade 21 and the left-hand right-cut blade 22 are verified by laser scanning, and the groove depth of the main chip flute 31, the right-hand secondary flute 32, the left-hand secondary flute 33 and the communication groove 35 is detected by a three-coordinate measuring machine;

[0068] S5, dynamic balance test: G2.5 grade dynamic balance calibration is carried out at 15000 rpm, and the residual unbalance amount is <0.5 g·mm / kg.

[0069] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, so: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A right-handed right-cutting and left-handed right-cutting composite milling cutter, comprising a shank (11) and a cutter head (12), characterized in that: The blade (12) has a plurality of right-handed right-handed cutting blades (21) at the end away from the handle (11), and a plurality of left-handed right-handed cutting blades (22) at the end of the blade (12) close to the handle (11). The right-handed right-handed cutting blades (21) and the left-handed right-handed cutting blades (22) are arranged alternately, and each left-handed right-handed cutting blade (22) extends into the space between two adjacent right-handed right-handed cutting blades (21). A main chip removal groove (31) is provided between two adjacent left-hand right-hand cutting edges (22), a right-hand secondary groove (32) is provided on the side of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge (21) away from its cutting edge, a left-hand secondary groove (33) is provided on the side of the left-hand right-hand cutting edge (22) away from its cutting edge, a right-hand chip removal groove (34) is provided between two adjacent right-hand right-hand cutting edges (21), a connecting groove (35) is provided between the cutting edge of the right-hand right-hand cutting edge (21) and the end of the left-hand right-hand cutting edge (22) away from the handle (11), and the bottom walls of the main chip removal groove (31), the right-hand chip removal groove (34) and the connecting groove (35) are smoothly connected; The bottom wall of the right-hand chip removal groove (34) and the bottom wall of the connecting groove (35) are in a "V" shape. The distance between the bottom wall of the right-hand chip removal groove (34) and the axis of the cutter head (12) is less than the distance between the bottom wall of the main chip removal groove (31) and the axis of the cutter head (12). The bottom wall of the connecting groove (35) that merges into the main chip removal groove (31) protrudes from the bottom wall of the main chip removal groove (31).

2. The right-hand rotary right-cutting / left-hand rotary right-cutting composite end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main chip removal groove (31) has a groove depth of 1 mm and a groove width of 2.2 mm, the left-hand auxiliary groove (33) has a groove width of 1.3 mm, and the cutter head (12) has a thickness of 4 mm.

3. The right-hand rotary right-cutting and left-hand rotary right-cutting composite end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helix angle of the right-handed right-handed cutting edge (21) is smaller than the helix angle of the left-handed right-handed cutting edge (22).

4. A right-handed right-cutting and left-handed right-cutting composite milling cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting edge of the right-handed right-handed cutting edge (21) is 0.8 mm, and the cutting edge of the left-handed right-handed cutting edge (22) is 0.7 mm.

5. A right-hand rotary right-cutting / left-hand rotary right-cutting composite milling cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer circle of the right-handed right-handed cutting edge (21) has a first rear angle of 17° and a second rear angle of 35°.

6. A right-hand rotary right-cutting / left-hand rotary right-cutting composite milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right-hand cutting edge (21) has a protrusion (211) integrally formed on the outer circular surface near the end of the handle (11). The cutting edge of the protrusion (211) is collinear with the cutting edge of the right-hand cutting edge (21), and the outer radius of the protrusion (211) is smaller than the first rear angle of the outer circle of the right-hand cutting edge (21).

7. A right-hand rotary right-cutting / left-hand rotary right-cutting composite end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove wall of the right-handed chip removal groove (34), the cut surface of the right-handed right cutting edge (21) and the cut surface of the left-handed right cutting edge (22) are all coated with a bottom layer and a top layer, wherein the bottom layer is a TiAlN layer with a thickness of 2μm and the top layer is a TiSiN layer with a thickness of 0.5μm. The walls of the main chip removal groove (31), the right-handed secondary groove (32), the left-handed secondary groove (33), and the connecting groove (35) are all coated with a transition layer and a functional layer. The transition layer is 0.2 μm thick pure Ti, and the functional layer is 1.5 μm thick ta-C type DLC.

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