Light-wire-powder coaxial hybrid welding device and method based on assistance of annular adjustable magnetic field

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on assistance of an annular adjustable magnetic field. The device comprises a vacuum system, an electron beam emission system, an electron beam deflection system, an annular adjustable magnetic field generation device, a coaxial wire feeding device, a coaxial powder feeding device and an arc welding power source system. According to the device, an annular electron beam is generated by an electron beam emission system, and focusing of the annular electron beam on the surface of a workpiece is achieved through a series of processes of electric field acceleration, annular electric field focusing lens focusing, electrostatic diverging lens diverging, deflection coil straightening, electrostatic focusing lens focusing and the like. The adjustable annular magnetic field compresses the arc to concentrate the arc so as to guide electron beam focusing, and arc energy is concentrated to stabilize electron beam conveying. Under the assistance of a magnetic field, an electron beam and an electric arc act together to uniformly melt a wire and powder, so that multi-element coupling of addition of different materials and energy superposition is realized, heat input can be accurately adjusted, a heat affected zone is reduced, and a high-quality welding joint and a high-quality cladding layer are further realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and more particularly to an optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by an adjustable circular magnetic field. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing process belongs to one of the methods of material forming and connection, and is a technology for manufacturing three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Different from traditional subtractive manufacturing (such as milling, cutting, drilling, etc.), additive manufacturing stacks materials layer by layer under computer control according to a digital model until the final shape is formed.

[0003] Among the currently available metal additive manufacturing processes, there are laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, and laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing; in laser and electron beam additive manufacturing, metal powder or metal wire is melted along a specified path and combined with the base material to form a molten pool, which then solidifies to form a solid object row by row and layer by layer. There have been many studies on laser-arc coaxial hybrid additive manufacturing, while for electron beam-arc hybrid, side-axis wire feeding and side-axis arc are often used for combination, and there are few examples of electron beam-arc coaxial hybrid.

[0004] Electron Beam-Arc Hybrid Additive Manufacturing is a new additive manufacturing technology that combines electron beam welding technology (EBW) with arc welding technology (usually MIG welding or TIG welding) for the layer-by-layer manufacturing of three-dimensional objects. By combining these two technologies, EB-AM can utilize the high-energy-density heat source provided by the electron beam and the stable molten pool control provided by the arc to achieve more efficient and precise metal additive manufacturing.

[0005] The electron beam-arc hybrid additive manufacturing technology combines the advantages of the electron beam and the arc, and can play an important role in improving material deposition efficiency, welding quality, and control accuracy. The introduction of this hybrid technology can not only expand the material adaptability and application fields of additive manufacturing, but also improve the manufacturing efficiency of large-size and complex components, and is particularly suitable for industries such as aerospace, energy, and automotive that require high strength, high precision, and high reliability.

[0006] Adjustable Circular Magnetic Field is a magnetic field that can adjust the magnetic field strength and direction within a certain area, and it is usually generated by an electric current in a circular coil. Adjustable Circular Magnetic Field is widely used in physical experiments, material research, medical equipment (such as MRI), electromagnetic control, and many other application fields. Its main feature is that the magnetic field can be adjusted within a certain range to meet the needs of different experiments or applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Objective of the present invention: The present invention adopts coaxial combination of electron beam and arc, improves the traditional way of electron beam propagation along a straight line direction. By using the annular electron beam generated by an annular filament, the problem of damage to the equipment caused by the central electron beam is reduced. And by introducing an electrostatic divergence lens to diverge the electron beam, the welding wire and powder can be coaxially combined with the electron beam; the process of compressing the arc by the annular magnetic field makes the arc more concentrated and stable, can guide the focusing of the electron beam, and improves the focusing effect of the electron beam. At the same time, due to the increase in the energy density of the arc, the heat transfer of the electron beam is more efficient, the temperature control of the welding area is more precise, the energy loss and trajectory fluctuation of the electron beam are reduced, and the stability and precision of electron beam welding are improved. During the coaxial combination of the electron beam and the arc, the compression effect of the annular magnetic field provides a more stable and concentrated heat source, which helps the efficient melting and uniform fusion of the welding wire and powder. And through coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding, not only can the welding wire and powder be melted precisely and uniformly, make them better combined with the base material and form a dense alloy coating, but also alloying elements can be introduced to improve the metallurgical properties of the joint and enhance the wear resistance and toughness of the joint. Generally speaking, the coaxial optimization of the electron beam and the arc assisted by the annular magnetic field optimizes the melting process of the welding wire and powder, and can significantly improve the quality and performance of the welding and the cladding layer.

[0008] The technical solution is as follows:

[0009] The described optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on an annular adjustable magnetic field assistance is characterized in that it includes a vacuum system, an electron beam emission system, an electron beam deflection system, an annular adjustable magnetic field generating device, a coaxial wire feeding device, a coaxial powder feeding device, and an arc welding power supply system;

[0010] The described vacuum system includes a mechanical pump, a vacuum gauge, valves, a leak valve, a gas cylinder, a gas valve, and a chamber; the mechanical pump is installed on the left side of the chamber and is used to extract the gas in the chamber to improve the vacuum degree; the leak valve cooperates with the gas cylinder for automatic pressure regulation and safety protection; the vacuum gauge is used to detect the pressure and vacuum degree in the chamber; the gas valve is used to control the air flow and adjust the internal pressure of the system;

[0011] The described electron beam emission system includes an annular filament, an anode, and a cathode; the annular filament is heated by the cathode to release electrons; the cathode is supplied with a low voltage; the anode is supplied with a high voltage, and a high-voltage electric field is formed between the anode and the cathode to accelerate the generated electrons;

[0012] The electron beam deflection system includes an annular electric field focusing lens, an electrostatic diverging lens, a deflection coil, and an electrostatic focusing lens. The annular electric field focusing lens is used to focus the high-energy electron beam generated by the electron beam emission system. The electrostatic diverging lens consists of two coaxial cylinders with unequal potentials, and the electrostatic field direction points from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, which is used to diverge the annular electron beam. The deflection coil is used to straighten the movement trajectory of the electron beam. The electrostatic focusing lens is used to focus the electron beam on the workpiece surface to form a ring or a focus.

[0013] The annular adjustable magnetic field generating device includes a DC power supply, an annular coil, and a current controller. The DC power supply is used to generate an annular current in the coil. The current controller is used to adjust the magnitude of the current, thereby adjusting the intensity of the annular magnetic field. The annular coil is used to generate an axially constrained magnetic field to compress the arc.

[0014] The coaxial wire feeding device includes a wire feeding reel, a straightening device, a wire feeding tube, and a welding wire. The welding wire is transmitted through the wire feeding reel, straightened by the straightening device, and then the welding wire passes through the inside of the welding torch and is connected to the wire feeding tube.

[0015] The coaxial powder feeding device includes a powder storage hopper, a powder feeding tube, and an outer ring nozzle. The powder storage hopper is used to store the powder material for feeding and maintain its stability during transportation. The powder feeding tube is used to transmit the powder, and a certain number of powder outlet holes are designed at the end of the powder feeding branch tube to evenly disperse and transport the powder to the welding center. The outer ring nozzle wraps the powder and the wire feeding tube, making the powder fall more concentratedly at the center position of the workpiece.

[0016] The arc welding power supply system includes an arc welding power supply, a welding torch, a contact tip, a three-axis moving platform, and a driving motor. The arc welding power supply is connected to the welding torch and the three-axis moving platform and is used to generate current. The welding torch is mainly used to transmit current and feed the wire. The contact tip is mainly used for conducting electricity and guiding the arc. The three-axis moving platform is used to place the workpiece to be welded and transmit current, so that the welding wire and the workpiece form a loop, and the workpiece is driven by the driving motor to move along the XYZ three planes on the three-axis moving platform.

[0017] When the device works, first pre-fill the wire and powder. Feed the end of the wire to a certain distance above the additive manufacturing platform, install the workpiece on the three-axis moving platform, and adjust the position of the workpiece so that the center of the welding wire falls on the welding position of the workpiece. Exhaust the air in the chamber through the vacuum system, observe the chamber pressure through the vacuum gauge, and start the welding experiment when the specified vacuum degree is reached. After setting the parameters of the electron beam emission system, the arc welding power supply parameters, and the annular adjustable magnetic field current parameters, turn on the arc welding power supply, the electron beam emission system, and the annular magnetic field power supply, and at the same time feed the wire and powder. The workpiece moves along the three axes under the driving device with the three-axis moving platform to complete the welding process of the specified path.

[0018] A kind of optical-filament-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron beam emission system uses a ring-shaped filament, and the ring-shaped filament generates a ring-shaped electron beam by heating the ring-shaped filament through the cathode. The ring-shaped electron beam is accelerated by the acceleration electric field between the cathode and the anode, and then is focused by the ring-shaped electric field focusing lens to make the ring-shaped beam current more concentrated;

[0019] A kind of optical-filament-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron beam deflection system includes an electrostatic divergence lens, a deflection coil, and an electrostatic focusing lens; the electrostatic divergence lens diverges the ring-shaped electron beam generated by the electron emission system, and makes the movement trajectory of the electron beam change from a certain angle to vertically downward through the deflection coil. Subsequently, the electrostatic focusing lens focuses the electron beam into a ring-shaped beam spot or an electron beam focus on the workpiece surface;

[0020] A kind of optical-filament-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device includes a DC power supply, a ring-shaped coil, and a current controller; the DC power supply generates a ring-shaped current in the coil, and the current magnitude is adjusted through the current controller, thereby adjusting the intensity of the ring-shaped magnetic field. The ring-shaped magnetic field can realize the magneto-compression of the arc in the radial direction;

[0021] A kind of optical-filament-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field, characterized by including the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Determine the welding path, install the workpiece on the three-axis moving platform, adjust the position of the workpiece so that the center of the welding wire is aligned with the starting welding position of the workpiece;

[0023] Step 2: Fill the wire and powder, and feed the end of the wire to a certain distance above the additive platform;

[0024] Step 3: Turn on the mechanical pump to evacuate the chamber, observe the reading of the vacuum gauge, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa, turn off the mechanical pump and the valve;

[0025] Step 4: Determine the wire feeding speed, powder feeding speed, workpiece moving speed, arc welding current magnitude, ring-shaped electron beam emission intensity, and ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field DC current magnitude according to experimental experience and simulation;

[0026] Step 5: Start the arc welding power source, electron beam emission device, and annular adjustable magnetic field power source. The driving motor drives the workpiece to move along the specified path. The electron beam and the arc are combined to melt and weld the welding wire and the workpiece until the cladding and additive manufacturing process are completed along the specified path.

[0027] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention adopts the electron beam and arc wire powder coaxial composite additive manufacturing technology. Combining the high energy density of the electron beam and the stable molten pool control of the arc can significantly improve the welding efficiency and quality. It reduces the heat affected zone, material deformation, and stress by precisely controlling the heat input, and improves the strength and density of the welded joint. By applying an annular adjustable magnetic field to radially compress the arc, the stability of the arc, molten pool flow, and heat input distribution are precisely controlled, thereby improving the welding quality. The process of compressing the arc by the annular magnetic field makes the arc more concentrated and stable, and then guides the focusing of the electron beam, improving the focusing effect of the electron beam. At the same time, the energy density of the arc increases, making the heat transfer of the electron beam more efficient, the temperature control of the welding area more precise, reducing the energy loss and trajectory fluctuation of the electron beam, and enhancing the stability and accuracy of electron beam welding. Based on the coaxial combination of the electron beam and the arc, the coaxial combination of wire powder is also adopted, breaking the previous way of the side-axis combination of the electron beam and wire powder, and making the heating more uniform and concentrated. The electron beam, arc, and wire powder interact with each other to achieve welded joints and cladding layers with good mechanical properties. At the same time, the alloying elements introduced by the wire powder can play a good metallurgical role. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of an optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the electron beam emission system device of an optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the annular adjustable magnetic field generating device of an optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a top view of the annular coil and a schematic diagram of the powder outlet hole of the powder feeding tube of an optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field;

[0033] Among them,

[0034] 1 - Vacuum system; 2 - Electron beam emission system; 3 - Electron beam deflection system; 4 - Ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device; 5 - Coaxial wire feeding device; 6 - Coaxial powder feeding device; 7 - Arc welding power supply system; 8 - Workpiece; 9 - Ring-shaped electron beam;

[0035] 101 - Mechanical pump; 102 - Valve; 103 - Vacuum gauge; 104 - Leak valve; 105 - Gas cylinder; 106 - Gas valve; 107 - Chamber;

[0036] 201 - Ring-shaped filament; 202 - Anode; 203 - Cathode;

[0037] 301 - Ring-shaped electric field focusing lens; 302 - Electrostatic diverging lens; 303 - Deflection coil; 304 - Electrostatic focusing lens;

[0038] 401 - DC power supply; 402 - Ring-shaped coil; 403 - Current controller;

[0039] 501 - Wire feeding spool; 502 - Straightening device; 503 - Wire feeding tube; 504 - Welding wire;

[0040] 601 - Powder storage hopper; 602 - Powder feeding tube; 603 - Outer ring nozzle;

[0041] 701 - Arc welding power supply; 702 - Welding torch; 703 - Contact tip; 704 - Three-axis moving platform; 705 - Driving motor; Detailed implementation manners

[0042] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the achieved technical effects clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0044] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation manners.

[0045] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown in the figure, an optical-filament-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field, characterized in that it includes a vacuum system 1, an electron beam emission system 2, an electron beam deflection system 3, a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device 4, a coaxial wire feeding device 5, a coaxial powder feeding device 6, an arc welding power supply system 7, a workpiece 8, and a ring-shaped electron beam 9;

[0046] The vacuum system 1 includes a mechanical pump 101, a vacuum gauge 103, a valve 102, a leak valve 104, a gas cylinder 105, a gas valve 106, and a chamber 107; the mechanical pump 101 is installed on the left side of the chamber 107 for pumping the gas in the chamber 107 to improve the vacuum degree; the leak valve 104 cooperates with the gas cylinder 105 for automatic pressure regulation and safety protection; the vacuum gauge 103 is used to detect the pressure and vacuum degree in the chamber 107; the gas valve 106 is used to control the air flow and adjust the internal pressure of the system;

[0047] The electron beam emission system 2 includes a ring-shaped filament 201, an anode 202, and a cathode 203; the ring-shaped filament 201 is heated by the cathode 202 to release electrons; the cathode 202 has a low voltage; the anode 203 has a high voltage, and a high-voltage electric field is formed between the anode 203 and the cathode 202 for accelerating the generated electrons;

[0048] The electron beam deflection system 3 includes a ring-shaped electric field focusing lens 301, an electrostatic divergence lens 302, a deflection coil 303, and an electrostatic focusing lens 304; the ring-shaped electric field focusing lens 301 is used to focus the high-energy electron beam generated by the electron beam emission system 2; the electrostatic divergence lens 302 is composed of two coaxial cylinders with unequal potentials, and the electrostatic field direction is from the positive pole to the negative pole for diverging the ring-shaped electron beam; the deflection coil 303 is used to straighten the movement trajectory of the electron beam; the electrostatic focusing lens 304 is used to focus the electron beam on the surface of the workpiece to form a ring or a focus;

[0049] The ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device 4 includes a DC power supply 401, a ring-shaped coil 402, and a current controller 403; the DC power supply 401 is used to generate a ring-shaped current in the coil; the current controller 403 is used to adjust the magnitude of the current, thereby adjusting the intensity of the ring-shaped magnetic field; the ring-shaped coil 402 is used to generate an axially constrained magnetic field to compress the arc;

[0050] The coaxial wire feeding device 5 includes a wire feeding reel 501, a straightening device 502, a wire feeding tube 503, and a welding wire 504; the welding wire 504 is transmitted through the wire feeding reel 501, straightened by the straightening device 502, and then the welding wire 504 passes through the inside of the welding torch and is connected to the wire feeding tube 503;

[0051] The coaxial powder feeding device 6 includes a powder storage hopper 601, a powder feeding pipe 602, and an outer ring nozzle 603; the powder storage hopper 601 is used to store the powder material for feeding and maintain its stability during transportation; the powder feeding pipe 602 is used to transport the powder, and a certain number of powder outlet holes are designed at the end of the powder feeding branch pipe 602 to uniformly disperse and transport the powder to the welding center; the outer ring nozzle 603 wraps the powder and the wire feeding pipe, so that the powder falls more concentratedly at the center position of the workpiece;

[0052] The arc welding power supply system 7 includes an arc welding power supply 701, a welding torch 702, a contact tip 703, a three-axis moving platform 704, and a driving motor 705; the arc welding power supply 701 is connected to the welding torch 702 and the three-axis moving platform 704 to generate current; the welding torch 702 is mainly used to transfer current and feed wire; the contact tip 703 is mainly used for conducting electricity and guiding the arc; the three-axis moving platform 704 is used to place the workpiece to be welded and transfer current, so that the welding wire and the workpiece form a loop, and the driving motor 705 drives the workpiece to move along the three XYZ planes on the three-axis moving platform 704;

[0053] When the device works, first pre-fill the wire and powder, send the end of the wire to a certain distance above the additive platform, install the workpiece on the three-axis moving platform, adjust the position of the workpiece so that the center of the welding wire falls on the welding position of the workpiece; evacuate the air in the chamber through the vacuum system, observe the chamber pressure through the vacuum gauge, and start the welding experiment when the specified vacuum degree is reached; after setting the parameters of the electron beam emission system, the arc welding power supply parameters, and the current parameters of the annular adjustable magnetic field, turn on the arc welding power supply, the electron beam emission system, and the annular magnetic field power supply, and at the same time feed wire and powder, and the workpiece moves along the three axes under the driving device on the three-axis moving platform to complete the welding process of the specified path.

[0054] According to a light-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron beam emission system uses an annular filament, and the annular filament generates an annular electron beam by heating the annular filament through the cathode. The annular electron beam is accelerated by the acceleration electric field between the cathode and the anode, and then is focused by the annular electric field focusing lens to make the annular beam current more concentrated;

[0055] According to a light-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by an annular adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electron beam deflection system includes an electrostatic divergence lens, a deflection coil, and an electrostatic focusing lens; the electrostatic divergence lens diverges the annular electron beam generated by the electron emission system, and the deflection coil is used to change the movement trajectory of the electron beam from a certain angle to vertically downward, and then the electrostatic focusing lens focuses the electron beam into an annular beam spot or an electron beam focus on the surface of the workpiece;

[0056] A kind of optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device includes a DC power supply, a ring-shaped coil, and a current controller; the DC power supply generates a ring-shaped current in the coil, and the current magnitude is adjusted through the current controller, thereby adjusting the intensity of the ring-shaped magnetic field, and the ring-shaped magnetic field can realize the magneto-compression of the arc in the radial direction;

[0057] A kind of optical-wire-powder coaxial composite welding device and method assisted by a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field, characterized by including the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Determine the welding path, install the workpiece on the three-axis moving platform, adjust the position of the workpiece so that the center of the welding wire is aligned with the starting welding position of the workpiece;

[0059] Step 2: Fill the wire and powder, and feed the end of the wire to a certain distance above the additive manufacturing platform;

[0060] Step 3: Turn on the mechanical pump to evacuate the chamber, observe the reading of the vacuum gauge, and when the vacuum degree reaches 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa, turn off the mechanical pump and the valve;

[0061] Step 4: Determine the wire feeding speed, powder feeding speed, workpiece moving speed, arc welding current magnitude, ring-shaped electron beam emission intensity, and ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field DC current magnitude according to experimental experience and simulation;

[0062] Step 5: Start the arc welding power supply, electron beam emission device, and ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field power supply, drive the motor to drive the workpiece to move along the specified path, and the electron beam and the arc are combined to melt and weld the wire and the workpiece until the cladding and additive manufacturing processes are completed along the specified path.

[0063] The following further illustrates the present invention through a specific embodiment.

[0064] Use the above device to prepare a titanium alloy bracket with dimensions of 50mm×50mm×10mm, and use Ti-6A1-4V alloy for additive manufacturing.

[0065] The substrate used is an H13 tool steel plate with dimensions of 100mm*100mm*8mm. The composition of the titanium alloy wire is 90.6% Ti, 6.1% Al, 3.2% V, and other elements ≤0.1%. The diameter of the solid metal wire is 2mm, and the powder fed is 50-100μm, and the chemical composition is the same as that of the substrate.

[0066] First, the CAD model of the titanium alloy bracket is cut into multiple layers, with each layer having a thickness of 2 mm. According to the melting point of the titanium alloy wire being 1650 °C, the preheating temperature of the substrate is determined to be 400 °C respectively.

[0067] Further, according to the generated printing trajectory, the three-axis moving platform is moved to make the printing starting point move to (25, 25, 0) in the X-Y plane; the electron beam power is 1500 W, the electron beam deflection speed is 0.5 - 1.5 m / min, the diameter of the annular electron beam is 3 mm, and the electron beam current density is 20 A / mm 2 The arc welding power supply voltage is 20 V, the current is 180 A, and the arc length is 3 mm; the wire feeding speed is 3 g / min, and the powder supply speed is 10 g / min; the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 10 L / min.

[0068] Further, the wire and the powder funnel are prepared, the mechanical pump is turned on to evacuate the chamber, and the reading of the vacuum gauge is observed. When the vacuum degree reaches 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa, the mechanical pump and the valve are closed;

[0069] Further, each system is started, and electron beam-arc hybrid additive manufacturing of the unit is carried out according to the generated printing trajectory and parameters. When the additive manufacturing of one layer is completed, the three-axis moving device is lifted by 0.25 mm along the Z-axis and the next unit deposition is carried out along the established trajectory until the additive manufacturing of the titanium alloy bracket is completed.

[0070] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light-silk-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on an annular adjustable magnetic field, characterized in that: It includes a vacuum system, an electron beam emission system, an electron beam deflection system, a ring-shaped adjustable magnetic field generating device, a coaxial wire feeding device, a coaxial powder feeding device, and an arc welding power supply system; The vacuum system includes a mechanical pump, a vacuum gauge, a valve, a leakage valve, a gas cylinder, a gas valve, and a chamber; the mechanical pump is installed on the left side of the chamber to extract the gas in the chamber to improve the vacuum degree; the leakage valve cooperates with the gas cylinder to function as automatic pressure regulation and safety protection; the vacuum gauge is used to detect the pressure and vacuum degree in the chamber; the gas valve is used to control the gas flow and regulate the internal pressure of the system; The electron beam emission system comprises an annular filament, an anode and a cathode; the annular filament is heated by the cathode to release electrons; the cathode has a low voltage; the anode has a high voltage and forms a high voltage electric field with the cathode to accelerate the generated electrons; The electron beam deflection system comprises a toroidal electric field focusing lens, an electrostatic divergence lens, a deflection coil, and an electrostatic focusing lens; The annular electric field focusing lens is used to focus the high-energy electron beam generated by the electron beam emission system; the electrostatic divergence lens is composed of two coaxial cylinders with unequal potentials, and the direction of the electrostatic field is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and is used to diverge the annular electron beam; the deflection coil is used to straighten the motion trajectory of the electron beam; the electrostatic focusing lens is used to focus the electron beam on the surface of the workpiece to form a ring or a focus; The annular adjustable magnetic field generating device comprises a DC power supply, an annular coil, and a current controller; the DC power supply is used to generate an annular current in the coil; the current controller is used to adjust the magnitude of the current, thereby adjusting the strength of the annular magnetic field; the annular coil is used to generate an axially constrained magnetic field to compress the arc; The coaxial wire feeding device comprises a wire feeding reel, a straightening device, a wire feeding tube, and a welding wire; the welding wire is transmitted through the wire feeding reel, straightened by the straightening device, and then the welding wire passes through the inside of the welding gun and is connected to the wire feeding tube; The coaxial powder feeding device includes a powder storage hopper, a powder feeding pipe, and an outer ring nozzle; the powder storage hopper is used to store the powder material to be fed and maintain its stability during transportation; the powder feeding pipe is used to transmit powder, and a certain number of powder outlet holes are designed at the end of the feeding pipe to evenly and disperse the powder to the welding center; the outer ring nozzle wraps the powder and the wire feeding pipe inside, so that the powder falls more concentratedly at the center of the workpiece; The arc welding power supply system includes an arc welding power supply, a welding gun, a conductive nozzle, a three-axis mobile platform, and a driving motor; the arc welding power supply is connected to the welding gun and the three-axis mobile platform to generate current; the welding gun is mainly used to transmit current and feed wire; the conductive nozzle is mainly used to conduct electricity and guide the arc; the three-axis mobile platform is used to place the welded workpiece and transmit current, so that the welding wire and the workpiece form a loop, and the drive motor drives the workpiece to move along the XYZ three planes on the three-axis mobile platform; When the device is working, firstly, the wire and powder are pre-filled, the end of the wire is fed to a distance above the additive platform, the workpiece is mounted on the three-axis mobile platform, and the position of the workpiece is adjusted so that the center of the welding wire falls on the welding position of the workpiece; the air in the chamber is exhausted by the vacuum system, and the chamber pressure is observed by the vacuum gauge, and the welding experiment is started when the specified vacuum degree is reached; after setting the parameters of the electron beam emission system, the arc welding power supply parameters and the annular adjustable magnetic field current parameters, the arc welding power supply, the electron beam emission system and the annular magnetic field power supply are turned on, and the wire and powder are fed at the same time, and the workpiece moves along the three axes under the driving device with the three-axis mobile platform to complete the welding process of the specified path.

2. According to claim 1, a light-silk-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on annular adjustable magnetic field assistance is characterized in that: The electron beam emission system adopts an annular filament, which is heated by the cathode so that the annular filament generates an annular electron beam, which is accelerated by the accelerating electric field between the cathode and the anode, and then converged by the annular electric field focusing lens to make the annular beam more concentrated.

3. The light-silk-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on annular adjustable magnetic field assistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electron beam deflection system includes an electrostatic divergence lens, a deflection coil, and an electrostatic focusing lens; the electrostatic divergence lens diverges the annular electron beam generated by the electron emission system, and changes the electron beam motion trajectory from a certain angle to vertically downward through the deflection coil, and then the electrostatic focusing lens focuses the electron beam on the workpiece surface into an annular beam spot or electron beam focus.

4. The light-silk-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on annular adjustable magnetic field assistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The annular adjustable magnetic field generating device includes a DC power supply, an annular coil, and a current controller; the DC power supply generates an annular current in the coil, and the current controller adjusts the current size, thereby adjusting the strength of the annular magnetic field. The annular magnetic field can achieve radial magnetocompression of the arc.

5. A light-silk-powder coaxial composite welding device and method based on an annular adjustable magnetic field, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the welding path, install the workpiece on the three-axis mobile platform, and adjust the position of the workpiece so that the center of the welding wire is aligned with the welding starting position of the workpiece; Step 2: After filling the filament and powder, feed the end of the filament a distance above the additive platform; Step 3: Turn on the mechanical pump to evacuate the chamber and observe the reading on the vacuum gauge. When the vacuum reaches 10 -3 -10 -6 Pa, close the mechanical pump and valve; Step 4: Determine the wire feeding speed, powder feeding speed, workpiece moving speed, arc welding current, annular electron beam emission intensity and annular adjustable magnetic field DC current based on experimental experience and simulation; Step 5: Start the arc welding power supply, electron beam emission device and annular adjustable magnetic field power supply, drive the motor to drive the workpiece to move along the specified path, and the electron beam and arc are combined to melt and weld the welding wire and the workpiece until the cladding and additive process is completed along the specified path.

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