Multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device and use and polishing area prediction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device and use and polishing area prediction methods thereof, and the polishing area prediction method comprises the following steps: deducing the relationship between the electric field intensity and the position of the polishing device, calculating the relationship between the viscosity of a polishing solution generating an electrorheological effect and the electric field intensity and the concentration of solid-phase particles of the polishing solution, and calculating the polishing area of the polishing solution. And analyzing the stress condition of the abrasive particles in the formed chain structure, and predicting a polishing area in which the material can be removed. The invention discloses a multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device and a using and polishing area prediction method thereof. The multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device has the advantages that the electric field intensity is good, the shear yield resistance is higher, the strength of a flexible polishing head is improved, electric field lines are closely distributed, a large number of abrasive particles are attached to make contact with the surface of a workpiece, the polishing efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of polishing, and particularly relates to a multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device, its use method, and a polishing area prediction method. Background Art

[0002] Electrorheological polishing belongs to ultra-precision machining technology and is a non-contact polishing based on the electrorheological effect. The electrorheological polishing fluid is composed of a liquid with good insulation performance (such as dimethyl silicone oil), dispersed phase particles with good dielectric properties (such as starch), and abrasive particles with high hardness (such as diamond). With the action of a high-voltage electric field, the electrorheological polishing fluid undergoes an electrorheological effect, the viscosity of the polishing fluid rapidly increases, generating an anti-shear yield ability, forming a flexible polishing head. The dispersed phase particles in the polishing head are arranged orderly along the electric field lines, and the abrasive particles are bound between the dispersed phase particles. With the rotation of the flexible polishing head, the abrasive particles remove materials from the surface of the workpiece.

[0003] In the currently existing electrorheological polishing devices, the tool electrode is mostly a double-layer structure composed of an annular electrode and a central electrode. The electric field strength generated by the double-layer electrode structure is limited, the strength of the generated flexible polishing head is not high, the polishing effect is poor, the actual effective polishing area is small, and the polishing efficiency is low. In addition, the existing electrorheological polishing tools mostly polish in a fixed-point and straight-line manner, and cannot meet the polishing requirements of complex components according to specific trajectories. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device, its use method, and a polishing area prediction method, which have good electric field strength, stronger anti-shear yield ability, improve the strength of the flexible polishing head, have a dense distribution of electric field lines, bring a large number of abrasive grains into contact with the workpiece surface, improve the polishing efficiency, and reduce the production cost.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes, comprising: a polishing tool acting on the electrorheological polishing fluid, and the polishing tool includes: a support fixing plate, on one side of the support fixing plate, a motor is provided, on the other side of the support fixing plate, one end of a sleeve is fixedly installed, the other end of the sleeve is provided with a lower end cover, and a conductive slip ring is provided on the lower end cover; The motor is rotationally connected to one end of a tool shaft, and the other end of the tool shaft passes through the sleeve and the conductive slip ring and is connected to an electrode fixing sleeve; The electrode fixing sleeve is provided with a needle-shaped electrode and an annular electrode, and the needle-shaped electrode and the annular electrode are connected to a power supply through the conductive slip ring.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tool shaft is rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve through a bearing group, and the sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the tool shaft; the bearing group includes an angular contact bearing and a deep groove ball bearing embedded in the sleeve, and the angular contact bearing and the deep groove ball bearing are sleeved on the tool shaft at intervals.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an installation cavity for passing through the tool shaft is reserved inside the sleeve, and an adapter ring platform is arranged in the installation cavity; A first installation area for accommodating the coupling is reserved between the adapter ring platform and the support fixing plate. One end of the coupling is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor, and the other end of the coupling is connected to one end of the tool shaft; A second installation area for embedding the angular contact bearing and the deep groove ball bearing is reserved between the adapter ring platform and the lower end cover.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first step and a second step are arranged on the tool shaft; one side of the angular contact bearing abuts against the second step, one side of the deep groove ball bearing abuts against the first step, and the other side of the deep groove ball bearing abuts against one side of the adapter ring platform; The inner wall and the outer wall of the deep groove ball bearing are respectively in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the tool shaft.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a snap ring is installed on the tool shaft; a pair of angular contact bearings are installed on the tool shaft; both sides of the angular contact bearing are respectively in contact with the second step and the snap ring.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrode fixing sleeve is threadedly connected to the tool shaft; and / or, the gap between the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer annular electrode is 1 mm; and / or, the tool shaft is in interference fit with the inner ring of the conductive slip ring; and / or, the power supply used is a high-voltage DC power supply; and / or, one end of the needle-shaped electrode and the annular electrode is connected to the electrode fixing sleeve; the other end of the needle-shaped electrode and the annular electrode is immersed in the electrorheological polishing fluid and is close to the workpiece in the electrorheological polishing fluid.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer annular electrode are connected to each other with one layer in between; The outermost layer of the multi-layer annular electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through a conductive slip ring, and the innermost layer of the needle-shaped electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply through a conductive slip ring; The adjacent needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes have different polarities.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for using an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layered electrodes is implemented using an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layered electrodes. The polishing method includes the following steps: Step S1: Select a polishing path according to the shape of the workpiece to be polished. Step S2: Position the workpiece to be polished in the processing tank through a fixture, inject an electrorheological polishing fluid into the processing tank, and submerge the workpiece to be polished with the electrorheological polishing fluid. Step S3: Adjust the position of the polishing tool in the Z direction so that the lower end faces of the needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes are close to the upper end face of the workpiece, and the lower end faces of the needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes are submerged in the electrorheological polishing fluid. Step S4: Turn on the power supply for the needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes. An electric field is generated between the needle-shaped electrodes and between adjacent layers of the multi-layered ring electrodes. The electrorheological polishing fluid mixed with dispersed phase particles and abrasive particles at the lower ends of the needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes undergoes an electrorheological effect and becomes a sticky solid-like substance, forming a flexible polishing head. Step S5: Start the motor of the polishing tool. The motor drives the needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes to rotate. Adjust the rotation speed of the motor to 1000 - 2500 r / min, and at the same time, make the polishing tool perform polishing according to the set polishing path. Step S6: After polishing is completed, turn off the power supply and the motor, stop the movement, and take out the polished workpiece.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for predicting the polishing area of an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layered electrodes is implemented using an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layered electrodes. The method for predicting the polishing area includes the following steps: Predict the polishing area capable of material removal based on the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device, the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid generating the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid, and the force condition of abrasive particles in the chain-like structure.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition of the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device includes: According to the physical model of the electrode, use Coulomb's law to calculate the electric field strength at one location, and then use the continuous charge distribution integration method to obtain the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device. The acquisition of the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid generating the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid includes: According to the viscosity of the base liquid in the polishing liquid and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles, the initial viscosity without applying an electric field is obtained; analyze the increased viscosity of the polishing liquid after applying the electric field, add the initial viscosity and the increased viscosity to obtain the apparent viscosity of the polishing liquid under the action of the electric field, and obtain the relationship between the apparent viscosity and the electric field strength and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the polishing liquid, then obtain the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing liquid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing liquid; Obtaining the force condition of the abrasive particles in the chain-like structure includes: According to the dipole model, in the electrorheological fluid, the dielectric particles are polarized under the action of an external electric field to form an electric dipole moment. The polarized dielectric particles are arranged in a chain-like distribution structure along the electric field direction due to dipole interaction. Analyze the general force condition of the abrasive particles in the chain-like distribution structure to obtain the force condition of the abrasive particles in the chain-like structure; Obtaining the predicted polishing area that can cause material removal includes: According to the material removal theory, plastic deformation should occur on the workpiece surface in the polishing area where material removal occurs. To ensure this, the force on the abrasive particles in the polishing area should exceed the anti-shear force of the workpiece. Analyze the relationship between the force on the abrasive particles and their position to obtain the maximum action area where material removal occurs; According to Newton's laws of motion, under the rotation of the tool head, the abrasive particles need to overcome the centrifugal force to produce an effect. Obtain the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force; Compare the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force with the maximum action area for material removal. The theoretical polishing area is the intersection of the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force and the maximum action area for material removal.

[0015] The present invention solves the defects existing in the technical background. The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: An electrorheological polishing device and polishing method with a multi-layer electrode use a multi-layer electrode structure. The multi-layer electrode has good electric field strength and stronger anti-shear yield ability, which improves the strength of the flexible polishing head. The multi-layer electrode structure makes the electric field line distribution dense, with a large number of abrasive grains in contact with the workpiece surface, improving the polishing efficiency and reducing the production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the polishing tool of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the polishing tool according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of B in; Figure 6 Diagram of the flexible polishing head formed at different voltage values in the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Simplified schematic diagram of the electrode of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the indentation of abrasive particles on the workpiece; Figure 9 Flowchart of the method for predicting the polishing area.

[0018] In the figure, 1 - polishing tool, 2 - power supply, 3 - fixture, 4 - workpiece, 5 - processing groove, 6 - electrorheological polishing fluid, 7 - support fixing plate, 8 - sleeve, 9 - lower end cover, 10 - tool shaft, 11 - conductive slip ring, 12 - motor, 13 - coupling, 14 - circlip, 15 - angular contact bearing, 16 - deep groove ball bearing, 17 - electrode fixing sleeve, 18 - needle-shaped electrode, 19 - annular electrode, 20 - first step, 21 - second step, 22 - screw, 23 - first screw, 24 - second screw, 25 - fifth screw, 26 - sixth screw, 27 - third screw, 28 - fourth screw, 29 - flexible polishing head, 30 - dispersed phase particles, 31 - abrasive particles, 32 - connecting ring platform. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0019] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, bottom, top, etc.) involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If this specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. Example 1

[0021] As Figures 1-6 shown, an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes, in which the polishing tool 1 includes: a support fixed plate 7, a motor 12 is arranged on one side of the support fixed plate 7, the other side of the support fixed plate 7 is fixedly installed with one end of a sleeve 8, the other end of the sleeve 8 is provided with a lower end cover 9, and a conductive slip ring 11 is arranged on the lower end cover 9.

[0022] Specifically, an installation cavity for passing through a tool shaft 10 is reserved in the sleeve 8, and an adapter ring platform 32 is arranged in the installation cavity; an installation area one for accommodating a coupling 13 is reserved between the adapter ring platform 32 and the support fixed plate 7; wherein, one end of the coupling 13 is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 12, and the other end of the coupling 13 is connected to one end of the tool shaft 10; the motor 12 is rotationally connected to one end of the tool shaft 10 through the coupling 13, and the other end of the tool shaft 10 passes through the sleeve 8 and the conductive slip ring 11 and is then connected to an electrode fixing sleeve 17. The motor 12 is installed on the support fixed plate 7, the motor 12 shaft is connected to the upper end of the tool shaft 10 through the coupling 13, and the used coupling 13 is a flexible coupling, and the flexible coupling can better absorb vibration and impact, making the entire transmission system stable and reliable.

[0023] Specifically, an installation area two for embedding a bearing group is reserved between the adapter ring platform 32 and the lower end cover 9. The tool shaft 10 is rotationally connected in the sleeve 8 through the bearing group, and the sleeve 8 is coaxially sleeved outside the tool shaft 10. The bearing group includes an angular contact bearing 15 and a deep groove ball bearing 16 embedded in the sleeve 8, and the angular contact bearing 15 and the deep groove ball bearing 16 are sleeved on the tool shaft 10 at intervals.

[0024] Further, a first step 20 and a second step 21 are arranged on the tool shaft 10; one side of the angular contact bearing 15 abuts against the second step 21, one side of the deep groove ball bearing 16 abuts against the first step 20, and the other side of the deep groove ball bearing 16 abuts against one side of the adapter ring platform 32. The inner wall and the outer wall of the deep groove ball bearing 16 are respectively abutted against the inner wall of the sleeve 8 and the outer wall of the tool shaft 10. The verticality of the tool shaft 10 is improved through the deep groove ball bearing 16, and the two shaft ends of the deep groove ball bearing 16 are respectively abutted against the sleeve 8 and the first step 20. A snap ring 14 is installed on the tool shaft 10; a pair of angular contact bearings 15 are installed on the tool shaft 10; both sides of the angular contact bearing 15 are respectively abutted against the second step 21 and the snap ring 14. The upper end of the angular contact bearing 15 is positioned by the second step 21, and the lower end of the angular contact bearing 15 is positioned by the snap ring 14, and the verticality of the tool shaft 10 is further improved through the angular contact bearing 15.

[0025] Specifically, the electrode fixing sleeve 17 is threadedly connected to the tool shaft 10. A needle electrode 18 and a ring electrode 19 are provided on the electrode fixing sleeve 17. The needle electrode 18 and the ring electrode 19 are connected to the power supply 2 through a conductive slip ring 11. One end of the needle electrode 18 and the ring electrode 19 is connected to the electrode fixing sleeve 17; the other ends of the needle electrode 18 and the ring electrode 19 are immersed in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6 and are close to the workpiece 4 in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6. More specifically, the power supply 2 is a high-voltage DC power supply. The needle electrode 18 is connected to every other layer of the multi-layer ring electrodes 19; the outermost layer of the multi-layer ring electrodes 19 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply 2 through the conductive slip ring 11, and the innermost layer of the needle electrode 18 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply 2 through the conductive slip ring 11; the adjacent needle electrode 18 and the multi-layer ring electrodes 19 have different polarities. The gap between the adjacent needle electrode 18 and the multi-layer ring electrodes 19 is 1 mm. Embodiment 2

[0026] As Figures 1-6 shown, an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes, wherein the polishing tool 1 includes: a support fixing plate 7, a motor 12 is provided on one side of the support fixing plate 7, and the other side of the support fixing plate 7 is fixedly installed with one end of a sleeve 8. In this embodiment, the support fixing plate 7 and the sleeve 8 are threadedly connected by a third screw 27 and a fourth screw 28. The other end of the sleeve 8 is provided with a lower end cover 9, and a conductive slip ring 11 is provided on the lower end cover 9. In this embodiment, the lower end cover 9 and the sleeve 8 are threadedly connected by a fifth screw 25 and a sixth screw 26. The outer ring of the conductive slip ring 11 is threadedly connected to the lower end cover 9 by a first screw 23 and a second screw 24.

[0027] Specifically, an installation cavity for passing through the tool shaft 10 is reserved in the sleeve 8, and an adapter ring platform 32 is arranged in the installation cavity; an installation area one for accommodating the coupling 13 is reserved between the adapter ring platform 32 and the support fixing plate 7; wherein, one end of the coupling 13 is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 12, and the other end of the coupling 13 is connected to one end of the tool shaft 10; the motor 12 is rotationally connected to one end of the tool shaft 10 through the coupling 13. In this embodiment, the motor 12 is installed on the support fixing plate 7, the motor 12 shaft is connected to the upper end of the tool shaft 10 through the coupling 13, and the used coupling 13 is a flexible coupling, which can better absorb vibration and shock and make the entire transmission system stable and reliable. The other end of the tool shaft 10 passes through the sleeve 8 and the conductive slip ring 11 and is then connected to the electrode fixing sleeve 17. In this embodiment, the electrode fixing sleeve 17 is detachably connected to the tool shaft 10, so as to realize the replacement of multi-layer electrodes of different sizes, which is convenient for adapting to different processing requirements and has a wide application range. Specifically, a screw 22 is fixed to the upper end of the electrode fixing sleeve 17, and the screw 22 is threadedly connected to the tool shaft 10.

[0028] Specifically, a second installation area for embedding a bearing set is reserved between the connecting ring platform 32 and the lower end cover 9. The tool shaft 10 is rotatably connected to the sleeve 8 through the bearing set, and the sleeve 8 is coaxially sleeved outside the tool shaft 10. The bearing set includes an angular contact bearing 15 and a deep groove ball bearing 16 embedded in the sleeve 8, and the angular contact bearing 15 and the deep groove ball bearing 16 are sleeved on the tool shaft 10 at intervals.

[0029] Further, a first step 20 and a second step 21 are provided on the tool shaft 10; one side of the angular contact bearing 15 abuts against the second step 21, and one side of the deep groove ball bearing 16 abuts against the first step 20. Among them, the other side of the deep groove ball bearing 16 abuts against one side of the connecting ring platform 32. The inner wall and the outer wall of the deep groove ball bearing 16 are respectively abutted against the inner wall of the sleeve 8 and the outer wall of the tool shaft 10. In this embodiment, the verticality of the tool shaft 10 is improved by the deep groove ball bearing 16, and the two shaft ends of the deep groove ball bearing 16 are respectively abutted against the sleeve 8 and the first step 20. Among them, a snap ring 14 is installed on the tool shaft 10; a pair of angular contact bearings 15 are installed on the tool shaft 10; both sides of the angular contact bearing 15 are respectively abutted against the second step 21 and the snap ring 14. In this embodiment, the upper end of the angular contact bearing 15 is positioned by the second step 21, and the lower end of the angular contact bearing 15 is positioned by the snap ring 14, and the verticality of the tool shaft 10 is further improved by the angular contact bearing 15.

[0030] Specifically, the electrode fixing sleeve 17 is threadedly connected to the tool shaft 10. A needle-shaped electrode 18 and a ring-shaped electrode 19 are provided on the electrode fixing sleeve 17, and the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the ring-shaped electrode 19 are connected to the power supply 2 through a conductive slip ring 11. One ends of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the ring-shaped electrode 19 are connected to the electrode fixing sleeve 17; the other ends of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the ring-shaped electrode 19 are immersed in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6 and are close to the workpiece 4 in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6. More specifically. The power supply 2 is a high-voltage DC power supply. The needle-shaped electrode 18 is connected to the multi-layer ring-shaped electrodes 19 at intervals of one layer. The positive electrodes of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layer ring-shaped electrodes 19 are connected to each other, and the negative electrodes are connected to each other; the outermost layer of the multi-layer ring-shaped electrodes 19 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 2 through the conductive slip ring 11, and the innermost layer of the needle-shaped electrode 18 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply 2 through the conductive slip ring 11; the adjacent needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layer ring-shaped electrodes 19 have different polarities.

[0031] In this embodiment, the gap between the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 is 1 mm. High-voltage insulating glue is injected inside each layer of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 to prevent electric discharge and sparking between the inner and outer sides of adjacent electrodes. The material of the electrode fixing sleeve 17 is bakelite, which has good insulation. The material of the tool shaft 10 is martensitic stainless steel, and the materials of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are copper. The fixed support plate 7, the sleeve 8, and the lower end cover 9 are all made of nylon to further improve the overall insulation of the device. Embodiment III

[0032] As Figures 1-6 shown, based on any one of Embodiment I or Embodiment II, A method for using an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes includes the following steps: Step S1, select a polishing path according to the shape of the workpiece 4 to be polished.

[0033] Step S2, position the workpiece 4 to be polished in the processing groove 5 through the fixture 3, inject electrorheological polishing fluid 6 into the processing groove 5 so that the electrorheological polishing fluid 6 submerges the workpiece 4 to be polished; Step S3, adjust the Z-direction position of the polishing tool 1 so that the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are close to the upper end surface of the workpiece 4, and the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are submerged in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6. Specifically, the distance between the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 and the upper end surface of the workpiece 4 is 0.25 - 0.75 mm.

[0034] Step S4, turn on the power supply 2 that supplies power to the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19. An electric field is generated between adjacent layers of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19. The electrorheological polishing fluid 6 mixed with dispersed phase particles 30 and abrasive particles 31 at the lower ends of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 undergoes an electrorheological effect and becomes a sticky solid-like substance, forming a flexible polishing head 29. Specifically, the voltage range for the power supply 2 to supply power to the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 is 1000 - 3000 V.

[0035] Step S5, start the motor 12 of the polishing tool 1. The motor 12 drives the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 to rotate. Adjust the rotation speed of the motor 12 to 1000 - 2500 r / min, and at the same time make the polishing tool 1 polish according to the set polishing path.

[0036] Step S6, after polishing is completed, turn off the power supply 2 and the motor 12, stop the movement, and take out the polished workpiece 4. Embodiment IV

[0037] AsFigures 1-6 As shown, based on any one of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, A polishing method for an electrorheological polishing device with a multi-layer electrode, comprising the following steps: Step S1, select a polishing path according to the shape of the workpiece 4 to be polished.

[0038] Step S2, position the workpiece 4 to be polished in the processing tank 5 through the fixture 3, inject the electrorheological polishing fluid 6 into the processing tank 5, so that the electrorheological polishing fluid 6 submerges the workpiece 4 to be polished; Step S3, adjust the Z-direction position of the polishing tool 1 so that the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are close to the upper end surface of the workpiece 4, and the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are submerged in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6. Specifically, the distance between the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 and the upper end surface of the workpiece 4 is 0.25 - 0.75 mm. Further, in this embodiment, adjust the position of the polishing tool 1 so that there is a certain gap between the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 and the workpiece 4, and the lower ends of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 are immersed in the electrorheological polishing fluid 6. As a preferred solution, place the fixture 3 in the processing tank 5 to fix the workpiece 4 to be polished. The gap between the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 and the workpiece 4 is 0.25 - 0.75 mm, generating a relatively high electric field strength, thereby ensuring a better polishing effect. As a preferred solution, adjust the position of the polishing tool 1 to keep the gap distance between the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 and the workpiece 4 at 0.5 mm.

[0039] Step S4, turn on the power supply 2 that supplies power to the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19. Specifically, the voltage range of the power supply 2 for supplying power to the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 is 1000 - 3000 V. Further, in this embodiment, turn on the power supply 2 and adjust the voltage to 1000 - 3000 V. A high-voltage electric field is generated between the adjacent layers of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19. The electrorheological polishing fluid 6 mixed with the dispersed phase particles 30 and abrasive particles 31 at the lower ends of the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 will undergo an electrorheological effect and become a sticky solid-like substance, forming a flexible polishing head 29. As a preferred solution, adjust the voltage to 3000 V.

[0040] Step S5: Start the motor 12 of the polishing tool 1. The motor 12 drives the needle-shaped electrode 18 and the multi-layered ring-shaped electrode 19 to rotate. Adjust the rotational speed of the motor 12 to 1000 - 2500 r / min, and at the same time, make the polishing tool 1 perform polishing according to the set polishing path. Further, in this embodiment, adjust the rotational speed of the polishing tool 1 to 1000 - 2500 r / min, and at the same time, make the polishing tool 1 move along the set polishing path, driving the abrasive particles 31 in the flexible polishing head 29 to remove material from the surface of the workpiece 4, achieving ultra-precision flexible polishing. As a preferred solution, adjust the rotational speed of the polishing tool 1 to 1500 r / min.

[0041] Step S6: After polishing, turn off the power supply 2 and the motor 12, stop the movement, and take out the polished workpiece 4. Embodiment Five

[0042] As Figures 1-6 shown, on the basis of Embodiment Four, in Step S5, a polishing area prediction method for an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes is adopted, which is realized by an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes. The polishing area prediction method includes the following steps: Predict the polishing area that can cause material removal based on the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device, the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid, and the force condition of the abrasive particles 31 in the chain-like structure.

[0043] Specifically, the acquisition of the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device includes: According to the physical model of the electrode, use Coulomb's law to calculate the electric field strength at one location, and then use the continuous charge distribution integration method to obtain the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device; Specifically, the acquisition of the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid includes: According to the viscosity of the base fluid in the polishing fluid and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles, calculate the initial viscosity without applying an electric field; analyze the increased viscosity of the polishing fluid after applying the electric field, add the initial viscosity and the increased viscosity to obtain the apparent viscosity of the polishing fluid under the action of the electric field, and obtain the relationship between the apparent viscosity, the electric field strength, and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid, then obtain the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid; Specifically, the acquisition of the force condition of the abrasive particles 31 in the chain-like structure includes: According to the dipole model, in the electrorheological fluid, dielectric particles are polarized under the action of an external electric field to form an electric dipole moment. The polarized dielectric particles are arranged in a chain-like distribution structure along the electric field direction due to dipole-dipole interaction. Analyze the general force situation of the abrasive particles 31 in the chain-like distribution structure to obtain the force situation of the abrasive particles 31 in the formed chain-like structure. More specifically, the acquisition of the predicted polishing area that can cause material removal includes: According to the material removal theory, plastic deformation should occur on the workpiece surface in the polishing area where material removal occurs. To ensure this, the force on the abrasive particles 31 in the polishing area must exceed the anti-shearing force of the workpiece 4. Analyze the relationship between the force on the abrasive particles 31 and their position to obtain the maximum action area where material removal occurs. According to Newton's laws of motion, under the rotation of the tool head, the abrasive particles 31 need to overcome the centrifugal force to produce an effect. Obtain the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force. Compare the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force with the maximum action area for material removal. The theoretically predicted polishing area is the intersection of the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force and the maximum action area for material removal. Example Six

[0044] As Figures 1-6 shown, on the basis of Example Four, in step S5, a polishing area prediction method for an electrorheological polishing device with multiple-layer electrodes is adopted, which is realized by an electrorheological polishing device with multiple-layer electrodes. The polishing area prediction method includes the following steps: Predict the polishing area that can cause material removal according to the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device, the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect and the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid, as well as the force situation of the abrasive particles 31 in the formed chain-like structure.

[0045] Specifically, the acquisition of the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device includes: According to the physical model of the electrode, use Coulomb's law to calculate the electric field strength at one location, and then use the continuous charge distribution integration method to obtain the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device.

[0046] The electrode consists of a needle-shaped electrode 18 and a ring-shaped electrode 19. The electrode model is as Figure 7 shown. The center of the upper end face of the electrode is the origin O of the coordinate system, and O 1 is the center of the lower end face of the electrode. The X-axis coincides with the center line of the electrode. The distance L between O and O 1 is the length of the integrated electrode. Let point P be an arbitrary point in the coordinate system, and its coordinates are ( , , ), the electric field strength at point P is equal to the sum of the electric field strengths of the central electrode and the annular electrode at that point. First, calculate the electric field strength of the needle-shaped electrode 18: First, find the electric field strength at a certain point P at the central electrode. Take the differential on the X-axis, and let its coordinates be ( , 0, 0), which is obtained through Coulomb's law. Since the electric field is a vector, the electric field strengths in the X, Y, and Z directions need to be calculated separately: ; Among them, is the permittivity of free space, is the electric charge, is the linear density, is the distance from point P to another reference point O on the X-axis 1 , which can be obtained from the following formula: ; , , are the numerical values of the coordinates of point P in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively, is the distance between the upper and lower end faces of the electrode, and x is the numerical value of the microelement in the X direction; Integrate to find the component of the electric field strength at point P in the X direction: X ; Similarly, find the components of the electric field strength at point P in the Y and Z directions: ; ; Calculate the electric field strength of the annular electrode 19. The annular electrode 19 is composed of three annular electrodes. Take a surface differential element ds, and its end face coordinates are (x, y, z), and the distance to point P is r 1 , which can be obtained from the following formula: ; Use the continuous charge distribution integration method to obtain the electric field strengths in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively as follows: ; ; ; Among them, , , are the linear densities of the first annular electrode, the second annular electrode, and the third annular electrode respectively, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are the radii of the first annular electrode, the second annular electrode, and the third annular electrode respectively; is the differential angle.

[0047] Since the central electrode is the negative electrode, the second annular electrode is the negative electrode, and the first and third annular electrodes are both positive electrodes; the algorithm for superimposing and obtaining the total electric field strength: Electric field strength in the X direction: ; Electric field strength in the Y direction: ; Electric field strength in the Z direction: ; Total electric field strength: .

[0048] Specifically, obtaining the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid includes: Based on the viscosity of the base fluid in the polishing fluid and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles, calculate the initial viscosity without applying an electric field; analyze the increased viscosity of the polishing fluid after applying the electric field, add the initial viscosity and the increased viscosity to obtain the apparent viscosity of the polishing fluid under the action of the electric field, and obtain the relationship between the apparent viscosity, the electric field strength, and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid, then obtain the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing fluid that generates the electrorheological effect, the electric field strength, and the concentration of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid.

[0049] Based on the viscosity of the base fluid in the polishing fluid and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles, the initial viscosity without applying an electric field can be calculated: The initial viscosity of the polishing fluid can be expressed by the following equation: ; Wherein, viscosity coefficient, is the viscosity of the base fluid, is the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the suspension, is the maximum volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the suspension.

[0050] The increased value of the apparent viscosity of the electrorheological fluid after applying the electric field: ; Wherein, is the apparent viscosity coefficient, is the total electric field strength, is the shear rate of the polishing fluid.

[0051] The apparent concentration of the polishing fluid can be expressed as the sum of the initial viscosity and the increased viscosity after adding the electric field , and obtain the relationship between the apparent viscosity, the electric field strength, and the volume fraction of the solid-phase particles in the polishing fluid: .

[0052] Specifically, obtaining the force condition of abrasive particles 31 in the chain structure includes: According to the dipole model, in the electrorheological fluid, dielectric particles are polarized under the action of an external electric field to form an electric dipole moment. The polarized dielectric particles are arranged in a chain-like distribution structure along the electric field direction due to dipole interaction. Analyze the general force condition of abrasive particles 31 in the chain-like distribution structure to obtain the force condition of abrasive particles 31 in the formed chain structure.

[0053] According to the dipole model, in the electrorheological fluid, dielectric particles are polarized under the action of an external electric field to form an electric dipole moment. The polarized particles are arranged in a chain-like distribution along the electric field direction due to dipole interaction. Analyze the interaction forces of abrasive particles 31 in the chain-like distribution from other particles, and the force received by the th abrasive particle 31 can be divided into three parts: the force of ER particles on the th abrasive particle; the force of abrasive particles 31 on the same layer on the th abrasive particle; the force of abrasive particles 31 on the same chain on the th abrasive particle.

[0054] The algorithm for the force of ER particles on the th abrasive particle includes: ; Among them, is the relative dielectric constant of the base fluid, is the electric dipole moment of the th abrasive particle, is the electric dipole moment of the jth abrasive particle, is the radius of the ER particle, is the radius of the abrasive particle, is the gap distance between two adjacent ER particles.

[0055] Electric dipole moment calculation formula: ; Among them, is the relative dielectric constant of the dispersed phase, is the relative dielectric constant of the base fluid, is the distance between two particles.

[0056] The algorithm for the force of abrasive particles 31 on the same layer on the th abrasive particle: ; Among them, m is the number of abrasive particles included in one layer, and k represents the kth abrasive particle in the mth layer; is the electric dipole moment of the th abrasive particle, is the electric dipole moment of the k-th abrasive grain on the same layer.

[0057] The algorithm for the force exerted by the abrasive grains 31 on the same chain on the -th abrasive grain: ; where n is the number of layers contained in a chain, represents the -th layer in n layers, is the -th abrasive grain on the same chain; is the -th abrasive grain's electric dipole moment.

[0058] Then the force acting on a single abrasive grain 31 can be expressed as the sum of the three, in general form: .

[0059] More specifically, the acquisition of the polishing area predicted to enable material removal includes: According to the material removal theory, for plastic deformation to occur on the workpiece surface in the polishing area where material removal takes place, it is necessary to ensure that the force on the abrasive grains 31 in the polishing area exceeds the anti-shear force of the workpiece 4. By analyzing the relationship between the force on the abrasive grains 31 and their positions, the maximum acting area for material removal is obtained.

[0060] According to the material removal theory, plastic deformation must occur on the workpiece surface in the polishing area where material removal takes place, that is, it is necessary to ensure that the force on the abrasive grains 31 in the polishing area exceeds the anti-shear force of the workpiece 4. The polarization, chaining, and formation of a certain stable structure of particles cause the electrorheological fluid to exhibit a shear yield stress, and these phenomena are all caused by an externally applied electric field. Therefore, the electric field strength has a great influence on the yield stress. The calculation formula for the yield stress of the electrorheological fluid is: ; where, is the volume fraction of solid-phase particles in the suspension, is the vacuum permittivity, is the relative dielectric constant of the base fluid, is the maximum tilt angle at which the formed particle chain breaks, is the correction coefficient, is the dielectric mismatch coefficient ( ), is the relative dielectric constant of the dispersed phase.

[0061] Only when the cutting depth reaches a certain value and plastic deformation occurs on the workpiece surface to produce indentations under the action of the abrasive, can material removal occur on the workpiece surface material. Figure 8In the polishing fluid, abrasive grains 31 come into contact with the workpiece surface under the action of a normal pressure to produce indentations, and the abrasive grains 31 move along the workpiece surface under the action of a shear force . When the shear force of the polishing fluid acting on the abrasive grains 31 is greater than the anti-shear force of the workpiece surface, the workpiece surface material will be removed.

[0062] Algorithm for the Brinell hardness of the material: ; wherein, is the diameter of the abrasive grains, is the diameter of the indentation projection area, is the normal pressure on the abrasive.

[0063] From Figure 8 the contact relationship between the abrasive grains 31 and the workpiece 4, the formula for the projected area of the abrasive grains 31 on the working surface is: ; The normal pressure on the abrasive grains 31 is mainly the hydrodynamic pressure, and the algorithm is: ; wherein, is the angular velocity of the tool head's self-rotation, is the height of the polishing gap, is the total electric field strength.

[0064] When the prepared polishing fluid is fixed, the coefficients , are also constants, expressed as: ; ; wherein, is the viscosity coefficient, is the viscosity of the base fluid, is the volume fraction of solid-phase particles in the suspension, is the maximum volume fraction of solid-phase particles in the suspension, is the radius of the central electrode, is the radius of the outermost ring electrode.

[0065] The algorithm for the shear force of the polishing fluid acting on the abrasive grains 31 is: ; wherein, is the projected area of the abrasive grains on the workpiece surface, is the projected area of the abrasive grains in the indentation area on the workpiece surface, is the shear yield stress of the polishing liquid; After an indentation is generated between the abrasive grains 31 and the workpiece surface, the workpiece 4 will exert a reaction force on the abrasive grains 31. The algorithm for the anti-shearing force on the workpiece surface is: ; where is the anti-shearing strength of the workpiece surface.

[0066] The algorithm for the shearing force exerted when the abrasive grains 31 are pressed into the workpiece surface is: ; Judge whether it is greater than 0. When it is greater than 0, it means that the material can be removed. Taking the area radius as an unknown to solve the above formula, a boundary condition can be obtained; is the maximum action area for material removal.

[0067] According to Newton's law of motion, under the rotation of the tool head, the abrasive grains 31 need to overcome the centrifugal force to produce an effect, and the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force is obtained.

[0068] According to Newton's law of motion, under the rotation of the tool head, the abrasive grains 31 must overcome the centrifugal force to produce an effect. The maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force can be obtained. At this time, special cases need to be considered, that is, the force analysis of the abrasive grains 31 at the boundary is considered. After analysis, it can be obtained that the algorithm for the force exerted on the abrasive grains 31 at the boundary by the ER particles on only one side of the abrasive grains 31 includes: ; The algorithm for the force exerted on the abrasive grains 31 at the boundary by the abrasive grains 31 in the same chain on only one side of the abrasive grains 31 includes: ; The algorithm for the force exerted on the abrasive grains 31 by the centrifugal force includes: ; where is the mass of a single abrasive grain, is the rotational speed of the tool shaft.

[0069] The constructed expression includes: , ensuring that is not less than 0 can provide centripetal force, and the minimum effective area at this time is solved as , is the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force.

[0070] Compare the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force with the maximum action area for material removal. The theoretical polishing area is the intersection of the maximum action area for overcoming the centrifugal force and the maximum action area for material removal. Then, the effective area is and Intersection 。

[0071] Working principle: The present invention provides a multi-layer electrode type electrorheological polishing device and its use and polishing area prediction method. The multi-layer electrode structure is used. Compared with the traditional double-layer electrode, the multi-layer electrode has a greater electric field strength, stronger anti-shear yield ability, improves the strength of the flexible polishing head 29. The multi-layer electrode structure makes the electric field line distribution dense, with a large number of abrasive grains in contact with the workpiece surface, improving the polishing efficiency and reducing the production cost.

[0072] The electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes of the present invention can be installed on a numerical control machining center. Combined with a multi-degree-of-freedom precision machining center, it can perform ultra-precision polishing of complex trajectories on the workpiece 4, with good polishing effects. In the polishing area covered by the multi-layer electrode structure of the present invention, the electric field strength distribution is more uniform. The design of the multi-layer electrode expands the polishing range and further improves the polishing efficiency. The device of the present invention is designed as an integrated type, with a simple structure and is relatively convenient for installation and disassembly. The present invention uses a conductive slip ring 11 to solve the problem of wire winding caused by the rotation of the tool shaft 10. The device of the present invention has strong applicability, and different shapes and sizes of multi-layer electrodes can be selected according to the workpiece. The multi-layer electrode structure part is convenient for disassembly from the tool shaft 10 and is easy to replace.

[0073] The above specific embodiments are specific supports for the solution idea proposed by the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any equivalent change or equivalent modification made on the basis of this technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrorheological polishing device having a multilayer electrode, comprising: A polishing tool for use in an electrorheological polishing fluid, characterized in that: The polishing tool comprises: a supporting fixed plate, a motor is arranged on one side of the supporting fixed plate, the other side of the supporting fixed plate is fixedly mounted on one end of the sleeve, the other end of the sleeve is provided with a lower end cover, and a conductive slip ring is arranged on the lower end cover; The motor is rotatably connected to one end of the tool shaft, and the other end of the tool shaft is connected to the electrode fixing sleeve after passing through the sleeve and the conductive slip ring; The electrode fixing sleeve is provided with a needle-shaped electrode and a ring-shaped electrode, and the needle-shaped electrode and the ring-shaped electrode are connected to a power source through a conductive slip ring.

2. An electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool shaft is rotatably connected in the sleeve via a bearing group, and the sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the tool shaft; the bearing group includes an angular contact bearing and a deep groove ball bearing embedded in the sleeve, and the angular contact bearing and the deep groove ball bearing are sleeved on the tool shaft at intervals.

3. An electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sleeve is provided with a mounting cavity for inserting the tool shaft, and a connecting ring is provided in the mounting cavity; An installation area 1 for accommodating the coupling is reserved between the connecting ring and the supporting fixing plate, one end of the coupling is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor, and the other end of the coupling is connected to one end of the tool shaft; A second installation area for embedding the angular contact bearing and the deep groove ball bearing is reserved between the connecting ring and the lower end cover.

4. The electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tool shaft is provided with a first step and a second step; one side of the angular contact bearing is in contact with the second step, one side of the deep groove ball bearing is in contact with the first step, and the other side of the deep groove ball bearing is in contact with one side of the connecting ring; The inner wall and the outer wall of the deep groove ball bearing are respectively in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the tool shaft.

5. The electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: A retaining spring is installed on the tool shaft; a pair of angular contact bearings are installed on the tool shaft; two sides of the angular contact bearings are respectively in contact with the second step and the retaining spring.

6. An electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrode fixing sleeve is threadedly connected to the tool shaft; And / or, the gap between the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode is 1 mm; And / or, the tool shaft is interference fit with the inner ring of the conductive slip ring; And / or, the power supply is a high voltage direct current power supply; And / or, one end of the needle-shaped electrode and the ring-shaped electrode is connected to the electrode fixing sleeve; the other end of the needle-shaped electrode and the ring-shaped electrode is immersed in the electrorheological polishing fluid and is close to the workpiece in the electrorheological polishing fluid.

7. The electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The needle-shaped electrodes and the multi-layered ring electrodes are connected to each other with one layer between them; The outermost layer of the multi-layer ring electrode is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply through a conductive slip ring, and the innermost layer of the needle-shaped electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply through a conductive slip ring; The adjacent needle-shaped electrodes and multi-layered ring electrodes have different polarities.

8. A method for using an electrorheological polishing device having a multi-layer electrode, characterized in that: The electrorheological polishing device with multilayer electrodes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the polishing method comprises the following steps: Step S1, selecting a polishing path according to the shape of the workpiece to be polished; Step S2, positioning the workpiece to be polished in the processing tank by a fixture, injecting electrorheological polishing fluid into the processing tank so that the electrorheological polishing fluid immerses the workpiece to be polished; Step S3, adjusting the Z direction position of the polishing tool so that the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode are close to the upper end surface of the workpiece, and the lower end surfaces of the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode are immersed in the electrorheological polishing liquid; Step S4, turning on the power supply for the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode, generating an electric field between the needle-shaped electrode and the electrodes of the adjacent layers of the multi-layer ring electrode, and causing the electrorheological polishing liquid mixed with dispersed phase particles and abrasive particles at the lower ends of the needle-shaped electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode to undergo an electrorheological effect and become a sticky solid, thereby forming a flexible polishing head; Step S5, starting the motor of the polishing tool, the motor drives the needle electrode and the multi-layer ring electrode to rotate, and the speed of the motor is adjusted to 1000-2500r / min, and the polishing tool is polished according to the set polishing path; Step S6, polishing is completed, the power supply and the motor are turned off, the movement is stopped, and the polished workpiece is taken out.

9. A polishing area prediction method for an electrorheological polishing device having a multi-layer electrode, characterized in that: The polishing area prediction method is implemented by using an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps: The polishing area where material can be removed is predicted based on the relationship between the electric field strength and position of the polishing device, the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing liquid that produces the electrorheological effect and the electric field strength, the concentration of the solid phase particles in the polishing liquid, and the stress conditions of the abrasive particles in the chain structure.

10. The polishing area prediction method of an electrorheological polishing device with multi-layer electrodes according to claim 9, characterized in that: The relationship between the electric field strength and the position of the polishing device is obtained by: According to the physical model of the electrode, the electric field intensity at one point is obtained by using Coulomb's law, and then the relationship between the electric field intensity and the position of the polishing device is obtained by using the continuous charge distribution integral method; The relationship between the viscosity of the polishing liquid that produces the electrorheological effect and the electric field strength and the concentration of the solid phase particles of the polishing liquid is obtained by: According to the viscosity of the base liquid in the polishing liquid and the volume fraction of the solid phase particles, the initial viscosity before the electric field is applied is calculated; the increased viscosity of the polishing liquid after the electric field is applied is analyzed, and the apparent viscosity of the polishing liquid under the action of the electric field is obtained by adding the initial viscosity and the increased viscosity, and the relationship between the apparent viscosity and the electric field strength and the volume fraction of the solid phase particles of the polishing liquid is obtained, and the relationship between the viscosity of the polishing liquid that produces the electrorheological effect and the electric field strength and the concentration of the solid phase particles of the polishing liquid is obtained; The acquisition of the force conditions of abrasive particles in the chain structure includes: According to the dipole model, in the electrorheological fluid, the dielectric particles are polarized under the action of an external electric field to form an electric dipole moment. The polarized dielectric particles are arranged into a chain-like partial structure along the direction of the electric field due to the dipole interaction. The general stress conditions of the abrasive particles in the chain-like partial structure are analyzed to obtain the stress conditions of the abrasive particles in the chain-like structure. The acquisition of the polishing area that will result in material removal includes: According to the material removal theory, the surface of the workpiece in the polishing area where material removal occurs must undergo plastic deformation. It is necessary to ensure that the force on the abrasive particles in the polishing area exceeds the shearing force of the workpiece. The relationship between the force on the abrasive particles and their position is analyzed to obtain the maximum action area where material removal occurs. According to Newton's law of motion, when the tool head rotates, the abrasive particles need to overcome the centrifugal force to produce an effect, and obtain the maximum action area to overcome the centrifugal force; The maximum area of ​​action for overcoming the centrifugal force is compared with the maximum area of ​​action for producing material removal, and the theoretical polishing area is the intersection of the maximum area of ​​action for overcoming the centrifugal force and the maximum area of ​​action for producing material removal.

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