Composite heat insulation fabric based on aerogel fibers and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite heat insulation fabric based on aerogel fibers and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fabric production, the fabric comprises aerogel base cloth, an adhesive layer and a microporous membrane, preparation raw materials of an adhesive for the adhesive layer comprise polyurethane, composite heat storage particles, methyl isobutyl ketone and a foaming agent, the composite heat storage particles are prepared from cesium tungsten bronze powder, linoleic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone and deionized water. The foaming type adhesive containing the composite heat storage particles is utilized, a layer of microporous membrane is compounded on the aerogel base cloth containing the aerogel fibers, so that the aerogel base cloth has the waterproof performance and the moisture permeability, cesium tungsten bronze powder and linoleic acid are jointly used in the composite heat storage particles forming the adhesive layer, and the heat storage effect is good. The heat preservation performance of the aerogel base cloth is directly enhanced, the effects of improving moisture removal and preventing odor molecule retention are indirectly achieved, and the heat preservation performance and moisture permeability of the aerogel fabric are comprehensively improved to prevent odor molecule adsorption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fabric production, and particularly relates to a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fiber and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fibers prepared from aerogel as raw materials for weaving fabrics can endow the fabrics with good heat preservation and breathability. The reason is that aerogel has a structural feature of high porosity. A large number of voids in the aerogel are filled with air, which enables aerogel fibers to have better heat-insulating effects compared with ordinary fibers. However, the characteristics of aerogel fibers with both breathability and high porosity have various effects on fabrics. During the efficient penetration of air through the fabric, the odor molecules and water molecules mixed in the air will also frequently contact the fabric, and the odor molecules and water molecules will also remain in the aerogel voids, thereby increasing the humidity and odor adsorption rate of the fabric. To address this problem, the present invention proposes a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fiber and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fiber and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fiber, which comprises an aerogel base fabric, an adhesive layer, and a microporous membrane;

[0006] The raw materials for preparing the adhesive for the adhesive layer include polyurethane, composite heat storage particles, methyl isobutyl ketone, and a foaming agent. Among them, the raw material composition of the composite heat storage particles includes cesium tungsten bronze powder, linoleic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and deionized water.

[0007] As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, by weight, the raw materials for preparing the adhesive include 20-30 parts of polyurethane, 10-15 parts of composite heat storage particles, 4-6 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 5-8 parts of a foaming agent.

[0008] As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, the raw material composition of the composite heat storage particles includes 20-25 parts of cesium tungsten bronze powder, 5-8 parts of linoleic acid, 4-6 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 15-20 parts of deionized water.

[0009] As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, the aerogel base fabric is obtained by blending silica aerogel fiber and cotton fiber in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0010] As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, the raw material composition of the microporous membrane includes polypropylene, silica powder, and a dispersant.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fibers, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Uniformly mix cesium tungsten bronze powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and deionized water to obtain a cesium tungsten bronze slurry. Add linoleic acid to the cesium tungsten bronze slurry and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Stir, dry, and crush and grind the mixture in sequence to obtain composite heat storage particles;

[0013] S2. Blend silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric;

[0014] S3. Prepare a microporous membrane;

[0015] S4. Uniformly mix polyurethane, composite heat storage particles, methyl isobutyl ketone, and a foaming agent to obtain an adhesive;

[0016] S5. Spray the adhesive onto the surfaces to be composite of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane, and perform a hot pressing composite treatment on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain a finished fabric.

[0017] As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, in S4, the temperature during the hot pressing composite treatment is 180 - 210 °C, and the duration is 3 - 5 min.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The present invention uses a foaming adhesive containing composite heat storage particles to composite a microporous membrane on the base fabric woven from aerogel fibers, which can not only endow the fabric with waterproofness but also provide a drainage channel for the water molecules entrapped in the aerogel base fabric, enabling the aerogel base fabric to have both waterproofness and moisture permeability. The composite heat storage particles in the adhesive layer contain cesium tungsten bronze powder and linoleic acid, and the combined action of the two enables the composite heat storage particles to be uniformly dispersed in the adhesive layer, thereby endowing the adhesive layer with good heat storage and heat preservation properties. It can not only directly enhance the heat preservation of the aerogel base fabric but also indirectly improve the moisture permeability and moisture discharge effect of the fabric, avoiding the problem of a large amount and long-term retention of water molecules in the aerogel base fabric, and further forming an environment unfavorable for the retention of odor molecules, comprehensively achieving the effects of improving the heat preservation, moisture permeability, and odor molecule adsorption resistance of the aerogel fabric. Specific Embodiments

[0020] The following further describes the present application in detail. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0021] I. Materials

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the present invention are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0023] The cesium tungsten bronze powder selected in the present invention is nano cesium tungsten bronze powder SS-CW20 purchased from Hangzhou Jikang New Materials Co., Ltd.;

[0024] The foaming agent selected in the present invention is azodicarbonamide;

[0025] The specific preparation process of the silica aerogel fiber in the present invention is as follows: uniformly mix the silica wet gel using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source and the cross-linking agent to obtain a spinning solution, then process the spinning solution into fibers through electrospinning technology, and perform atmospheric drying treatment on the obtained fibers to obtain silica aerogel fibers;

[0026] The polyurethane selected in the present invention is obtained by polymerizing polyether diol and diisocyanate in a molar ratio of 1:2, and the relative molecular mass is 2000;

[0027] The number average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone selected in the present invention is 30000.

[0028] II. Method

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A preparation method of a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fibers includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. By weight, uniformly mix 20 parts of cesium tungsten bronze powder, 6 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 20 parts of deionized water to obtain a cesium tungsten bronze powder slurry, add 8 parts of linoleic acid into the cesium tungsten bronze powder slurry to obtain a mixture, and perform stirring, drying, and crushing and grinding treatments on the mixture in sequence to obtain composite heat storage particles;

[0032] S2. Blend the silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric;

[0033] S3. Prepare a microporous membrane, and the specific preparation process is as follows: uniformly mix silica powder and polypropylene and then extrude, followed by drawing, the draw ratio is 85, anneal the drawn film at 145 °C for 60 min, then perform cold drawing treatment at room temperature, the drawing ratio is 35%, the drawing speed is 8 mm / min, then perform hot drawing treatment at 120 °C, the drawing ratio is 75%, the drawing speed is 12 mm / min, and finally perform heat setting at 140 °C for 7 min to obtain the microporous membrane;

[0034] S4. Mix 20 parts of polyurethane, 10 parts of composite heat storage particles, 6 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 5 parts of foaming agent evenly by weight to obtain an adhesive;

[0035] S5. Spray the adhesive onto the surfaces to be laminated of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane, and perform hot pressing lamination treatment on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain the finished fabric.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A method for preparing a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fibers, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1. Mix 25 parts of cesium tungsten bronze powder, 4 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 15 parts of deionized water evenly by weight to obtain a cesium tungsten bronze slurry. Add 5 parts of linoleic acid to the cesium tungsten bronze slurry and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Perform stirring, drying, and crushing and grinding treatments on the mixture in sequence to obtain composite heat storage particles;

[0039] S2. Blend silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric;

[0040] S3. Prepare a microporous membrane, and the specific preparation process is the same as that in Example 1;

[0041] S4. Mix 30 parts of polyurethane, 15 parts of composite heat storage particles, 4 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 3 parts of foaming agent evenly by weight to obtain an adhesive;

[0042] S5. Spray the adhesive onto the surfaces to be laminated of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane, and perform hot pressing lamination treatment on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain the finished fabric.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for preparing a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fibers, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Mix 23 parts of cesium tungsten bronze powder, 5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 17 parts of deionized water evenly by weight to obtain a cesium tungsten bronze slurry. Add 6 parts of linoleic acid to the cesium tungsten bronze slurry and mix evenly to obtain a mixture. Perform stirring, drying, and crushing and grinding treatments on the mixture in sequence to obtain composite heat storage particles;

[0046] S2. Blend silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric;

[0047] S3. Prepare a microporous membrane, and the specific preparation process is the same as that in Example 1;

[0048] S4. Mix 25 parts of polyurethane, 13 parts of composite heat storage particles, 5 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 4 parts of foaming agent evenly by weight to obtain an adhesive;

[0049] S5. Spray the adhesive onto the surfaces to be laminated of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane, and perform thermocompression lamination on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain the finished fabric.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] A method for preparing a composite heat-insulating fabric based on aerogel fibers, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Blend silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric;

[0053] S2. Prepare a microporous membrane, and the specific preparation process is the same as that in Example 1;

[0054] S3. Mix 25 parts of polyurethane, 13 parts of graphene powder, 5 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 4 parts of foaming agent evenly by weight to obtain an adhesive;

[0055] S4. Spray the adhesive onto the surfaces to be laminated of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane, and perform thermocompression lamination on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain the finished fabric.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] Based on Example 3, replace linoleic acid in the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles in S1 with caprylic acid;

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] Based on Example 3, replace cesium tungsten bronze powder in the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles in S1 with graphene powder.

[0060] Comparative Examples 4 and 5

[0061] Based on Example 3, only adjust the ratio of cesium tungsten bronze powder and linoleic acid in the composite heat storage particles in S1, and the specific ratios in Example 3, Comparative Example 4 and 5 are shown in the following table:

[0062] Perform performance tests on each of the finished fabrics, specifically including the following test items:

[0063]

[0064] Perform performance tests on each of the finished fabrics, specifically including the following test items:

[0065] ① Thermal insulation performance test: Refer to the standard of GB / T 11048-2008 "Determination of Thermal Resistance and Moisture Resistance of Textiles under Steady-State Conditions of Physiological Comfort". Use the YG606E type textile thermal resistance tester for testing. Take 5 specimens for each fabric sample, and finally take the average value;

[0066] ② Moisture permeability performance test: Based on the implementation standard of GB / T 12704.1-2009 "Textiles - Test Method for Moisture Permeability of Fabrics - Part 1: Moisture Permeation Method", use the FX3180 type moisture permeability measuring instrument to test the moisture permeability of the samples. During the test, the temperature is 38 °C, the humidity is 90.0%, the air flow rate is 0.5 m / s, and the test area is 28.3 cm2. Before the test, the test chamber needs to be pre-conditioned. After the automatic conditioning is completed, the instrument starts the moisture permeability test, and the moisture permeability data is automatically recorded every 1 hour, for a total of two times. After the experiment is completed, manually record the moisture permeability data of the samples, and take the average value of 5 groups of experimental data of each group of samples as the final data;

[0067] ③ Odor adsorption resistance performance test: Refer to the implementation standard of GB / T 33610.2—2017 "Determination of Deodorization Performance of Textiles - Part 2: Detection Tube Method", select methyl mercaptan as the detection gas. Take two identical specimens for each fabric to be tested, put the two specimens into the same sampling bag, evacuate the sampling bag containing the specimens, then inject an appropriate amount of detection gas and let it stand for 2 h. Then take out the two specimens, one specimen as the control group and the other as the experimental group. Put the specimen of the control group into a new sampling bag, extract the gas in it and detect the concentration A of the odor components in the gas. Place the specimen of the experimental group under light conditions for 30 min, put the experimental group specimen after light treatment into a new sampling bag, extract the gas in it and detect the concentration B of the odor components in the gas, and calculate the adsorption elimination rate = (A - B) / A (%).

[0068] Test the waterproof performance, moisture permeability performance and odor adsorption resistance performance of the fabrics in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0069]

[0070] Note: The test sample of the blank example is the aerogel base fabric, and its preparation method is the same as that of S2 in Example 3.

[0071] It can be seen from the above table that:

[0072] ① The data of Examples 1-3 are all significantly better than those of the blank group. This result shows that compounding a microporous membrane on the surface of the aerogel base fabric with an adhesive containing polyurethane, composite heat storage particles and methyl isobutyl ketone can effectively improve the thermal insulation, moisture permeability and odor molecule adsorption resistance of the aerogel base fabric;

[0073] Moreover, the raw material ratios of the composite heat storage particles and the adhesive used in Examples 1-3 are different. Correspondingly, the test data of Examples 1-3 all show certain differences, indicating that the ratio of various components in the composite heat storage particles and the adhesive will affect the improvement effect on the aerogel base fabric. Based on the data in the above table, Example 3 is selected as the best ratio;

[0074] ② In Comparative Example 1, the composite heat storage particles were directly replaced with graphene powder. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder in the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles were replaced with caprylic acid and graphene powder respectively. The test results show that the data of Comparative Examples 1-3 are all worse than those of Example 3, and the data of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are significantly better than those of Comparative Example 1, and the gap is large. This result indicates that when improving the heat preservation of the fabric, compared with the commonly used graphene powder, the composite heat storage particles can endow the aerogel base fabric with better heat preservation effect, and indirectly improve the moisture permeability and odor molecule adsorption resistance of the aerogel base fabric;

[0075] ③ On the one hand, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder in the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles were approximately replaced respectively. The results show that the clo values of the fabrics in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are similar, and compared with Example 3, the decline amplitude of the adsorption elimination rate data of Comparative Example 2 is greater, while the decline amplitude of the moisture permeability data of Comparative Example 3 is greater. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder in the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles were removed respectively. The data of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 are all worse than those of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, and compared with Example 3, the decline amplitude of the adsorption elimination rate data of Comparative Example 5 is greater, while the decline amplitude of the moisture permeability data of Comparative Example 4 is greater;

[0076] The above results show that when linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder in the composite heat storage particles act alone on the aerogel fabric, certain improvement effects can be achieved. However, compared with using any one of the two components, the combined use of linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder can endow the aerogel base fabric with better heat preservation, moisture permeability and odor molecule adsorption resistance, achieving the best improvement effect;

[0077] The reason for the above results may be that when linoleic acid and cesium tungsten bronze powder act together, cesium tungsten bronze powder can be used as a carrier for linoleic acid, and linoleic acid can play the role of surface modification of cesium tungsten bronze powder, so that both components can be evenly dispersed in the polyurethane.

[0078] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fiber, characterized in that: The fabric includes an aerogel base fabric, a viscose layer and a microporous membrane; The raw materials for preparing the adhesive for the adhesive layer include polyurethane, composite heat storage particles, methyl isobutyl ketone and a foaming agent, wherein the raw materials of the composite heat storage particles include cesium tungsten bronze powder, linoleic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and deionized water.

2. The composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the raw materials for preparing the adhesive include 20-30 parts of polyurethane, 10-15 parts of composite heat storage particles, 4-6 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone and 5-8 parts of foaming agent.

3. The composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the raw material composition of the composite thermal storage particles includes 20-25 parts of cesium tungsten bronze powder, 5-8 parts of linoleic acid, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 15-20 parts of deionized water.

4. The composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerogel base fabric is obtained by blending silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

5. The composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the microporous membrane include polypropylene, silicon dioxide powder and a dispersant.

6. A method for preparing a composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Evenly mix cesium tungsten bronze powder, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and deionized water to obtain cesium tungsten bronze slurry, add linoleic acid into the cesium tungsten bronze slurry and mix evenly to obtain a mixture, and sequentially stir, dry and crush and grind the mixture to obtain composite thermal storage particles; S2, blending silica aerogel fibers and cotton fibers in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aerogel base fabric; S3, preparing a microporous membrane; S4, mixing the polyurethane, the composite heat storage particles, the methyl isobutyl ketone and the foaming agent uniformly to obtain an adhesive; S5, spraying the adhesive onto the surfaces of the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to be composited and performing hot pressing composite treatment on the aerogel base fabric and the microporous membrane to obtain a finished fabric.

7. The method for preparing a composite thermal insulation fabric based on aerogel fibers according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, the temperature during the hot pressing composite treatment is 180-210° C. and the duration is 3-5 minutes.

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