Buoy array solar power generation platform for hydraulic engineering and wave stability control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a buoy array solar power generation platform for a water conservancy project and a wave stability control method, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy project new energy, and the technical scheme is that the buoy array solar power generation platform comprises a plurality of modularized buoy units, the top of each buoy unit is provided with a steel beam base, and the steel beam base is provided with a solar cell panel; the buoy connecting mechanism comprises a connecting rod and a rubber buffer; the buoy units are arranged according to a honeycomb structure, and the adjacent buoy units in the front row and the rear row are connected through universal joint type connectors. The wave shunting system comprises an inclined wave shunting plate; the anchoring system comprises anchor points and elastic anchor chains which are arranged at diagonal positions of the plurality of modular buoy units; the wave monitoring system comprises a wave sensor, a data acquisition module, a control algorithm module and an actuator interface. The platform has the beneficial effects that the stability of the platform is remarkably improved and the influence of wave impact is reduced by optimizing the buoy array structure, designing the wave splitter plate and dynamically adjusting the balance weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy for water conservancy projects, and particularly relates to a floating drum array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects and a wave stability control method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, water-based photovoltaic power generation systems have gradually become an important development direction for photovoltaic applications due to advantages such as land resource conservation and improved power generation efficiency. Traditional water-based photovoltaic systems mainly use floating drum platforms to support photovoltaic modules and are fixed in water areas through anchoring systems. In the prior art, the structural design of floating drum platforms has evolved from single floating drums in the early stage to modular array layouts, and the connection methods have also been gradually improved from rigid fixation to connection structures with a certain degree of flexibility. In terms of wave stability, researchers have proposed various technical means including weighted bases, dampers, etc., attempting to improve the dynamic response characteristics of the platform in a wave environment. Reports from the International Energy Agency show that the global installed capacity of water-based photovoltaics exceeded 3GW in 2022, of which approximately 60% adopted floating drum array structures, indicating that this technical route has become the mainstream choice in the industry.

[0003] However, existing water-based photovoltaic power generation platforms still have significant technical deficiencies in dealing with complex wave environments. First, in terms of wave resistance performance, mainstream floating drum platforms mostly adopt uniformly arranged array layouts and simple four-corner anchoring methods. Although this design is convenient for installation, it is difficult to effectively disperse wave energy. Research by the University of Tokyo in Japan in 2021 showed that when the wave height exceeds 0.8 meters, the platform displacement can reach more than 15% of the diameter in the traditional layout, seriously affecting power generation efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, in terms of structural reliability, existing connection technologies mostly use rigid bolts for direct fixation, which is prone to stress concentration under long-term wave loads. Statistical data from the China Photovoltaic Industry Association shows that the failure rate of such structures is as high as 35% after 3 years of operation.

[0005] More seriously, existing technologies generally ignore the particularity of the water conservancy project environment and fail to fully utilize the modulation effect of water conservancy facilities such as reservoirs and dams on waves, resulting in high anti-wave design costs. The root causes of these problems are: on the one hand, wave loads are multi-directional and random, and traditional rigid structures are difficult to adaptively adjust; on the other hand, the matching relationship between water area environment parameters (such as wave height, period, etc.) and structural parameters has not been established, making it lack a theoretical basis for optimal design. The 2023 technical report from the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory pointed out that the key to solving these problems lies in developing new wave energy dissipation mechanisms and intelligent parameter matching methods.

[0006] To address the above technical challenges, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of floating PV platform system, with a focus on solving the following key problems: how to effectively reduce platform displacement and inclination caused by waves without significantly increasing costs; how to improve the fatigue life of the connection structure to ensure long-term operation reliability; and how to achieve collaborative optimization with the water conservancy project environment to enhance overall economic efficiency. Solving these problems will greatly expand the application scope of floating PV in open waters and is of great significance for promoting the development of renewable energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To achieve the above invention objectives and address the above technical problems, the present invention provides a floating barrel array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects and a wave stability control method.

[0008] The technical solution is as follows. A floating barrel array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects includes:

[0009] Multiple modular floating barrel units. Each floating barrel unit is a cube structure made of high molecular polyethylene material, with dimensions of 500mm×500mm×400mm. A steel beam base is provided at the top, and a solar panel is arranged on the steel beam base.

[0010] A floating barrel connection mechanism, including a connecting rod and a rubber buffer, allowing a relative displacement of ±5 cm between adjacent floating barrel units. The connecting rod is a metal rod with an axial stiffness ≥50 kN / mm. The floating barrel units are arranged in a honeycomb structure, with each row containing 15 - 20 floating barrel units. The adjacent rows of floating barrel units are arranged in a staggered manner, and the row spacing is 0.6±0.1 times the side length of the floating barrel. The connecting rods are arranged on the side walls of adjacent floating barrel units in the same row, and the two connecting rods are connected by a rubber buffer to absorb high-frequency vibrations. The pre-compression amount of the rubber buffer is 10±2% of the free height. Under wave load conditions, the elastic deformation amount of the connecting rod does not exceed 1% of the deformation amount of the rubber buffer. "Functional rigidity" (relative to the flexibility of the rubber buffer) is defined by quantifying the stiffness parameters. The adjacent front and rear rows of floating barrel units are connected by a universal joint type connector.

[0011] A wave diversion system, including inclined wave diversion plates arranged on the periphery of the floating barrel unit array. The wave diversion plates form an angle of 28 - 32° with the edge of the floating barrel unit, and the height is 1 / 3 of the side length of the floating barrel unit. The surface of the wave diversion plate is provided with wave-shaped grooves with a depth of 10 mm. An inclined wave diversion plate is added to the periphery of the floating barrel array, made of metal or composite material, to decompose large waves into small waves in multiple directions.

[0012] An anchoring system, including anchor points and elastic anchor chains arranged at the diagonal positions of multiple modular floating barrel units. The elastic modulus of the anchor chain is selected according to the wave frequency of the water area.

[0013] Wave monitoring system, including a wave sensor for real-time measurement of wave height H, wave period T and main wave direction α in the water area, a data acquisition module that converts the sensor signal into a digital quantity and transmits it to the control unit, a control algorithm module for calculating the diverter plate angle θ, the position L of the counterweight, and the pre-tension of the anchor chain, and an actuator interface that outputs control instructions to an electric push rod (counterweight), a servo (diverter plate), a tensioner (anchor chain), etc.

[0014] The buoy unit is set as a square single body. An independent steel beam base is provided on the top of each buoy unit. Reinforcing rib plates are provided at the connection between the steel beam base and the buoy unit body. The thickness of the rib plate is 1.5 - 2 times the wall thickness of the buoy.

[0015] The connecting rod is made of a Q355B steel hollow pipe with an outer diameter of 30 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm.

[0016] The free height of the rubber buffer is 80 ± 2 mm, and the height after pre-compression is 72 ± 1 mm.

[0017] Chamfers of 5 - 6° are provided at the four vertical edges of the upper surface of the buoy unit. Compared with a right-angle buoy, the chamfers reduce the eddy current intensity by 37%. The chamfer cutting width is 40 ± 2 mm, and the four corners of the bottom surface remain right-angled. Stainless steel connecting lugs with threaded holes are provided on the side surfaces of the buoy unit.

[0018] The wave diverter plate is provided on the outside of the outermost buoy unit. The adjustable range of the inclination angle of the wave diverter plate is 28 - 32°. Three adjustment holes arranged in an arc are opened on the flange plate on the back of the wave diverter plate. The connecting lug is fixedly connected to the adjustment hole through a bolt.

[0019] The adjustment angle at the starting point of the adjustment hole is 28°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.78; the adjustment angle at the midpoint of the adjustment hole is 30°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.72; the adjustment angle at the end point of the adjustment hole is 32°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.81.

[0020] The incident wave undergoes primary attenuation by the wave diverter plate and secondary dissipation by the buoy chamfer structure in sequence. The wave energy is first decomposed by the outer wave diverter plate (attenuated by about 40%). After the remaining energy is transmitted to the buoy unit array, the chamfer structure further breaks up the eddy current (reducing the turbulence intensity by 15%).

[0021] The Shore hardness of the rubber buffer satisfies H = 50 + 10V, tested based on the GB / T 531.1 - 2019 standard;

[0022] where V is the annual average wave height in the water area, with the unit of m;

[0023] The gimbal-type connector includes a horizontal section provided on the side walls adjacent to the front and rear of the floating unit, and an inclined section connecting the two front and rear horizontal sections. At the connection of the horizontal section and the inclined section, two cross shafts arranged orthogonally are provided, and needle roller bearings with sealing rings are provided at the ends of each shaft; the inclined section forms an angle of 30° ± 0.5° with the horizontal section, and a bearing seat is provided at the connection of the horizontal section and the side wall of the floating unit;

[0024] The diameter of the cross shaft is 25 mm, and the radial clearance of the bearing is 0.02 - 0.05 mm.

[0025] The included angle α between the orientation of the wave splitter plate and the main wave direction satisfies: θ = 60° - 0.5α.

[0026] The anchoring system includes at least four anchor points, which are respectively located at the four diagonal positions of the floating unit array. The positions of the diagonal anchor points are dynamically optimized according to the wave sensor data.

[0027] A counterweight is provided below the interior of the floating unit. The counterweight is pushed by an electric push rod. A guide groove is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the floating unit. The counterweight is slidably connected to the guide groove, and waterproof sealing rings are provided at both ends of the guide groove;

[0028] The built-in cable powers the electric push rod, and the control signal comes from the wave monitoring system;

[0029] The guide groove is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant bushing, and the friction coefficient ≤ 0.1.

[0030] Based on the wave stability control method of the floating unit array solar power generation platform for the water conservancy project described above, it includes the following steps:

[0031] S1, Primary control:

[0032] Measure the main wave direction α of the water area, and adjust the angle of the wave splitter plate θ = 60° - 0.5α;

[0033] S2, Secondary control:

[0034] According to the average wave height H and wave period T of the water area, adjust the position of the counterweight L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T, with the unit of m;

[0035] Where H is the average wave height of the water area, with the unit of m; T is the wave period, with the unit of s; H is the distance of the counterweight from the center of the floating unit, with the unit of m;

[0036] The moving speed of the counterweight ≤ 0.1 m / s to prevent the water hammer effect;

[0037] The wave sensor measures H and T, calculates the target position L, and pushes the counterweight through the electric push rod; the counterweight moves to L and is locked, thereby changing the center of gravity of the floating unit and suppressing rolling or pitching;

[0038] The outward movement of the counterweight increases L, thereby resisting the overturning moment caused by the large wave height H;

[0039] The inward movement of the counterweight reduces L, thereby optimizing the low-frequency sloshing under long-period T waves;

[0040] S3, Ultimate control:

[0041] Set the pre-tension of the anchor chain to 15 - 20% of the breaking strength, and increase the pre-tension by 2% every quarter when the wave frequency ≥ 0.5Hz to compensate for relaxation;

[0042] The adjustment accuracy of the pre-tension is controlled within the range of ±1% of the breaking strength.

[0043] When the wave frequency in the water area < 0.5Hz, select an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 3GPa;

[0044] When the wave frequency in the water area ≥ 0.5Hz, select an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 1.5GPa.

[0045] The adjustment accuracy of the counterweight is controlled within the range of ±0.05m;

[0046] The mass of the counterweight accounts for 15 - 20% of the total mass of a single floating drum.

[0047] Selection requirements for wave sensors

[0048] Wave height H measurement:

[0049] Use a radar wave height meter or a pressure wave height sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1m to meet the calculation requirements of L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T.

[0050] Wave period T measurement:

[0051] Analyze the wave surface motion spectrum through an accelerometer or an underwater acoustic Doppler instrument to obtain the period (in the range of 0.1 - 10Hz).

[0052] Main wave direction α detection:

[0053] Use a directional wave buoy or an array ultrasonic sensor to determine the splitter plate angle θ = 60° - The reference of 0.5α.

[0054] Link the platform power generation system with the reservoir water level monitoring system to achieve the coordinated operation of power generation and water resource management.

[0055] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: This solution provides a floating drum array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects and a wave stability control method. By optimizing the floating drum array design and the wave stability control method, the stability of the system in a wave environment is improved, while the technical complexity and cost are reduced. Its advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0056] (1) Wave stability performance

[0057] Significantly reduce the platform displacement and inclination: By optimizing the floating drum array structure and the wave diversion plate design, the impact of waves on the platform is effectively reduced, so that the displacement and inclination of the platform in a complex wave environment are greatly reduced, and the stability of the platform is significantly improved;

[0058] Quick recovery ability: The design of dynamically adjusting the counterweight is adopted, so that the platform can quickly return to a stable state after being affected by waves, reducing the continuous impact of waves on the platform and improving the dynamic response performance of the platform;

[0059] Effectively suppress resonance: Aiming at the resonance problem of long-period waves, by reasonably adjusting the position of the counterweight and other measures, the resonance phenomenon of the platform is effectively suppressed, and the stability of the platform under extreme wave conditions is further enhanced;

[0060] (2) Structural reliability

[0061] Reduce the stress of connecting parts: The optimized connection structure design significantly reduces the stress level of the connecting parts under extreme working conditions, ensuring the safety and reliability of the structure;

[0062] Improve the durability of rubber buffers: High-quality rubber buffers are selected, and by reasonably designing their working parameters, they have higher durability during long-term use, reducing maintenance costs;

[0063] Extend the maintenance cycle: The overall design optimization greatly extends the maintenance cycle of the platform, reduces the maintenance workload and maintenance costs, and improves the operation efficiency of the platform;

[0064] (3) Power generation performance

[0065] Improve the daily average power generation: By improving the stability of the platform, the solar panels can receive light more effectively, thus significantly improving the daily average power generation of the platform;

[0066] Enhance energy efficiency: The optimized platform structure design not only increases the light receiving time of the photovoltaic modules, but also reduces the battery operating temperature through measures such as water cooling, further improving the power generation efficiency;

[0067] (4) Technical optimization and innovation

[0068] Hierarchical Wave Control System: Adopting a hierarchical control strategy, through the coordinated action of wave diversion plates, dynamic counterweights, and elastic anchor chains, it effectively dissipates wave energy and improves the wave resistance performance of the platform;

[0069] Stiffness Matching Connection Mechanism: By reasonably matching the stiffness of connecting rods and rubber buffers, it effectively suppresses the resonance phenomenon of the platform under wave loads and optimizes the dynamic response characteristics of the platform;

[0070] Hydraulic Engineering Adaptability Design: Fully considering the particularity of the hydraulic engineering environment, it coordinates the platform design with hydraulic engineering facilities, achieves the dual goals of solar power generation and water resource management, and improves the overall economy;

[0071] (5) Eco-Friendliness and Cost

[0072] Eco-Friendliness: Using environmentally friendly materials and eco-friendly designs to reduce the impact on the water ecological environment;

[0073] Low Cost: Through optimized design, reduce the dependence on complex intelligent control systems, lower technical complexity and maintenance costs, and improve the economy of the platform. Description of the Drawings

[0074] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part A of

[0076] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part B of

[0077] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wave diversion plate of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Among them, the reference numerals are: 1, buoy unit; 2, steel beam base; 10, solar panel; 3, connecting rod; 4, rubber buffer; 5, wave diversion plate; 501, wavy groove; 6, elastic anchor chain; 7, connecting ear seat; 502, adjustment hole; 701, horizontal section; 702, inclined section; 703, bearing seat. Detailed Embodiment

[0079] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0080] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0083] Embodiment 1

[0084] See Figures 1 to 4 , the present invention provides a pontoon array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects, including:

[0085] A plurality of modular pontoon units 1, each pontoon unit 1 is a cubic structure made of high molecular polyethylene material, with dimensions of 500mm×500mm×400mm, and a steel beam base 2 is provided on the top, and a solar panel 10 is arranged on the steel beam base 2;

[0086] The buoy connecting mechanism includes a connecting rod 3 and a rubber buffer 4, allowing a relative displacement of ±5 cm between adjacent buoy units 1; the connecting rod 3 is made of a metal rod with an axial stiffness ≥50 kN / mm; the buoy units 1 are arranged in a honeycomb structure, with each row containing 15 - 20 buoy units, and the adjacent rows of buoy units are arranged in a staggered manner, and the row spacing is 0.6 ± 0.1 times the side length of the buoy; on the side walls of adjacent buoy units 1 in the same row, connecting rods 3 are provided, and the two connecting rods 3 are connected by a rubber buffer 4 to absorb high-frequency vibrations, and the pre-compression amount of the rubber buffer 4 is 10 ± 2% of the free height; under the wave load condition, the elastic deformation amount of the connecting rod does not exceed 1% of the deformation amount of the rubber buffer. "Functional rigidity" (relative to the flexibility of the rubber buffer) is defined by quantifying the stiffness parameters. The adjacent buoy units 1 in the front and rear rows are connected by a universal joint type connector;

[0087] The wave diversion system includes an inclined wave diversion plate 5 arranged on the periphery of the buoy unit 1 array. The wave diversion plate 5 forms an angle of 28 - 32° with the edge of the buoy unit, and its height is 1 / 3 of the side length of the buoy unit. The surface of the wave diversion plate 5 is provided with a wavy groove 501 with a depth of 10 mm; an inclined wave diversion plate is added to the periphery of the buoy array, made of metal or composite material, to decompose large waves into small waves in multiple directions.

[0088] The anchoring system includes anchor points and elastic anchor chains 6 arranged at the diagonal positions of multiple modular buoy units; the elastic modulus of the anchor chain is selected according to the wave frequency of the water area;

[0089] The wave monitoring system includes a wave sensor that measures the wave height H, wave period T, and main wave direction α of the water area in real time, a data acquisition module that converts the sensor signal into a digital quantity and transmits it to the control unit, a control algorithm module that calculates the diversion plate angle θ, the position L of the counterweight, and the pre-tension of the anchor chain, and an actuator interface that outputs control instructions to the electric push rod (counterweight), servo (diversion plate), tensioner (anchor chain), etc.

[0090] The buoy unit 1 is set as a square single body, and each buoy unit is provided with an independent steel beam base 2 at the top. At the connection between the steel beam base 2 and the body of the buoy unit 1, reinforcing rib plates are provided, and the thickness of the rib plates is 1.5 - 2 times the wall thickness of the buoy;

[0091] The connecting rod 3 is made of a Q355B steel hollow pipe with an outer diameter of 30 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm;

[0092] The free height of the rubber buffer 4 is 80 ± 2 mm, and the height after pre-compression is 72 ± 1 mm;

[0093] Four vertical edges on the upper surface of the buoy unit are provided with chamfers of 5-6°, compared with a right-angled buoy, the chamfers reduce the eddy current intensity by 37%. The chamfer cutting width is 40±2 mm, and the four corners of the bottom surface remain right-angled. Stainless steel connecting lugs 7 with threaded holes are arranged on the side surfaces of the buoy unit 1;

[0094] A wave shunt plate 5 is arranged outside the outermost buoy unit 1. The adjustable range of the inclination angle of the wave shunt plate 5 is 28-32°. Three adjustment holes 502 arranged in an arc are opened on the flange plate on the back of the wave shunt plate 5. The connecting lug 7 is fixedly connected to the adjustment hole 502 through a bolt;

[0095] The adjustment angle at the starting point of the adjustment hole 502 is 28°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.78; the adjustment angle at the midpoint of the adjustment hole 502 is 30°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.72; the adjustment angle at the end point of the adjustment hole 502 is 32°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.81.

[0096] The incident wave undergoes primary attenuation by the wave shunt plate 5 and secondary dissipation by the buoy chamfer structure in sequence. The wave energy is first decomposed by the peripheral wave shunt plate 5 (attenuated by about 40%). After the remaining energy is transmitted to the buoy unit array, the chamfer structure further breaks up the eddy current (reducing the turbulence intensity by 15%).

[0097] The Shore hardness of the rubber buffer 4 satisfies H = 50 + 10V, tested based on the GB / T 531.1-2019 standard;

[0098] where V is the annual average wave height of the water area, with the unit of m;

[0099] The universal joint type connector includes a horizontal section 701 arranged on the adjacent side walls in the front and rear of the buoy unit 1 and an inclined section 702 connecting the two horizontal sections 701 in the front and rear. Two cross shafts arranged orthogonally are provided at the connection of the horizontal section 701 and the inclined section 702, and needle roller bearings with sealing rings are provided at the ends of each shaft; the inclined section 702 forms an angle of 30°±0.5° with the horizontal section 701, and a bearing seat 703 is provided at the connection of the horizontal section 701 and the side wall of the buoy unit 1;

[0100] The diameter of the cross shaft is 25 mm, and the radial clearance of the bearing is 0.02-0.05 mm.

[0101] The included angle α between the orientation of the wave shunt plate 5 and the main wave direction satisfies: θ = 60° - 0.5α.

[0102] The anchoring system includes at least four anchor points, which are respectively located at the four diagonal positions of the buoy unit 1 array. The diagonal anchor point positions are dynamically optimized according to the wave sensor data.

[0103] A counterweight is arranged below the interior of the buoy unit 1. The counterweight is pushed by an electric push rod. A guide groove is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the buoy unit. The counterweight is slidably connected to the guide groove, and waterproof sealing rings are arranged at both ends of the guide groove;

[0104] The built-in cable powers the electric push rod, and the control signal comes from the wave monitoring system;

[0105] The guide groove is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant bushing, and the friction coefficient ≤ 0.1.

[0106] A wave stability control method for a floating array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects includes the following steps:

[0107] S1. Primary control:

[0108] Measure the main wave direction α of the water area, and adjust the angle θ of the wave splitter plate to θ = 60° - 0.5α;

[0109] S2. Secondary control:

[0110] According to the average wave height H and wave period T of the water area, adjust the position L of the counterweight to L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T, with the unit of m;

[0111] where H is the average wave height of the water area, with the unit of m; T is the wave period, with the unit of s; L is the distance from the counterweight to the center of the buoy, with the unit of m;

[0112] The moving speed of the counterweight ≤ 0.1 m / s to prevent the water hammer effect;

[0113] The wave sensor measures H and T, calculates the target position L, and pushes the counterweight through the electric push rod; the counterweight moves to L and locks, thereby changing the center of gravity of the buoy and suppressing rolling or pitching;

[0114] The outward movement of the counterweight increases L, thereby resisting the overturning moment caused by the large wave height H;

[0115] The inward movement of the counterweight reduces L, thereby optimizing the low-frequency sway under long-period T waves;

[0116] S3. Final control:

[0117] Set the pre-tension of the anchor chain to 15 - 20% of the breaking strength, and increase the pre-tension by 2% per quarter to compensate for relaxation when the wave frequency ≥ 0.5 Hz;

[0118] The pre-tension adjustment accuracy is controlled within the range of ±1% of the breaking strength.

[0119] When the wave frequency of the water area < 0.5 Hz, choose an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 3 GPa;

[0120] When the wave frequency of the water area ≥ 0.5 Hz, an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 1.5 GPa is selected.

[0121] The adjustment accuracy of the counterweight is controlled within the range of ±0.05 m;

[0122] The mass of the counterweight accounts for 15 - 20% of the total mass of a single buoy.

[0123] Selection requirements for wave sensors

[0124] Measurement of wave height H:

[0125] Use a radar wave height meter or a pressure wave height sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1 m to meet the calculation requirements of L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T.

[0126] Measurement of wave period T:

[0127] Analyze the wave surface motion spectrum through an accelerometer or an underwater acoustic Doppler instrument to obtain the period (in the range of 0.1 - 10 Hz).

[0128] Detection of main wave direction α:

[0129] Use a directional wave buoy or an array ultrasonic sensor to determine the splitter plate angle θ = 60° - The benchmark of 0.5α.

[0130] Link the platform power generation system with the reservoir water level monitoring system to achieve the coordinated operation of power generation and water resource management.

[0131] 1. Optimization of the modular buoy unit structure

[0132] (1) Hydrodynamic verification of the 500 mm cube structure:

[0133] Through CFD simulation verification, when the wave height is 1.5 m, the eddy current intensity of this size is reduced by 23% compared with the 600 mm structure (Reynolds number Re = 3.2×10 5 );

[0134] The density of the high molecular polyethylene material is 0.95 g / cm 3 , and when the wall thickness is 8 mm, the buoyancy reserve coefficient reaches 1.8 (ISO 13297 standard);

[0135] (2) Strengthening the connection between the steel beam base and the buoy:

[0136] The thickness of the stiffening rib plate is 12 - 16 mm (1.5 - 2 times the 8 mm wall thickness of the buoy), which increases the bending moment bearing capacity at the connection to 4.5 kN·m;

[0137] The base size of 450×120 mm is verified by finite element analysis, and the maximum deflection under a 10 - level wind load is 1.2 mm (< L / 250);

[0138] 2. Innovative Design of the Connecting Mechanism

[0139] (1) Stiffness Matching Principle:

[0140]

[0141] Among them, \(k_{rod}\) represents the stiffness of the rod, with the unit of kN / mm;

[0142] \(k_{rubber}\) represents the stiffness of the rubber, with the unit of kN / mm;

[0143] This ratio indicates that the stiffness of the rod is 100 times that of the rubber, ensuring that 90% of the wave energy is dissipated by the rubber buffer.

[0144] (2) Dynamic Characteristics of the Honeycomb Connection:

[0145] The displacement of adjacent rows of ±5 cm has been verified by flume tests and can absorb 85% of the impact kinetic energy under sea state 3;

[0146] The clearance of the L-type universal joint bearing is 0.02 - 0.05 mm, and the wear rate is reduced by 60% compared with traditional joint bearings;

[0147] 3. Empirical Study of the Wave Control System

[0148] (1) Physical Basis of the Optimization Formula for the Angle of the Splitter Plate \(\theta = 60^{\circ}-0.5\alpha\):

[0149] Derived based on Snell's law of wave refraction, when \(\theta = 30^{\circ}\), the peak refraction efficiency reaches 92%;

[0150] The 40-mm hole pitch of the arc-shaped adjustment hole corresponds to an adjustment accuracy of 1°, which has been verified by towing tank tests;

[0151] (2) Dynamic Basis of the Counterweight Control Algorithm \(L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T\):

[0152] The coefficient 0.3 corresponds to the reciprocal relationship of the GM value of the buoy (the metacentric height is 1.2 m);

[0153] The term 0.1T compensates for the resonance effect of long-period waves (the adjustment amount increases by 50% when \(T>5s\));

[0154] 4. Dynamic Response of the Anchoring System

[0155] (1) Selection Criteria for Elastic Modulus:

[0156] For low frequencies (\(<0.5Hz\)), a 3-GPa anchor chain is selected, and the elongation rate of 0.8% matches the wave displacement;

[0157] For high frequencies (\(\geq0.5Hz\)), a 1.5-GPa anchor chain can reduce the impact load by 30%;

[0158] (2) Pre-tension control:

[0159] 15 - 20% of the breaking strength ensures a safety factor > 5 (DNVGL-OS-E301 standard);

[0160] The quarterly 2% compensation is based on the creep test data of 316L stainless steel anchor chain;

[0161] 5. Sensor system accuracy verification

[0162] (1) Wave height measurement:

[0163] The radar wave height gauge with an accuracy of ±0.1m can ensure that the counterweight position error < 3% (0.1 / 3.3 = 3.03%);

[0164] (2) Wave direction detection:

[0165] The array ultrasonic sensor with an error of ±2° causes the efficiency loss of the splitter plate < 5%;

[0166] 6. Cooperative control benefits

[0167] (1) Three-level control response time:

[0168] Primary (splitter plate): < 30 seconds

[0169] Secondary (counterweight): < 2 minutes (at a speed of 0.1m / s)

[0170] Final (anchor chain): < 5 minutes

[0171] (2) Comprehensive effect:

[0172]

[0173] Among them, η represents the wave energy dissipation rate, that is, the ratio of the dissipated energy to the total wave energy;

[0174] Ediss represents the dissipated energy;

[0175] Ewave represents the total wave energy;

[0176] This ratio represents the calculation method of the wave energy dissipation rate. The 0.4 in the formula represents the proportion of the energy dissipated by the primary control (splitter plate) in the total wave energy;

[0177] The (1 - 0.4) × 0.15 in the formula represents the proportion of the energy dissipated by the secondary control (counterweight) in the total wave energy;

[0178] Therefore, the entire formula calculates the proportion of the energy jointly dissipated by the primary control and the secondary control in the total wave energy;

[0179] The calculated result η = 49% indicates that the total energy dissipation rate reaches 49%, which is 2.1 times higher than that of the traditional scheme.

[0180] All parameters of this scheme have passed:

[0181] 1. Computer simulation (ANSYS Fluent / Workbench);

[0182] 2. Reduced-scale model test (1:10 flume test);

[0183] 3. Engineering analogy (referring to the DNVGL-OS-E301 standard) for triple verification.

[0184] Example 2

[0185] Comparative test on the wave stability performance of the buoy array

[0186] The test was carried out in a wave test tank with a length of 50 m and a width of 8 m, simulating two typical working conditions of a reservoir and the offshore. A 1:5 reduced-scale model was adopted, and the prototype parameters were converted according to the similarity criterion. The test objects included the buoy array of the present invention (FT-2023 type) and two control systems: a traditional rectangular array (RT-2020 type) and a commercial honeycomb array (HC-2021 type).

[0187] The buoy units were manufactured according to the standard process. The high molecular polyethylene material was tested for melt index (12 g / 10 min under the conditions of 190 °C / 5 kg), and the density was 0.953 g / cm 3 . The steel beam base was made of Q355B steel formed by laser cutting and was detected by magnetic particle flaw detection after welding. When assembling the connecting mechanism, the rubber buffer was pre-compressed to a height of 72 mm (free height 80 mm) on a universal testing machine and locked when the compression force was stable at 4.8 ± 0.3 kN.

[0188] Before installing the wave splitter plate, the surface flow field was tested, and the optimized parameters of a groove depth of 10.2 mm and a spacing of 24 mm were selected. The anchor chain system was equipped with strain gauges and tension sensors, and the sampling frequency was 100 Hz. The counterweight moving mechanism was driven by a servo motor, and the actually measured average speed was 0.092 m / s, and the position control error was ±3.7 mm.

[0189] The test was divided into three stages:

[0190] 1. Regular wave test: Regular waves with a wave height of 0.3 - 1.2 m (prototype value) and a period of 3 - 8 s were generated, and the motion response of the platform was measured

[0191] 2. Irregular wave test: Based on the JONSWAP spectrum, a sea state of level 4 was simulated for 120 minutes

[0192] 3. Extreme working condition test: Simulate the wave condition once in 50 years (the prototype value of H = 2.4m) to verify the ultimate bearing capacity

[0193] The data acquisition system includes:

[0194] 6-degree-of-freedom motion monitor (accuracy 0.1°)

[0195] Three-dimensional particle image velocimetry system (PIV)

[0196] Distributed strain measurement network (100 measuring points)

[0197] The test data results are shown in Table 1:

[0198] Table 1

[0199]

[0200] Note: RT-2020 suffered structural failure under extreme working conditions, and the data is missing.

[0201] The dynamic response test data are shown in Table 2:

[0202] Table 2

[0203] Test item Recovery time of FT-2023 (s) Recovery time of HC-2021 (s) Recovery time of RT-2020 (s) Regular wave, H = 0.8 m 1.7 3.2 4.1 Regular wave, H = 1.2 m 2.1 4.3 5.8 Irregular wave, level 4 2.3 4.7 6.2 Extreme working condition 3.8 7.1 -

[0204] Note: The recovery time is defined as the time required to recover from the maximum inclination angle to within 5°.

[0205] 1. Data source:

[0206] The inclination recovery time was measured by a high-speed camera (1000fps) combined with motion analysis software;

[0207] 2.3 seconds is the average value of 10 irregular wave tests (standard deviation ±0.4s);

[0208] 2. Technical principle:

[0209] The quick recovery benefits from the dynamic adjustment of the counterweight:

[0210]

[0211] Among them, the recovery time represents the time required to recover from the maximum inclination angle to within 5°;

[0212] GM represents the initial metacentric height (1.25m in the present invention), that is, the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the floating body to the center of buoyancy, and the unit is meter (m);

[0213] k represents the control system response coefficient, which is a dimensionless coefficient and reflects the response speed of the control system to the motion of the floating body.

[0214] This formula describes the relationship between the time required for a floating body to return from the maximum inclination angle to the stable state after being affected by waves, the initial metacentric height, and the response coefficient of the control system.

[0215] The larger the initial metacentric height GM, the better the stability of the floating body and the shorter the recovery time.

[0216] The larger the response coefficient k of the control system, the faster the control system responds to the movement of the floating body and the shorter the recovery time. In the present invention, by dynamically adjusting the position of the counterweight, the optimization of the response coefficient k of the control system is achieved, thereby shortening the recovery time.

[0217] 3. Comparative verification is shown in Table 3:

[0218] Table 3

[0219] System type Recovery time (s) Delay multiple compared with FT-2023 Analysis of technical defects FT-2023 2.3 - Precise counterweight control algorithm HC-2021 4.7 2.04 Only static counterweight, no dynamic adjustment RT-2020 6.2 2.70 Rigid connection causes energy rebound

[0220] 4. The present invention is achieved through the formula L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T:

[0221] When the wave height (H↑) is large, the counterweight is moved outward (maximum displacement 0.28m) to increase the restoring moment;

[0222] When the wave period (T↑) is long, the counterweight is moved inward (minimum displacement 0.12m) to suppress resonance;

[0223] 5. Supplementary test evidence:

[0224] Under the simulated gust condition (wind speed 18m / s):

[0225] The recovery time of FT-2023 is 2.8s

[0226] The control system HC-2021 is 5.3s, and RT-2020 did not complete the test due to structural damage.

[0227] In summary, the test data shows that the floating buoy array of the present invention exhibits significant advantages in terms of wave stability performance. In the regular wave test, when the wave height is 1.2m, the maximum displacement of the FT-2023 type is 0.183m, which is 48% lower than that of the HC-2021 type and 60.8% lower than that of the RT-2020 type. This advantage stems from the synergistic effect of three innovative designs: First, the 28 - 32° adjustable flow splitter attenuates the wave energy by 47.2%, and the PIV test shows that the peak vorticity behind the flow splitter is reduced by 63%; Second, the 5.7° chamfer structure controls the turbulence intensity of the transmitted wave at 12.3%, which is 34.7% lower than that of the right-angle floating buoy; Finally, the connection system with stiffness matching effectively suppresses resonance, and the frequency response curve shows that the vibration acceleration is reduced by 55% in the dangerous frequency band of 0.15 - 0.35Hz.

[0228] In terms of dynamic response characteristics, the inclination recovery time of FT-2023 under 4th-level irregular waves is only 2.3 seconds, which is 1.8 - 2.5 times faster than the control system. This is mainly due to the precise execution of the counterweight control algorithm. The measured position error of the counterweight block is ±0.047 m, meeting the calculation requirements of L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T. Notably, when long-period waves with T > 6 s appear, the traditional system shows significant resonance (the displacement of HC-2021 increases by 82%), while the present invention controls the displacement increase within 29% through the counterweight retraction strategy (L decreases by 0.28 m).

[0229] The structural reliability data is equally outstanding. The stress test of the connectors shows that the maximum stress of FT-2023 under extreme working conditions is 54 MPa, which is only 31% of the material yield strength, with sufficient safety margins. After 2 million fatigue tests, the stiffness attenuation of the rubber buffer is < 8%, far exceeding the requirements of the ISO 6943 standard. Compared with the maintenance cycle of the commercial system, the 36-month interval of the present invention demonstrates the durability advantage of the overall design.

[0230] In the power generation performance test, the daily power generation of 182 kWh is increased by 15.9 - 37.9% compared with the control system. The energy efficiency improvement mainly comes from two aspects: one is that the platform stability increases the actual light-receiving time of the photovoltaic modules by 23%; the other is that the water-cooling effect of the chamfer structure reduces the battery operating temperature by 14°C and increases the conversion efficiency by 2.1 percentage points.

[0231] This embodiment verifies three core innovations of the invention content: 1) the collaborative energy dissipation mechanism of the hierarchical wave control system; 2) the dynamic response optimization of the stiffness-matching connection mechanism; 3) the comprehensive performance improvement brought by the adaptability design of hydraulic engineering. The error between the test data and the theoretical prediction is < 9%, confirming the feasibility and advancement of the technical solution.

[0232] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects, characterized in that: include: A plurality of modular buoy units (1), each buoy unit (1) is a cubic structure made of high molecular polyethylene material, with a size of 500 mm×500 mm×400 mm, and a steel beam base (2) is provided on the top, and a solar cell panel (10) is provided on the steel beam base (2); A buoy connection mechanism, comprising a connecting rod (3) and a rubber buffer (4), allowing a relative displacement of ±5 cm between adjacent buoy units (1); the connecting rod (3) is a metal rod with an axial stiffness of ≥50 kN / mm; the buoy units (1) are arranged in a honeycomb structure, each row comprising 15-20 buoy units, adjacent rows of buoy units are staggered, and the row spacing is 0.6±0.1 times the side length of the buoy; the connecting rod (3) is arranged on the side walls of adjacent buoy units (1) in the same row, and the two connecting rods (3) are connected by a rubber buffer (4) to absorb high-frequency vibration, and the pre-compression amount of the rubber buffer (4) is 10±2% of the free height; the adjacent buoy units (1) in the front and rear rows are connected by a universal joint connector; A wave diversion system, comprising an inclined wave diversion plate (5) arranged at the periphery of a buoy unit (1) array, the wave diversion plate (5) and the edge of the buoy unit form an angle of 28-32 degrees, the height is 1 / 3 of the side length of the buoy unit, and the surface of the wave diversion plate (5) is provided with a wave-shaped groove (501) with a depth of 10 mm; An anchoring system, comprising anchor points and elastic anchor chains (6) arranged at diagonal positions of a plurality of modular buoy units, wherein the elastic modulus of the anchor chain is selected according to the wave frequency of the water area; The wave monitoring system includes a wave sensor for measuring the wave height H, wave period T and main wave direction α of the water area in real time, a data acquisition module for converting the sensor signal into digital quantity and transmitting it to the control unit, a control algorithm module for calculating the diverter plate angle θ, the counterweight position L, the anchor chain pretension, and an actuator interface.

2. The buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The buoy unit (1) is configured as a square monomer, and an independent steel beam base (2) is provided on the top of each buoy unit. A reinforcing rib is provided at the connection between the steel beam base (2) and the buoy unit (1) body, and the thickness of the rib is 1.5-2 times the thickness of the buoy wall; The connecting rod (3) is made of Q355B steel hollow tube with an outer diameter of 30 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm; The free height of the rubber buffer (4) is 80±2 mm, and the height after pre-compression is 72±1 mm; The four vertical corners on the upper surface of the buoy unit are chamfered at 5-6°, the chamfer cutting width is 40±2mm, the four corners of the bottom surface are kept at right angles, and the sides of the buoy unit (1) are provided with stainless steel connecting ear seats (7) with threaded holes; The wave splitter plate (5) is arranged on the outer side of the outermost buoy unit (1), and the wave splitter plate (5) has an adjustable inclination angle within a range of 28-32 degrees. Three adjustment holes (502) arranged in an arc shape are provided on the flange plate at the back of the wave splitter plate (5), and the connecting ear seat (7) is fixedly connected to the adjustment hole (502) by bolts; The adjustment angle at the start point of the adjustment hole (502) is 28°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.78; the adjustment angle at the midpoint of the adjustment hole (502) is 30°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.72; the adjustment angle at the end point of the adjustment hole (502) is 32°, and the water resistance coefficient is 0.

81.

3. The buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The Shore hardness of the rubber buffer (4) satisfies H=50+10V, tested based on GB / T531.1-2019 standard; Where V is the annual average wave height in the water area, in meters; The universal joint connector comprises a horizontal section (701) arranged on the front and rear adjacent side walls of the buoy unit (1) and an oblique section (702) connecting the two front and rear horizontal sections (701); two cross shafts arranged orthogonally are arranged at the connection between the horizontal section (701) and the oblique section (702); a needle bearing with a sealing ring is arranged at the end of each shaft; the oblique section (702) and the horizontal section (701) form an angle of 30°±0.5°; a bearing seat (703) is arranged at the connection between the horizontal section (701) and the side wall of the buoy unit (1); The cross shaft diameter is 25mm and the bearing radial clearance is 0.02-0.05mm.

4. The buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The angle α between the orientation of the wave splitter plate (5) and the main wave direction satisfies: θ=60°-0.5α.

5. The buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The anchoring system comprises at least four anchor points, which are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the buoy unit (1) array.

6. The buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 5, characterized in that: A counterweight block is arranged at the lower part of the buoy unit (1), the counterweight block is pushed by an electric push rod, a guide groove is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the buoy unit, the counterweight block is slidably connected to the guide groove, and waterproof sealing rings are arranged at both ends of the guide groove; The built-in cable powers the electric actuator, and the control signal comes from the wave monitoring system; The guide groove is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant bushing with a friction coefficient of ≤0.

1.

7. A wave stability control method for a buoy array solar power generation platform for a water conservancy project according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, primary control: Measure the main wave direction α in the water area and adjust the wave diverter angle θ = 60°-0.5α; S2, secondary control: According to the average wave height H and wave period T of the water area, adjust the position of the counterweight block L = 0.2 + 0.3H - 0.1T, the unit is m; Where H is the average wave height in the water area, in meters; T is the wave period, in seconds; H is the distance between the counterweight and the center of the buoy, in meters; The moving speed of the counterweight is ≤0.1m / s to prevent water hammer effect; The wave sensor measures H and T, calculates the target position L, and pushes the counterweight block through the electric push rod; the counterweight block moves to L and locks, thereby changing the center of gravity of the buoy and suppressing roll or pitch; The outward movement of the counterweight increases L, thereby resisting the overturning moment caused by the high wave height H; The counterweight is retracted to reduce L1, thereby optimizing the low-frequency sway under long-period T waves; S3, Final Control: Set the anchor chain pre-tension to 15-20% of the breaking strength. When the wave frequency is ≥ 0.5Hz, increase the pre-tension by 2% every quarter to compensate for relaxation. The pre-tension adjustment accuracy is controlled within the range of ±1% breaking strength.

8. The wave stability control method of the buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When the wave frequency in the water area is less than 0.5Hz, use an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 3GPa; When the wave frequency in the water area is ≥0.5Hz, an anchor chain with an elastic modulus of 1.5GPa should be selected.

9. The wave stability control method of the buoy array solar power generation platform for water conservancy projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjustment accuracy of the counterweight is controlled within the range of ±0.05m; The mass of the counterweight accounts for 15-20% of the total mass of the single buoy.

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