A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method

Abstract

The application relates to a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method, belonging to the technical field of ship auxiliary machines, which comprises a safety cabin unit, an air inlet duct unit, an air outlet duct unit, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit and a positive and negative pressure control unit, the air inlet duct unit is used for introducing air in an external atmospheric environment, processing the air and then delivering the air to the safety cabin unit, and the air outlet duct unit is used for discharging air in the safety cabin unit to the external atmospheric environment; the positive and negative pressure pipeline unit comprises a first positive pressure environment control branch connected with the air inlet duct unit and a second negative pressure environment control branch connected with the air outlet duct unit, so that the positive pressure or negative pressure environment of the safety cabin unit can be maintained in special cases. The application can utilize high-pressure gas as a backup power source to drive the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system, and is favorable for guaranteeing that the safety cabin unit maintains a set positive pressure or negative pressure pressure gradient control.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method, and belongs to the technical field of ship auxiliary machines. BACKGROUND

[0002] Special-purpose ships such as ocean cruise ships, large medical rescue ships and multi-functional scientific research ships for sea navigation operations are usually provided with independent medical isolation negative pressure cabin areas for receiving, accommodating, isolating and treating crew members with abnormal physical conditions, because of the harsh sea environment and long navigation operation time. These cabin areas usually need to be kept at a certain negative pressure relative to adjacent living cabin areas to avoid the spread of germs through the air to other ship cabin areas, thereby causing large-scale cluster infection events. At present, the conventional technical solution for the above-mentioned medical isolation negative pressure cabin areas is to configure one or several independent mechanical ventilation systems, use air-tight air ducts to transport air, set natural air inlets, exhaust fans and mechanical exhaust outlets, and realize the negative pressure gradient guarantee and control of the above-mentioned areas, while the cabin environment temperature and humidity are adjusted by independent air conditioning systems.

[0003] Special-purpose ships such as oil and gas drilling ships, new energy power ships, emergency fire rescue ships, refrigerated cargo transport ships and ocean fishing ships for sea navigation operations usually have a large amount of volatile, flammable and explosive hazardous gases around the ship air environment or equipment room. In order to protect the safety of the crew and the ship, it is necessary to set up a safe cabin area and maintain a certain positive pressure gradient relative to the outside atmosphere or dangerous area to prevent hazardous gases from entering. At present, the conventional technical solution for the above-mentioned safe cabin area positive pressure control is usually to configure one or several independent mechanical ventilation systems, use air-tight air ducts to transport air, set mechanical air inlets, air supply fans and natural exhaust outlets, realize the positive pressure gradient guarantee and control of the above-mentioned areas, and usually set independent air conditioning systems to regulate the cabin environment temperature and humidity.

[0004] During the implementation of the conventional technical solution, once the exhaust fan fails or the ship loses power, the mechanical ventilation system will immediately fail, the positive and negative pressure gradient control of the area will immediately fail, and the control of the cabin environment temperature and humidity will immediately fail. In the existing literature, the technical solution is to increase the standby power supply and redundant exhaust fan of the system, which can avoid the single-point failure of the fan and the failure of the main power supply to a certain extent, thereby ensuring the control of the positive and negative pressure gradient of the area and the control of the cabin environment temperature and humidity. During the implementation of the above-mentioned improved technical solution, the ship power supply is highly dependent, and when the ship is in an emergency condition, the power supply is limited or the whole ship loses power, the exhaust fan and the independent air conditioning function are limited, which may cause the cabin environment temperature to be out of control, the positive and negative pressure gradient of the area to be out of control, and it is difficult to meet the higher level of actual use demand of the ship. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method, which can maintain safe cabin pressure and temperature by using high-pressure gas to drive the positive and negative pressure environment control system when the ship power or ventilation system fails, thereby meeting the needs of special ships.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application provides a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system, which comprises a safe cabin unit, an air inlet duct unit, an air outlet duct unit, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit, and a positive and negative pressure control unit. The air inlet duct unit is used to introduce and transport air in the external atmospheric environment to the safe cabin unit after processing, and the air outlet duct unit is used to discharge air in the safe cabin unit to the external atmospheric environment. The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit comprises a first positive pressure environment control branch connected to the air inlet duct unit and a second negative pressure environment control branch connected to the air outlet duct unit, so as to maintain a positive pressure or negative pressure environment in the safe cabin unit in special cases.

[0007] Preferably, the air inlet duct unit comprises a check valve, a first air supply air booster, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a second air supply air booster, and a first air supply device connected in sequence; and the air outlet duct unit comprises an air outlet device, a first air outlet air booster, and a second air outlet air booster connected in sequence.

[0008] Preferably, the first positive pressure environment control branch comprises a first gas distribution valve connected to the first air supply air booster, a first gas release valve connected to the first gas distribution valve, a first gas storage device connected to the first gas release valve, and a first refrigeration device connected to the first heat exchanger and the first gas distribution valve, and the first gas storage device is provided with a gas that can be breathed by a human body.

[0009] The second negative pressure environment control branch comprises a second gas distribution valve connected to the first air outlet air booster, a second gas release valve connected to the second gas distribution valve, a second gas storage device connected to the second gas release valve, and a second refrigeration device connected to the second gas distribution valve and the second heat exchanger, and the second gas storage device is provided with a non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

[0010] Preferably, the positive and negative pressure control unit comprises a central controller and a signal processor, which are used to control the operation of the whole system. The central controller is connected to the signal processor through an electrical signal, and the signal processor is further connected to each device in the system.

[0011] Preferably, the positive and negative pressure pipeline unit further comprises a third positive pressure control branch, the third positive pressure control branch comprising a second air supply device and a third air supply device arranged in the safety cabin unit, a third refrigerating device connected to the second air supply device, a third gas distribution valve connected to the third air supply device and the third refrigerating device, a third gas release valve connected to the third gas distribution valve, and a third gas storage device connected to the third gas release valve, the third gas storage device being provided with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

[0012] Preferably, the gas in the first gas storage device is compressed air or oxygen; the gas in the second gas storage device is carbon dioxide; and the gas in the third gas storage device is nitrogen.

[0013] The technical scheme of the present application further provides a ship cabin positive and negative pressure control method, comprising a ship cabin positive pressure control method and a ship cabin negative pressure control method.

[0014] The ship cabin positive pressure control method comprises the following step Z1: when the ship is normally running, power is supplied by a main generator, a berthing generator and an emergency generator, the central controller controls the first air supply air booster of the air inlet duct unit to be turned on, and the remaining devices are on standby, mechanical air supply is performed to the safety cabin unit, and natural air exhaust is performed by the air exhaust device, so as to maintain the cabin positive pressure gradient.

[0015] The ship cabin negative pressure control method comprises the following step F1: when the ship is normally running, power is supplied by a main generator, a berthing generator and an emergency generator, the central controller controls the second air exhaust air booster of the air exhaust duct unit to be turned on, and the remaining devices are on standby, mechanical air exhaust is performed by the air exhaust device, and natural air supply is performed, so as to maintain the cabin negative pressure gradient.

[0016] Preferably, the ship cabin positive pressure control method comprises the following step Z2: when the ship power system or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller controls the first positive pressure control branch, the second negative pressure control branch and the third positive pressure control branch to be sequentially turned on and turned off, and the gas released by the gas storage device is used to maintain the cabin positive pressure gradient.

[0017] The ship cabin negative pressure control method comprises the following step F2: when the ship power system or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the central controller controls the first positive pressure control branch L1 and the second negative pressure control branch L2 to be sequentially turned on and turned off, and the gas released by the gas storage device is used to maintain the cabin negative pressure gradient.

[0018] Preferably, the ship cabin positive pressure control method comprises the following step Z3: on the basis of step Z2, according to the cabin temperature requirement, the corresponding refrigerating device and gas distribution valve are controlled, so as to maintain the cabin environment temperature.

[0019] The ship cabin negative pressure environment control method comprises the following steps: F3: on the basis of step F2, according to the cabin temperature demand, the cabin environment temperature is maintained by controlling the corresponding refrigerators and gas distribution valves.

[0020] Preferably, in step Z1, the first supply air booster adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan; in step Z2, the first supply air booster adopts a pneumatic turbine fan; and in step F1, the first exhaust air booster adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan.

[0021] The application has the advantages that when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical ventilation system fails, the high-pressure gas can be used as a backup power source to drive the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system, the redundancy of the system is improved, the safety cabin unit can maintain the set positive or negative pressure gradient control under emergency or emergency conditions, and the safety cabin unit can also maintain the set environment temperature value, meeting the higher level use requirements of special purpose ships such as ocean-going passenger and roll ships, large medical rescue ships, multi-functional scientific research ships, oil and gas drilling ships, new energy power ships, emergency fire rescue ships, cold storage cargo transport ships, and ocean-going fishing ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system of the embodiment of the application is shown in the accompanying drawings;

[0023] Figure 2 The ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system of the embodiment of the application is shown in the accompanying drawings;

[0024] Figure 3 The ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system of the embodiment of the application is shown in the accompanying drawings;

[0025] Figure 4 The ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system of the embodiment of the application is shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Reference signs: 100, air inlet duct unit; 101, non-return air valve; 102, first air supply air booster; 103, first heat exchanger; 104, second heat exchanger; 105, second air supply air booster; 106, first air supply device; 200, air exhaust duct unit; 201, air exhaust device; 202, first air exhaust air booster; 203, second air exhaust air booster; 300, positive and negative pressure pipeline unit; 301, first gas reservoir; 302, second gas reservoir; 303, third gas reservoir; 304, first gas release valve; 305, second gas release valve; 306, third gas release valve; 307, first gas distribution valve; 308, second gas distribution valve; 309, third gas distribution valve; 310, first refrigeration device; 311, second refrigeration device; 312, third refrigeration device; 313, second air supply device; 314, third air supply device; 400, positive and negative pressure control unit; 401, central controller; 402, signal processor; 403, first sensor; 404, second sensor; 500, safety cabin unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] The present application provides a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environmental control system, which comprises an air inlet duct unit 100, an air exhaust duct unit 200, a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit 300, a positive and negative pressure control unit 400, and a safety cabin unit 500. The safety cabin unit 500 is a special cabin on the ship for personnel refuge or important equipment storage, and its internal environment needs to be strictly controlled. The air inlet duct unit 100 and the air exhaust duct unit 200 are connected with the safety cabin unit 500, ensuring that the atmospheric environment in the cabin can maintain a positive or negative pressure gradient according to the needs, and the environmental temperature can be controlled when necessary.

[0029] The air inlet duct unit 100 comprises a non-return air valve 101, a first air supply air booster 102, a first heat exchanger 103, a second heat exchanger 104, a second air supply air booster 105, and a first air supply device 106 connected in sequence. The main function of this unit is to introduce the air in the safe area of the external atmospheric environment and deliver it to the safety cabin unit 500 after a series of treatments. In normal operation, the air supply volume is adjusted by frequency conversion to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the cabin.

[0030] The exhaust air duct unit 200 comprises an exhaust fan 201, a first exhaust air booster 202 and a second exhaust air booster 203 connected in sequence. Its main function is to exhaust the air in the safety cabin unit 500 to the outside atmosphere. In normal operation, the exhaust air volume is adjusted by frequency conversion to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the cabin.

[0031] The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit 300 comprises a first positive pressure control branch L1, a second negative pressure control branch L2 and a third positive pressure control branch L3.

[0032] The first gas reservoir 301 of the first positive pressure control branch L1 is connected to the first gas release valve 304, the first gas release valve 304 is connected to the first gas distribution valve 307, one way of the first gas distribution valve 307 is connected to the first supply air booster 102, and the other way is connected to the first cooler 310, and the first cooler 310 is connected to the first heat exchanger 103. The first supply air booster 102 and the first heat exchanger 103 are connected to the outside atmosphere. The gas in the first gas reservoir 301 is compressed air for human respiration, preferably oxygen.

[0033] The second gas reservoir 302 of the second negative pressure control branch L2 is connected to the second gas release valve 305, the second gas release valve 305 is connected to the second gas distribution valve 308, one way of the second gas distribution valve 308 is connected to the first exhaust air booster 202, and the other way is connected to the second cooler 311, and the second cooler 311 is connected to the second heat exchanger 104. The second heat exchanger 104 and the first exhaust air booster 202 are connected to the outside atmosphere. The gas in the second gas reservoir 302 is non-flammable and non-toxic gas, more preferably carbon dioxide.

[0034] The third gas reservoir 303 of the third positive pressure control branch L3 is connected to the third gas release valve 306, the third gas release valve 306 is connected to the third gas distribution valve 309, one way of the third gas distribution valve 309 is connected to the third supply fan 314, and the other way is connected to the third cooler 312, and the third cooler 312 is connected to the second supply fan 313. The gas in the third gas reservoir 303 is non-flammable and non-toxic gas, more preferably nitrogen.

[0035] The positive and negative pressure control unit 400 is the control core of the whole system, including a central controller 401 and a signal processor 402. The central controller 401 is connected with the signal processor 402 through an electrical signal, and the signal processor 402 is connected with the first sensor 403, the second sensor 404 and each device of the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system through an electrical signal. Among them, the first sensor 403 is arranged near the first air feeder 106, and the second sensor 404 is arranged near the second air feeder 313, which is used to monitor the environmental parameters in real time and feed back the data to the central controller 401, so as to realize the accurate control of the system.

[0036] The technical scheme of the application also provides a ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control method, which includes the following two aspects:

[0037] I. Ship cabin positive pressure environment control method

[0038] The first step Z1: when the ship is running normally, the conventional mechanical air supply system is started alone to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the atmospheric environment of the ship cabin under normal circumstances. At this time, the ship is powered by the main generator, the berthing generator and the emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the first air feeder air booster 102 of the air inlet duct unit 100 to be started, and the remaining system devices are in standby and closed state, mechanically air feeds the safety cabin unit 500, adjusts the air supply volume through frequency conversion, and discharges the cabin air to the atmospheric environment through the air exhaust device 201 to maintain the cabin positive pressure gradient.

[0039] Further, the first air feeder air booster 102 adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan, and the minimum air exchange frequency, the minimum ventilation air volume and the pressure gradient index of the safety cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of the ship classification society specification guide, laws and regulations and technical specifications.

[0040] The second step Z2: when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system is started to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the cabin atmospheric environment under special circumstances. At this time, the ship cannot be powered by the conventional main generator, berthing generator and emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the first positive pressure control branch L1, the second negative pressure control branch L2 and the third positive pressure control branch L3 to be started and stopped in order.

[0041] Specifically, the first gas storage device 301 and the first gas release valve 304 are opened, the first gas distribution valve 307 is connected with the pipeline of the first air feeder air booster 102 to be opened, the first air feeder air booster 102 supplies clean and fresh outside air to the safety cabin unit 500 through the air inlet duct unit 100, and the air in the cabin is naturally discharged from the safety cabin unit 500 through the air exhaust duct unit 200.

[0042] Further, the first air supply booster 102 adopts a pneumatic turbine fan, and the minimum air exchange frequency, the minimum ventilation air volume, the pressure gradient index, and the like of the safe cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of the ship classification society regulation guide, laws and regulations, and technical specifications.

[0043] The third step Z3: when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environmental control system is started, and the cabin atmospheric environment positive pressure gradient and the environmental temperature are maintained under special circumstances. Specifically, on the basis of the second step, the cabin atmospheric environment temperature control is performed.

[0044] If the cabin needs to be cooled, the central controller 401 controls the first gas distribution valve 307 to connect the pipeline of the first refrigeration device 310 to be opened, and the first refrigeration device 310 realizes the environmental temperature maintenance of the safe cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403. In addition, the central controller 401 controls the third gas storage device 303, the third gas release valve 306 air, and the third gas distribution valve 309 to connect the pipeline of the third refrigeration device 312 to be opened, and the third refrigeration device 312 realizes the environmental temperature maintenance of the safe cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the second sensor 404.

[0045] If the cabin needs to be cooled, the central controller 401 controls the second gas storage device 302, the second gas release valve 305 to be opened, and the second gas distribution valve 308 to connect the pipeline of the second refrigeration device 311 to be opened. The second refrigeration device 311 realizes the environmental temperature maintenance of the safe cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0046] II. Ship cabin negative pressure environmental control method

[0047] The first step F1: when the ship is running normally, the conventional mechanical exhaust system is started alone, and the atmospheric environment negative pressure gradient of the ship cabin is maintained under normal circumstances. At this time, the ship is powered by the main generator, the mooring generator, and the emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the second exhaust air booster 203 of the exhaust air duct unit 200 to be opened, and the remaining system devices are in standby and closed state. The cabin is naturally supplemented by the first air supply device 106, and the exhaust air volume is adjusted by frequency conversion. The atmospheric mechanical exhaust of the safe cabin unit 500 is discharged to the atmospheric environment by the exhaust device 201, and the cabin negative pressure gradient is maintained.

[0048] Further, the first exhaust air booster 202 adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan, and the minimum air exchange frequency, the minimum ventilation air volume, the pressure gradient index, and the like of the safe cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of the ship classification society regulation guide, laws and regulations, and technical specifications.

[0049] The second step F2: when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system is started, and the cabin atmospheric environment negative pressure gradient is maintained in special circumstances. At this time, the ship cannot be powered by the conventional main generator, the berth generator, and the emergency generator. The central controller 401 controls the orderly opening and closing of the first positive pressure environment control branch L1 and the second negative pressure environment control branch L2.

[0050] Specifically, the central controller 401 controls the second gas reservoir 302 and the second gas release valve 305 to be opened, the second gas distribution valve 308 to be connected to the pipeline of the first exhaust air booster 202 to be opened, and the first exhaust air booster 202 of the exhaust air duct unit 200 to mechanically exhaust the air in the safety cabin unit 500. The air inlet duct unit 100 performs natural air replenishment of the safety cabin unit 500 to clean and fresh air.

[0051] Further, the first exhaust air booster 202 adopts a pneumatic turbine fan, and the minimum air exchange frequency, the minimum ventilation air volume, and the pressure gradient index of the safety cabin unit 500 are determined according to the requirements of the ship classification society specification guide, laws and regulations, and technical specifications.

[0052] The third step F3: when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical air supply system fails, the ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system is started, and the cabin atmospheric environment negative pressure gradient and the environmental temperature are maintained in special circumstances. Specifically, on the basis of the second step, the cabin atmospheric environment temperature is controlled.

[0053] If the cabin needs to be cooled, the central controller 401 controls the first gas reservoir 301 and the first gas release valve 304 to be opened, the first gas distribution valve 307 to be connected to the pipeline of the first cooler 310 to be opened, and the first cooler 310 to maintain the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0054] If the cabin needs to be heated, the central controller 401 controls the second gas distribution valve 308 to be connected to the pipeline of the second cooler 311 to be opened, and the second cooler 311 to maintain the environmental temperature of the safety cabin unit 500 according to the temperature feedback of the first sensor 403.

[0055] The ship cabin positive and negative pressure environment control system and method can maintain the set pressure gradient control and environmental temperature control of the safety cabin unit 500 when the ship power system fails or the conventional mechanical ventilation system fails, thereby meeting the higher level of actual use requirements of the cabin environment of the ship under various operating conditions, and providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the ship and the safety of personnel.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalent features, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A positive and negative pressure environmental control system for ship cabins, characterized in that, The system includes a safety compartment unit (500), an air inlet duct unit (100), an air outlet duct unit (200), a positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300), and a positive and negative pressure control unit (400). The air inlet duct unit (100) is used to introduce and process air from the outside atmosphere and then deliver it to the safety compartment unit (500). The air outlet duct unit (200) is used to exhaust the air inside the safety compartment unit (500) to the outside atmosphere. The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300) includes a first positive pressure loop control branch connected to the air inlet duct unit (100) and a second negative pressure loop control branch connected to the air outlet duct unit (200) to maintain a positive or negative pressure environment in the safety compartment unit (500) under special circumstances. The air inlet duct unit (100) includes a check valve (101), a first air supply booster (102), a first heat exchanger (103), a second heat exchanger (104), a second air supply booster (105), and a first air supply device (106) connected in sequence; the air outlet duct unit (200) includes an exhaust device (201), a first exhaust air booster (202), and a second exhaust air booster (203) connected in sequence. The first positive pressure ring control branch includes a first gas distribution valve (307) connected to the first air supply booster (102), a first gas release valve (304) connected to the first gas distribution valve (307), a first gas storage tank (301) connected to the first gas release valve (304), and a first refrigerator (310) connected to the first heat exchanger (103) and the first gas distribution valve (307). The first gas storage tank (301) is provided with gas that can be breathed by the human body. The second negative pressure ring control branch includes a second gas distribution valve (308) connected to the first exhaust air booster (202), a second gas release valve (305) connected to the second gas distribution valve (308), a second gas storage tank (302) connected to the second gas release valve (305), and a second refrigerator (311) connected to the second gas distribution valve (308) and the second heat exchanger (104). The second gas storage tank (302) is equipped with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

2. The ship compartment positive and negative pressure environmental control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive and negative pressure control unit (400) includes a central controller (401) and a signal processor (402) for controlling the operation of the entire system. The central controller (401) is connected to the signal processor (402) via an electrical signal, and the signal processor (402) is then connected to various devices in the system.

3. The ship compartment positive and negative pressure environmental control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positive and negative pressure pipeline unit (300) further includes a third positive pressure ring control branch, which includes a second air supply unit (313) and a third air supply unit (314) located in the safety compartment unit (500), a third cooler (312) connected to the second air supply unit (313), a third gas distribution valve (309) connected to the third air supply unit (314) and the third cooler (312), a third gas release valve (306) connected to the third gas distribution valve (309), and a third gas storage unit (303) connected to the third gas release valve (306). The third gas storage unit (303) is equipped with non-flammable and non-toxic gas.

4. A ship cabin positive and negative pressure environmental control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas in the first gas storage device (301) is compressed air or oxygen; the gas in the second gas storage device (302) is carbon dioxide; and the gas in the third gas storage device (303) is nitrogen.

5. A method using the positive and negative pressure environmental control system for ship compartments as described in claim 4, characterized in that, This includes positive pressure control methods for ship compartments and negative pressure control methods for ship compartments; The positive pressure control method for ship compartments includes step Z1: When the ship is running normally, it is powered by the main generator, the mooring generator and the emergency generator. The central controller (401) controls the first air supply booster (102) of the air intake duct unit (100) to open, and the other equipment is on standby. It mechanically supplies air to the safety compartment unit (500) and exhausts it naturally through the exhaust fan (201) to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the compartment. The method for controlling negative pressure in ship cabins includes step F1: When the ship is running normally, it is powered by the main generator, the mooring generator and the emergency generator. The central controller (401) controls the second exhaust air booster (203) of the exhaust duct unit (200) to open. The other equipment is on standby. The exhaust fan (201) mechanically exhausts air and naturally replenishes air to maintain the negative pressure gradient in the cabin.

6. The method for positive and negative pressure environmental control of ship compartments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positive pressure control method for ship compartments includes step Z2: when the ship's electrical system or conventional mechanical ventilation system fails, the central controller (401) controls the first positive pressure control branch, the second negative pressure control branch, and the third positive pressure control branch to open and close in an orderly manner, and uses the gas released from the gas storage device to maintain the positive pressure gradient of the compartment; The negative pressure control method for ship compartments includes step F2: when the ship's electrical system or conventional mechanical ventilation system fails, the central controller (401) controls the first positive pressure control branch L1 and the second negative pressure control branch L2 to open and close in an orderly manner, and uses the gas released from the gas storage device to maintain the negative pressure gradient of the compartment.

7. A method for positive and negative pressure environmental control of ship compartments according to claim 6, characterized in that, The positive pressure environmental control method for ship compartments includes step Z3: Based on step Z2, according to the compartment temperature requirements, the corresponding coolers and gas distribution valves are controlled to maintain the compartment ambient temperature; The negative pressure environmental control method for ship cabins includes step F3: Based on step F2, according to the cabin temperature requirements, the cabin ambient temperature is maintained by controlling the corresponding refrigerators and gas distribution valves.

8. A method for positive and negative pressure environmental control of ship compartments according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step Z1, the first supply air booster (102) adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan; in step Z2, the first supply air booster (102) adopts an aerodynamic turbine fan; in step F1, the first exhaust air booster (202) adopts a variable frequency axial flow fan.

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