Fish protein functional biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof
By using fish proteolytic solution and combining suspension agent and nitrogen-containing coating, the problem of unstable fish protein biofertilizer during storage is solved, and its storage and application cycles are extended and fertilizer efficiency is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510303730.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
Fish protein biological fertilizer is prone to instability during storage, which makes it difficult to store.
Fish proteolytic solution is used as the main component and its suspension stability and storage stability are enhanced by adding suspension agents and nitrogen-containing coatings such as polyethyleneimine and urea.
It extends the storage and application cycle of fish protein functional biological fertilizer, improves its fertilizer efficiency in crops, and ensures the stability of the active ingredients of biological fertilizers during storage and application.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and more specifically, it relates to a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the development of agriculture, while the yield of crops has increased, the replenishment of soil nutrients has also attracted attention. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can quickly supplement nutrients for the soil and crops, long-term use is likely to cause problems such as soil compaction and pollution. Organic fertilizers obtained by reprocessing natural raw materials, such as animals, plants, and their waste, have high environmental friendliness and are gradually developed and valued.
[0003] The rapid development of technology has diversified marine products. During the processing process, a large amount of waste will be generated. For example, fish bones, fish skins, etc. contain a lot of protein and amino acids. The waste can be reprocessed to obtain fish protein bio-fertilizer and used as a bio-fertilizer. However, fish protein bio-fertilizer is prone to instability during storage, making storage difficult. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to rationally utilize marine amino acids and obtain a bio-fertilizer with high storage stability, this application provides a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
[0005] In the first aspect, this application provides a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, adopting the following technical solution: A fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 - 46 parts of fish protein hydrolysate, 2.58 - 5.15 parts suspending agent, 3.15 - 5.24 parts of nitrogen-containing coating material, and 20 - 30 parts of water. The nitrogen-containing coating material includes polyethyleneimine and urea.
[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the fish protein hydrolysate contains a lot of protein, amino acids, trace elements, and macro elements. As the main component of the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, it can provide rich nutrients for crops. The suspending agent can enhance the suspension stability of the active ingredients in the hydrolysate in the bio-fertilizer, making it not easy to settle. The product formed by the reaction of polyethyleneimine and urea is relatively stable, which can coat, separate, and protect the active ingredients in the fish protein hydrolysate, extend its storage period, and at the same time can be slowly decomposed after application to achieve the slow release of the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer and extend its release period.
[0007] Preferably, in the nitrogen-containing coating material, the mass ratio of polyethyleneimine to urea is (4.68 - 5.35):(0.89 - 1.21).
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, controlling the mass ratio of polyethyleneimine and urea enables more reactions of urea, reduces the decomposition and release of urea, and realizes the slow decomposition of the nitrogen-containing coating and the slow release of fish protein.
[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the fish protein hydrolysate includes the following steps: mixing fish with seaweed, adding water and crushing to a homogeneous slurry, and then adding a complex enzyme to the slurry and carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis at 40-45 °C for 5-6 h.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the fish can be selected from the waste materials of seafood processing, such as fish skin, fish bones, fish meat, etc. After mixing and crushing them with seaweed, a complex enzyme is added to decompose them, enabling the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins in fish and polysaccharides in seaweed, obtaining more small-molecular-weight nutrients, which are more conducive to the absorption and utilization by crops.
[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fish, seaweed and water is (1.35-1.68):(0.65-0.81):(6.58-7.21).
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, controlling the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water makes the crushed materials of fish and seaweed in the slurry evenly dispersed and with a moderate concentration, and at the same time makes the mass ratio of fish and seaweed suitable. The nutrients obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis cooperate with each other, improving the application effect of the fish protein hydrolysate.
[0013] Preferably, the addition amount of the complex enzyme is 0.15-0.18 wt% of the mass of the slurry.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, controlling the addition amount of the complex enzyme effectively controls the degree and amount of enzymatic hydrolysis of fish and seaweed, making the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis moderate and effectively improving the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein bio-fertilizer.
[0015] Preferably, the complex enzyme includes pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease with a mass ratio of (1.25-1.37):(2.15-2.84):(1.02-1.27).
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the complex enzyme formed by the combination of pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease has a good enzymatic hydrolysis effect on the mixture of fish and seaweed, and there is a synergistic effect among the three, with a good enzymatic hydrolysis effect.
[0017] Preferably, the suspending agent is chitosan-cured tannin microspheres.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the chitosan-cured tannin microspheres have a large specific surface area and good adsorption performance, and can adsorb and fix proteins, amino acids, etc. in the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, which is beneficial to improving the suspension stability of the effective components in the fish protein hydrolysate.
[0019] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, adopting the following technical solution: A preparation method of a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer includes the following steps: Mix polyethyleneimine and urea with a part of water, stir evenly at 100 °C, keep warm for 2 h and then cool to obtain a nitrogen-containing coating solution for standby. After mixing and dispersing evenly the fish protein hydrolysate, a suspending agent and the remaining water, add the nitrogen-containing coating solution and mix evenly to obtain the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, after the suspending agent is mixed with the fish protein hydrolysate, it can adsorb and fix the effective components in the hydrolysate, which is beneficial to improving the suspension stability of the effective components. After dissolving and reacting polyethyleneimine and urea, after adding the nitrogen-containing coating solution, the nitrogen-containing coating can coat, separate and protect the effective components and the suspending agent in the fish protein hydrolysate, and extend its storage period.
[0021] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Since the fish protein hydrolysate in the present application contains more proteins, amino acids, trace elements and macro elements, as the main component of the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer, it can provide rich nutrients for crops. The suspending agent can enhance the suspension stability of the effective components in the hydrolysate in the bio-fertilizer, making it not easy to settle. The product formed by the reaction of polyethyleneimine and urea is relatively stable, can coat, separate and protect the effective components in the fish protein hydrolysate, extend its storage period, and can be slowly decomposed after application to achieve the slow release of the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer and extend its release period.
[0022] 2. In the present application, by controlling the addition amount of the composite enzyme, the enzymatic hydrolysis degree and the amount of enzymatic hydrolysis of fish and seaweed are effectively controlled, so that the enzymatic hydrolysis degree is appropriate, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein bio-fertilizer is effectively improved.
[0023] 3. In the present application, by controlling the mass ratio of polyethyleneimine and urea, more urea can react, reducing the decomposition and release of urea, achieving the slow decomposition of the nitrogen-containing coating and the slow release of fish protein. Specific Embodiments
[0024] The following further details the present application with reference to embodiments.
[0025] Preparation Examples 1-8 of Fish Protein Hydrolysate Preparation Example 1 Preparation method of fish protease hydrolysate, comprising the following steps: mixing fish with seaweed, adding water and crushing to a homogeneous slurry state, the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water being 1.35:0.65:6.58, adding a composite enzyme to the slurry, the addition amount of the composite enzyme being 0.15 wt% of the mass of the slurry, the composite enzyme comprising pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in a mass ratio of 1.25:2.15:1.02, and enzymatically hydrolyzing at 40 °C for 6 h.
[0026] Preparation Example 2 Preparation method of fish protease hydrolysate, comprising the following steps: mixing fish with seaweed, adding water and crushing to a homogeneous slurry state, the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water being 1.68:0.81:7.21, adding a composite enzyme to the slurry, the addition amount of the composite enzyme being 0.18 wt% of the mass of the slurry, the composite enzyme comprising pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in a mass ratio of 1.37:2.84:1.27, and enzymatically hydrolyzing at 40 °C for 5 h.
[0027] Preparation Example 3 The difference between Preparation Example 3 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 3, the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water is 1.35:0.35:6.58.
[0028] Preparation Example 4 The difference between Preparation Example 4 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 4, the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water is 1.35:1.21:6.58.
[0029] Preparation Example 5 The difference between Preparation Example 5 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 5, the addition amount of the composite enzyme is 0.05 wt% of the mass of the slurry.
[0030] Preparation Example 6 The difference between Preparation Example 6 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 6, the addition amount of the composite enzyme is 0.68 wt% of the mass of the slurry.
[0031] Preparation Example 7 The difference between Preparation Example 7 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 7, the composite enzyme comprises pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in a mass ratio of 1.25:1.25:1.98.
[0032] Preparation Example 8 The difference between Preparation Example 8 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 8, the composite enzyme comprises pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in a mass ratio of 1.25:3.58:0.98.
[0033] Preparation examples of chitosan-cured tannin microspheres Preparation Example 9 Dissolve tannic acid in water to form a solution with a concentration of 0.05 g / mL. Take 100 mL of the solution, add 10 g of chitosan microspheres, react for 6 h, filter and wash, then add it to 300 mL of epichlorohydrin with a concentration of 0.06 mol / L, adjust the pH to 10, react for 1 h, then react in a water bath at 50 °C for 4 h, filter, wash, and dry to obtain chitosan-cured tannin microspheres. Example
[0034] Example 1 A fish protein functional bio-fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 kg of fish protein hydrolysate, 2.58 kg of suspending agent, 3.15 kg of nitrogen-containing coating, and 20 kg of water. The nitrogen-containing coating comprises polyethyleneimine and urea with a mass ratio of 4.68:0.89. The suspending agent is the chitosan-cured tannin microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 9, and the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 1.
[0035] The preparation method of the above fish protein functional bio-fertilizer comprises the following steps: Mix polyethyleneimine and urea with 10 kg of water, stir evenly at 100 °C and keep warm for 2 h, then cool to obtain a nitrogen-containing coating solution for standby. After mixing and dispersing evenly the fish protein hydrolysate, the suspending agent and the remaining water, add the nitrogen-containing coating solution and mix evenly to obtain the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer.
[0036] Example 2 A fish protein functional bio-fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 46 kg of fish protein hydrolysate, 5.15 kg of suspending agent, 5.24 kg of nitrogen-containing coating, and 30 kg of water. The nitrogen-containing coating comprises polyethyleneimine and urea with a mass ratio of 5.35:1.21. The suspending agent is the chitosan-cured tannin microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 9, and the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 2.
[0037] The preparation method of the above fish protein functional bio-fertilizer comprises the following steps: Mix polyethyleneimine and urea with 15 kg of water, stir evenly at 100 °C and keep warm for 2 h, then cool to obtain a nitrogen-containing coating solution for standby. After mixing and dispersing evenly the fish protein hydrolysate, the suspending agent and the remaining water, add the nitrogen-containing coating solution and mix evenly to obtain the fish protein functional bio-fertilizer.
[0038] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that in Example 3, the nitrogen-containing coating comprises polyethyleneimine and urea with a mass ratio of 4.68:0.54.
[0039] Example 4 Example 4 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 4, the nitrogen-containing coating includes polyethyleneimine and urea with a mass ratio of 4.68:1.98.
[0040] Example 5 Example 5 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 5, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 3.
[0041] Example 6 Example 6 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 6, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 4.
[0042] Example 7 Example 7 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 7, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 5.
[0043] Example 8 Example 8 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 8, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 6.
[0044] Example 9 Example 9 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 9, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 7.
[0045] Example 10 Example 10 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 10, the fish protein hydrolysate is the fish protein hydrolysate prepared in Preparation Example 8.
[0046] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 in that in Comparative Example 1, no suspending agent was added.
[0047] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 in that in Comparative Example 2, no nitrogen-containing coating was added.
[0048] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 is different from Example 1 in that in Comparative Example 3, an equal amount of urea was used instead of the nitrogen-containing coating.
[0049] Detection Method The fish protein functional bio-fertilizer was prepared according to the raw materials and methods of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-3. After standing and storing for 6 months, a small Chinese cabbage test field was selected for application. The dilution factor was 500 times, and the spraying amount was 20 kg / mu. After 8 weeks, the plant height of the small Chinese cabbage was measured, and the fresh weight of a single plant of the small Chinese cabbage was tested to be 26-32 g. The results were recorded in Table 1.
[0050] Table 1 Application Effects of Fish Protein Functional Biofertilizer Project Plant height / cm Fresh weight / g Example 1 19.92 31.94 Example 2 20.06 32.05 Example 3 17.12 28.61 Example 4 16.87 27.37 Example 5 17.56 28.38 Example 6 17.38 27.82 Example 7 15.94 26.98 Example 8 17.23 27.12 Example 9 17.37 28.01 Example 10 17.01 27.87 Comparative Example 1 14.32 24.32 Comparative Example 2 14.98 25.98 Comparative Example 3 13.87 23.35 It can be seen from Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-3 and Table 1 that the fish protein functional biofertilizer prepared in Examples 1-2 has good fertilizer efficiency and a long application period. The fish protein functional biofertilizer selects fish protein hydrolysate as the main component. The fish protein hydrolysate contains more proteins, amino acids, trace elements and macro elements, which can provide rich nutrients for the growth and development of pakchoi after application. The suspending agent can improve the suspension stability of the active ingredients in the biofertilizer. After standing storage for half a year, the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein functional biofertilizer is still good, indicating that the biofertilizer prepared in Examples 1-2 has good suspension property, less sedimentation after standing storage, and relatively uniform dispersion, and the overall application effects are similar. While in Comparative Example 1, no suspending agent was added, and its application effect was poor. Sedimentation occurred during the storage of the biofertilizer, resulting in uneven application concentration and distribution, leading to poor application effect.
[0051] The nitrogen-containing coating prepared by the reaction of polyethyleneimine and urea can coat, separate and protect the active ingredients in the fish protein hydrolysate, realizing the slow release of the fish protein functional biofertilizer, extending the application period of the fish protein functional biofertilizer, covering a relatively complete growth cycle of crops, and also being beneficial to extending the storage time of the biofertilizer, retaining the active ingredients of the biofertilizer to a large extent. While in Comparative Example 2, no nitrogen-containing coating was added, and in Comparative Example 3, only urea was used, weakening the slow release effect of the fish protein functional biofertilizer, resulting in loss or decomposition of the active ingredients during storage and the early stage of application, thus reducing the application effect of the biofertilizer.
[0052] Compared with Examples 1-2, the application effects of Examples 3-4 decreased. In Examples 3-4, the mass ratio of polyethyleneimine to urea in the nitrogen-containing coating was changed. The reaction of polyethyleneimine and urea can reduce the decomposition of urea and delay the release and absorption of urea. When the mass ratio changes, the addition amount or the amount of urea participating in the reaction decreases, thus reducing the slow release effect of urea, further weakening the slow release effect of the biofertilizer, and at the same time, there is loss of the active ingredients of the biofertilizer during storage, resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency.
[0053] Compared with Examples 1-2, the application effect of Examples 5-6 decreased. When preparing the fish protein hydrolysate used in Examples 5-6, the mass ratio of fish, seaweed and water was changed, which directly affected the concentration and dispersion of fish and seaweed debris in the slurry. At the same time, the organic components of fish and seaweed were different, and the types and contents of the enzymatic hydrolysis products were also different. After changing the mass ratio, the enzymatic hydrolysis products were changed, and the synergistic effect among the nutrients obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis was weakened, reducing the mutual synergy of the nutrients obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis, and thus reducing the application effect of the biological fertilizer.
[0054] Compared with Examples 1-2, the application effect of Examples 7-8 decreased. When preparing the fish protein hydrolysate used in Examples 7-8, the addition amount of the complex enzyme was changed. The addition amount of the complex enzyme directly affected the degree and amount of enzymatic hydrolysis of fish and seaweed. Reducing or increasing it easily caused the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis to decrease or the enzymatic hydrolysis to be excessive, weakening the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein hydrolysate, and thus reducing the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein biological fertilizer.
[0055] Compared with Examples 1-2, the application effect of Examples 9-10 decreased. When preparing the fish protein hydrolysate used in Examples 9-10, the mass ratio of pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in the complex enzyme was changed. The complex enzyme formed by the combination of pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease has a good enzymatic hydrolysis effect on the mixture of fish and seaweed, and there is a synergistic effect among the three, with a good enzymatic hydrolysis effect. When the mass ratio is changed, the enzymatic hydrolysis effect decreases, thus reducing the fertilizer efficiency of the fish protein hydrolysate.
[0056] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application, and it is not a limitation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions according to needs after reading this specification, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.
Claims
1. A fish protein functional biofertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-46 parts of fish protein hydrolysate, 2.58-5.15 parts of suspending agent, 3.15-5.24 parts of nitrogen-containing coating and 20-30 parts of water, wherein the nitrogen-containing coating comprises polyethyleneimine and urea.
2. A fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the nitrogen-containing coating, the mass ratio of polyethyleneimine to urea is (4.68-5.35):(0.89-1.21).
3. The fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the fish protein hydrolysate comprises the following steps: mixing the fish with seaweed, adding water and blending them into a homogenous slurry, adding a composite enzyme to the slurry, and performing enzymolysis at 40-45° C. for 5-6 hours.
4. The fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the fish, seaweed and water is (1.35-1.68):(0.65-0.81):(6.58-7.21).
5. The fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The added amount of the complex enzyme is 0.15-0.18wt% of the slurry mass.
6. The fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The complex enzyme comprises pepsin, trypsin and alkaline protease in a mass ratio of (1.25-1.37):(2.15-2.84):(1.02-1.27).
7. The fish protein functional biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspending agent is chitosan solidified tannin microspheres.
8. The method for preparing a fish protein functional bio-fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mix polyethyleneimine and urea with a portion of water, stir evenly at 100°C and keep warm for 2 hours before cooling to obtain a nitrogen-containing coating solution for use; mix and evenly disperse the fish protein hydrolysate, suspending agent and remaining water, add the nitrogen-containing coating solution and mix evenly to obtain fish protein functional bio-fertilizer.