Anti-icing and deicing coating, preparation method thereof and anti-icing and deicing composite film

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-icing and deicing, and provides an anti-icing and deicing coating, a preparation method thereof and an anti-icing and deicing composite film. The anti-icing and deicing coating comprises a filling phase and a continuous phase, wherein the filling phase is bulges arranged in an array; the continuous phase is used for filling gaps among the bulges arranged in the array; the filling phase is formed by curing a low-modulus coating (the elastic modulus after curing is 10-500MPa); and the continuous phase is formed by curing a high-modulus coating (the elastic modulus after curing is greater than or equal to 1.5 GPa). According to the anti-icing and deicing coating disclosed by the invention, the high-modulus continuous phase and the low-modulus filling phase are combined, so that the defect of poor wear resistance of a coating formed by only utilizing a single low-modulus material is overcome; meanwhile, the low-modulus filling phase is limited to be formed by the protrusions arranged in an array mode, gaps of the low-modulus filling phase are filled with the high-modulus continuous phase, a high-modulus and low-modulus alternating structure is formed, and the ice adhesion strength of the coating is reduced through a crack propagation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-icing and de-icing, and particularly relates to an anti-icing and de-icing coating, a preparation method thereof, and an anti-icing and de-icing composite film. Background Art

[0002] Icing is a common natural phenomenon that causes many harms and losses to human production and life. In order to reduce or avoid the harms caused by icing, common de-icing methods include manual, thermal, and chemical de-icing, etc. These de-icing methods have problems such as low de-icing efficiency, high energy consumption, and poor universality. Therefore, anti-icing and de-icing coating materials with excellent performance are of great significance for improving de-icing efficiency and reducing the harms caused by icing.

[0003] The interaction force between ice and the surface is van der Waals force, electrostatic force, or hydrogen bond force. In order to reduce the ice adhesion strength, various surfaces have been studied. Among them, elastomers have shown the lowest ice adhesion and have the potential to achieve special ice-phobic properties. Introducing an elastomer at the ice-material interface can separate ice from the elastomer with the least force, and local voids (i.e., cracks) are formed between ice and the elastomer. Elastic stress fields are generated near the tips of microcracks, and stress concentration occurs, resulting in a sharp decrease in the ice adhesion strength. However, currently, the surfaces prepared using elastomers have poor wear resistance, which affects the service life and popularization and application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-icing and de-icing coating, a preparation method thereof, and an anti-icing and de-icing composite film. The anti-icing and de-icing coating provided by the present invention has excellent wear resistance and low ice viscosity strength.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an anti-icing and de-icing coating, which includes a filling phase and a continuous phase. The filling phase is a convexity arranged in an array; the continuous phase is used to fill the gaps between the convexities arranged in the array; The filling phase is formed by curing a low-modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after curing is 10 - 500 MPa; The continuous phase is formed by curing a high-modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after curing is greater than or equal to 1.5 GPa.

[0006] Preferably, the low-modulus coating includes the following components in mass percentage: Resin film-forming agent 30 - 60%, modulus regulator 5 - 30%, solvent 0 - 20%, thickener 1 - 5%, dispersant 0.5 - 1%, defoamer 1 - 2%, filler 0 - 50%, color paste 0 - 10%, curing agent 2 - 20%; The resin film-forming substance includes one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin, and fluorosilicone resin; The modulus regulator is a low-modulus elastomeric substance, and the low-modulus elastomeric substance includes one or more of silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitrile rubber, and elastic polyurethane resin; The solvent includes one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester, N,N-dimethylformamide, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether; The thickener includes silica; The filler includes one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica powder, talc powder, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, alumina powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite; The curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent, and the isocyanate curing agent is an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent; the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390, or Bayer L75.

[0007] Preferably, the high-modulus coating includes the following components in mass percentage: Resin film-forming substance 30 - 80%, solvent 0 - 20%, thickener 1 - 5%, dispersant 0.5 - 1%, defoamer 1 - 2%, filler 0 - 50%, color paste 0 - 10%, curing agent 2 - 15%; The resin film-forming substance includes one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin, and fluorosilicone resin; The solvent includes one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester, N,N-dimethylformamide, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether; The thickener includes silica; The filler includes one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica powder, talc powder, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, alumina powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite; The curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent, the isocyanate curing agent is an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent, and the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390, or Bayer L75.

[0008] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is circular, triangular, square, pentagonal, or hexagonal.

[0009] Preferably, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is 0.5 - 5 mm, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions is 0.5 - 3 mm.

[0010] Preferably, on the same plane, the area ratio of the filling phase is 15 - 55%.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the anti-icing and de-icing coating is 20 - 80 μm.

[0012] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the anti-icing and de-icing coating described in the above technical solution, including the following steps: Set the yin and yang patterns corresponding to the continuous phase and the filler on the steel roller of the intaglio printing press, and use the steel roller to alternately print the continuous phase and the filler phase on the substrate to finally obtain the anti-icing and de-icing coating.

[0013] The present invention also provides an anti-icing and de-icing film layer, including a release film, a functional coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and a protective film which are sequentially laminated; The functional coating is the anti-icing and de-icing coating described in the above technical solution or the anti-icing and de-icing coating prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the functional coating is 20 - 80 μm, the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 15 - 30 μm, and the thickness of the protective film is 15 μm; The material of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes one or more of silicone, acrylic acid, and polyurethane; The protective film is a PET protective film.

[0015] The present invention provides an anti-icing and de-icing coating.

[0016] The anti-icing and de-icing coating of the present invention combines a high-modulus continuous phase and a low-modulus filler phase, overcoming the disadvantage of poor wear resistance of the coating formed by only using a single low-modulus material; at the same time, it is defined that the low-modulus filler phase is formed by arrayed protrusions, and the high-modulus continuous phase is used to fill the gaps between the low-modulus filler phases, forming an alternating structure of high modulus and low modulus, and reducing the ice adhesion strength of the coating through the crack propagation mode.

[0017] Furthermore, by defining the compositions of the low-modulus coating and the high-modulus coating, especially the resin film-forming substances in the low-modulus coating and the high-modulus coating, the surface energy of the coating is reduced, and the ice adhesion strength of the coating is also effectively reduced; at the same time, the low-modulus coating and the high-modulus coating introduce photothermal materials through fillers, and use the photothermal effect to quickly de-ice. The solar light absorption rate of the whole coating or the low-modulus filler phase is more than 60%, so that the coating can absorb the heat in the surrounding environment and sunlight, making the surface temperature of the coating higher than the ambient temperature, delaying the formation of ice. Under extreme conditions, the coating heats up to melt the ice, achieving the purpose of quickly de-icing. For specific applications, due to appearance requirements, the color of the high-modulus continuous phase can be set to white or light color, and only the low-modulus filler phase is set as the photothermal absorption part, taking into account the requirements of low surface ice adhesion, photothermal effect, and decorative function.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the anti-icing and de-icing coating described in the above technical solution. The present invention uses gravure printing to construct a coating with alternately distributed high and low moduli, and forms a low ice adhesion surface through the crack propagation mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the spacing between adjacent protrusions; Figure 2 is a graph showing the corresponding relationship between the diameter of the fixed circle being 1 mm and the spacing between adjacent circles and the area ratio of the low modulus filling phase; Figure 3 is a graph showing the corresponding relationship between the diameter of the circle and the area ratio of the low modulus filling phase when the spacing between adjacent fixed circles is 1 mm; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the yin-yang pattern on the steel roller in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the yin-yang pattern on the 1# steel roller, 2# steel roller, 3# steel roller, 4# steel roller, 5# steel roller and 6# steel roller in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The present invention provides an anti-icing and de-icing coating, which includes a filling phase and a continuous phase. The filling phase is an array of protrusions; the continuous phase is used to fill the gaps between the array of protrusions; The filling phase is formed by curing a low modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the cured low modulus coating is 10 to 500 MPa; The continuous phase is formed by curing a high modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the cured high modulus coating is greater than or equal to 1.5 GPa.

[0021] The anti-icing and de-icing coating provided by the present invention includes a filling phase, and the filling phase is an array of protrusions; the cross-sectional shape of the protrusions is preferably circular, triangular, square, pentagonal or hexagonal, and further preferably circular or square; the triangle is preferably an equilateral triangle, the pentagon is preferably a regular pentagon, and the hexagon is preferably a regular hexagon. In the present invention, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusions is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions is preferably 0.5 to 3 mm. In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusions is preferably circular, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusions refers to the range of the diameter of the circle, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions refers to the minimum distance between the edges of adjacent circles, such as Figure 1 shown in I d。In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is preferably triangular, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion refers to the range of the side length of the triangle, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions refers to the minimum distance between the edges of the circumscribed circles of adjacent triangles, as shown in Figure 1 II shown in d 。In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is preferably square, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion refers to the range of the side length of the square, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions refers to the minimum distance between the edges of the circumscribed circles of adjacent squares, as shown in Figure 1 III shown in d 。In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is preferably pentagonal, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion refers to the range of the side length of the pentagon, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions refers to the minimum distance between the edges of the circumscribed circles of adjacent pentagons, as shown in Figure 1 IV shown in d 。In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is preferably hexagonal, the size range of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion refers to the range of the side length of the hexagon, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions refers to the minimum distance between the edges of the circumscribed circles of adjacent hexagonal circles, as shown in Figure 1 d shown in V.

[0022] In the present invention, on the same plane, the area ratio of the filling phase is preferably 15-55%, specifically preferably 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or 55%.

[0023] In the present invention, through the size of the protrusion and the spacing between adjacent protrusions, the area ratio of the low-modulus filling phase can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the anti-icing and de-icing performance and durability of the anti-icing and de-icing coating. Specifically, when the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is circular, the diameter of the circle and the spacing between adjacent circles can adjust the proportion of the low-modulus filling phase in the anti-icing and de-icing coating, thereby adjusting the anti-icing and de-icing performance and mechanical properties of the anti-icing and de-icing coating.

[0024] Fix the diameter of the circle at 1 mm, Figure 2 showing the corresponding relationship diagram between the spacing between adjacent circles and the area ratio of the low-modulus filling phase.

[0025] Fix the spacing between adjacent circles at 1 mm, Figure 3 showing the corresponding relationship diagram between the circle diameter and the area ratio of the low-modulus filling phase.

[0026] From Figure 2 and Figure 3 it can be seen that: as the spacing between adjacent circles decreases or the circle diameter increases, the proportion of the low-modulus filling phase increases. Thus, the mechanical properties and ice adhesion strength of the coating can be optimized by the area ratio of the low-modulus filling phase.

[0027] In the present invention, the filling phase is formed by curing a low-modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the cured low-modulus coating is 10 to 500 MPa, preferably 10 MPa, 50 MPa, 100 MPa, 150 MPa, 200 MPa, 250 MPa, 300 MPa, 350 MPa, 400 MPa, 450 MPa or 500 MPa specifically.

[0028] In the present invention, the low-modulus coating preferably comprises components in the following mass percentages: Resin film-forming substance 30 - 60%, modulus regulator 5 - 30%, solvent 0 - 20%, thickener 1 - 5%, dispersant 0.5 - 1%, defoamer 1 - 2%, filler 0 - 50%, color paste 0 - 10%, curing agent 2 - 20%.

[0029] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low-modulus coating preferably comprises 30 - 60% of resin film-forming substance, preferably 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 57% or 60% specifically. In the present invention, the resin film-forming substance preferably comprises one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin and fluorosilicone resin, and further preferably fluorosilicone resin.

[0030] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low-modulus coating preferably comprises 5 - 30% of modulus regulator, preferably 5%, 10%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 25% or 30% specifically. In the present invention, the modulus regulator is preferably a low-modulus elastomeric substance, and the low-modulus elastomeric substance preferably comprises one or more of silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitrile rubber and elastic polyurethane resin, and further preferably fluorosilicone rubber.

[0031] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low-modulus coating preferably comprises 0 - 20% of solvent, further preferably 0.1 - 20%, preferably 1%, 5%, 9.5%, 10%, 15% or 20% specifically; the solvent preferably comprises one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester (DBE), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) and propylene glycol methyl ether (PM), and further preferably butyl acetate.

[0032] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low-modulus coating preferably comprises 1 - 5% of thickener, preferably 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5% specifically; the thickener preferably comprises silica.

[0033] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low modulus coating preferably comprises 0.5 - 1% of a dispersant, specifically preferably 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dispersant is specifically preferably a dispersant with the model numbers BYK2025, BYK104S or BYK163 purchased from BYK Company.

[0034] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low modulus coating preferably comprises 1 - 2% of an antifoaming agent, specifically preferably 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9% or 2%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the antifoaming agent is specifically preferably an antifoaming agent with the model numbers BYK065, BYK066 or BYK371 purchased from BYK Company.

[0035] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low modulus coating preferably comprises 0 - 50% of a filler, more preferably 0.1 - 50%, specifically preferably 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%. In the present invention, the filler preferably comprises one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica powder, talc powder, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, alumina powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphite, more preferably titanium dioxide. In the present invention, the particle size of the filler is preferably 0.1 - 5 μm.

[0036] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low modulus coating preferably comprises 0 - 10% of a color paste, more preferably 0.1 - 10%, specifically preferably 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%. In the present invention, the color paste is preferably a black color paste or a white color paste.

[0037] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the low modulus coating preferably comprises 2 - 20% of a curing agent, specifically preferably 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18% or 20%. In the present invention, the curing agent is preferably an isocyanate curing agent, and the isocyanate curing agent is preferably an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent; the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is specifically preferably Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390 or Bayer L75.

[0038] The anti-icing and de-icing coating provided by the present invention comprises a continuous phase, which is used to fill the gaps between the protrusions arranged in an array. In the present invention, the continuous phase is formed by curing a high-modulus coating material; the elastic modulus of the cured high-modulus coating material is greater than or equal to 1.5 GPa, further preferably 1.5 - 5 GPa, and specifically preferably 1.5 GPa, 2 GPa, 2.5 GPa, 3 GPa, 3.5 GPa, 4 GPa, 4.5 GPa or 5 GPa. The present invention uses a high-modulus continuous phase as the skeleton, improving the wear resistance of the anti-icing and de-icing layer.

[0039] In the present invention, the high-modulus coating material preferably comprises the following components in mass percentage: Resin film-forming substance 30 - 80%, solvent 0 - 20%, thickener 1 - 5%, dispersant 0.5 - 1%, defoamer 1 - 2%, filler 0 - 50%, color paste 0 - 10%, curing agent 2 - 15%.

[0040] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the high-modulus coating material preferably comprises 30 - 80% of resin film-forming substance, specifically preferably 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%. In the present invention, the resin film-forming substance preferably comprises one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic acid, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin and fluorosilicone resin, and further preferably fluorosilicone resin or fluorocarbon resin.

[0041] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the high-modulus coating material preferably comprises 0 - 20% of solvent, further preferably 0.1 - 20%, specifically preferably 1%, 5%, 9.5%, 10%, 15% or 20%; the solvent preferably comprises one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester (DBE), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) and propylene glycol methyl ether (PM), and further preferably butyl acetate.

[0042] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the high-modulus coating material preferably comprises 1 - 5% of thickener, specifically preferably 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%; the thickener preferably comprises silicon dioxide.

[0043] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the high-modulus coating material preferably comprises 0.5 - 1% of dispersant, specifically preferably 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the dispersant is specifically preferably the defoamer with the model of BYK065, BYK066 or BYK371 purchased from BYK Company.

[0044] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the high modulus coating preferably comprises 1-2% defoamer, specifically preferably 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9% or 2%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the defoamer is specifically preferably a defoamer of model BYK065, BYK066 or BYK371 purchased from BYK Company.

[0045] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the high modulus coating preferably comprises 0-50% filler, further preferably 0.1-50%, specifically preferably 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%. In the present invention, the filler preferably comprises one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica powder, talc powder, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, alumina powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphite, and further preferably titanium dioxide or carbon black.

[0046] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the high modulus coating preferably comprises 0-10% color paste, further preferably 0.1-10%; specifically preferably 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%. In the present invention, the color paste is preferably a black color paste or a white color paste.

[0047] In the present invention, by mass percentage, the high modulus coating preferably comprises 2-15% curing agent, specifically preferably 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 15%. In the present invention, the curing agent is preferably an isocyanate curing agent, the isocyanate curing agent is preferably an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent, and the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is preferably Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390 or Bayer L75.

[0048] In the present invention, the high modulus coating and the low modulus coating are preferably both light-colored, or at least one is black; when at least one of the high modulus coating and the low modulus coating is black, preferably the low modulus coating is black and the high modulus coating is light-colored.

[0049] In the present invention, the thickness of the anti-icing and de-icing coating is preferably 20-80 μm, specifically preferably 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm or 80 μm.

[0050] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the anti-icing and de-icing coating according to the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: Set the yin and yang patterns corresponding to the continuous phase and the filler on the steel roller of the gravure printing machine respectively, and use the steel roller to alternately print the continuous phase and the filler phase on the substrate to finally obtain the anti-icing and de-icing coating.

[0051] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the schematic diagram of the yin-yang pattern on the steel roller is as Figure 4 shown.

[0052] In the present invention, the intaglio printing press is preferably equipped with 2 to 6 steel rollers, specifically preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the intaglio printing press is equipped with 6 steel rollers, namely 1# steel roller, 2# steel roller, 3# steel roller, 4# steel roller, 5# steel roller and 6# steel roller in sequence; and when the raised interface pattern is a square, the schematic diagram of the yin-yang pattern on the 1# steel roller, 2# steel roller, 3# steel roller, 4# steel roller, 5# steel roller and 6# steel roller is as Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 wherein A is the filling phase and B is the continuous phase.

[0053] The present invention also provides an anti-icing and de-icing composite film, which comprises a release film, a functional coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a protective film laminated in sequence; The functional coating is the anti-icing and de-icing coating described in the above technical solution or the anti-icing and de-icing coating prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.

[0054] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention. The anti-icing and de-icing composite film of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with Figure 6 this.

[0055] The anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention comprises a release film. The release film is preferably a PET release film, and the thickness of the PET release film is preferably 25 to 50 μm, specifically preferably 25 μm or 50 μm.

[0056] The anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention comprises a functional coating. The functional coating is the anti-icing and de-icing coating described in the above technical solution or the anti-icing and de-icing coating prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the thickness of the functional coating is preferably 20 to 80 μm, specifically preferably 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm or 80 μm.

[0057] The anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The material of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer preferably comprises one or more of silicone, acrylic acid and polyurethane. In the present invention, the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably 15 to 30 μm, specifically preferably 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm or 30 μm.

[0058] The anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention comprises a protective film. The protective film is preferably a PET protective film. In the present invention, the thickness of the protective film is preferably 15 μm.

[0059] In the present invention, the preparation method of the anti-icing and de-icing composite film preferably comprises the following steps: respectively arranging male and female patterns corresponding to the continuous phase and the filler on the steel roller of the gravure printing machine, and alternately printing the continuous phase and the filler phase on the release film by using the steel roller to form a functional layer; corona treating the surface of the functional layer and then coating a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and then covering the protective film on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to obtain the anti-icing and de-icing composite film. The present invention does not specifically limit the operation of the corona treatment, and the operation well-known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the present invention, the coating of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably realized by using a comma knife.

[0060] In the present invention, the using method of the anti-icing and de-icing composite film preferably comprises the following steps: removing the protective film of the anti-icing and de-icing composite film, pasting the functional coating on the surface of the corresponding object through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and removing the release film.

[0061] The anti-icing and de-icing coating, its preparation method and the anti-icing and de-icing composite film provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0062] Sources of raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples The fluorosilicone resin is purchased from Ruifeng Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., the fluorocarbon resin is purchased from Changxing Chemical, the fluorosilicone rubber is purchased from Huanxin Fluorine Materials Co., Ltd., the butyl acetate is purchased from Sanwei Chemical Co., Ltd., the silica thickener is purchased from Evonik, the dispersant is a product with the model number BYK163 purchased from BYK, the defoamer is a product with the model number BYK371 purchased from BYK, the titanium dioxide used is the titanium dioxide with a particle size of 0.2 μm purchased from Chemours, the black color paste is purchased from Cody, and the curing agent is 3390 purchased from Bayer.

[0063] Example 1 High modulus coating formulation: 70 wt% of fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% of butyl acetate, 4 wt% of silica thickener, 0.5 wt% of dispersant, 1 wt% of defoamer, 10 wt% of filler titanium dioxide, 5% of curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the high modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0064] Low modulus coating formulation: 57 wt% of fluorosilicone resin, 17% of modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber, 9.5 wt% of butyl acetate, 4 wt% of silica thickener, 0.5 wt% of dispersant, 1 wt% of defoamer, 8 wt% of black color paste, 3% of curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the low modulus coating after sufficient curing is 50 MPa.

[0065] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a circle with a diameter of 2 mm, a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 34.9%, the coating is printed alternately 3 times, with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0066] Test process of ice adhesion strength: Use a steel ring with a diameter of 3 cm, freeze 0 °C ice water in a -20 °C environment for 1 h, slowly pull it through the equipment, record the peak value of the pulling force, and calculate the ice adhesion strength according to the measured force and the area of the ring, with the unit of kPa. The ice adhesion strength after 100 cycles of de-icing.

[0067] The abrasion resistance of the coating is determined according to GB / T1768, and the solar light absorption rate of the coating is tested according to ASTM E903-20.

[0068] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 15 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle abrasion test, the coating loses 80 mg; the ice adhesion strength after 100 cycles of de-icing is 25 kPa, the solar light absorption rate of the low-modulus filling phase is 90%, and under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 45 °C.

[0069] Example 2 High-modulus coating titanium dioxide formula: Fluorosilicone resin 70 wt%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, filler titanium dioxide 10%, curing agent 3390 5%. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0070] Low-modulus coating formula: Fluorosilicone resin 57 wt%, modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber 17%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, black color paste 8 wt%, curing agent 3390 3%. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0071] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a circle with a diameter of 3 mm, a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 44.2%, the coating is printed alternately 3 times, with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0072] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 10 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 1000 rounds of wear resistance testing with 0.5 kg, the coating loses 100 mg. After 100 de-icing cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 15 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low modulus filling part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ), after irradiating for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 55 °C.

[0073] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the low modulus filling pattern becomes a 3 mm circle, and the proportion of the area increases to 44.2%. The ice adhesion strength of the coating decreases, and the wear resistance also decreases accordingly.

[0074] Example 3 High modulus coating formulation: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent 3390. After repeated curing of the high modulus coating, the elastic modulus is 2 GPa.

[0075] Low modulus coating formulation: 57 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 17% modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 8 wt% black color paste, 3% curing agent 3390. After full curing of the low modulus coating, the elastic modulus is 50 MPa.

[0076] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase adopts a 2 mm side length square with a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the proportion of the area of pattern A is 44.4%. The coating is printed 3 times alternately with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0077] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 8 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 1000 rounds of wear resistance testing with 0.5 kg, the coating loses 75 mg. After 100 de-icing cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 17 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low modulus filling phase is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ), after irradiating for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 44 °C.

[0078] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the low modulus filling pattern changes from a circle to a square. Since the square is more conducive to the crack propagation at the ice-coating interface, therefore, a surface with a lower ice adhesion strength is obtained.

[0079] Example 4 High modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 70 wt%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, filler carbon black 10 wt%, curing agent 3390 5%. The elastic modulus of the high modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0080] Low modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 57 wt%, modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber 17%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, black color paste 8 wt%, curing agent 3390 3%. The elastic modulus of the low modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0081] The pattern of protrusion A in the filler phase uses a 2 mm diameter circle with a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 34.9%. The coating is printed 3 times alternately with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0082] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 16 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-round wear resistance test, the coating loses 70 mg; after 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 28 kPa, the solar light absorption rate of the coating is 96%, and under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 75 °C.

[0083] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that carbon black is added to the high modulus skeleton part, and its solar light absorption rate is as high as 96%. Under sunlight irradiation, the temperature rises more rapidly, which is conducive to the removal of ice.

[0084] Example 5 High modulus coating formulation: Fluorocarbon resin 70 wt%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, filler titanium dioxide 10 wt%, curing agent Bayer 3390 5%. The elastic modulus of the high modulus coating after repeated curing is 2.5 GPa.

[0085] Low modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 57 wt%, modulus regulator elastic polyurethane 17%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, black color paste 8 wt%, curing agent 3390 3%. The elastic modulus of the low modulus coating after full curing is 100 MPa.

[0086] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a 2-mm-diameter circle with a 1-mm spacing, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 34.9%. The coating is printed alternately 3 times with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0087] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 25 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 30 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 50 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 85 mg; after 100 de-icing cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 35 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low-modulus filling part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 46 °C.

[0088] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that elastic polyurethane is used as the modulus regulator in the low-modulus coating, and fluorocarbon resin is used as the resin film-forming substance in the high-modulus coating, resulting in changes in the coating modulus and ice adhesion strength.

[0089] Example 6 High-modulus coating formula: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10 wt% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0090] Low-modulus coating formula: 44 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 30% modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 8 wt% black color paste, 3% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after sufficient curing is 10 MPa.

[0091] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a 2-mm-diameter circle with a 1-mm spacing, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 34.9%. The coating is printed alternately 3 times with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0092] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 5 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 120 mg; after 100 de-icing cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 15 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low-modulus filling part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 44 °C.

[0093] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the modulus of the low-modulus coating is reduced to a lower value, increasing the contrast difference between the high and low moduli. Cracks are more likely to form at the ice coating interface, resulting in a surface with a lower ice adhesion strength.

[0094] Example 7 High-modulus coating formulation: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10 wt% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0095] Low-modulus coating formulation: 57 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 17% modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 8 wt% white color paste, 3% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0096] The pattern of the protrusion A in the filler phase uses a 2-mm diameter circle with a 1-mm spacing, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of the A pattern is 34.9%. The coating is printed 3 times alternately with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0097] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 15 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 80 mg; after 100 de-icing cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 25 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low-modulus filled part of the coating is 22%. Under irradiation with 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 20 °C.

[0098] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that both the low-modulus coating and the high-modulus coating are entirely white, resulting in a lower solar light absorption rate of the coating and a smaller temperature rise of the coating due to the photothermal effect.

[0099] Comparative Example 1 High-modulus coating formulation: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0100] The coating has no modulus alternation and is entirely a continuous phase formed by the high-modulus coating with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0101] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 45 kPa. After 1000 rounds of abrasion test with 0.5 kg, the coating loses 30 mg. After 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 58 kPa. The solar absorptance of the coating is 25%. Under irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ), the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 20 °C after 5 minutes of irradiation.

[0102] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the coating is completely composed of high-modulus components without a modulus alternating structure, resulting in a high ice adhesion strength.

[0103] Comparative Example 2 Low-modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 57 wt%, modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber 17%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, black pigment paste 8 wt%, curing agent 3390 3%. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0104] The coating has no modulus alternation and is completely a filling phase formed by the low-modulus coating, with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0105] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 25 kPa. After 1000 rounds of abrasion test with 0.5 kg, the coating loses 300 mg. After 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 60 kPa. The solar absorptance of the low-modulus filling phase is 90%. Under irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ), the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 65 °C after 5 minutes of irradiation.

[0106] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the coating is completely composed of low-modulus components without a modulus alternating structure, resulting in poor abrasion resistance of the coating.

[0107] Comparative Example 3 High-modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 70 wt%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, filler titanium dioxide 10 wt%, curing agent Bayer 3390 5%. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0108] Low-modulus coating formulation: Fluorosilicone resin 57 wt%, modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber 17%, butyl acetate 9.5 wt%, silica thickener 4 wt%, dispersant 0.5 wt%, defoamer 1 wt%, black pigment paste 8 wt%, curing agent 3390 3%. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0109] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a circle with a diameter of 8 mm and a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 62%, the coating is printed alternately 3 times with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0110] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 20 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 220 mg; after 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 40 kPa, and the sunlight absorption rate of the low-modulus filling part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard sunlight (1000 W / m 2 ), after irradiating for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 55 °C.

[0111] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the proportion of the low-modulus filling phase is too large, resulting in little improvement in the wear resistance of the high-modulus continuous phase.

[0112] Comparative Example 4 High-modulus coating formula: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent Bayer 3390. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0113] Low-modulus coating formula: 57 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 17% modulus regulator fluorosilicone rubber, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 8 wt% black color paste, 3% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 50 MPa.

[0114] The pattern of protrusion A in the filling phase is a circle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area ratio of pattern A is 8.7%, the coating is printed alternately 3 times with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0115] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 40 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 25 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 38 mg; after 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 55 kPa, and the sunlight absorption rate of the low-modulus filling part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard sunlight (1000 W / m 2 ), after irradiating for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 26 °C.

[0116] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the proportion of the low-modulus filler phase is too small, and the cracks at the coating interface cannot grow to a larger size, thus failing to significantly reduce the ice adhesion strength.

[0117] Comparative Example 5 High-modulus coating formulation: 70 wt% fluorosilicone resin, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 10% filler titanium dioxide, 5% curing agent Bayer 3390. The elastic modulus of the high-modulus coating after repeated curing is 2 GPa.

[0118] Low-modulus coating formulation: 74 wt% polyurethane resin, 0% modulus regulator, 9.5 wt% butyl acetate, 4 wt% silica thickener, 0.5 wt% dispersant, 1 wt% defoamer, 8 wt% black color paste, 3% curing agent 3390. The elastic modulus of the low-modulus coating after full curing is 1.0 GPa.

[0119] The pattern of the protrusion A in the filler phase is a circle with a diameter of 2 mm and a spacing of 1 mm, and the continuous phase is B; on the same horizontal plane, the area proportion of the A pattern is 34.9%. The coating is printed alternately 3 times with a thickness of 60 μm; the thickness of the polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 20 μm.

[0120] Coating properties: The ice adhesion strength is 50 kPa (the ice adhesion strength of A alone is 55 kPa, and the ice adhesion strength of B alone is 45 kPa). After 0.5 kg of 1000-cycle wear resistance test, the coating loses 45 mg; after 100 cycles, the ice adhesion strength is 60 kPa. The solar light absorption rate of the low-modulus filler part of the coating is 90%. Under the irradiation of 1 standard solar light (1000 W / m 2 ) for 5 min, the coating temperature rises from 10 °C to 45 °C.

[0121] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the modulus difference between the high- and low-modulus phases is too small to play the role of alternately reducing the ice adhesion strength by modulus.

[0122] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-icing and de-icing coating, characterized in that: It comprises a filling phase and a continuous phase, wherein the filling phase is protrusions arranged in an array; and the continuous phase is used to fill the gaps between the protrusions arranged in the array; The filling phase is formed by curing a low modulus coating; the elastic modulus of the low modulus coating after curing is 10-500 MPa; The continuous phase is formed by curing the high modulus coating; The elastic modulus of the high modulus coating after curing is greater than or equal to 1.5 GPa.

2. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low modulus coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Resin film former 30~60%, modulus regulator 5~30%, solvent 0~20%, thickener 1~5%, dispersant 0.5~1%, defoamer 1~2%, filler 0~50%, color paste 0~10%, curing agent 2~20%; The resin film-forming material includes one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic resin, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin and fluorosilicone resin; The modulus regulator is a low modulus elastomeric substance, and the low modulus elastomeric substance includes one or more of silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitrile rubber and elastic polyurethane resin; The solvent includes one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester, N,N-dimethylformamide, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether; The thickener includes silicon dioxide; The filler includes one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicon powder, talc, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, aluminum oxide powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphite; The curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent, and the isocyanate curing agent is an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent; the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390 or Bayer L75.

3. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high modulus coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Resin film-forming material 30~80%, solvent 0~20%, thickener 1~5%, dispersant 0.5~1%, defoamer 1~2%, filler 0~50%, color paste 0~10%, curing agent 2~15%; The resin film-forming material includes one or more of fluorocarbon resin, silicone resin, silicone-modified acrylic resin, fluorocarbon-modified acrylic resin and fluorosilicone resin; The solvent includes one or more of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dibasic acid ester, N,N-dimethylformamide, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether; The thickener includes silicon dioxide; The filler includes one or more of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicon powder, talc, barium sulfate, silicon carbide, mica powder, aluminum oxide powder, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphite; The curing agent is an isocyanate curing agent, the isocyanate curing agent is an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent, and the aliphatic isocyanate curing agent is Bayer 3300, Bayer 3390 or Bayer L75.

4. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the protrusion is circular, triangular, square, pentagonal or hexagonal.

5. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the protrusions has a size range of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the spacing between adjacent protrusions is 0.5 to 3 mm.

6. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the same plane, the area proportion of the filling phase is 15-55%.

7. The anti-icing and de-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-icing and de-icing coating has a thickness of 20 to 80 μm.

8. The method for preparing the anti-icing and de-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Yin and yang patterns corresponding to the continuous phase and the filling are respectively arranged on the gravure printing steel roller, and the continuous phase and the filling phase are alternately printed on the substrate by using the steel roller to finally obtain the anti-icing and deicing coating.

9. An anti-icing and de-icing composite film, characterized in that: It includes a release film, a functional coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a protective film which are stacked in sequence; The functional coating is the anti-icing and de-icing coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the anti-icing and de-icing coating prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8.

10. The anti-icing and de-icing composite film according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the functional coating is 20-80 μm, the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 15-30 μm, and the thickness of the protective film is 15 μm; The material of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes one or more of silicone, acrylic acid and polyurethane; The protective film is a PET protective film.

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