Liquid crystal composition with high optical anisotropy and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid crystal composition with high optical anisotropy, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5%-30% of a compound shown as a component I, 10%-50% of a compound shown as a component II, 10%-60% of a compound shown as a component III, 0%-20% of a compound shown as a component IV and 5%-50% of a compound shown as a component V, the liquid crystal composition has a high optical anisotropy value, the box thickness of a display device can be reduced, and the response speed can be increased; in addition, the liquid crystal composition also has a relatively high dielectric constant, so that the driving voltage of the liquid crystal material is reduced, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal materials, and in particular, to a liquid crystal composition and its application. Background Art

[0002] In the 1960s, after the RCA Corporation first discovered that applying electrical stimulation would change the light transmission mode of liquid crystals and subsequently released liquid crystal display technology using this property, liquid crystals gradually attracted great attention and rapidly developed into various fields. In 1966, after DuPont synthesized Kevlar fibers using aromatic polyamide liquid crystals, the industrialization process of liquid crystal materials began. After decades of rapid development, liquid crystal materials have been widely used in many fields such as display technology, optical storage devices, and solar cells due to their special properties. The research scope even covers many fields such as chemistry, biology, and information science, becoming one of the new materials that are highly favored and indispensable in today's society.

[0003] In today's fast-paced life, people's demands for the performance of personal smart devices have two significant aspects - faster and lighter. These two demands are reflected in liquid crystal displays as faster response speed and thinner screens. Both of these can be adjusted by reducing the cell gap of the liquid crystal panel. The smaller the cell gap, the smaller the response time and the thinner the liquid crystal display. The product of the cell gap and the refractive index (referred to as the optical path difference) is preset, which means that on the premise of a fixed optical path difference, to obtain a smaller cell gap, the liquid crystal material needs to have a higher refractive index. Therefore, developing liquid crystal materials with a high refractive index is crucial for improving the performance of liquid crystal displays. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition which has a high optical anisotropy value, can reduce the cell gap of the display device and improve the response speed; in addition, this liquid crystal composition also has a high dielectric constant, which is beneficial to reducing the driving voltage of the liquid crystal material, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0005] Technical Solution: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition with high optical anisotropy, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 30% of the compound shown in Component I, 10% - 50% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% - 60% of the compound shown in Component III, 0% - 20% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 5% - 50% of the compound shown in Component V.

[0006] Component I is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula I1 - I3, and Formula I1 - I3 are as follows:

[0007]

[0008] R 1 and R 1 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0009] Component II is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulae II1 to II2, and Formulae II1 to II2 are as follows:

[0010]

[0011] R 2 and R 2 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0012] X 1 、X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from —H or —F,

[0013] Component III is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula III1, and Formula III1 is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] R 3 and R 3 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0016] X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are each independently selected from —H or —F,

[0017] Component IV is selected from liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula IV1 as follows:

[0018]

[0019] R 4 and R 4 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0020] X 8 , X 9 , X 10 , X 11 and X 12 are each independently selected from —H, —F or methyl,

[0021] Component V is selected from liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulas V1 to V3 as follows:

[0022]

[0023] R 5 and R 5 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups.

[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the above liquid crystal composition in a liquid crystal display material or a liquid crystal display device.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a relatively high optical anisotropy value, can reduce the cell thickness of the display device, and improve the response speed; in addition, the liquid crystal composition also has a relatively high dielectric constant, which is beneficial to reducing the driving voltage of the liquid crystal material, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving. Specific embodiments

[0026] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0027] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present application.

[0028] In order to solve the above problems, in a typical embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal composition is provided. The liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% to 30% of the compound shown in Component I, 10% to 50% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% to 60% of the compound shown in Component III, 0% to 20% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 5% to 50% of the compound shown in Component V.

[0029] Component I is selected from liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula I1 to I3, and Formula I1 to I3 are as follows:

[0030]

[0031] R 1 and R 1 ’ each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups;

[0032] Component II is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulae II1 to II2, and Formulae II1 to II2 are as follows:

[0033]

[0034] R 2 and R 2 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups;

[0035] X 1 、X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from —H or —F,

[0036] Component III is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula III1, and Formula III1 is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] R 3 and R 3 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups;

[0039] X 4 、X5 、 X 6 and X 7 are each independently selected from —H or —F,

[0040] Component IV is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula IV1, and Formula IV1 is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] R 4 and R 4 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0043] X 8 、 X 9 、 X 10 、 X 11 and X 12 are each independently selected from —H, —F or methyl,

[0044] Component V is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulas V1 to V3, and Formulas V1 to V3 are as follows:

[0045]

[0046] R 5 and R 5 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

[0047] Component I is a compound with a low melting point and low rotational viscosity, which is beneficial for adjusting the liquid crystal material to have a lower rotational viscosity and a lower melting point, thereby increasing the response speed and the operating temperature range; Component II and Component III are compounds with a positive dielectric constant, which is beneficial for adjusting the liquid crystal material to have a higher dielectric constant, thereby playing a role in reducing the driving voltage. The use of multiple components in combination is beneficial for reducing the melting point and improving the mutual solubility between components while increasing the dielectric constant; Component IV and Component V are compounds with a high optical anisotropy value, which is beneficial for adjusting the liquid crystal material to have a high optical anisotropy value. The use of multiple components in combination is beneficial for reducing the melting point and improving the mutual solubility between components.

[0048] To obtain a suitable liquid crystal width, a high dielectric anisotropy value, and a small rotational viscosity, which is more beneficial for improving the response speed of the liquid crystal material, reducing the threshold voltage, and improving the mutual solubility of the liquid crystal material. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of Component I, R 1 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of Component II, R 2 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 2 ' is selected from -F or an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of Component III, R 3 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; X 4 and X 5 are -H, and R 3 ' is selected from -F or -OCF 3 .

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of Component IV, R 4 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of Component V, R 5 and R 5 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0053] The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be prepared by a conventional method. Generally, at a high temperature, the required amounts of components are dissolved in a lower amount in the components constituting the main component; the solutions of the respective components can also be mixed into an organic solvent, for example, mixed into acetone, chloroform or methanol, and after sufficient mixing, the solvent is removed again, for example, by distillation.

[0054] In addition to the liquid crystal compounds of Component I to Component V described above, other additives in the technical field can be added to the liquid crystal composition of the present invention as needed. For example, a stabilizer with a mass content of 0 to 20% and / or a polymerizable compound with a mass content of 0 to 20% and / or a chiral agent with a mass content of 0 to 20% can be added.

[0055] The above stabilizer is one or more of the compounds represented by the general formulas S1 to S4:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, Y 1 is selected from —H, —F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups.

[0058] The above polymerizable compound components are as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Among them,

[0061] —T 1 and —T 2 each independently represents or an epoxy group;

[0062] —Q 1 — and —Q 2 — each independently represents a single bond or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0063] —P 1 — and —P 2 — each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—;

[0064] k is 0, 1 or 2;

[0065] When k is 1, —Z 1 — represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —C≡C—, —CH=CH—,

[0066] When k is 2, —Z 1 — appears twice in the component, —Z 1 — each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —C≡C—, —CH=CH—,

[0067] represents wherein —CH 2 — on the cyclohexyl group can be replaced by O, or represents wherein =CH— on the benzene ring can be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring can be replaced by F, or represents

[0068] When k is 1, represents wherein —CH 2 — on the cyclohexyl group can be replaced by O, or represents wherein =CH— on the benzene ring can be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring can be replaced by F, or represents

[0069] When k is 2, the component includes two i.e. appears twice in the component, each independently being wherein —CH 2 — on the cyclohexyl group can be replaced by O, or is wherein =CH— on the benzene ring can be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring can be replaced by F, or is

[0070] The above chiral agents include but are not limited to the following:

[0071]

[0072] The content of the liquid crystal compound in the above liquid crystal composition can be adjusted according to the performance requirements of the liquid crystal material. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 25% of the compound shown in Component I, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component II, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component III, 1% - 10% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 5% - 30% of the compound shown in Component V.

[0073] In another typical embodiment of the present application, an application of the above liquid crystal composition in a liquid crystal display material or a liquid crystal display device is provided.

[0074] Hereinafter, the beneficial effects of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with examples and comparative examples.

[0075] The following examples are used to explain the present invention rather than limit it. The percentages involved in the examples are all mass percentages, and the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius. The measured physical and chemical parameters are represented as follows: T NI represents the clearing point; Δn represents the optical anisotropy (Δn = n e -n o , 589 nm, measurement temperature 25 °C); Δε represents the dielectric anisotropy (Δε = ε ∥ -ε ⊥ , 25 °C); k 11 represents the splay elastic coefficient (measurement temperature 25 °C), and T NI is measured by DSC; Δn is measured by an Abbe refractometer; Δε and k 11 are measured by CV.

[0076] In the examples of the present invention, the main chain of the liquid crystal molecule is named: cyclohexyl is represented by the letter C; phenyl is represented by the letter P; lateral difluorobenzene is represented by U; the corresponding codes for the specific group structures are shown in Table 1:

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] The side chains of each compound are converted into chemical formulas according to Table 2 below. The left side chain is represented by R1, and the right side chain is represented by R2. Among them, the groups C n H 2n+1 and C m H 2m+1are straight-chain alkyl groups having n and m carbon atoms respectively, and Cp represents cyclopentyl C n H 2n+1 Cp represents cyclopentyl with a straight-chain alkyl group having n carbon atoms. The main chain and the side chains, as well as between side chains, are separated by "-". When naming, the main chain comes first and the side chains come after. For example, is represented as PH1UQU-3-F; is represented as PH1UQU-3Cp-F; is represented as UGH1GP-3-2; is represented as PH1U-3-F.

[0081] Table 2

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] In addition, the double bond is represented by the letter "V", such as is represented as CC-3-V.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 1 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 3.

[0087] Table 3

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Example 2

[0091] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 2 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 4.

[0092] Table 4

[0093]

[0094] Example 3

[0095] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 3 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 5.

[0096] Table 5

[0097]

[0098] Example 4

[0099] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 4 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 6.

[0100] Table 6

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Example 5

[0104] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 5 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 7.

[0105] Table 7

[0106]

[0107] Example 6

[0108] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 6 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 8.

[0109] Table 8

[0110]

[0111] Example 7

[0112] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 7 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 9.

[0113] Table 9

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Example 8

[0117] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Example 8 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 10.

[0118] Table 10

[0119]

[0120] Comparative Example 1

[0121] The composition of the liquid crystal composition of Comparative Example 1 and the measurement parameters are shown in Table 11.

[0122] Table 11

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Compared with Examples 1 to 8, Comparative Example 1 only contains Components I to IV and other types of compounds, and the contents of each component in Components I to IV are different from those in Examples 1 to 8. From the comparative test results, it can be seen that the liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a higher optical anisotropy value and a higher dielectric constant. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the optical anisotropy values of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention are all higher than 0.19, and the dielectric constants are all higher than 15, exceeding that of Comparative Example 1 by more than one time. Therefore, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is more suitable for display devices with a low cell thickness and has a lower driving voltage.

[0126] The above measurement parameters are related to the physical and chemical properties of all liquid crystal compounds constituting the liquid crystal medium, and the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is mainly used to adjust the liquid crystal parameters of the system.

[0127] Although the present invention does not exhaust all the liquid crystal compositions claimed for protection, those skilled in the art can foresee that on the basis of the above disclosed embodiments, other similar materials can be obtained by a similar method only by combining their own professional attempts without creative labor. Due to limited space here, only representative embodiments are listed.

[0128] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 30% of the compound shown in Component I, 10% - 50% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% - 60% of the compound shown in Component III, 0% - 20% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 5% - 50% of the compound shown in Component V, Component I is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulae I1 - I3, and Formulae I1 - I3 are as follows: I1, I2, I3, R 1 and R 1 ' are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; Component II is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulae II1 - II2, and Formulae II1 - II2 are as follows: II1、 II2、 R 2 and R 2 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; X 1 , X 2 and X 3 each independently selected from —H or —F, Component III is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula III1, and Formula III1 is as follows: III 1、 R 3 and R 3 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; X 4 、X 5 、X 6 and X 7 are each independently selected from —H or —F, Component IV is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula IV1, and Formula IV1 is as follows: IV1, R 4 and R 4 ’ are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups; X 8 、 X 9 、 X 10 、 X 11 and X 12 are each independently selected from —H, —F or methyl, Component V is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulae V1 - V3, and Formulae V1 - V3 are as follows: V1, V2, V3、 R 5 and R 5 ' are each independently selected from —F, —OCF 3 , an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups.

2. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound of Component I, R 1 is selected from alkyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

3. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound of Component II, R 2 is selected from alkyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 2 ' is selected from -F or alkyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

4. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound of Component III, R 3 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; X 4 and X 5 are —H, R 3 ' is selected from —F or —OCF 3 .

5. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound of Component IV, R 4 is selected from an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclopentyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

6. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compound of component V, R 5 and R 5 ' are each independently selected from alkyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

7. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition further contains a stabilizer with a mass fraction of 0 - 20%, and the stabilizer is one or more of the compounds shown in General Formulae S1 - S4: S1, S2, S3, S4, wherein Y 1 is selected from —H, —F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

8. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 25% of the compound shown in Component I, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component II, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component III, 1% - 10% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 5% - 30% of the compound shown in Component V.

9. The liquid crystal composition having high optical anisotropy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition further contains a chiral agent with a mass fraction of 0 - 20%.

10. Use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 - 9 in liquid crystal display materials or liquid crystal display devices.

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