Medium-length hole continuous mining method with high efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and discloses a medium-length hole continuous mining method with high efficiency, which comprises the following steps: S1, arranging ore blocks along the trend of an ore body, planning the length of a stope to be 60m, sequentially constructing pedestrian ventilation uphill at the front end and the rear end of the stope, and arranging an emergency exit; s2, a construction strip in the middle of the stope is cut to go uphill to be used as a free surface for blasting operation; and S3, a medium-length hole drilling roadway is constructed in the stope. By adopting a medium-length hole rock drilling technology and electric rake equipment and combining efficient blasting and ore caving operation, the continuous operation capacity is improved, the mining efficiency is improved to 150 tons per day or above from 50 tons per day to 60 tons per day, meanwhile, the ore body recovery rate is improved to 90% or above, ore dilution and loss are effectively reduced, in addition, the optimized mining process reduces the accurate mining and cutting engineering amount, and the mining cost is reduced. And the comprehensive production cost is reduced by about 40%, and lower mining cost and higher economic benefits are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, and particularly to a medium-deep hole continuous mining method with relatively high efficiency. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mine mining, especially in the mining process of thin ore veins and gently inclined ore bodies, traditional mining methods have a series of problems and limitations, which are mainly reflected in low mining efficiency, great potential safety hazards, high manual labor intensity, etc. The existence of these problems increases production costs, reduces the overall economic benefits of mine operations, and affects the full utilization of ore body resources.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used mining methods include shallow hole rock drilling, strip mining, and stoping and backfilling methods. Among these commonly used methods, shallow hole rock drilling has problems such as low mechanization degree and small single-operation scale, resulting in low mining efficiency. Usually, the daily mining output is 50 tons to 60 tons. At the same time, multiple rock drillings, blastings, and fillings are required in the stope, and the amounts of drift and cut workings are relatively large, increasing additional time and labor costs. Moreover, the recovery rate of ore is usually lower than 90%, causing waste of ore resources. Generally speaking, the existing technologies cannot fully achieve efficient continuous operation, and the production costs remain high, resulting in low mine operation benefits;

[0004] In the existing mining operations, due to the large exposed area, the pressure borne by the roof is uneven, increasing the risk of roof collapse. And traditional manual support and monitoring means are difficult to comprehensively monitor and give early warnings about the stress, displacement, exposed area, etc. of the roof in a timely manner. Unstable roof will lead to production interruption or cause serious safety accidents, threatening the lives of operating personnel.

[0005] The existing mining methods still highly rely on manual operations. Especially in ore rock drilling, ore discharging, and filling operations, workers need to frequently enter the roof goaf for manual operations, resulting in high labor intensity. And workers are exposed to a high-risk working environment, increasing the unsafe factors in the working environment. Moreover, the working conditions of underground workers are relatively harsh. Especially in the case of low mechanization degree and bad working environment, the labor intensity increases significantly, and the physical and mental burden of personnel is relatively heavy, resulting in difficulties in recruiting underground workers and affecting the continuous operation of the mine.

[0006] Therefore, technical personnel in this field provide a medium-deep hole continuous mining method with relatively high efficiency to solve the problems of low efficiency, great potential safety hazards of the roof, high labor intensity, etc. in the existing mining methods, and achieve efficient continuous operation, improve safety, and reduce manual labor intensity and production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a medium-deep hole continuous mining method with relatively high efficiency to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A medium-deep hole continuous mining method with relatively high efficiency, including the following steps: S1. The ore block is arranged along the strike of the ore body, the length of the stope is planned to be 60 meters, a pedestrian ventilation raise is constructed at the front and rear ends of the stope in sequence, and a safety exit is set.

[0009] S2. A cut raise is constructed in the middle of the stope to be used as a free face for blasting operations.

[0010] S3. A medium-deep hole drilling roadway is constructed in the stope, and a customized mobile drill rig is used for medium-deep hole drilling operations.

[0011] S4. After drilling, with the cut raise as the free face, continuous retreating ore caving operations are carried out, and during the blasting process, by arranging an isolation device, using the isolation device as the free face, the mining operation is advanced.

[0012] S5. After each ore caving operation by blasting, a large-sized mining airbag is used to reserve space to form a compensation space for lateral blasting, so as to synchronously carry out the filling operation of the ore body.

[0013] S5. After filling, a false roadway or a filling shaft is formed through the reserved space of the large-sized airbag.

[0014] S6. After the ore caving operation, centralized ore discharging is carried out, and an electric scraper equipment is used for centralized conveying and ore discharging of the ore.

[0015] S7. According to the change of the exposed area of the stope, an isolation device is arranged near the ore body position, and combined with a real-time monitoring system, safety management of the roof goaf is carried out.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, when carrying out continuous retreating ore caving operations, the width of each stoping is 6m - 8m.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the width of the isolation device set during the blasting process is 1.5m.

[0018] Preferably, in step S6, the specific implementation steps of the electric scraper equipment for centralized conveying and ore discharging of the ore are as follows:

[0019] S61. The electric scraper equipment is reasonably arranged in the ore room, ventilation roadway or drilling roadway in the stope.

[0020] According to the length, width and ore distribution of the stope, a suitable pulley and steel cable system is set, the port of the steel cable is connected to the electric scraper equipment and the ore conveying port, so that the raked materials are concentrated at the ore discharging port.

[0021] S62. In the mining area, the electric scraper equipment moves back and forth through the pulleys and steel cables to rake the caved ore to the designated ore discharging port.

[0022] Starting from the ore caving point, the rake moves to the ore discharge port and then returns to the initial position, completing a full raking cycle;

[0023] S63. The ore raked out by the electric rake equipment is concentrated at the ore conveyor opening, and then the ore is transported to the underground ore bin by a belt conveyor or a trolley, completing the ore discharge;

[0024] Use monitoring equipment to monitor the operation of the electric rake equipment and the ore raking status in real time, and adjust the running speed and raking direction of the electric rake to avoid blockage or uneven ore accumulation;

[0025] S64. According to the distribution of the ore, optimize the moving path of the electric rake to minimize the distance for the ore to be concentrated at the ore discharge port and avoid obstacles in the stope during the raking path;

[0026] The cycle times, raking speed, and the amount of ore carried each time of the electric rake equipment should be optimized according to the volume and density of the ore.

[0027] Preferably, in step S6, during the process of centralized transportation and discharge of ore based on the electric rake equipment, the algorithm formulas involved in the operation of the electric rake equipment are as follows:

[0028] The working efficiency formula of the electric rake equipment: where Q represents the amount of ore raked out in each raking cycle, and T represents the time of each raking cycle;

[0029] The calculation formula for the amount of ore raked out: Assuming the density of the ore is ρ (tons per cubic meter) and the volume of the ore raked out by the electric rake each time is V (cubic meters), then the amount of ore raked out Q is: Q = ρ × V,

[0030] where ρ is the density of the ore and V is the volume of the ore raked out by the electric rake each time.

[0031] Preferably, the calculation formula for the cycle times: If the total amount of ore in the stope is Q total (tons) and the amount of ore raked out by the electric rake each time is Q, then the number of cycles N required to complete the ore raking is:

[0032] where Q total is the total amount of ore in the stope, and Q is the amount of ore raked out in each cycle;

[0033] The calculation formula for the moving speed of the electric rake: Assuming the moving distance of the electric rake is d (meters) and the average moving speed of the electric rake is v (meters per second), then the time T for each cycle is:

[0034] where d is the distance from the starting point to the ore conveyor opening of the electric rake, and v is the moving speed of the electric rake equipment;

[0035] The energy consumption calculation formula of the scraper: E = P × T, where E is the energy consumption of the scraper, P is the power of the scraper, and T is the time required for ore scraping.

[0036] Preferably, in the S7 step, the real-time monitoring system is used for safety management of the roof goaf in the stope. The following are the relevant algorithm formulas for calculating and judging the key parameters in the monitoring system:

[0037] The stress calculation formula of the roof goaf: where σ is the stress of the roof, F is the total load borne by the roof, and A is the exposed area of the roof goaf;

[0038] The roof displacement monitoring formula: Δh = h 0 -h t , where Δh is the displacement of the roof, h 0 is the initial height, and h t is the height at the current moment;

[0039] The exposed area change monitoring formula: A t = A 0 + ΔA, where A t is the exposed area at the current moment, A 0 is the initial exposed area of the stope, and ΔA is the increment of the exposed area.

[0040] Preferably, the stope roof stability determination formula:

[0041]

[0042] where S stability is the roof stability index; if S stability ≥ 1, the roof is stable; if S stability < 1, the roof is unstable and measures need to be taken; α, β, γ are the weight coefficients of different monitoring parameters; σ, Δh, A t are the stress, displacement, and exposed area values monitored in real time currently; σ limit , h limit , A limit are the safety thresholds of stress, displacement, and exposed area;

[0043] The alarm judgment formula: If S stability < 1, a safety alarm is issued.

[0044] Preferably, in the S3 step, the KZQJ-90 type column-mounted pneumatic rock drill is used to complete the medium-deep hole rock drilling operation through a customized mobile drill rig.

[0045] Preferably, in the S1 step, the stope length calculation formula: Lmine = L block × N, where L mine is the total length of the stope, L block is the length of a single ore block, and N is the number of ore blocks;

[0046] In the step S2, the blasting free surface calculation formula: A cut = L cut × H cut where A cut is the area of the free surface, L cut is the length of the cut - upward drift, and H cut is the height of the cut - upward drift;

[0047] In the step S3, the medium - deep hole rock - drilling efficiency calculation formula: where η drill is the rock - drilling efficiency, V drill is the total volume of rock - drilling, and T drill is the time required for rock - drilling;

[0048] In the step S4, the ore - caving volume calculation formula after blasting: Q blasted = V blasted × ρ rock ,

[0049] where Q blasted is the amount of ore after ore - caving, V blasted is the volume of the caved ore body, and ρ rock is the density of the ore;

[0050] The formula for the advancing speed of the free surface of the isolation device: where v progress is the advancing speed of the isolation device, D advance is the distance advanced by the isolation device, and T advance is the time required for advancement;

[0051] In the step S5, the calculation formula for the compensation space of the mine - used airbag:

[0052] where V cavity is the volume of the compensation space reserved during filling, r is the radius of the airbag, and h is the height of the airbag.

[0053] The present invention provides a medium - deep hole continuous mining method with relatively high efficiency. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. The present invention adopts medium-deep hole rock drilling technology and electric rake equipment, combined with efficient blasting and caving operations, to improve continuous operation capacity, and the mining efficiency is increased from 50 tons / day to 60 tons / day to more than 150 tons / day. At the same time, the ore recovery rate is increased to more than 90%, effectively reducing ore depletion and loss. In addition, the optimized mining process reduces the amount of mining and cutting engineering, reduces the comprehensive production cost by about 40%, and achieves lower mining costs and higher economic benefits.

[0055] 2. The present invention monitors the stress, displacement and exposure area of ​​the roof void area through a real-time monitoring system, and combines the application of mining airbags and the arrangement of isolation devices to effectively control the roof exposure area, reduce the risk of roof collapse, and enhance the safety of the overall operation. The compensation space reservation measures for the ore body during the filling operation and the continuous backward caving operation make the ore body roof more stable, further improving the safety management level of mining operations.

[0056] 3. The present invention significantly reduces the workload of manual operation and reduces labor intensity by introducing the KZQJ-90 column-type pneumatic rock drill and customized mobile drill frame, as well as the automated operation of the electric rake ore discharge equipment. In addition, the workers mainly work in the rock drilling tunnel to avoid exposure to the dangerous environment under the roof void area, thereby improving the safety and comfort of the working environment and further reducing the burden on underground workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the technical personnel in the technical field understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a partial embodiment of the present invention, not a complete embodiment. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0060] Example:

[0061] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a medium-deep hole continuous mining method with high efficiency, including the following steps: S1, ore blocks are arranged along the direction of the ore body, the length of the stope is planned to be 60 meters, and pedestrian ventilation strips are constructed in turn at the front and rear ends of the stope, and a safety exit is set;

[0062] S2, cutting uphill in the middle of the stope to be used as a free face for blasting operations;

[0063] S3. Construct medium-deep hole drilling roadways in the stope and conduct medium-deep hole drilling operations using customized mobile drill rigs;

[0064] S4. After drilling, using the cutting raise as the free face, conduct continuous retreating ore caving operations, and during the blasting process, arrange isolation devices and use the isolation devices as the free face to advance the mining operations;

[0065] S5. After each ore caving operation by blasting, use large-sized mining airbags to reserve space to form a compensation space for lateral blasting, so as to synchronously conduct the filling operation of the ore body;

[0066] S5. After filling, form false drifts or filling shafts through the reserved space of the large-sized airbags;

[0067] S6. After the ore caving operation, conduct centralized ore discharging, and use electric scraper equipment for centralized transportation and ore drawing of the ore;

[0068] S7. According to the change of the exposed area of the stope, arrange isolation devices near the ore body, and combined with the real-time monitoring system, conduct safety management of the roof goaf.

[0069] The benefits of S1 ensure the high efficiency and continuity of the operations, avoid the waste caused by repeated layout, provide sufficient ventilation guarantee, ensure the safety of the operators during underground work, provide multiple evacuation routes, and enhance safety;

[0070] The benefits of S2 ensure the improvement of blasting efficiency, reduce ore loss, and enhance the recovery rate;

[0071] The benefits of S3 significantly improve the efficiency of the drilling operation, avoid the time waste caused by frequent equipment movement, reduce the number of drilling times and manual operations, improve the mechanization degree of the operation, and reduce the labor intensity;

[0072] The benefits of S4 ensure the continuity of mining, reduce the pause time between operations, improve the overall mining efficiency, can effectively control the exposed area, reduce the risk of roof instability, and enhance the safety of roof management;

[0073] The benefits of S5 effectively absorb the lateral pressure generated by blasting, reduce the damage to the surrounding rock mass, enhance the overall stability of the stope, fill the goaf, reduce the collapse risk, and reduce the subsequent filling cost;

[0074] The benefits of S5 provide convenience for subsequent operations, reduce the need for new roadway construction, save the engineering quantity and cost, ensure the stability of the roof and the surrounding rock mass, effectively control the exposure of pores, and enhance safety;

[0075] The benefits of S6 achieve the mechanization and high efficiency of ore discharge, greatly reduce manual operations, improve operation efficiency, avoid ore accumulation in the stope, and ensure the operation space and safety in the stope;

[0076] The benefits of S7 effectively reduce the exposed area, reduce the load on the roof, enhance the stability of the roof, can give early warnings in time before safety risks occur, improve the safety of mine operations, and reduce the occurrence of accidents such as roof collapses.

[0077] In step S4, continuous retreating ore caving operations are carried out, and the width of each stoping is 6m to 8m; in step S4, the width of the isolation device set during the blasting process is 1.5m.

[0078] Stoping in batches ensures the continuity between ore caving operations, reduces the intermittent time, and improves the efficiency of the overall mining operation; restricting the width of each ore caving between 6m and 8m can reduce the exposed area, control the stress concentration on the roof, reduce the risk of roof caving or instability, enhance safety, improve the coherence and efficiency of the operation process, and reduce equipment wear and maintenance costs;

[0079] The width of the isolation device is 1.5m, which can isolate the goaf after ore caving from the operation area, ensure that the roof stability is effectively controlled during blasting and ore caving, and avoid the collapse of the goaf roof; the setting of the isolation device effectively reduces the exposed area of the goaf, controls the exposed surface of the ore body within a safe range, ensures uniform stress distribution on the roof, reduces the risk of roof collapse, enhances the controllability of safety management, reduces the risk of operating personnel being affected by the residual effect of ore caving in subsequent operations, and effectively guarantees the safety of operating personnel.

[0080] In step S6, the specific implementation steps for the electric scraper equipment to conduct centralized ore transportation and ore discharge are as follows:

[0081] S61. Reasonably arrange the electric scraper equipment in the ore room, ventilation lane or drilling lane in the stope;

[0082] According to the length, width and ore distribution of the stope, set up a suitable pulley and steel cable system. The port of the steel cable is connected to the electric scraper equipment and the ore transportation port, so that the raked materials are concentrated at the ore discharge port;

[0083] S62. In the mining area, the electric scraper equipment moves back and forth through the pulley and steel cable, and rakes the caved ore to the designated ore discharge port;

[0084] Starting from the ore caving point, the scraper runs to the ore discharge port and then returns to the initial position to complete a complete raking cycle;

[0085] S63. The ore raked out by the electric scraper equipment is concentrated at the ore transportation port, and then the ore is transported to the underground ore bin by a belt conveyor or a trolley to complete the ore discharge;

[0086] Use monitoring equipment to monitor the operation of the electric scraper equipment and the state of ore scraping in real time, and adjust the running speed and scraping direction of the electric scraper to avoid blockage or uneven ore accumulation.

[0087] S64. Optimize the moving path of the electric scraper according to the distribution of the ore, so that the distance for the ore to be concentrated at the ore outlet is the shortest, and the scraping path avoids obstacles in the stope.

[0088] The cycle times, scraping speed and ore quantity carried each time of the electric scraper equipment should be optimized according to the volume and density of the ore.

[0089] The benefits of S61 ensure that the equipment can cover the ore areas in the ore room, ventilation drift or drilling drift, effectively reduce the movement and re-arrangement of the equipment, improve the work efficiency, reduce the ore conveying time, improve the ore discharging efficiency, avoid uneven stress during the operation of the equipment, ensure continuous and efficient operation, and ensure continuous high-efficiency operation.

[0090] The benefits of S62 can quickly concentrate the caved ore to the designated ore outlet, complete the cycle operation of scraping and returning, improve the ore conveying efficiency, realize unmanned or less manned operation, reduce the labor intensity of manual operation, improve the work efficiency, and at the same time, reduce the safety risk of manual intervention in the mining area, and further improve the ore extraction and conveying efficiency.

[0091] The benefits of S63 form an automated ore conveying chain, greatly reduce the manpower transportation demand, reduce the manual transportation cost, use monitoring equipment to monitor the operation status of the electric scraper equipment in real time, adjust the running speed and scraping direction in time, avoid uneven ore accumulation or equipment blockage, ensure the stable and efficient operation of the equipment, reduce the equipment failure time, ensure the coherence of the ore conveying process, and avoid operation interruption caused by blockage.

[0092] The benefits of S64 ensure the shortest conveying distance, reduce the ineffective movement of the equipment, improve the ore conveying efficiency, the electric scraper equipment can effectively avoid obstacles in the stope, ensure the efficient operation of the equipment in a complex mining environment, avoid collisions and failures, realize the optimal resource utilization rate of the equipment, and reduce unnecessary energy waste.

[0093] In step S6, during the process of centralized conveying and discharging of ore based on the electric scraper equipment, the algorithm formula involved in the operation of the electric scraper equipment is as follows:

[0094] Working efficiency formula of the electric scraper equipment: Where, Q represents the ore quantity scraped in each scraping cycle, and T represents the time of each scraping cycle.

[0095] Ore scraping quantity calculation formula: Assume the density of the ore is ρ (tons per cubic meter), and the volume of the ore scraped each time by the electric scraper is V (cubic meters), then the ore scraping quantity Q is: Q = ρ × V.

[0096] Among them, ρ is the density of the ore, and V is the volume of the ore raked out by the electric scraper each time;

[0097] Calculation formula for the number of cycles: If the total amount of ore in the stope is Q total (tons), and the amount of ore raked out by the electric scraper each time is Q, then the number of cycles N required to complete the ore raking is:

[0098] Among them, Q total is the total amount of ore in the stope, and Q is the amount of ore raked out in each cycle;

[0099] Calculation formula for the moving speed of the electric scraper: Assuming the moving distance of the electric scraper is d (meters) and the average moving speed of the electric scraper is v (m / s), then the time T for each cycle is:

[0100] Among them, d is the distance from the starting point of the electric scraper to the ore conveyor outlet, and v is the moving speed of the electric scraper equipment;

[0101] Calculation formula for the energy consumption of the electric scraper: E = P × T, where E is the energy consumption of the electric scraper, P is the power of the electric scraper, and T is the time required for the ore raking process.

[0102] The function of the working efficiency formula of the electric scraper equipment is to calculate the working efficiency of the electric scraper equipment during the ore raking process. η represents the amount of ore raked out per hour or per unit time. By calculating the efficiency of each raking cycle, it helps to optimize the operating speed of the electric scraper and the amount of ore raked out each time, thereby improving the overall working efficiency;

[0103] The function of the ore raking amount calculation formula is to calculate the total weight of the ore raked out by the electric scraper each time. By estimating the density and raked volume of the ore, the electric scraper adjusts the operation strategy according to the parameters to ensure the maximum ore output in each raking operation;

[0104] The function of the cycle number calculation formula is to calculate the total number of cycles required to complete the ore raking. By calculating the number of cycles, the operator can plan the workload of the raking task, estimate the time required to complete the ore transportation operation, so as to arrange the subsequent operations efficiently;

[0105] The function of the moving speed calculation formula of the electric scraper is to calculate the time for the electric scraper equipment to rake out the ore back and forth each time. By calculating the moving distance and speed, it optimizes the speed and working path of the electric scraper, avoids unnecessary time waste, and improves the operation efficiency;

[0106] The function of the energy consumption calculation formula of the electric scraper is to calculate the total energy consumed by the electric scraper equipment during the operation process. By calculating the energy consumption, the management personnel can estimate the energy consumption of the electric scraper equipment, optimize the energy use, reduce the operation cost and ensure the economy of the equipment operation.

[0107] In step S7, the real-time monitoring system is used for safety management of the roof goaf in the stope. The following are the relevant algorithm formulas for calculating and judging key parameters in the monitoring system:

[0108] Stress calculation formula for the roof goaf: Among them, σ is the stress of the roof, F is the total load borne by the roof, and A is the exposed area of the roof goaf;

[0109] Roof displacement monitoring formula: Δh = h 0 -h t , where Δh is the displacement of the roof, h 0 is the initial height, and h t is the height at the current moment;

[0110] Exposed area change monitoring formula: A t = A 0 + ΔA, where A t is the exposed area at the current moment, A 0 is the initial exposed area of the stope, and ΔA is the increment of the exposed area;

[0111] Stope roof stability judgment formula:

[0112]

[0113] Among them, S stability is the roof stability index; if S stability ≥ 1, the roof is stable; if S stability < 1, the roof is unstable and measures need to be taken; α, β, γ are the weight coefficients of different monitoring parameters; σ, Δh, A t are the stress, displacement, and exposed area values monitored in real time currently; σ limit , h limit , A limit are the safety thresholds of stress, displacement, and exposed area;

[0114] Alarm judgment formula: If S stability < 1, a safety alarm is issued.

[0115] The function of the stress calculation formula for the roof goaf is to calculate the stress level of the roof goaf, help judge whether the total load borne by the roof is within the safe range. By calculating the stress σ of the roof, the pressure change of the goaf roof can be monitored in time to ensure the stability of the roof. If the stress exceeds the bearing capacity of the roof material, the system issues an alarm to remind taking remedial measures;

[0116] The function of the roof displacement monitoring formula is to monitor the displacement of the roof, calculate the sinking or displacement of the roof over a period of time, and determine the degree of movement of the roof by measuring the difference between the initial height and the current height. If the displacement of the roof exceeds the set safety threshold, it means that the roof is unstable, and the monitoring system will issue an alarm and take reinforcement measures;

[0117] The role of the exposure area change monitoring formula is to monitor the changes in the exposure area of ​​the stope. As mining operations proceed, the exposure area increases. By calculating the exposure area in real time, it is determined whether reinforcement or support measures need to be taken to prevent the risk of roof collapse or instability caused by excessive exposure area.

[0118] The formula for determining the stability of the mining roof integrates the key factors of stress, displacement and exposure area to evaluate the overall stability of the mining roof. If the roof stability index is greater than or equal to 1, the roof is stable. If it is less than 1, it means that the roof is unstable and support or reinforcement measures need to be taken immediately.

[0119] The alarm judgment formula can be used to judge the safety of the mining area roof in real time. By comprehensively monitoring stress, displacement and exposure area, if the roof stability index S stability When it is less than 1, the system will issue a safety alarm to remind workers that there is a risk of roof instability and require them to take protective measures immediately.

[0120] In step S3, a KZQJ-90 column-type pneumatic rock drill is used to complete medium-deep hole drilling operations through a customized mobile drill rig.

[0121] The KZQJ-90 column-type pneumatic rock drill is an efficient rock drilling equipment that can perform medium-deep hole rock drilling operations in the mining field to ensure that the rock drilling task is completed quickly and efficiently. It has strong power and is suitable for various complex geological conditions. It can drill holes quickly and provide sufficient free surface for subsequent blasting operations.

[0122] Through the customized mobile drilling rig, the rock drill can be flexibly moved in the mining area and adjusted according to different geological conditions and operation requirements to meet the rock drilling needs of complex ore bodies. The mobile drilling rig can shorten the equipment rearrangement time in the mining area and improve the continuity of operations.

[0123] The KZQJ-90 pneumatic rock drill equipped with a mobile drill rig can quickly complete the rock drilling operation, reduce the movement and stop time of the equipment, and enable the rock drilling work to proceed continuously, significantly improving the overall mining efficiency;

[0124] The high degree of automation of pneumatic rock drills reduces dependence on manual operation. Workers only need to operate and monitor the equipment, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of manual rock drilling underground and improves the safety and comfort of operations.

[0125] In step S1, the calculation formula for the stope length is: Lmine = L block × N, where L mine is the total length of the stope, L block is the length of a single ore block, and N is the number of ore blocks;

[0126] In step S2, the calculation formula for the blasting free surface: A cut = L cut × H cut where A cut is the area of the free surface, L cut is the length of the cut - up raise, and H cut is the height of the cut - up raise;

[0127] In step S3, the calculation formula for the medium - deep hole drilling efficiency: where η drill is the drilling efficiency, V drill is the total volume of drilling, and T drill is the time required for drilling;

[0128] In step S4, the calculation formula for the ore volume after blasting: Q blasted = V blasted × ρ rock ,

[0129] where Q blasted is the ore volume after ore caving, V blasted is the volume of the caved - in ore body, and ρ rock is the density of the ore;

[0130] The formula for the advancing speed of the free surface of the isolation device: where v progress is the advancing speed of the isolation device, D advance is the distance the isolation device advances, and T advance is the time required for advancement;

[0131] In step S5, the calculation formula for the compensation space of the mine airbag:

[0132] where V cavity is the volume of the compensation space reserved during filling, r is the radius of the airbag, and h is the height of the airbag.

[0133] The calculation formula for the stope length is used to calculate the total length of the stope. By determining the length of each ore block and the number of ore blocks, the layout of the stope can be reasonably planned to ensure uniform and scientific ore block arrangement and improve the mining efficiency;

[0134] The calculation formula for the blasting free surface is used to calculate the area of the free surface provided by the cut - up raise during blasting, ensuring sufficient free space for blasting, thereby improving the blasting efficiency and ore caving effect and increasing the recovery rate;

[0135] The function of the calculation formula for medium-deep hole rock drilling efficiency is to calculate the efficiency of medium-deep hole rock drilling. By calculating the total volume of the rock drilling operation and the required time, the rock drilling efficiency is evaluated, which helps to optimize the scheduling and progress of the rock drilling operation and ensure the efficient progress of the mining work;

[0136] The function of the calculation formula for the ore caving volume after blasting is to calculate the amount of ore produced by ore caving after blasting. By calculating the caving volume and the ore density, the total amount of ore produced after blasting can be accurately estimated, which helps to plan the subsequent ore transportation and processing processes;

[0137] The function of the formula for the advancing speed of the free surface of the isolation device is to calculate the advancing speed of the isolation device during ore caving, which helps to evaluate the advancing efficiency of the mining operation. If the advancing speed is slow, it will affect the operation progress, and if it is fast, it will lead to unsafe situations;

[0138] The function of the calculation formula for the airbag compensation space in mines is to calculate the volume of the compensation space reserved during filling, ensuring that there is a compensation space to absorb the energy generated by blasting during filling, preventing the damage of the ore body and the roof, and improving the safety and stability of the stope.

[0139] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A medium-deep hole continuous mining method with high efficiency, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The ore blocks are arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the length of the stope is planned to be 60 meters. The front and rear ends of the stope are constructed in sequence to allow pedestrians to go up the mountain for ventilation, and a safe exit is set; S2, cutting uphill in the middle of the stope to be used as a free face for blasting operations; S3. Construct medium-deep hole rock drilling tunnels in the stope, and use customized mobile drilling rigs to carry out medium-deep hole rock drilling operations; S4. After the rock drilling is completed, the cutting uphill is used as the free face to carry out continuous backward caving operation, and during the blasting process, the isolation device is arranged and the isolation device is used as the free face to advance the mining operation; S5. After each blasting and collapsing operation is completed, a large-sized mining airbag is used to reserve space to form a compensation space for lateral blasting, so as to carry out the ore body filling operation simultaneously; S5. After filling is completed, a false lane or a filling well is formed through the reserved space of the large-sized airbag; S6. After the mine collapse operation, the ore is discharged in a centralized manner, and electric rake equipment is used for centralized transportation and unloading of the ore; S7. According to the changes in the exposed area of ​​the mining area, isolation devices are arranged near the ore body, and combined with the real-time monitoring system, the roof empty area is safely managed.

2. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, a continuous backward caving operation is performed, and the width of each mining operation is 6m to 8m.

3. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the width of the isolation device set during the blasting process is 1.5m.

4. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6, the specific implementation steps of the electric rake equipment for centralized transportation and unloading of ore are as follows: S61. Reasonably arrange electric rake equipment in the mine room, ventilation tunnel or rock drilling tunnel in the mining area; According to the length and width of the stope and the distribution of the ore, a suitable pulley and cable system is set up. The end of the cable is connected to the electric rake equipment and the ore conveying port, so that the raked materials are concentrated at the ore outlet; S62. In the mining area, the electric rake equipment moves back and forth through pulleys and steel cables to rake the collapsed ore to the designated outlet; Starting from the ore collapse point, the rake runs to the ore outlet, and then returns to the initial position to complete the complete rake-out cycle; S63, the ore raked out by the electric rake equipment is concentrated at the ore conveying port, and then the ore is transported to the underground ore bin by a belt conveyor or a bucket car to complete the ore unloading; Use monitoring equipment to monitor the operation of the electric rake equipment and the raking status of the ore in real time, and adjust the operating speed and raking direction of the electric rake to avoid blockage or uneven ore accumulation; S64. According to the distribution of the ore, the moving path of the electric rake is optimized so that the distance from the ore to the ore outlet is the shortest and the rake path avoids obstacles in the mining area; The number of cycles of the electric rake equipment, the raking speed and the amount of ore carried each time should be optimized according to the volume and density of the ore.

5. The method for continuous medium-long hole mining with high efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S6, in the process of centralized ore transportation and ore discharge based on the electric rake equipment, the algorithm formula involved in the operation of the electric rake equipment is as follows: The working efficiency formula of the electric rake equipment is: Wherein, Q represents the amount of ore raked out in each raking cycle, and T represents the time of each raking cycle; The calculation formula of the ore raking amount is: Assuming that the density of the ore is ρ (tons / cubic meter), the volume of ore raked out by the electric rake each time is V (cubic meter), then the ore raking amount Q is: Q = ρ × V, Among them, ρ is the density of the ore, and V is the volume of the ore raked out by the electric rake each time.

6. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the number of cycles is: If the total amount of ore in the stope is Q total (tons), the amount of ore raked out by the electric rake each time is Q, then the number of cycles N required to complete the ore raking is: Among them, Q total is the total amount of ore in the stope, and Q is the amount of ore raked out in each cycle; The calculation formula of the moving speed of the electric rake is: Assuming that the moving distance of the electric rake is d (meters), and the average moving speed of the electric rake is v (meters / second), the time T of each cycle is: Wherein, d is the distance from the starting point of the electric rake to the ore conveying port, and v is the moving speed of the electric rake equipment; The energy consumption calculation formula of the electric rake is: E=P×T, wherein E is the energy consumption of the electric rake, P is the power of the electric rake, and T is the time required for the raking process of ore.

7. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S7, the real-time monitoring system is used to perform safety management on the roof void area of ​​the stope. The following is a related algorithm formula for calculating and judging key parameters in the monitoring system: The stress calculation formula of the top plate empty area is: Among them, σ is the stress of the top plate, F is the total load borne by the top plate, and A is the exposed area of ​​the top plate void; The top plate displacement monitoring formula: Δh = h0-h t , where Δh is the displacement of the top plate, h0 is the initial height, and h t is the height at the current moment; The exposure area change monitoring formula: A t =A0+ΔA, where A t is the exposure area at the current moment, A0 is the initial exposure area of ​​the stope, and ΔA is the increment of the exposure area.

8. A highly efficient medium-deep hole continuous mining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula for determining the stability of the stope roof is: Among them, S stability is the roof stability index; if S stability ≥1, the top plate is stable; if S stability <1, the roof is unstable and measures need to be taken; α, β, γ are weight coefficients of different monitoring parameters; σ, Δh, A t is the stress, displacement and exposure area value currently monitored in real time; σ limit 、h limit , A limit Safety thresholds for stress, displacement, and exposure area; The alarm judgment formula: If S stability <1, a security alert is issued.

9. The method for continuous medium-long hole mining with high efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, a KZQJ-90 column-type pneumatic rock drill is used to complete the medium-deep hole drilling operation through a customized mobile drill rig.

10. The method for continuous medium-long hole mining with high efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the stope length is calculated as: L mine =L block ×N, where L mine is the total length of the stope, L block is the length of a single block, N is the number of blocks; In the step S2, the blasting free surface calculation formula is: A cut =L cut ×H cut , where A cut is the area of ​​the free surface, L cut is the length of the cut uphill, H cut is the height of the cut up the mountain; In step S3, the calculation formula for the medium-deep hole drilling efficiency is: Among them, η drill is the drilling efficiency, V drill is the total volume of rock drilled, T drill It is the time required for rock drilling; In the step S4, the calculation formula for the amount of ore collapse after blasting is: Q blasted =V blasted ×ρ rock , Among them, Q blasted is the amount of ore after the mine collapse, V blasted is the volume of the collapsed ore body, ρ rock is the density of the ore; The formula for the propulsion speed of the free surface of the isolation device is: Among them, v progress is the advancement speed of the isolation device, D advance is the distance the isolation device moves, T advance It is the time needed to advance; In the step S5, the calculation formula of the mining airbag compensation space is: Among them, V cavity is the volume of the compensation space reserved during filling, r is the radius of the airbag, and h is the height of the airbag.

Images