A coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device

Abstract

The application discloses a coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device and relates to the technical field of mining monitoring equipment. The technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a fixing structure, an extension structure, a connecting structure, fixing nails and a monitor, the fixing structure and the extension structure are connected through the fixing nails at two ends, the extension structure and the connecting structure are detachably connected, and the monitor is connected to the connecting structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining monitoring equipment technology, and more specifically, to a coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways mainly involves monitoring the measured or predicted final displacement, the rate of displacement change, and the rate of deformation. Current technologies for monitoring surrounding rock stability primarily rely on sensors used for this purpose, such as displacement sensors, strain sensors, and pressure sensors.

[0003] Sensors for monitoring surrounding rock stability are widely used in underground engineering projects such as mines and tunnels to monitor the deformation of support structures and ensure the safety and stability of underground spaces. By monitoring the strain and displacement of the surrounding rock in real time, potential safety hazards can be detected in a timely manner, and corresponding measures can be taken for reinforcement and treatment to ensure the safety of underground projects.

[0004] However, due to various factors such as the intended use and actual terrain during tunnel excavation, differences exist between tunnels in terms of space and inclination angle. Therefore, the installation of sensors for monitoring surrounding rock stability is not always smooth. Data published in the 2022 issue of "Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Technology" shows that the failure rate of existing sensor installations is as high as 25%. Even when installation is successful, there are cases where the monitoring range is not comprehensive, leading to errors in the assessment of coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability. Statistics show that existing devices have blind spots exceeding 15% due to fixed sensor installation locations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device that is applicable to different roadways, facilitates the installation of sensors for surrounding rock stability monitoring, and achieves good monitoring results.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device, comprising a fixed structure, an extension structure, a connecting structure, a fixing nail and a monitor, wherein the two ends of the fixed structure and the extension structure are connected by the fixing nail, the extension structure and the connecting structure are detachably connected, and the monitor is connected to the connecting structure;

[0007] The fixing structure includes a connecting plate and a U-shaped nail. Each of the four corners of the connecting plate is provided with a connecting hole. The U-shaped nail is used to connect two connecting plates. A magnet is provided on the side of the connecting plate near the extension structure.

[0008] The extension structure includes a second connecting plate and an annular connecting ring. The four corners of the second connecting plate are provided with second connecting holes. The annular connecting ring is used to connect two second connecting plates. The second connecting plate is provided with a second magnet on the side near the fixed structure. The second connecting plate is provided with a first connecting base on the side near the connecting structure.

[0009] The connection structure includes a rigid component and a flexible component, which are detachably connected. The rigid component has a through hole at its center. A connecting base one is connected to a connecting head, which is connected to the connecting base one by a thread. A rigid connector is fixedly connected to the connecting head, which is adapted to the through hole. A connecting base two is detachably connected to the rigid connector, and a monitor is detachably connected to the connecting base two.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the required number of connecting plates 1 and 2 is determined according to the surrounding rock conditions of different roadways. Connecting plates 1 are connected in pairs using U-shaped nails to form a fixed structure. Connecting plates 2 are connected in pairs using annular connecting rings to form an extended structure. Rigid connectors are assembled with connecting plates 2 one by one. Simultaneously, soft and rigid components are assembled according to the number of connecting plates 2, with each rigid component corresponding to one connecting plate 2. The rigid connectors are passed through the through holes in the rigid components, and finally, the connecting base 2 is attached to the rigid connectors to form the connection structure.

[0011] Subsequently, the two ends of connecting plate one and connecting plate two are connected by fixing nails. The fixing nails and U-shaped nails are then fixed inside the surrounding rock of the roadway, thus securing the fixed structure, extension structure, and connecting structure. Under the influence of gravity, the connecting structure and extension structure will naturally fall. However, since the surrounding rock of coal mine roadways is usually arched, it is not always possible to fix them to the top of the surrounding rock during each fixing process. Sometimes, some components need to be installed vertically. In the case of vertical installation, due to their own weight alone, the extension structure and the fixed structure may come into contact. In this situation, when installing the monitor at this location, the monitor is too close to the surrounding rock and may be obstructed by protruding rocks, resulting in incomplete monitoring data.

[0012] Under the structural design of the device of this invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rock of different roadways, a corresponding number of connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixed structure of suitable length. Then, according to the number of fixed structure blocks, extension structures and connecting structures are assembled to construct the basic skeleton of the device. The basic fixation of the device is achieved by U-shaped nails and fixing nails, and the assembly of the connecting structure and extension structure is achieved by the connecting base on the connecting plate and the connecting head on the rigid connector.

[0013] The fixed structure in this device secures the device to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The magnetic repulsion between the fixed structure and the extension structure, achieved by magnets one and two, along with the gravity of the extension and connecting structures themselves, pushes the monitor connected to the connecting structure away from the surrounding rock of the tunnel. This effectively avoids interference from irregular rocks and other irregularities in the surrounding rock during the monitoring of the stability of the tunnel, which would otherwise result in incomplete monitoring data.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that the diameter of the first connecting hole is greater than the diameter of the U-shaped nail.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the diameter of the connecting hole is larger, so even with the connection of the U-shaped nail, the two connecting plates can move at a certain angle relative to each other.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that the annular connecting ring is assembled from a semi-annular connecting buckle one and a semi-annular connecting buckle two.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting plate 2 can be quickly disassembled or assembled by using the semi-circular connecting buckle 1 and semi-circular connecting buckle 2.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are of the same size.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the fact that the dimensions of connecting plate one and connecting plate two are the same can effectively ensure that the dimensions of the fixed structure and the extension structure are consistent after connection, and ensure that magnet one and magnet two are smoothly set relative to each other along the same axis, and that the magnetic poles are opposite in direction.

[0020] The present invention is further configured such that the diameter of the second connecting hole is greater than the diameter of the annular connecting ring.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the diameter of the second connecting hole is larger than the diameter of the annular connecting ring, so that even with the connection of the annular connecting ring, the two connecting plates can move relative to each other at a certain angle.

[0022] The present invention is further configured such that: the first magnet and the second magnet are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and the magnetic poles are in opposite directions.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fixed structure is installed in the tunnel, the magnet one and magnet two are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and the opposite magnetic poles can effectively cooperate with gravity to achieve separation between the fixed structure and the extension structure.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that the fixing nails are available in sizes of 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the distance between the fixed structure and the extension structure can be adjusted in various ranges using fixing nails of different specifications, so as to adapt to more different roadways.

[0026] The present invention is further configured such that: the rigid connector has a built-in strong magnetic clasp, and the strong magnetic clasp magnetically attracts and connects to the base two.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the strong magnetic buckle can effectively fix the base and the rigid connector.

[0028] The invention is further configured such that the soft component is made of elastic rubber, a stretch band, or other materials with elastic deformation capabilities.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, during the deformation process of the extended structure under its own gravity and the magnetic force between magnet one and magnet two, the connecting structure can also undergo corresponding deformation under the action of the soft component.

[0030] The present invention is further configured such that the connection between the monitor and the connecting base is a threaded connection or a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the monitor and the connecting base can be easily disassembled and installed through threaded or snap-fit ​​connections.

[0032] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] Under the structural design of the device of this invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rock of different roadways, a corresponding number of connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixed structure of suitable length. Then, according to the number of fixed structure blocks, extension structures and connecting structures are assembled to construct the basic skeleton of the device. The basic fixation of the device is achieved by U-shaped nails and fixing nails, and the assembly of the connecting structure and extension structure is achieved by the connecting base on the connecting plate and the connecting head on the rigid connector.

[0034] The fixed structure in this device secures the device to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The magnetic repulsion between the fixed structure and the extension structure, achieved by magnets one and two, along with the gravity of the extension and connecting structures themselves, pushes the monitor connected to the connecting structure away from the surrounding rock of the tunnel. This effectively avoids interference from irregular rocks and other irregularities in the surrounding rock during the monitoring of the stability of the tunnel, which would otherwise result in incomplete monitoring data.

[0035] In summary, this device is applicable to different roadways, facilitates the installation of sensors for monitoring surrounding rock stability, and achieves good monitoring results. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixed structure and the extension structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixed structure and the extension structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a front view of the connecting plate two when connected in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a front view of the connecting plate 1 when connected in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the back of the connecting plate two when they are connected in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rigid connector and the rigid component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the U-shaped nail and the connecting hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the annular connecting ring and the second connecting hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-circular connecting buckle one and the semi-circular connecting buckle two in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the rigid connector in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1. Fixed structure; 2. Extended structure; 3. Connecting structure; 4. Connecting hole one; 5. U-shaped nail; 6. Magnet one; 7. Connecting plate one; 8. Connecting hole two; 9. Annular connecting ring; 10. Connecting base one; 11. Connecting plate two; 12. Magnet two; 13. Connecting head; 14. Rigid connector; 15. Connecting base two; 16. Rigid component; 17. Flexible component; 18. Fixed nail; 19. Monitor; 20. Through hole; 21. Semi-annular connecting buckle one; 22. Semi-annular connecting buckle two; 23. Strong magnetic buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-12 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0050] Example: A coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device includes a fixed structure 1, an extension structure 2, a connecting structure 3, fixing nails 18, and a monitor 19. The two ends of the fixed structure 1 and the extension structure 2 are connected by fixing nails 18. The extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3 are detachably connected. The monitor 19 is connected to the connecting structure 3. The fixing nails 18 are available in lengths of 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm.

[0051] The fixing structure 1 includes a connecting plate 7 and a U-shaped nail 5. Each of the four corners of the connecting plate 7 has a connecting hole 4. The U-shaped nail 5 is used to connect two connecting plates 7, and the diameter of the connecting hole 4 is larger than the diameter of the U-shaped nail 5. A magnet 6 is provided on the side of the connecting plate 7 near the extension structure 2.

[0052] The extension structure 2 includes a second connecting plate 11 and an annular connecting ring 9. Each of the four corners of the second connecting plate 11 has a second connecting hole 8. The annular connecting ring 9 is used to connect two second connecting plates 11 and is assembled from a semi-annular connecting buckle 21 and a semi-annular connecting buckle 22. The diameter of the second connecting hole 8 is larger than the diameter of the annular connecting ring 9. A second magnet 12 is provided on the side of the second connecting plate 11 near the fixed structure 1, and a connecting base 10 is provided on the side of the second connecting plate 11 near the connecting structure 3.

[0053] The connecting plate 7 and the connecting plate 11 are the same size, and the magnet 6 and the magnet 12 are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and have opposite magnetic pole directions.

[0054] The connection structure 3 includes a rigid component 16 and a flexible component 17, which are detachably connected. The rigid component 16 has a through hole 20 at its center. A connecting base 10 is connected to a connecting head 13, which is threaded to the connecting base 10. A rigid connector 14 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 13, and the rigid connector 14 is adapted to the through hole 20. A connecting base 25 is detachably connected to the rigid connector 14, which has a built-in strong magnetic snap 23 that magnetically attracts the connecting base 25. The magnetic force of the strong magnetic snap 23 is ≥5N, suitable for monitors 19 weighing less than 10kg. The connecting base 25 is detachably connected to the monitor 19. The connection between the monitor 19 and the connecting base 25 is either threaded or snap-fit. The flexible component 17 is made of elastic rubber, a stretch band, or other materials with elastic deformation capabilities. When using elastic rubber to prepare soft components, the elastic rubber has a Shore hardness of 60±5 and a tensile strength of ≥8MPa.

[0055] Under the structural design of the device of the present invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rock of different roadways, a corresponding number of connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixed structure 1 of suitable length. Then, according to the number of fixed structure 1 blocks, an extension structure 2 and a connecting structure 3 are assembled to construct the basic skeleton of the device. The basic fixation of the device is achieved by U-shaped nails 5 and fixing nails 18, and the assembly of the connecting structure 3 and the extension structure 2 is achieved by the connecting base 10 on the connecting plate and the connecting head 13 on the rigid connector 14.

[0056] The fixing structure 1 in this device secures the device to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The magnetic repulsion between the fixing structure 1 and the extension structure 2, achieved through magnets 6 and 12, along with the gravity of the extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3, pushes the monitor 19, connected to the connecting structure 3, away from the surrounding rock. This effectively prevents interference from irregular rocks or other irregularities during the monitoring of the tunnel's stability, thus avoiding incomplete monitoring data. Testing showed that when the distance between magnets 6 and 12 is 5cm, the repulsive force reaches 2N. Combined with the 50% expansion / contraction rate of the soft component 17, this ensures a minimum distance of ≥10cm between the monitor 19 and the surrounding rock.

[0057] Working principle: During use, the number of connecting plates required is determined according to the surrounding rock conditions of different roadways. The U-shaped nails 5 are passed through the connecting holes 4 of the two connecting plates 7 located close to each other, and the connecting plates are connected in pairs to form a fixed structure 1.

[0058] Select the same number of connecting plates as connecting plate one, and connect the connecting plates two by two of the semi-circular connecting buckles 21 and 22 of the annular connecting ring 9 to form the extension structure 2.

[0059] The rigid connector 14 is assembled with the connecting plate 2 one by one through the connector head 13 at the bottom of the rigid connecting plate and the connecting base 10 on the connecting plate 2. The connector head 13 is connected to the rigid connecting plate by threads. Each rigid connecting plate corresponds to one connecting plate 2. The number of rigid components 16 is determined by the number of rigid connecting plates. A flexible component 17 is connected between every two rigid components 16. The rigid components 16 and flexible components 17 can be fixed by detachable fixing methods such as snaps or adhesive. Then, the rigid connector 14 is passed through the through hole 20 in the rigid component 16. Finally, a connecting base 25 is attached to each rigid connector 14 to form the connection structure 3.

[0060] At this point, the two ends of connecting plate one and connecting plate two are connected by fixing nail 18. Fixing nail 18 and U-shaped nail 5 are fixed one by one inside the surrounding rock of the roadway, thereby fixing the fixing structure 1, the extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3.

[0061] Under the influence of gravity, connecting structure 3 and extension structure 2 will fall naturally. However, since the surrounding rock of coal mine roadways is usually arched, it is not always possible to fix the device to the top of the surrounding rock during fixing. Sometimes, some components need to be installed vertically. In the case of vertical installation, due to their own weight alone, extension structure 2 and fixing structure 1 may come into contact. In this case, when the monitor 19 is installed at this location, the monitor 19 is close to the surrounding rock and may be obstructed by protruding rocks, resulting in incomplete monitoring. To avoid the above situation, a magnet 6 is provided on connecting plate 1 and a magnet 12 is provided on connecting plate 2. Magnet 6 and magnet 12 are correspondingly arranged, and their opposite poles are the same, so they repel each other. In addition, since a soft component 17 with elastic deformation capability is provided in connecting structure 3, the elastic deformation of the soft component 17 combined with magnetic repulsion can effectively realize multi-angle adaptive adjustment of the monitor 19, which can more comprehensively realize the monitoring of the stability of coal mine roadways.

[0062] After the above assembly is completed, during use, fixing nails 18 and U-shaped nails 5 are fixed to the surrounding rock of the tunnel to effectively secure the basic framework structure of the device. However, due to differences in the width, inclination angle, and shape and structure of surrounding rocks in different tunnels, the installation position of this device is not fixed. The optimal installation method for this device is to install it at the top center of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. After connecting the monitor 19, it can better monitor the surrounding conditions and ensure better monitoring of the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0063] However, in some roadways where the surrounding rock makes the above installation method impossible, it can be installed on the sidewall, or partially on the sidewall and partially on the roof, depending on actual needs. After numerous practical operations, it was found that when installed in roadways with a 30° inclination angle, the monitoring error rate of this device was reduced by 18% compared to traditional devices.

[0064] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a fixed structure (1), an extension structure (2), a connecting structure (3), a fixing nail (18), and a monitor (19). The two ends of the fixed structure (1) and the extension structure (2) are connected by the fixing nail (18). The extension structure (2) and the connecting structure (3) are detachably connected. The monitor (19) is connected to the connecting structure (3). The fixing structure (1) includes a connecting plate (7) and a U-shaped nail (5). The four corners of the connecting plate (7) are provided with connecting holes (4). The U-shaped nail (5) is used to connect two connecting plates (7). The connecting plate (7) is provided with a magnet (6) on the side near the extension structure (2). The extension structure (2) includes a connecting plate two (11) and an annular connecting ring (9). The four corners of the connecting plate two (11) are provided with connecting holes two (8). The annular connecting ring (9) is used to connect two connecting plates two (11). The connecting plate two (11) is provided with a magnet two (12) on the side near the fixed structure (1). The connecting plate two (11) is provided with a connecting base one (10) on the side near the connecting structure (3). The connection structure (3) includes a rigid component (16) and a flexible component (17). The rigid component (16) and the flexible component (17) are detachably connected. The rigid component (16) has a through hole (20) at its center. The first connecting base (10) is connected to a connecting head (13). The connecting head (13) is connected to the first connecting base (10) by a thread. The connecting head (13) is fixedly connected to a rigid connector (14). The rigid connector (14) is adapted to the through hole (20). The rigid connector (14) is detachably connected to a second connecting base (15). The second connecting base (15) is detachably connected to a monitor (19).

2. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the connecting hole (4) is greater than the diameter of the U-shaped nail (5).

3. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular connecting ring (9) is assembled from a semi-annular connecting buckle one (21) and a semi-annular connecting buckle two (22).

4. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate one (7) and the connecting plate two (11) have the same dimensions.

5. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the second connecting hole (8) is larger than the diameter of the annular connecting ring (9).

6. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnet (6) and the second magnet (12) are arranged opposite each other along the same axis and have opposite magnetic pole directions.

7. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing nails (18) are available in sizes of 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm.

8. The coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid connector (14) has a built-in strong magnetic buckle (23), which magnetically attracts and connects to the base (15).

9. A coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soft component (17) includes, but is not limited to, elastic rubber and elastic band.

10. A coal mine roadway surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the monitor (19) and the connecting base (15) is either threaded or snap-fit.

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