Underwater shaped charge blasting silt throwing method and device

Abstract

The invention provides an underwater shaped charge blasting silt throwing method and device, and belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering.The method is characterized in that a non-filling space is arranged at the top end, filled in a vertical blasting pipe, of emulsion explosive, the non-filling space is in an inverted cone shape, the tip end of the inverted cone faces downwards, and the bottom face of the inverted cone faces upwards; the non-filling space forms an energy-gathering cavity for blasting of the blasting tube; due to the arrangement of the energy-gathered holes, blasting energy gathering is achieved in the blasting generation process, and the effect of fixing a fixed point and orienting the energy-gathered direction is achieved on the explosion cavities; the throwing and filling operation is carried out above the deep-buried blasting pipe, throwing and filling stone is thrown to the position above a blasting point, an explosion cavity is formed in the energy gathering direction during blasting, and the throwing and filling stone arranged above the explosion cavity falls into the explosion cavity to form a foundation under the action of self weight and falling back impact. According to the invention, the blasting cavity throws the throwing and filling stones in an oriented manner, so that the loss of energy diffused to the periphery is reduced, the throwing and filling stones can reach a deeper replacement depth under the action of self weight and falling impact, and a good replacement and filling effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting engineering, and particularly to a method and device for underwater shaped charge blasting and muck throwing Background Technique

[0002] Generally, with the continuous development of coastal reclamation projects in China, various complex strata such as coastal muddy coasts are often encountered. This part of the soil has characteristics such as high water content, large thickness, and low strength, and foundation treatment must be carried out. The commonly used methods mainly include drainage consolidation method, vacuum preloading method, high-pressure jet grouting method, sand pile method, blasting silt replacement method, etc.

[0003] The blasting silt replacement construction technology has been widely used in recent years. This construction technology was initially called the "explosion muck replacement and rock filling method" and has been successfully used in the soft foundation treatment of coastal breakwaters, yards, land reclamation, etc. where the foundation is silt or silty soil. The advantages of this construction technology are: less investment in mechanical equipment and personnel, less total investment, and fast construction speed. Therefore, the application scope of this technology has gradually increased and has played a great role in inland transportation construction and coastal port construction.

[0004] The technological process of using the blasting silt replacement method for a seawall is to install explosives underwater for blasting, disturbing the silt in the seawall construction area to make it liquefy and lose its bearing capacity. The wall supported by the silty foundation further sinks to the bearing layer under the surface soft soil foundation. The seawall rock filling squeezes the underlying silt to both sides, enabling the filling materials such as wall stones to fully touch the bottom, making it a permanent seawall with very little subsequent settlement.

[0005] However, there are still many deficiencies in the existing blasting silt replacement technology. For example, when the explosive charge explodes, the energy will be transmitted in all directions. In the upper area of the explosion cavity, the silt will quickly backfill, reducing the volume of the effective explosion space, wasting a large amount of explosion energy, and resulting in insufficient replacement depth. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical task of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the existing technology. Aiming at the problems of dispersed explosion energy and insufficient replacement depth in the blasting silt replacement method, a method and device for underwater shaped charge blasting and muck throwing are provided.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows. An underwater shaped charge blasting and muck throwing method of the present invention is as follows: At the top of the vertical blasting pipe filled with emulsion explosive, there is a non-filled space, which is in the shape of an inverted cone, with the tip of the inverted cone facing down and the bottom facing up; this inverted cone-shaped non-filled space forms a shaped charge cavity for the blasting of the blasting pipe. The setting of the shaped charge cavity plays a role in concentrating the blasting energy during the blasting process and also plays a role in orienting the explosion cavity in a fixed point and concentrating the energy direction. By carrying out the dumping operation above the deep-buried blasting pipe, dumping the filling stones above the blasting point, an explosion cavity is formed in the direction of the shaped charge during blasting, and the filling stones placed above the explosion cavity fall into the explosion cavity under the action of their own weight and the impact of falling back to form a foundation.

[0008] The diameter of the bottom of the inverted cone of the shaped charge cavity is consistent with the filling diameter of the emulsion explosive in the blasting pipe.

[0009] The ratio of the diameter to the height of the inverted cone of the shaped charge cavity, the ratio of the diameter to the height of the emulsion explosive filled in the blasting pipe, and the ratio of the volume of the shaped charge cavity to the volume of the filling amount of the emulsion explosive in the blasting pipe are used to adjust the fixed point and orientation of the explosion cavity formed during the blasting process.

[0010] The method is as follows: By carrying out the dumping operation above the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device, throwing stones above the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device. After the dumping amount reaches the designed height, the explosive is detonated. The shaped charge cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, and the silt and the stones above the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device are effectively disturbed and thrown away in a specific direction, forming an explosion cavity in the direction of the shaped charge, which is beneficial for the filling stones to reach a deeper replacement depth under the action of their own weight and the impact of falling back, achieving a good replacement effect.

[0011] The construction steps of this method are as follows: Step 1: Prefabricate the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device Select a PVC pipe sleeve with a wall thickness of 5 - 10 mm, fill in the concrete counterweight filler and the emulsion explosive in sequence, connect the steel cylinder and the chassis through the steel cylinder groove, connect the chassis and the steel cylinder with a steel cable, and connect the steel cylinder water pump and the water suction pipe; Step 2: Sink the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device During the construction operation, hoist the prefabricated deep-buried blasting and silt removal device onto the soft soil foundation in the operation area. The hook connecting the steel cylinder and the chassis automatically falls off due to the disappearance of pressure; start the water pump, and the seawater in the steel cylinder is pumped out through the water suction pipe to form a negative pressure in the cylinder; The deep-buried blasting and silt removal device gradually sinks under the action of the water pressure difference inside and outside the steel cylinder and its own gravity. After the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device sinks to the designed height, stop pumping water and remove the lifting tool steel cylinder; Step 3: Dumping stones and shaped charge blasting Carry out the dumping operation above the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device, throw stones above the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device. After the dumping amount reaches the designed height, detonate the explosive. The shaped charge cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, and the silt and the stones above the device are effectively disturbed and thrown away in a specific direction. An explosion cavity is formed in the direction of the shaped charge of the deep-buried blasting and silt removal device, and the stones fall into the cavity under the action of their own weight and the impact of falling back to form a foundation.

[0012] It also includes: Step 4: The construction process is carried out successively according to the process of: landfilling → directional shaped charge blasting → supplementary throwing, and finally a seawall that meets the requirements of the design section is completed.

[0013] After one blasting is completed, supplementary throwing needs to be carried out on the nearshore side. When supplementary throwing, the blocks squeeze away the silt in front of the embankment head to form a new embankment head section, that is, it is filled to form a permanent seawall.

[0014] A device capable of realizing the underwater shaped charge blasting and silt throwing method described above. The device includes a blasting pipe and a deep-buried sinker: The structure of the blasting pipe is a waterproof outer shell that is integrally sealed. Inside the waterproof outer shell, from bottom to top are: concrete counterweight blocks and emulsion explosives. The detonator is placed in the emulsion explosives. The non-filled space at the top of the emulsion explosives is in an inverted conical shape, with the tip of the inverted cone facing down and the bottom facing up. This inverted conical non-filled space constitutes the shaped charge cavity for blasting; The periphery of the waterproof outer shell of the concrete counterweight block section is detachably connected with a chassis; A steel cylinder is arranged above the chassis; A lifting ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the chassis; A cylinder lifting ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the steel cylinder; The lifting ring and the cylinder lifting ring are connected by a steel cable or a hook; Water inlet holes are opened on the disk surface of the chassis inside the inner circumference of the steel cylinder. The water inlet holes communicate the space below the chassis and the space inside the steel cylinder above the chassis; The top end of the steel cylinder is closed, and a water pump is configured at the closed end; the water pump pumps the contents inside the steel cylinder to the outside.

[0015] The waterproof outer shell is made of a PVC waterproof outer shell with a wall thickness of 5 - 10 mm; The bottom end of the waterproof outer shell is conical. The conical bottom end and the bottom section are filled with concrete counterweight blocks, and the concrete density is greater than 2 g / cm 3 ; The bottom cone angle of the shaped charge cavity is 60°; The chassis is made of a PVC plate chassis.

[0016] The application of the underwater shaped charge blasting and silt throwing method described above in the replacement filling construction process on the shore of a water area.

[0017] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention compared with the prior art are: The underwater shaped charge blasting and silt throwing method and device of the present invention aim to ensure that after the explosive detonates, a large amount of high-pressure gas effectively disturbs the silt and the stones above the device and throws them in a directional manner, reducing the loss of energy diffusion to the surrounding areas, squeezing out a large amount of space, which is beneficial for the filled stones to reach a deeper replacement depth under the action of their own weight and the impact of falling back, achieving a good replacement effect.

[0018] (1) A shaped charge cavity is provided at the top of the shaped charge blasting and silt ejection device. The structure of the shaped charge cavity ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, reducing the loss of energy diffusion to the surroundings, enabling the silt and the stones above the device to be effectively disturbed and ejected in a specific direction, squeezing out a large amount of space, which is conducive to the filled stones reaching a deeper replacement depth under the action of their own weight and the impact of falling back, achieving a good replacement effect.

[0019] (2) In the present invention, concrete counterweight fillers and emulsion explosives are filled in sequence, which is convenient for on-site operation.

[0020] (3) The waterproof shell and the chassis are made of PVC material, which is suitable for underwater operations.

[0021] (4) Lifting rings are provided on the chassis, which is convenient for on-site hoisting to the designated position.

[0022] (5) The sinking method is simple and does not require the use of large machinery.

[0023] In the design of the shaped charge cavity of the present invention, a non-filled space is provided at the top of the emulsion explosive filled in the blasting tube. During blasting, a large horn effect is generated, and it can output at a fixed point, in a fixed direction, and in a fixed quantity during blasting. The traditional blasting tube has a diameter of 3 - 10 cm. The blasting tube of the present invention has a diameter of 30 cm - 1 m, or even larger, which is of a different order of magnitude from that of the traditional blasting tube, and the blasting effect is also different.

[0024] The underwater shaped charge blasting and silt ejection method and its device of the present invention are reasonably designed, simple in structure, safe and reliable, convenient to use, and easy to maintain, and have good popularization and application value. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Attached Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for realizing the underwater shaped charge blasting and silt ejection method of the present invention; Attached Figure 2 is the present invention attached Figure 1 is a schematic top view structure diagram; Attached Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working condition before blasting of the construction method of the present invention; Attached Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working condition after blasting of the construction method of the present invention; Attached Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the process of the explosion cavity caused by the shaped charge cavity blasting of the present invention; Attached Figure 6 is a schematic flow diagram of the construction method of the present invention.

[0026] The marks in the drawings respectively represent: 1. Waterproof shell, 2. Emulsion explosive, 3. Detonator, 4. Lifting ring, 5. Shaped charge cavity, 6. Concrete counterweight 7. Chassis, 8. Steel cylinder, 9. Water pump, 10. Hoisting ring on the cylinder, 11. Water inlet hole A. Silt, B. Explosion cavity, C. Dumped stones Specific implementation mode

[0027] The following will make a detailed description of a method and device for underwater cumulative energy blasting and silt throwing of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] As shown in the figure, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for underwater cumulative energy blasting and silt throwing. The device includes a waterproof shell 1, emulsion explosive 2, detonator 3, hoisting ring 4, cumulative energy cavity 5, concrete counterweight 6, chassis 7, steel cylinder 8, water pump 9, hoisting ring on the cylinder 10, and water inlet hole 11

[0030] The waterproof shell 1 is an integral sealed structure. Inside, from bottom to top, there are a concrete counterweight 6 and emulsion explosive 1 respectively. The detonator 3 is placed in the emulsion explosive, and the top is a cumulative energy cavity 5

[0031] The waterproof shell 1 is made of PVC material, and the thickness of the waterproof shell 1 is 5 - 10 mm, which plays a good waterproof role and is beneficial to underwater operation; the bottom of the waterproof shell 1 is conical, and the bottom is filled with concrete counterweight, and the density is greater than 2g / cm 3 , which facilitates the gradual sinking of the blasting and silt throwing device under the action of its own weight; the top of the waterproof shell is a conical cumulative energy cavity, and the cumulative energy cone angle is 60°, which is beneficial to the release of explosion energy along a fixed direction, improves the utilization rate of explosion energy, and ensures that the silt and the stones above the device are effectively disturbed and thrown flying; the detonator 3 is placed inside the emulsion explosive 2, and the explosive is detonated by a wireless detonation method

[0032] The lower part of the waterproof shell is connected to the chassis, and the chassis is made of PVC material; the top of the steel cylinder 8 is closed and equipped with a water pump, the bottom is open, and a hoisting ring 10 is arranged on the side; a steel cylinder groove and a water inlet hole are reserved on the chassis, and the steel cylinder is tightly connected through the steel cylinder groove; 4 hoisting rings 4 are reserved on the chassis 7, which are convenient for hanging the lifting cable and making it tightly connected to the steel cylinder

[0033] The present invention also relates to an underwater cumulative energy blasting and silt throwing device and construction method. As shown in the figure, the specific steps are as follows Step 1. Assemble the cumulative energy blasting and silt throwing device on site. Select a PVC pipe sleeve with a thickness of 5 - 10 mm, fill in the concrete counterweight filler and emulsion explosive in sequence, connect the steel cylinder and the chassis through the steel cylinder groove, and connect the chassis and the steel cylinder with a steel cable. Connect the water pump of the steel cylinder with the water suction pipe Step 2. During construction operations, lift the prefabricated deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device onto the soft soil foundation within the operation area. The hook connecting the steel cylinder to the chassis automatically falls off due to the disappearance of pressure. Start the water pump, and the seawater in the steel cylinder is pumped out through the water suction pipe, creating a negative pressure inside the cylinder. Therefore, the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device gradually sinks under the action of the water pressure difference inside and outside the steel cylinder and its own gravity. After the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device sinks to the designed height, stop pumping water and remove the lifting tool steel cylinder; Step 3. Conduct backfilling operations above the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device, throwing stones above the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device. After the backfilled quantity reaches the designed height, use a wireless detonation method to detonate the explosive package. The shaped charge cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, and the silt and the stones above the device are effectively disturbed and thrown away. An explosion cavity is formed in the direction of the shaped charge of the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device, and the stones fall into the cavity under the action of their own gravity and the impact of falling back to form the foundation.

[0034] Step 4. The construction process is sequentially advanced according to the process of "backfilling → directional shaped charge blasting → supplementary throwing". Finally, a seawall that meets the requirements of the designed cross-section is completed. After one blasting is completed, supplementary throwing needs to be carried out on the near-shore side. During supplementary throwing, the blocks squeeze the silt in front of the embankment head to form a new embankment head cross-section, that is, it is filled to form a permanent seawall.

[0035] This device can be fabricated and constructed on-site, with convenient operation. Lift the prefabricated deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device onto the soft soil foundation within the operation area, start the water pump, and the seawater in the steel cylinder is pumped out through the water suction pipe, creating a negative pressure inside the cylinder. Therefore, the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device gradually sinks under the action of the water pressure difference inside and outside the steel cylinder and its own gravity. By conducting backfilling operations above the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing shaped charge device, throwing stones above the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device. After the backfilled quantity reaches the designed height, use a wireless detonation method to detonate the explosive package. The shaped charge cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, and the silt and the stones above the device are effectively disturbed and thrown out in a specific direction. An explosion cavity is formed in the direction of the shaped charge of the deep-buried blasting and silt throwing device, which is beneficial for the backfilled stones to reach a deeper replacement depth under the action of their own gravity and the impact of falling back, achieving a good replacement effect.

Claims

1. An underwater blasting silt removal method, characterized in that The method is: A non-filled space is provided at the top of the vertical blasting tube where the emulsion explosive is loaded. The non-filled space is in the shape of an inverted cone, with the tip of the inverted cone facing downward and the bottom facing upward. The inverted cone-shaped non-filled space constitutes an energy-gathering cavity for blasting the blasting tube. The setting of the energy-gathering hole plays a role in blasting energy gathering during the blasting process, and plays a directional role in fixing the point and energy-gathering direction of the explosion cavity; By performing backfill operations above the deeply buried blasting pipe, the backfill stones are thrown above the blasting point. During blasting, an explosion cavity is formed in the direction of concentrated energy. The backfill stones placed above the explosion cavity fall into the explosion cavity under the action of their own weight and falling impact to form a foundation.

2. The underwater silt removal method by shaped energy blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the inverted cone bottom of the energy-forming cavity is consistent with the filling diameter of the emulsion explosive in the blasting tube.

3. The underwater silt removal method by shaped energy blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter-to-height ratio of the inverted cone of the shaped cavity, the diameter-to-height ratio of the emulsion explosive loaded in the blasting tube, and the ratio of the volume of the shaped cavity to the volume of the emulsion explosive loaded in the blasting tube are used to adjust the fixed point and orientation of the explosion cavity formed during the blasting process.

4. The underwater silt removal method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method is: By carrying out dumping operations above the deep-buried blasting silt throwing device, stones are thrown into the deep-buried blasting silt throwing device, and after the dumping volume reaches the designed height, the explosives are detonated. The energy-gathering cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction, and the silt and stones above the deep-buried blasting silt throwing device are effectively disturbed and directed to be thrown away, forming an explosion cavity in the energy-gathering direction, which is conducive to the dumping stone reaching a deeper replacement depth under the action of its own weight and falling impact, thereby achieving a good replacement effect.

5. The underwater silt removal method of claim 1, characterized in that The construction steps of this method are: Step 1: Prefabricate deep buried blasting and silt throwing device Select a PVC pipe sleeve with a wall thickness of 5-10mm, fill it with concrete weight filler and emulsion explosive in sequence, connect the steel cylinder with the chassis through the steel cylinder groove, and connect the chassis with the steel cylinder with a steel cable, and connect the steel cylinder water pump with the water pumping pipe; Step 2: Sinking the deep buried blasting and silt throwing device During construction, the prefabricated deep-buried blasting and silt-discharging device is hoisted onto the soft soil foundation in the operation area. The hook connecting the steel cylinder and the chassis automatically falls off due to the loss of pressure. The pump is started, and the seawater in the steel cylinder is pumped out through the pumping pipe, forming a negative pressure in the cylinder. The deep buried blasting and silt throwing device will gradually sink under the action of the water pressure difference inside and outside the steel cylinder and its own gravity. After the deep buried blasting and silt throwing device sinks to the designed height, the pumping will be stopped and the lifting steel cylinder will be removed; Step 3: Stone dumping and energy blasting Filling operation is carried out above the deep buried blasting silt throwing device. Stones are thrown into the deep buried blasting silt throwing device. After the filling amount reaches the designed height, the explosives are detonated. The energy-gathering cavity structure ensures that the explosion energy is concentrated in a specific direction. The silt and stones above the device are effectively disturbed and directedly thrown away. An explosion cavity is formed in the energy-gathering direction of the deep buried blasting silt throwing device. Stones fall into the cavity under the action of their own weight and falling impact to form a foundation.

6. The underwater silt removal method of claim 5, characterized in that Also includes: Step 4: The construction process is carried out step by step according to the process of backfilling → directional focused energy blasting → additional dumping, and finally a seawall that meets the design section requirements is completed.

7. The underwater silt removal method by shaped energy blasting according to claim 6, characterized in that: After one blast is completed, it is necessary to carry out supplementary throwing on the nearshore side. During the supplementary throwing, the blocks will squeeze out the silt in front of the dike to form a new dike section, which is filled to form a permanent seawall.

8. A device capable of implementing the underwater energy blasting and silt removal method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The device includes a blasting tube and a deep buried sinker: The structure of the blasting tube is an integrally sealed waterproof shell, and the interior of the waterproof shell is respectively from bottom to top: a concrete counterweight block and emulsion explosives, the detonator is placed in the emulsion explosives, and the top is an inverted cone-shaped non-filled space for the emulsion explosives, with the tip of the inverted cone facing downward and the bottom facing upward. The inverted cone-shaped non-filled space constitutes an energy-gathering cavity for blasting; The outer periphery of the waterproof shell of the concrete counterweight block section is detachably connected with a chassis; A steel cylinder is provided above the chassis; A lifting ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the chassis; The outer wall of the steel cylinder is fixedly connected with a cylinder hanging ring; The lifting ring and the lifting ring on the drum are connected by a steel cable or a hook; A water inlet hole is provided on the surface of the bottom plate of the inner periphery of the steel cylinder, and the water inlet hole connects the space inside the steel cylinder below the bottom plate and the space inside the steel cylinder above the bottom plate; The top of the steel cylinder is closed, and a water pump is arranged at the closed end; the water pump draws the contents of the steel cylinder to the outside.

9. The underwater silt removal device for shaped energy blasting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The waterproof shell is made of PVC with a wall thickness of 5~10 mm; The bottom of the waterproof shell is conical, and the bottom and bottom section of the cone are filled with concrete weights, and the density of the concrete is greater than 2g / cm 3 ; The bottom cone angle of the energy-gathering cavity is 60°; The chassis is made of PVC sheet.

10. Application of the underwater shaped energy blasting silt removal method as claimed in claim 1 in the replacement filling construction process on the shore of a water body.

Images