Device and method for measuring bridge steady state dynamic response based on TMD principle

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for measuring bridge steady state dynamic response based on the TMD principle, the device comprises a bottom plate and a top plate which are arranged at an interval, the bottom of a guide rod is installed on the bottom plate, and the top movably penetrates through the top plate; the elastic piece is located between the bottom plate and the top plate and connected with the top plate. The two ends of the damper are connected to the bottom plate and the top plate respectively. The mass block is positioned between the bottom plate and the top plate and is connected with the top plate; the displacement sensor is installed on the mass block and is used for measuring the vibration displacement of the mass block. The problem of low bridge structure displacement measurement precision under the long-term wind load effect or during heavy haul railway operation in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of bridge vibration reduction, and particularly relates to a device and method for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of long-span bridges and railway bridges, the hazards caused by vibration have become increasingly obvious. It can reduce the machining accuracy of mechanical equipment, cause measurement deviations in measuring instruments, shorten the service life of bridge structures, and even cause serious accidents. In this context, the displacement measurement of bridge structures is particularly important. In most cases, when using conventional bridge measurement methods, due to the influence of vibration, large measurement errors often occur, resulting in incorrect judgments of vibration reduction effects or incorrect parameter designs by researchers.

[0003] How to efficiently and accurately measure the displacement of a bridge in a vibrating environment is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a device and method for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle to solve the problem of low accuracy in measuring the displacement of bridge structures under long-term wind load or during the operation of heavy-haul railways in related technologies.

[0005] In a first aspect, a device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle is provided, which includes:

[0006] A bottom plate and a top plate arranged at intervals;

[0007] A guiding rod, the bottom of which is installed on the bottom plate, and the top of which movably passes through the top plate;

[0008] An elastic member, which is located between the bottom plate and the top plate and is connected to the top plate;

[0009] A damper, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the bottom plate and the top plate;

[0010] A mass block, which is located between the bottom plate and the top plate and is connected to the top plate;

[0011] A displacement sensor, which is installed on the mass block and is used to measure the vibration displacement of the mass block.

[0012] In some embodiments, the elastic member is a spring, and the spring is sleeved outside the guiding rod.

[0013] In some embodiments, there are four guiding rods, which are distributed at the four corners of the bottom plate or the top plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the damper is a viscous damper or an eddy current damper.

[0015] In some embodiments, two dampers are provided and distributed on both sides of the mass block.

[0016] In some embodiments, the device further includes an acceleration sensor, which is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure and the vibration acceleration of the mass block.

[0017] In some embodiments, two acceleration sensors are provided. One is installed on the mass block or the top plate and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the mass block, and the other is used to be installed on the bridge structure and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure.

[0018] In some embodiments, the device further includes a processor, which is connected to the displacement sensor and the acceleration sensor, and obtains the vibration displacement of the bridge structure based on the mapping relationship between the vibration displacement of the bridge structure and the vibration displacement of the mass block and the vibration displacement of the mass block.

[0019] In a second aspect, a method for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle is provided, which includes:

[0020] Install the device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as described above on the bridge structure;

[0021] Obtain the vibration displacement of the mass block;

[0022] Based on the mapping relationship between the vibration displacement of the bridge structure and the vibration displacement of the mass block and the vibration displacement of the mass block, obtain the vibration displacement of the bridge structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the top of the guide rod is installed on the bridge structure, and the bridge structure and the top plate are arranged at intervals.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided in this application include:

[0025] The embodiments of this application provide a device and a method for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle. For wind loads or railway loads that cause the bridge to be in a steady-state dynamic response, the loads can be equivalent to harmonic loads. Through a reasonable method, this application can convert the conventional method of measuring the displacement of a bridge into measuring the displacement of the TMD structure to achieve higher measurement accuracy. It is easy to install and adjust parameters, and can effectively solve the problem of low measurement accuracy of the bridge structure displacement under long-term wind load or heavy-haul railway operation, and provide a simpler, more effective and higher-precision measurement scheme for the bridge structure in a steady-state dynamic response. Description of the Drawings

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 Simplified models of the TMD sub-structure and the main structure provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0029] In the figure: 1, bottom plate; 2, guide rod; 3, elastic member; 4, damper; 5, mass block; 6, top plate; 7, displacement sensor; 8, acceleration sensor; 9, bridge structure; 10, nut. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] See Figure 1 As shown, the embodiments of the present application provide a device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle, which includes a bottom plate 1 and a top plate 6 arranged at intervals. The bottom of the guide rod 2 is installed on the bottom plate 1, and the top is movably passed through the top plate 6; the number of guide rods 2 can be designed according to actual needs. For example, as an example, four guide rods 2 are provided and distributed at the four corners of the bottom plate 1 or the top plate 6.

[0032] The elastic member 3 is located between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 6 and is connected to the top plate 6; the elastic member 3 can adopt a spring, and the spring is sleeved outside the guide rod 2.

[0033] The upper and lower ends of the damper 4 are respectively connected to the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 6; the damper 4 can adopt existing equipment. For example, the damper 4 adopts a viscous damper or an eddy current damper. The number of dampers 4 can be designed according to actual needs. For example, as an example, two dampers 4 are provided and distributed on both sides of the mass block 5.

[0034] The mass block 5 is located between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 6 and is connected to the top plate 6 by a nut 10, etc.; a displacement sensor 7, which is installed on the mass block 5, whose measuring end just touches the bottom plate 1, and which is used to measure the vibration displacement of the mass block 5.

[0035] The acceleration sensor 8 is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure 9 and the vibration acceleration of the mass block 5. Specifically, there are two acceleration sensors 8, one of which is installed on the mass block 5 or the top plate 6 and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the mass block 5, and the other is used to be installed on the bridge structure 9 and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure 9.

[0036] The device further includes a processor, which is connected to the displacement sensor 7 and the acceleration sensor 8, and based on the mapping relationship of the vibration displacement of the bridge structure 9 with respect to the vibration displacement of the mass block 5 and the vibration displacement of the mass block 5, obtains the vibration displacement of the bridge structure 9.

[0037] When in use, first install the device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of the bridge based on the TMD principle on the bridge structure 9; then obtain the vibration displacement of the mass block 5, the vibration acceleration of the mass block 5, and the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure 9; finally, based on the mapping relationship of the vibration displacement of the bridge structure 9 with respect to the vibration displacement of the mass block 5 and the vibration displacement of the mass block 5, obtain the vibration displacement of the bridge structure 9.

[0038] Wherein, after the top of the guide rod 2 is passed through the bridge structure 9, it is installed on the bridge structure 9 by bolts, and the bridge structure 9 and the top plate 6 are arranged at intervals to provide a space for the vibration of the top plate 6.

[0039] The principle of this application is as follows:

[0040] See Figure 1 , install the device for measuring the steady-state dynamic response of the bridge based on the TMD principle, which is used as the TMD sub-structure, on the bridge structure 9, which is used as the main structure. At this time, the TMD sub-structure and the main structure can be simplified into a simplified model as shown in Figure 2 shown. In Figure 2 , m is the mass of the bridge structure, k is the stiffness of the bridge structure, c is the damping of the bridge structure, m d is the mass of the mass block 5, k d is the elastic coefficient of the elastic member, c d is the damping of the damper, and p is the external force that causes the bridge structure to receive a steady-state dynamic response.

[0041] The overall motion equations of this simplified model are as follows in Formula (1) and Formula (2):

[0042]

[0043] Among them, \(v(t)\) is the vibration displacement of the bridge structure varying with time \(t\), is the vibration velocity of the bridge structure varying with time \(t\), is the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure varying with time \(t\), \(m\) is the mass of the bridge structure, \(k\) is the stiffness of the bridge structure, \(c\) is the damping of the bridge structure, \(k\) d is the elastic coefficient of the elastic component, \(c\) d is the damping of the damper, \(v\) d (t) is the vibration displacement of the mass block varying with time \(t\), is the vibration velocity of the mass block varying with time \(t\), is the vibration acceleration of the mass block varying with time \(t\).

[0044] The natural frequency of the TMD substructure is \(\omega\) d . It is calculated according to the following formula (3):

[0045]

[0046] The damping ratio of the TMD substructure is \(\xi\). It is calculated according to the following formula (4):

[0047]

[0048] The mass ratio of the TMD substructure to the main structure is It is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0049]

[0050] The external force \(p\) that causes the steady-state dynamic response of the bridge structure can be simplified to a harmonic force and can also be represented by a complex number.

[0051] For example, if the external force \(p\) is simplified to a harmonic force, then \(p\) 0 is the amplitude of the harmonic force, is the circular frequency of the harmonic force.

[0052] Then substituting into Combined solution of the above formulas (1) and (2) can obtain the solution of the following formula (6).

[0053]

[0054] Among them, \(V\) is the displacement amplitude of the bridge structure vibration, \(\alpha\) 1 is the initial phase of the bridge structure vibration, \(V\) d is the displacement amplitude of the mass block vibration, \(\alpha\) 2 is the initial phase of the mass block vibration.

[0055] For another example, if the external force p is represented by the complex number representation method, then p can be transformed into the following formula (7):

[0056]

[0057] Then the above formula (6) can be transformed into the following formula (8):

[0058]

[0059] Wherein, and are intermediate quantities generated when combining formula (6) and formula (7) into formula (8).

[0060] Substituting formula (8) into the above formula (1) and formula (2), the solution of the following formula (9) can be obtained:

[0061]

[0062] Since k d , c d , m d、 are known quantities, therefore, the ratio of and can be calculated through formula (9). Since the displacement sensor 7 can directly measure v d (t), so substituting the ratio of and , v d (t) into formula (8), the vibration displacement v(t) of the measured bridge structure can be directly calculated.

[0063] Therefore, the mapping relationship of the vibration displacement of the bridge structure 9 with respect to the vibration displacement of the mass block 5 can be finally obtained, that is, the calculation formula (10):

[0064]

[0065] That is, by using the above simplified method, the vibration displacement of the measured bridge structure can be obtained by measuring the vibration displacement amplitude of the TMD substructure.

[0066] It can be seen that for wind loads or railway loads that cause the bridge to be in a steady-state dynamic response, the loads can be equivalent to harmonic loads. Through a reasonable method, the present application can transform the conventional method of measuring bridge displacement into measuring the displacement of the TMD structure to achieve higher measurement accuracy. It is easy to install and adjust parameters, and can effectively solve the problem of low measurement accuracy of bridge structure displacement under long-term wind load or heavy-haul railway operation, and provide a simpler, more effective and higher-precision measurement scheme for bridge structures in a steady-state dynamic response.

[0067] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "coupled" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0068] It should be noted that in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the said element.

[0069] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle, characterized in that: It includes: A bottom plate (1) and a top plate (6) arranged at intervals; A guide rod (2), the bottom of which is mounted on the bottom plate (1) and the top of which is movably inserted into the top plate (6); an elastic member (3), which is located between the bottom plate (1) and the top plate (6) and is connected to the top plate (6); A damper (4), two ends of which are respectively connected to the bottom plate (1) and the top plate (6); A mass block (5), which is located between the bottom plate (1) and the top plate (6) and connected to the top plate (6); A displacement sensor (7) is mounted on the mass block (5) and is used to measure the vibration displacement of the mass block (5).

2. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic member (3) is a spring, and the spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod (2).

3. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rods (2) are provided in four numbers and are distributed at the four corners of the bottom plate (1) or the top plate (6).

4. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The damper (4) is a viscous damper or an eddy current damper.

5. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Two dampers (4) are provided and are distributed on both sides of the mass block (5).

6. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes an acceleration sensor (8) for measuring the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure (9) and the vibration acceleration of the mass block (5).

7. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The acceleration sensors (8) are provided with two, one of which is installed on the mass block (5) or the top plate (6) and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the mass block (5), and the other is installed on the bridge structure (9) and is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the bridge structure (9).

8. The device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a processor, which is connected to the displacement sensor (7) and the acceleration sensor (8), and obtains the vibration displacement of the bridge structure (9) based on the mapping relationship between the vibration displacement of the bridge structure (9) and the vibration displacement of the mass block (5) and the vibration displacement of the mass block (5).

9. A method for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle, characterized in that: It includes: Installing the device for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 on the bridge structure (9); Obtaining the vibration displacement of the mass block (5); Based on the mapping relationship between the vibration displacement of the bridge structure (9) and the vibration displacement of the mass block (5), and the vibration displacement of the mass block (5), the vibration displacement of the bridge structure (9) is obtained.

10. The method for measuring steady-state dynamic response of a bridge based on the TMD principle as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The top of the guide rod (2) is installed on the bridge structure (9), and the bridge structure (9) is spaced apart from the top plate (6).

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