Small and medium-sized sample system for controlling rainfall infiltration amount and uniformity of sample

Abstract

The invention relates to a small and medium-sized sample system for controlling rainfall infiltration amount and uniformity of a sample. The system comprises a sample placing system, a rainfall system, a rainfall amount control system and a water collecting tank. The sample placing system comprises a bottom plate and an outer ring baffle plate; square grooves are formed in two opposite plates of the outer ring baffle; a small round hole is formed in the middle upper position of each vertical face of the outer ring baffle; the inner side of the outer-ring baffle encloses an inner-ring baffle, and the upper part of the inner-ring baffle is bonded with a sample placing plate; a plurality of fixing columns are adhered to the outer vertical surface of the inner ring baffle plate; a rainproof cover is placed on the outer ring baffle, and a square hole is formed in the top surface of the rainproof cover; the rainfall system comprises a water supply tank, a water pump and a rainfall nozzle which are connected together; a precipitation control system is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting tank, and a cross rod is arranged on one side; a rainfall spray head is fixed on the cross rod; the precipitation control system is composed of an electronic scale, a water pump water outlet valve and a computer control system. The device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and capable of achieving the purposes of uniform rainfall infiltration and accurate rainfall control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of protection of rock and soil cultural relics, and particularly to a small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the precipitation infiltration amount and uniformity of a specimen. Background Art

[0002] Under the long-term action of natural and human factors, earthen ruins are faced with diseases such as shallow surface weathering, gullies, fissures, erosion, collapse, and dangerous blocks, which seriously threaten the long-term preservation and safe utilization of earthen ruins. Among them, precipitation has the most frequent and significant impact on earthen ruins, and the drying process after precipitation can also cause damage to earthen ruins. In the northwest region, concentrated rainfall and snowfall, strong evaporation, and large day-night temperature differences cause the shallow surface layer of the ruins to be in repeated wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles. Under the action of snowmelt in winter, the shallow surface structure within about 5 cm of the ruins becomes loose. Under the action of summer rainfall, the soil body with rainfall infiltration and water loss within about 10 cm of the ruins becomes loose. Over time, diseases such as efflorescence and erosion are formed. The degree of water infiltration into the ruins is closely related to the type and scale of diseases. Therefore, the water infiltration of the ruins is particularly important for the research on the protection of the ruins. Preparing specimens with uniform water infiltration, a wet-dry interface, and high consistency is the basis for carrying out research work.

[0003] During the indoor research process, artificial precipitation simulation devices are often used. Artificial precipitation simulation is not restricted by time and space, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources, and repeats experiments in a short period, shortening the experimental research cycle, and has the characteristics of strong economy, repeatability, and controllability. In the early 1930s, the research and development work of rainfall simulators had already begun, and the research content involved many aspects such as rainfall intensity, rainfall area, rainfall uniformity, and raindrop shape. However, there is less research on the precise control of the infiltration amount and infiltration depth of small and medium-sized samples, and it cannot meet the specific needs of the research on the protection of earthen ruins.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a small and medium-sized sample preparation device for controlling the precipitation infiltration amount and uniformity of a specimen, which is used to prepare specimens with uniform water infiltration, a wet-dry interface, and high consistency, and is of great significance for the research on the wet-dry and freeze-thaw damage mechanisms of the shallow surface layer of earthen ruins under the action of rainfall and snowfall. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the precipitation infiltration amount and uniformity of a specimen, which has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.

[0006] To solve the above problems, a medium and small-sized sample system for controlling the precipitation infiltration amount and uniformity of a sample in the present invention is characterized in that: the system includes a sample placement system, a rainfall system, a precipitation control system, and a water collection tank; the sample placement system includes a bottom plate and an outer ring baffle bonded to the bottom plate; square grooves are opened on two opposite plates of the outer ring baffle; small round holes are opened at positions slightly above the middle of each vertical surface of the outer ring baffle; an inner ring baffle is surrounded inside the outer ring baffle, and a sample placement plate is bonded to the upper part of the inner ring baffle; several fixing columns are bonded to the outer surface of the inner ring baffle; a rainproof cover with a top hopper shape is placed on the outer ring baffle, and a square hole equal in size to the projection of the sample is opened on the top surface of the rainproof cover; the rainfall system includes a water supply tank, a water pump, and a rainfall nozzle connected together; the precipitation control system is arranged at the bottom of the water collection tank, and a cross bar is arranged on one side; the rainfall nozzle is fixed on the cross bar; the precipitation control system is composed of an electronic scale, a water pump outlet valve, and a computer control system; the electronic scale is provided with the sample placement system; the computer control system is electrically connected to the electronic scale and the water pump outlet valve respectively.

[0007] The thickness of the bottom plate is 1 cm; the side length of the outer ring baffle is 27 cm and the height is 8 cm; the side length of the inner ring baffle is 15 cm and the height is 7 cm; the side length of the square groove is 8 cm and the height is 2 cm; the diameter of the small round hole is 4 mm.

[0008] The side length of the sample placement plate is 15 cm, and 4 square holes distributed in a 㗊 shape are opened on the plate. The side length of each square hole is 5 cm, and the distance between adjacent square holes is 1 cm.

[0009] The side length of each fixing column is 1 cm, and it is 1 cm higher than the inner ring baffle; the distance between two adjacent fixing columns is 8 cm.

[0010] The height of the rainproof cover is 30 cm, and the side length is equal to the width of the outer ring baffle; the side length of the square hole opened on the rainproof cover is equal to the width of the sample placement plate.

[0011] The upper part of the water supply tank is provided with a water inlet, and the lower part is provided with a water outlet; the water outlet is connected to the water injection port of the water pump through a water pipe Ⅰ, and the drainage port of the water pump is connected to the rainfall nozzle through a water pipe Ⅱ.

[0012] The water collection tank is a box-shaped structure with an open upper part.

[0013] A drainage hole is opened at the bottom of the water collection tank, and a fixing hole for fixing the cross bar is opened on one side; a fixing buckle for fixing the rainfall nozzle is arranged on the cross bar.

[0014] The electronic scale is provided with a waterproof outer shell cover and is placed at the center of the bottom surface of the water collection tank.

[0015] The rainfall nozzle is located above the square hole in the rain shield, and the centers of the specimen and the rainfall nozzle are located at the same vertical projection position.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. Uniform precipitation infiltration.

[0017] In the present invention, a rainfall nozzle is provided, and the rainfall nozzle sprays water onto the upper surface of the sample, making the water infiltration at the top of the sample uniform.

[0018] 2. Precise control of precipitation amount.

[0019] In the present invention, the mass control system precisely controls the water infiltration mass of the specimen, eliminating the errors caused by different rainfall amounts during the test.

[0020] 3. Effective control of sample preparation errors.

[0021] In the present invention, through the mass control system and the correlation between the water infiltration amount and the infiltration depth, the consistency of the dry-wet interface position of the prepared specimen can be ensured by controlling the water infiltration amount, eliminating the errors caused by different dry-wet interfaces during the test.

[0022] 4. Small round holes are opened at the upper-middle position of each vertical surface of the outer ring baffle in the present invention. These small round holes can be used as scanning positioning points. The entire sample placement system and the specimen on it are three-dimensionally scanned by a FARO portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine, and then the volume change amount of the specimen is obtained.

[0023] 5. The present invention has a simple structure and is convenient to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The following further describes in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the test device and monitoring of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sample placement base of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the sample placement system in the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1 - sample placement system; 2 - water collection tank; 3 - specimen; 4 - cross bar; 5 - fixed buckle; 6 - bottom plate; 7 - outer ring baffle; 8 - square groove; 9 - small round hole; 10 - inner ring baffle; 11 - sample placement plate; 12 - fixed column; 13 - rain shield; 14 - water supply tank; 15 - water pump; 16 - rainfall nozzle; 17 - electronic scale; 18 - computer control system; 19 - water inlet; 20 - water outlet; 21 - water pump outlet valve; 22 - drain hole. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the precipitation infiltration amount and uniformity of a sample. This system includes a sample placement system 1, a rainfall system, a precipitation control system, and a water collection tank 2. The sample placement system 1 includes a bottom plate 6 and an outer ring baffle 7 bonded to the bottom plate 6; square grooves 8 are opened on two opposite plates of the outer ring baffle 7; small round holes 9 are opened at positions slightly above the middle of each vertical surface of the outer ring baffle 7; an inner ring baffle 10 is surrounded inside the outer ring baffle 7, and a sample placement plate 11 is bonded to the upper part of the inner ring baffle 10; several fixing columns 12 are bonded to the outer surface of the inner ring baffle 10; a rain shield 13 with a top hopper shape is placed on the outer ring baffle 7, and a square hole equal in size to the projection of the sample 3 is opened on the top surface of the rain shield 13; the rainfall system includes a water supply tank 14, a water pump 15, and a rainfall nozzle 16 connected together; the bottom of the water collection tank 2 is provided with a precipitation control system, and a cross bar 4 is provided on one side; the rainfall nozzle 16 is fixed on the cross bar 4; the precipitation control system is composed of an electronic scale 17 for accurately and real-time monitoring the mass change, a water pump outlet valve 21, and a computer control system 18; the electronic scale 17 is provided with the sample placement system 1; the computer control system 18 is electrically connected to the electronic scale 17 and the water pump outlet valve 21 respectively.

[0030] Among them: the thickness of the bottom plate 6 is 1 cm; the side length of the outer ring baffle 7 is 27 cm and the height is 8 cm; the side length of the inner ring baffle 10 is 15 cm and the height is 7 cm; the side length of the square groove 8 is 8 cm and the height is 2 cm; the diameter of the small round hole 9 is 4 mm.

[0031] The side length of the sample placement plate 11 is 15 cm, and 4 square holes distributed in a 㗊 shape are opened on the plate. The side length of each square hole is 5 cm, and the distance between adjacent square holes is 1 cm.

[0032] The side length of each fixing column 12 is 1 cm, and it is 1 cm higher than the inner ring baffle 10; the distance between two adjacent fixing columns 12 is 8 cm.

[0033] The height of the rain shield 13 is 30 cm, and the side length is the same as the width of the outer ring baffle 7; the side length of the square hole opened on the rain shield 13 is the same as the width of the sample placement plate 11.

[0034] The upper part of the water supply tank 14 is provided with a water inlet 19, and the lower part is provided with a water outlet 20; the water outlet 20 is connected to the water injection port of the water pump 15 through a water pipe Ⅰ, and the drainage port of the water pump 15 is connected to the rainfall nozzle 16 through a water pipe Ⅱ.

[0035] The water collection tank 2 is a box-shaped structure with an open upper part.

[0036] A drainage hole 22 is opened at the bottom of the water collection tank 2, and a fixing hole for fixing the cross bar 4 is opened on one side; a fixing buckle 5 for fixing the rainfall nozzle 16 is provided on the cross bar 4.

[0037] The electronic scale 17 is provided with a waterproof outer shell cover and is placed at the center position of the bottom surface of the water collection tank 2.

[0038] The rainfall sprinkler 16 is above the square hole in the rain shield 13, and the centers of the specimen 3 and the rainfall sprinkler 16 are located at the same vertical projection position.

[0039] The test method for rainfall infiltration amount and uniformity using the above system includes the following steps: ⑴ Prepare standard specimens: Prepare no less than 5 standard specimens with a bottom side length of 15 cm, the same dry density and consistent shapes, and test their basic parameters such as mass, density, moisture content, volume, etc.; use tools such as marker pens to mark no less than 3 vertical scales on each side of each standard specimen; ⑵ Install standard specimens: Place a standard specimen on the specimen placement plate 11 of the specimen placement system 1, and clamp the standard specimen with the surrounding fixing columns 12. Place the specimen placement system 1 and the standard specimen thereon on the electronic scale 17, cover the rain shield 13, and at the same time ensure that the centers of the standard specimen and the rainfall sprinkler 16 are located at the same vertical projection position; ⑶ Calibrate the correlation between infiltration depth and infiltration amount: Power on and start the computer control system 18, the electronic scale 17, and the water pump 15. Set the flow rate or rotation speed parameters of the water pump 15, and start the precipitation control system to conduct rainfall on the surface of the standard specimen. During the rainfall process, record the display value of the electronic scale 17 and the lateral moisture infiltration depth of the standard specimen every 30 s.

[0040] ⑷ Repeat steps ⑵~⑶ to complete the recording of the display value of the electronic scale 17 and the lateral moisture infiltration depth of the remaining standard specimens; ⑸ Combine the display values of the electronic scale 17 and the lateral moisture infiltration depths of all standard specimens, draw a scatter plot of the moisture infiltration amount (display value of the electronic scale) and the infiltration depth of the standard specimens, and fit to obtain the correlation formula between the infiltration depth and the infiltration amount; ⑹ Prepare the specimen 3: Prepare the specimen 3 with the same dry density and shape as the standard specimen, and test its basic parameters such as mass, density, moisture content, volume, etc.; ⑺ Install the specimen 3: Place the specimen 3 on the specimen placement plate 11 of the specimen placement system 1, and clamp the specimen 3 with the surrounding fixing columns 12 to prevent the specimen 3 from moving during the entire test process; place the specimen placement system 1 and the specimen 3 thereon on the electronic scale 17, cover the rain shield 13, and at the same time ensure that the centers of the specimen 3 and the rainfall sprinkler 16 are located at the same vertical projection position; ⑻ Rainfall infiltration test: Turn on the power of the computer control system 18, the electronic scale 17, and the water pump 15. The parameters of the water pump 15 are set to be the same as those used in the calibration test, and start the precipitation control system; input the calibrated relationship between the infiltration depth and infiltration volume of the standard sample into the precipitation control system, set the infiltration volume or infiltration depth of the specimen 3 according to the test requirements, the precipitation control system opens the valve 21 at the water outlet of the water pump, and starts the rainfall simulation. The rainwater falls on the top surface of the sample through the opening at the top of the rain shield 13. After the infiltration volume or infiltration depth reaches the set value, close the valve 21 at the water outlet of the water pump to stop the rainfall; open the drain hole 22 at the bottom of the water collection tank 2 to drain the excess accumulated water; take out the sample placement system 1 and the specimen 3 thereon, wipe the water droplets on the rain shield 13, and move the rain shield 13 away.

[0041] In addition, the present invention can use the small circular hole 9 as the scanning positioning point, and use the FARO portable articulated arm coordinate measuring machine to perform three-dimensional scanning on the entire sample placement system 1 and the specimen 3 thereon, compare the three-dimensional models of the specimen 3 before and after precipitation, and obtain the volume change.

Claims

1. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of samples, characterized by: The system comprises a sample placement system (1), a rainfall system, a precipitation control system and a water collection tank (2); the sample placement system (1) comprises a bottom plate (6) and an outer ring baffle (7) bonded to the bottom plate (6); square grooves (8) are provided on two opposite plates of the outer ring baffle (7); a small round hole (9) is provided at the middle upper position of each vertical surface of the outer ring baffle (7); an inner ring baffle (10) is formed on the inner side of the outer ring baffle (7), and a sample placement plate (11) is bonded to the upper part of the inner ring baffle (10); a plurality of fixing columns (12) are bonded to the outer vertical surface of the inner ring baffle (10); a top bucket-shaped rain cover (13) is placed on the outer ring baffle (7), and the rain cover (13) is provided on the outer ring baffle (7). The top surface of the cover (13) is provided with a square hole of the same size as the projection of the sample (3); the rainfall system comprises a water supply tank (14), a water pump (15) and a rainfall nozzle (16) connected together; the bottom of the water collecting tank (2) is provided with the precipitation control system, and one side is provided with a cross bar (4); the rainfall nozzle (16) is fixed on the cross bar (4); the precipitation control system is composed of an electronic scale (17), a water pump outlet valve (21) and a computer control system (18); the electronic scale (17) is provided with the sample placement system (1); the computer control system (18) is electrically connected to the electronic scale (17) and the water pump outlet valve (21), respectively.

2. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the bottom plate (6) is 1 cm; the side length of the outer ring baffle (7) is 27 cm and the height is 8 cm; the side length of the inner ring baffle (10) is 15 cm and the height is 7 cm; the side length of the square groove (8) is 8 cm and the height is 2 cm; the diameter of the small circular hole (9) is 4 mm.

3. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the sample plate (11) is 15 cm, and four square holes are arranged in a 㗊 shape on the plate, the side length of each square hole is 5 cm, and the distance between adjacent square holes is 1 cm.

4. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of each of the fixing columns (12) is 1 cm, and each of the fixing columns (12) is 1 cm higher than the inner ring baffle (10); the distance between two adjacent fixing columns (12) is 8 cm.

5. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the rain cover (13) is 30 cm, and the side length is equal to the width of the outer ring baffle (7); the side length of the square hole opened in the rain cover (13) is equal to the width of the sample plate (11).

6. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply tank (14) is provided with a water inlet (19) at the top and a water outlet (20) at the bottom; the water outlet (20) is connected to the water inlet of the water pump (15) via a water pipe I, and the water outlet of the water pump (15) is connected to the rainfall nozzle (16) via a water pipe II.

7. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water collecting tank (2) is a box-shaped structure with an open top.

8. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the water collecting box (2) is provided with a drainage hole (22), and one side is provided with a fixing hole for fixing the cross bar (4); the cross bar (4) is provided with a fixing buckle (5) for fixing the rainfall nozzle (16).

9. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic scale (17) is provided with a waterproof housing cover and is placed at the center of the bottom surface of the water collecting tank (2).

10. A small and medium-sized sample system for controlling the amount and uniformity of precipitation infiltration of a sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall nozzle (16) is located above the square hole in the rain cover (13), and the centers of the sample (3) and the rainfall nozzle (16) are located at the same vertical projection position.

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