A hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment, wherein a guide device is installed on the upper surface of a cross upper base plate in a load-bearing frame, and the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame connects the load-bearing frame, a piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device and a piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device through a fastening bolt group and a gasket group, and the slide rail in the guide device is connected to the cylinder seat in the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device through a slide rail bolt group. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment, and realizes precise clamping of the test piece and application of various complex loads through the hydraulic loading fixture, which can simulate various working conditions in an actual service environment; it covers the whole process from equipment installation and debugging, test piece clamping, load application to data monitoring and analysis, and has the characteristics of simple operation, high precision and wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic loading fixtures, and in particular to a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment. Background Art

[0002] Carbon fiber composites are widely used in aerospace due to their high specific strength and stiffness. In aircraft, the proportion of carbon fiber composites in fuselage structures is increasing as demands for maneuverability, lightweighting, and mechanical properties in extreme service environments continue to increase. To ensure flight safety, verify design performance, and meet airworthiness standards, impact testing of aircraft fuselage structures before service is necessary. Currently, the primary method used to study the impact resistance of composite laminates is the drop-weight impact test. The drop-weight impact test standard, ASTM D7136-12, specifies a fixture that does not pre-load the composite laminate. However, in the actual service environment of an aircraft, the fuselage structure withstands or transmits loads (tensile, compressive, and shear) from various directions when it suffers impact damage. In particular, during takeoff, landing, acceleration, and deceleration, the aircraft's gravity, engine thrust, and air resistance cause the fuselage structure to continuously vary in horizontal, vertical, and lateral loads. These preloads have a significant impact on impact damage. Therefore, a hydraulic loading fixture and method are provided to simulate the complex prestressing conditions of equipment.

[0003] Development Status: The development of prestressing fixtures is reflected in the following three aspects. First, improved material properties. High-strength, corrosion-resistant materials are widely used in prestressing fixtures to increase their load-bearing capacity and service life. Second, continuous technological innovation. New fixture designs improve clamping stability and durability, ensuring accurate prestressing. Third, intelligent control. Intelligent control systems can monitor and adjust the clamping force in real time to ensure precise prestressing. Existing prestressing fixtures still have the following shortcomings: First, the complexity of the working conditions simulated by the fixtures is insufficient. Most existing prestressing fixtures can only simulate uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression, and rarely simulate asymmetric biaxial tension, asymmetric biaxial compression, and asymmetric shear conditions. This deficiency arises from the complex mechanical behavior and multi-directional stress states involved in simulating asymmetric biaxial tension, asymmetric biaxial compression, and asymmetric shear, which place higher demands on fixture design and manufacturing. Second, real-time monitoring of prestressing loading is not possible. Existing prestressing fixtures rarely provide real-time monitoring and timely adjustment of prestressing loading. The reason for this defect is that the previous prestressed fixtures relied on pointer-type torque wrenches to apply loads, and the loaded load value relied on instantaneous readings, making it difficult to obtain accurate applied torque values, and the load needed to be loaded in place at one time, otherwise the applied load would be inaccurate. Third, the prestress applied by the existing prestressed fixtures is too small, and it cannot accurately simulate the actual working conditions of the equipment. The reason for this defect is that the material properties of the fixture are insufficient and cannot withstand large prestress, resulting in deformation or damage; in addition, most of the existing prestressed fixtures use mechanical loading, which usually applies prestress through mechanical devices such as screws, nuts, etc., and the loading speed and loading force may be limited by the mechanical device itself. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment. The hydraulic loading fixture can achieve precise clamping of the test piece and the application of various complex loads, and can simulate various working conditions in actual service environments.

[0005] The present invention provides a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment, comprising a load-bearing frame, a guide device, a piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device, a piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device, a hydraulic oil pipe group, a manual hydraulic pump, an air-oil transmission device, a collector box, an air pump and a switch group; the guide device is installed on the upper surface of the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame, and the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame is connected to the load-bearing frame, the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device and the piston-type single-rod double-acting The guide device is connected to the cylinder seat in the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device through the slide rail bolt group, the S-type sensor in the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device is connected to the piston type single-stem double-acting clamping hydraulic device, and the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device is provided with a tension inlet and outlet oil port and a pressure inlet and outlet oil port, which are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump tension inlet and outlet oil port and the hydraulic pump pressure inlet and outlet oil port in the hydraulic oil pipe group and the manual hydraulic pump.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping force application inlet and outlet oil ports and the clamping force release inlet and outlet oil ports in the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device are connected to the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group in the gas-oil conduction device through a hydraulic oil pipe group, the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group in the gas-oil conduction device is connected to the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device, the solenoid valve group port in the collector box is connected to the solenoid valve group in the gas-oil conduction device, the switch group port in the collector box is connected to the switch group, and the booster in the gas-oil conduction device is connected to the air pump through an air pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the load-bearing frame includes a square lower base plate, a lower base plate bolt group, a support column, a cross upper base plate, an upper base plate bolt group, a fastening bolt group, and a washer group. The square lower base plate is connected to the ground through the lower base plate bolt group. A support column is respectively provided on the four corners of the square lower base plate, and the support column is connected to the cross upper base plate through the upper base plate bolt group.

[0008] Preferably, the guiding device includes a guide rail, a guide rail bolt group, a slide rail and a slide rail bolt group.

[0009] Preferably, the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device includes a cylinder seat, a tension transmission nut, a cover, an O-ring, a Gly ring, a shaft seal, a second O-ring, a first piston, a pressure transmission nut, an S-type sensor, a connecting screw, tension inlet and outlet oil ports, and pressure inlet and outlet oil ports. The connecting screw runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity and is connected to the S-type sensor. The piston also runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity but is shorter than the connecting screw. There is a tension transmission nut at the positive end of the y-axis of the piston, and a pressure transmission nut at the negative end of the y-axis of the first piston. The cover seals the positive end of the y-axis of the hydraulic cylinder body.

[0010] Preferably, the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device includes a chuck seat, a round nut, a connecting block, a sealing block, a third O-ring, a second piston, a fourth O-ring, a dust ring, a pull plate, a cylindrical head screw, a chuck and a flat jaw. The round nut fastens the chuck seat and the connecting block, and the screw hole in the piston and the cylindrical head screw connect the piston and the pull plate.

[0011] Preferably, the manual hydraulic pump includes a hydraulic pump tension oil inlet and outlet, a hydraulic pump pressure oil inlet and outlet, a pressure gauge, a reversing valve, a reversing handle, a handle and a hydraulic pump oil tank.

[0012] Preferably, the gas-oil conducting device includes an oil storage tank, a clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group, a system pressure gauge, a solenoid valve group, an accumulator, a booster and an oil tank inlet cover.

[0013] Preferably, the current collection box includes a switching power converter, a relay group, a protection circuit, a solenoid valve group port and a switch group port.

[0014] Preferably, the following steps are included: S1, installation and debugging of the fixture; S2, clamping of the test piece; S3, application of tension or pressure; S4, multi-working condition simulation; S5, data monitoring and analysis.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention utilizes the aforementioned hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressing conditions. This method achieves precise specimen clamping and the application of a variety of complex loads, simulating various operating conditions found in actual service environments. This method encompasses the entire process, from equipment installation and commissioning, specimen clamping, load application, to data monitoring and analysis, and boasts ease of operation, high precision, and a wide range of applicability.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a load-bearing frame structure of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a guide device of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device for simulating a hydraulic loading fixture and method for complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 (b) is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping force release oil inlet and outlet and the clamping force application oil inlet and outlet in a piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a manual hydraulic pump for a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of an air-oil conducting device of a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a collector box of the present invention, which is a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment.

[0026] Reference numerals

[0027] 100, load-bearing frame; 110, square lower base; 111, lower base bolt assembly; 120, support column; 130, cross upper base; 131, upper base bolt assembly; 140, fastening bolt assembly; 141, washer assembly; 200, guide device; 210, guide rail; 211, guide rail bolt assembly; 220, slide rail; 221, slide rail bolt assembly; 300, piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device; 301, cylinder seat; 302, tension transmission nut; 303, seal Cover; 304, first O-ring; 305, Gly ring; 306, shaft seal; 307, second O-ring; 308, first piston; 309, pressure transmission nut; 310, S-type sensor; 311, connecting screw; 312, tension oil inlet and outlet; 313, pressure oil inlet and outlet; 400, piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device; 401, chuck seat; 402, round nut; 403, connecting block; 404, sealing block; 405, third O-ring; 40 6. Second piston; 407. Fourth O-ring; 408. Dust seal; 409. Pull plate; 410. Cylindrical head screw; 411. Collet; 412. Flat jaws; 413. Clamping force application inlet and outlet; 414. Clamping force release inlet and outlet; 500. Hydraulic oil pipe assembly; 600. Manual hydraulic pump; 601. Hydraulic pump tension inlet and outlet; 602. Hydraulic pump pressure inlet and outlet; 603. Pressure gauge; 604. Reversing valve; 605. Reversing handle; 606. Handle ;607, hydraulic pump oil tank; 700, gas-oil transmission device; 701, oil storage tank; 702, clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group; 703, system pressure gauge; 704, solenoid valve group; 705, accumulator; 706, supercharger; 707, oil tank inlet cover; 800, collector box; 801, switching power converter; 802, relay group; 803, protection circuit; 804, solenoid valve group port; 805, switch group port; 900, air pump; 1000, switch group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0030] The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment, including a load-bearing frame 100, a guide device 200, a piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300, a piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400, a hydraulic oil pipe group 500, a manual hydraulic pump 600, an air-oil conduction device 700, a collector box 800, an air pump 900 and a switch group 1000; the guide device 2 is installed on the upper surface of the cross upper base plate 130 in the load-bearing frame 100, and the cross upper base plate 130 in the load-bearing frame 100 is fastened to the load-bearing frame 100, the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 and the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 by tightening the bolt group 140 and the washer group 141. The piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device 300 is connected to the slide rail 220 in the guide device 200 and the cylinder seat 301 in the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device 300 through the slide rail bolt group 221. The S-type sensor 310 in the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device 300 is connected to the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device 4. The piston-type single-rod double-acting tension-and-compression hydraulic device 300 is provided with a tension oil inlet and outlet 312 and a pressure oil inlet and outlet 313. The tension oil inlet and outlet 312 and the pressure oil inlet and outlet 313 are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump tension oil inlet and outlet 601 and the hydraulic pump pressure inlet and outlet 602 in the hydraulic oil pipe group 500 and the manual hydraulic pump 600.

[0033] The clamping force application oil inlet and outlet 413 and the clamping force release oil inlet and outlet 414 in the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 are connected to the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 in the gas-oil conduction device 700 through the hydraulic oil pipe group 500. The clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 in the gas-oil conduction device 700 is connected to the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 4, the solenoid valve group port 804 in the collecting box 800 is connected to the solenoid valve group 704 in the gas-oil conduction device 700, the switch group port 805 in the collecting box 800 is connected to the switch group 1000, and the booster 706 in the gas-oil conduction device 700 is connected to the air pump 900 through the air pipe.

[0034] The load-bearing frame 100 includes a square lower base plate 110, a lower base plate bolt group 111, a support column 120, a cross upper base plate 130, an upper base plate bolt group 131, a fastening bolt group 140, and a washer group 141. The square lower base plate 110 is connected to the ground through the lower base plate bolt group 111. A support column 120 is respectively provided at the four corners of the square lower base plate 110, and the support column 120 is connected to the cross upper base plate 130 through the upper base plate bolt group 131.

[0035] The guide device 200 includes a guide rail 210 , a guide rail bolt assembly 211 , a slide rail 220 and a slide rail bolt assembly 221 .

[0036] The piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 includes a cylinder seat 301, a tension transmission nut 302, a cover 303, a first O-ring 304, a Gray ring 305, a shaft seal 306, a second O-ring 307, a first piston 308, a pressure transmission nut 309, an S-type sensor 310, a connecting screw 311, a tension inlet and outlet oil port 312 and a pressure inlet and outlet oil port 313. The connecting screw 311 runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity and is connected to the S-type sensor 310. The first piston 308 also runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity but is shorter than the connecting screw 311. The first piston 308 has a tension transmission nut 302 at the positive end of the y-axis, and a pressure transmission nut 302 at the negative end of the y-axis. The cover 303 seals the positive end of the y-axis of the hydraulic cylinder body.

[0037] The piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 4 includes a chuck seat 401, a round nut 402, a connecting block 403, a sealing block 404, a third O-ring 405, a second piston 406, a fourth O-ring 407, a dust ring 408, a pull plate 409, a cylindrical head screw 410, a chuck 411 and a flat jaw 412. The round nut 402 fastens the chuck seat 401 and the connecting block 403, and the screw hole in the second piston 406 and the cylindrical head screw 410 connect the second piston 406 and the pull plate 409.

[0038] The manual hydraulic pump 600 includes a hydraulic pump tension oil inlet and outlet 601 , a hydraulic pump pressure oil inlet and outlet 602 , a pressure gauge 603 , a reversing valve 604 , a reversing handle 605 , a handle 606 and a hydraulic pump oil tank 607 .

[0039] The gas-oil conducting device 700 includes an oil storage tank 701 , a clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 , a system pressure gauge 703 , a solenoid valve group 704 , an accumulator 705 , a booster 706 and an oil tank inlet cover 707 .

[0040] The current collection box 800 includes a switching power converter 801 , a relay group 802 , a protection circuit 803 , a solenoid valve group port 804 , and a switch group port 805 .

[0041] The upper surface of the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame 100 is respectively installed with guide devices along the x-axis and y-axis directions. The cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame 100 is connected to the load-bearing frame with the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 and the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 by fastening bolt groups and gasket groups. The guide rail 210 is connected to the cross upper base plate 130 by the guide rail bolt group 211. The guide device 200 extends from the center of the cross upper base plate 130 in the positive direction of the coordinate axis to half the length of the protruding part; the y-axis negative direction end of the S-type sensor in the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 is connected to the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 The tension inlet and outlet ports 312 and pressure inlet and outlet ports 313 of the piston-type single-rod, double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 are connected to the hydraulic pump tension inlet and outlet ports 601 and pressure inlet and outlet ports 602 of the manual hydraulic pump 600, respectively, via oil pipes. The clamping force application inlet and outlet ports 413 and the clamping force release inlet and outlet ports 414 of the piston-type single-rod, double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 are connected to the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 of the gas-oil transmission device 700 via the hydraulic oil pipe group 500. The clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 of the gas-oil transmission device 700 has a total of eight oil pipe ports, with each upper and lower oil pipe port corresponding to a piston-type single-rod, double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400. The solenoid valve group port 804 in the power collection box 800 is connected to the solenoid valve group 704 in the gas-oil transmission device 700, and the switch group port 805 in the power collection box 800 is connected to the switch group 1000. The supercharger 706 in the gas-oil transmission device 700 is connected to the air pump 900 via an air pipe.

[0042] S1. Installation and debugging of fixture;

[0043] Install the load-bearing frame 100: Fix the square lower base plate 110 to the ground through the lower base plate bolt group 111 to ensure the overall stability of the fixture.

[0044] Install the guide device 200: Install the guide device 200 on the upper surface of the cross upper base plate 130 along the x-axis and y-axis directions, the guide rail 210 is fixed to the cross upper base plate 130 by the guide rail bolt group 211, and the slide rail 220 is connected to the cylinder seat 301 of the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300.

[0045] Connect the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device: fix the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 and the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 4 on the cross upper base plate 130 through the fastening bolt group 140 and the washer group 141, and ensure that they cooperate well with the slide rail 220 of the guide device 2.

[0046] Connect the hydraulic oil pipes: connect the tension inlet and outlet oil ports 312 and the pressure inlet and outlet oil ports 313 of the piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device 300 to the corresponding oil ports of the manual hydraulic pump 600 through hydraulic oil pipes; connect the clamping force application inlet and outlet oil ports 413 and the clamping force release inlet and outlet oil ports 141 of the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 to the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group 702 of the gas-oil conduction device 700 through hydraulic oil pipes.

[0047] Connect the electrical system: Connect the solenoid valve group port 804 of the collector box 800 to the solenoid valve group 704 of the gas-oil conduction device 700, and connect the switch group port to the switch group 1000 to ensure the normal operation of the electrical system.

[0048] S2: clamping of the specimen;

[0049] Start the air pump 900: The air pump 900 compresses the air to about 0.8 MPa through the compressor and transmits the air to the air-oil transmission device 700 through the air pipe.

[0050] Pressurization and energy storage: The supercharger 706 in the gas-oil transmission device 700 pressurizes the gas to 16 MPa, and the energy accumulator 705 maintains a stable working pressure.

[0051] Applying clamping force: Flipping the corresponding switch in switch assembly 1000 to the tightening position triggers relay assembly 802. Under the action of solenoid valve assembly 704, hydraulic oil flows through the hydraulic oil pipe into the clamping force application inlet and outlet ports 413, then into the oil chamber of the piston-type single-rod, double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400. The oil pressure causes the second piston 406 to move to one side, pushing the pull plate into contact with the chuck 411. This generates a clamping force, tightening the specimen.

[0052] To release the clamping force: Flip the corresponding switch in switch assembly 1000 to the release position, triggering relay assembly 802. Hydraulic oil flows through the hydraulic oil pipe into the clamping force release inlet and outlet ports and into the oil chamber on the other side. Under the action of the oil pressure, the second piston 406 moves in the opposite direction, moving the pull plate away from the chuck 411. The chuck 411 releases the clamping force and releases the specimen.

[0053] S3: Apply tension or pressure;

[0054] Applying tension: Turn the reversing handle of the manual hydraulic pump 600 to the pressure gear to allow the hydraulic oil in the oil pipe to flow back, ensuring that there is no contact force between the first piston 308 and the tension transmission nut 302. Adjust the position of the first piston 308 to ensure that there is sufficient stroke when applying tension. Turn the reversing handle to the tension gear, press the handle, and the hydraulic oil flows through the tension inlet and outlet oil ports to the oil chamber of the tension and compression hydraulic device. Under the action of oil pressure, the first piston 308 moves toward the tension transmission nut 302, and transmits the tension to the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 through the connecting screw 311 and the S-type sensor 310, and finally acts on the test piece. Observe the pressure gauge 603 and continue to apply pressure to the specified tension value.

[0055] Applying pressure: Turn the reversing handle 605 to the tension gear to allow the hydraulic oil in the oil pipe to flow back, ensuring that there is no contact force between the first piston, 308, and the pressure transmission nut 302. Adjust the position of the first piston 308 to ensure that there is sufficient stroke when applying pressure. Turn the reversing handle 605 to the pressure gear, press the handle 606, and the hydraulic oil flows into the oil chamber through the pressure inlet and outlet ports. Under the action of oil pressure, the piston moves toward the pressure transmission nut 302, and transmits the pressure to the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device 400 through the connecting screw 311 and the S-type sensor 310, and finally acts on the test piece. Observe the pressure gauge 603 and continue to pressurize to the specified pressure value.

[0056] S4: multi-operating condition simulation;

[0057] Symmetrical Loading Simulation: Symmetrical Compression-Compression: Compression is applied simultaneously in the x-axis and y-axis. Symmetrical Tension-Tension: Tension is applied simultaneously in the x-axis and y-axis. Symmetrical Shear: Tension is applied in the x-axis and compression in the y-axis, or vice versa.

[0058] Asymmetric load simulation: Asymmetric tension-tension: Tension is applied in the x-axis direction and no force is applied in the y-axis direction, or vice versa. Asymmetric compression-compression: Compression is applied in the x-axis direction and no force is applied in the y-axis direction, or vice versa. Asymmetric shear: Tension is applied in the x-axis direction and compression is applied in the y-axis direction, with different forces in magnitude or direction.

[0059] S5: Data monitoring and analysis.

[0060] Force sensor data monitoring: The applied load data is transmitted to the display screen in real time via the S-type sensor 310, allowing the observer to analyze the stress state of the specimen during the impact process.

[0061] Result analysis: Based on the monitoring data, the impact resistance and fracture toughness of the specimens under different complex working conditions are evaluated, providing a basis for material performance optimization and structural design.

[0062] Therefore, the present invention utilizes the aforementioned hydraulic loading fixture and method for simulating complex prestressing conditions. This method achieves precise specimen clamping and the application of a variety of complex loads, simulating various operating conditions found in actual service environments. This method encompasses the entire process, from equipment installation and commissioning, specimen clamping, load application, to data monitoring and analysis, and boasts ease of operation, high precision, and a wide range of applicability.

[0063] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions, characterized in that: It includes a load-bearing frame, a guide device, a piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device, a piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device, a hydraulic oil pipe group, a manual hydraulic pump, an air-oil transmission device, a collecting box, an air pump and a switch group; the guide device is installed on the upper surface of the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame, and the cross upper base plate in the load-bearing frame connects the load-bearing frame, the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device and the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device through a fastening bolt group and a washer group; the slide rail in the guide device is connected to the oil cylinder seat in the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device through a slide rail bolt group; the S-type sensor in the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device is connected to the piston type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device; the piston type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device is provided with a tension inlet and outlet oil port and a pressure inlet and outlet oil port, and the tension inlet and outlet oil port and the pressure inlet and outlet oil port are respectively connected through the hydraulic oil pipe group and the hydraulic pump tension inlet and outlet oil port and the hydraulic pump pressure inlet and outlet oil port in the manual hydraulic pump; The clamping force application oil inlet and outlet and the clamping force release oil inlet and outlet in the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device are connected to the clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group in the gas-oil conduction device through a hydraulic oil pipe group. The clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group in the gas-oil conduction device is connected to the piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device. The solenoid valve group port in the collector box is connected to the solenoid valve group in the gas-oil conduction device. The switch group port in the collector box is connected to the switch group. The booster in the gas-oil conduction device is connected to the air pump through an air pipe. The piston-type single-rod double-acting tension and compression hydraulic device includes a cylinder seat, a tension transmission nut, a cover, an O-ring, a Gly ring, a shaft seal, a second O-ring, a first piston, a pressure transmission nut, an S-type sensor, a connecting screw, tension inlet and outlet oil ports, and pressure inlet and outlet oil ports. The connecting screw runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity and is connected to the S-type sensor. The first piston also runs through the entire hydraulic cylinder cavity but is shorter than the connecting screw. The first piston has a tension transmission nut at the positive end of the y-axis and a pressure transmission nut at the negative end of the y-axis. The cover seals the positive end of the y-axis of the hydraulic cylinder body.

2. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing frame includes a square lower base plate, a lower base plate bolt group, a support column, a cross upper base plate, an upper base plate bolt group, a fastening bolt group, and a washer group. The square lower base plate is connected to the ground through the lower base plate bolt group. A support column is provided on each of the four corners of the square lower base plate, and the support column is connected to the cross upper base plate through the upper base plate bolt group.

3. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide device includes a guide rail, a guide rail bolt group, a slide rail and a slide rail bolt group.

4. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston-type single-rod double-acting clamping hydraulic device includes a chuck seat, a round nut, a connecting block, a sealing block, a third O-ring, a second piston, a fourth O-ring, a dust ring, a pull plate, a cylindrical head screw, a chuck and a flat jaw. The round nut fastens the chuck seat and the connecting block, and the screw hole in the second piston and the cylindrical head screw connect the second piston and the pull plate.

5. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manual hydraulic pump includes a hydraulic pump tension oil inlet and outlet, a hydraulic pump pressure oil inlet and outlet, a pressure gauge, a reversing valve, a reversing handle, a handle and a hydraulic pump oil tank.

6. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-oil transmission device includes an oil storage tank, a clamping force hydraulic oil pipe port group, a system pressure gauge, a solenoid valve group, an energy accumulator, a booster and an oil tank inlet cover.

7. A hydraulic loading fixture for simulating complex prestressed working conditions of equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector box includes a switching power converter, a relay group, a protection circuit, a solenoid valve group port and a switch group port.

Images