Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting, and particularly relates to the technical field of irrigation control, and the method comprises the steps of S1, growth environment sensing, S2, first irrigation amount adjustment, S3, growth state monitoring, S4, second irrigation amount adjustment, S5, irrigation amount adjustment evaluation, S6, irrigation adjustment generation, and S7, abnormity feedback. According to the invention, the growth environment and the growth state of wheat are monitored in the planting area, the layering level of the root system is determined, the environment sensing terminal is used for real-time sensing in the planting area, and the growth monitoring terminal is used for monitoring the growth stage of wheat, so that the irrigation volume of the planting area is finely and flexibly adjusted; according to the method, the fertilizer is irrigated according to the specific growth condition, high-precision water and fertilizer integrated irrigation for wheat planting is achieved, unnecessary water resource waste is avoided, the needed irrigation cost is reduced, the purposes of improving the irrigation quality and being environmentally friendly are achieved, and it is guaranteed that the water demand and the fertilization amount of wheat are both achieved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of irrigation control, and more specifically, to a method for integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control in wheat cultivation. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main food crops globally, the yield and resource utilization efficiency of wheat directly affect food security and agricultural sustainable development. Therefore, irrigation and fertilization for wheat are crucial. In the traditional wheat cultivation process, irrigation and fertilization are generally carried out independently. In terms of irrigation, flood irrigation is commonly used, which not only wastes a large amount of water resources but also easily leads to uneven distribution of soil moisture. In terms of fertilization, most rely on manual experience for broadcasting or strip application. This fertilization method is difficult to accurately control the fertilization amount and position, and easily causes waste and loss of fertilizers.

[0003] With the development of the integrated water and fertilizer technology in the existing wheat cultivation, the method of combining irrigation and fertilization is applied to wheat cultivation. First, preset programs are used to set the irrigation cycle and fertilizer solution concentration, and sensors are combined to collect soil humidity. The fertilizer is dissolved in water through irrigation and simultaneously delivered to the vicinity of the wheat roots, improving the utilization rate of fertilizers and reducing the waste of resources caused by excessive irrigation.

[0004] However, when it is actually used, there are still some drawbacks. First, only a single sensor is relied on to collect soil humidity, lacking the integrated analysis of the current weather conditions, resulting in a large deviation between the control instructions and the actual requirements. When the soil humidity is high, irrigation is still carried out according to a fixed irrigation amount, which is likely to cause excessive soil moisture and affect the respiration and nutrient absorption of wheat roots. Second, a fixed ratio is used for fertilizing wheat, but since the water and nutrient requirements of wheat vary in different growth states, this method fails to dynamically optimize according to the water and nutrient requirements of wheat in different growth states, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control in wheat cultivation, which monitors the growth environment and growth state of wheat in the planting area, and thereby makes refined and flexible adjustments to the irrigation amount in the planting area, maximally ensuring both the water demand and fertilization amount of wheat. At the same time, after the irrigation amount is adjusted, the water and fertilizer requirements of wheat are continuously sensed, and thus abnormal situations are identified to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control in wheat cultivation, including an environmental perception terminal, a growth monitoring terminal, irrigation equipment, and a control center, specifically including the following steps: S1: Growth environment perception: Determine the root layer hierarchy, and use the environmental perception terminal to perform real-time perception in the planting area. The growth environment perception object is the first growth data, including soil volumetric water content and soil conductivity; S2: First irrigation volume adjustment: Determine the irrigation volume based on the first growth data, and perform the first irrigation volume adjustment in combination with the historical irrigation volume and the current weather; S3: Growth status monitoring: After the irrigation volume adjustment, use the growth monitoring terminal to monitor the wheat growth stage. The growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area; S4: Second irrigation volume adjustment: Determine the wheat growth status based on the growth status monitoring, and thus perform the second irrigation volume adjustment on the wheat; S5: Evaluate irrigation volume adjustment: Construct a water and fertilizer demand model based on the first irrigation volume adjustment and the second irrigation volume adjustment, and thus calculate the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index; S6: Generate irrigation adjustment: Generate an irrigation adjustment based on the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index; S7: Abnormal feedback: Send the irrigation volume of the planting area to the management personnel according to the preset summary method based on the irrigation adjustment.

[0007] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The present invention performs real-time perception on the wheat planting area through the environmental perception terminal, and determines the root layer hierarchy when deploying the environmental perception terminal, thereby enabling refined monitoring of the soil in the planting area. On the one hand, it can obtain the soil humidity information of different soil layers, so as to more accurately obtain the actual water demand of the wheat roots. On the other hand, it can reduce the irrigation volume to avoid water resource waste and the adverse effects of over-irrigation on the roots; After obtaining the soil volumetric water content and soil conductivity, the present invention combines the current weather to obtain the required irrigation volume. It is not limited to the soil conditions, and adjusts the wheat irrigation by reasonably using the weather conditions, avoiding water resource waste caused by blind irrigation. By predicting the precipitation, it can reduce irrigation when the wheat demand is met, and accurately irrigate during drought, which can more effectively utilize the limited water resources and improve the water resource utilization efficiency, and is of great significance for ensuring agricultural water use and sustainable development.

[0008] The present invention further analyzes the water and fertilizer demand of wheat in the planting area by constructing a water and fertilizer demand model, and combines the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient. On the one hand, it can reflect the soil moisture status and more accurately predict the soil moisture demand. On the other hand, it can reflect the wheat growth status and irrigate the fertilizer for specific growth conditions, realizing high-precision integrated irrigation of water and fertilizer for wheat planting, avoiding unnecessary water resource waste, reducing the required irrigation cost, and achieving the goals of improving irrigation quality and environmental protection. Description of the drawings

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the device connection used in the present invention; Figure 3 is the first irrigation amount adjustment flow chart of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0010] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0011] As shown in the Figure 1 water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting shown, which includes an environmental perception terminal, a growth monitoring terminal, irrigation equipment, and a control center.

[0012] In a more specific application of the present invention, the environmental perception terminal is used to perceive the environment of the wheat planting area, including a soil humidity sensor and a weather station. Exemplarily, the soil humidity sensor can specifically be a Decagon 5TE, which is used to measure the volumetric water content and soil conductivity of the soil. Due to the high-frequency characteristics of the sensor, it greatly reduces the influence of conductivity and soil texture on its readings and is applicable to all soil types; the weather station can specifically be a Davis Vantage Pro2, which is used to measure the temperature and precipitation in the wheat planting area and generate a weather report on the local precipitation. By comprehensively considering the irrigation amount through the weather report, irrigation can be optimized and intelligent control can be achieved.

[0013] The growth monitoring terminal is used to monitor the growth stage of wheat, specifically a chlorophyll fluorometer and a drone device. The chlorophyll fluorometer and the drone device can achieve non-contact perception of wheat growth, which can effectively improve the efficiency of data collection in the wheat planting area. In addition, the non-contact perception method can effectively reduce the impact of management personnel on the wheat planting area.

[0014] The irrigation equipment is used to irrigate the water and fertilizer for wheat planting, including a fertilizer pump, an irrigation valve, and a drip irrigation tape. Among them, the fertilizer pump is used to mix the mother liquors of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer in proportion and transport them into the irrigation water, providing nutrients while providing water for wheat and improving irrigation efficiency. The irrigation valve is used to control the on-off and flow rate of water during irrigation, and the drip irrigation tape is used to drip the irrigation water into the soil at the roots of wheat in the form of water droplets, which can reduce water evaporation and leakage losses and improve fertilizer utilization rate at the same time.

[0015] The control center is used to analyze and control based on the monitoring data of the environmental perception terminal, growth monitoring terminal, and irrigation equipment in the wheat planting area.

[0016] For the connection relationships among the above-mentioned environmental perception terminal, growth monitoring terminal, irrigation equipment, and control center, refer to Figure 2 as shown.

[0017] The specific implementation of the present invention includes the following steps: S1: Growth environment perception: Determine the root layer hierarchy, and use the environmental perception terminal to perform real-time perception in the planting area, where the growth environment perception object is the first growth data.

[0018] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the environmental perception terminal performs real-time perception in the planting area. By equally dividing the planting area, the root layer hierarchy is determined, and soil moisture sensors are buried according to the root layer hierarchy. The soil volume water content and soil conductivity of the planting area are monitored through the soil moisture sensors.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for determining the root layer hierarchy is as follows: Match the soil texture of the planting area with the applicable relationship of the root layer hierarchy to obtain the applicable layer hierarchy of the soil texture; Match the wheat growth stage of the planting area with the applicable relationship of the root layer hierarchy to obtain the applicable layer hierarchy of the wheat growth stage; Perform a union operation on the applicable layer hierarchies of the soil texture and the wheat growth stage to obtain a set of layer hierarchy positions. Take the largest result in the set as the maximum root layer hierarchy, and record the applicable relationship of the maximum root layer hierarchy. Set the applicable relationship between the wheat growth stage and the root layer hierarchy as the primary applicable relationship, and the applicable relationship between the soil texture and the root layer hierarchy as the secondary applicable relationship; Taking the maximum root layer hierarchy as the standard, take the reciprocal of the applicable relationship of the maximum root layer hierarchy and multiply it by 4 to obtain the number of layer hierarchies. Divide the depth of the maximum root layer hierarchy by the number of layer hierarchies to obtain the layer interval, thereby determining the root layer hierarchy.

[0020] It should be noted that the applicable relationship between the root layer hierarchy and the soil texture and the wheat growth stage is an applicable relationship extracted and constructed by determining the water absorption capacity, porosity of the soil, and the vertical distribution characteristics of wheat roots, and is initially set.

[0021] In the example of the root layer hierarchy and the soil texture and wheat growth stage in the above solution, the soil textures are sandy soil, clay soil, and loam soil, and the wheat growth stages are tillering stage, jointing stage, and maturity stage.

[0022] It should be noted that the soil moisture sensors are buried in layers according to the root distribution mainly because of the growth characteristics of wheat roots. Wheat roots are not evenly distributed in the soil, and there are different root densities at different soil depths. By burying the soil moisture sensors in layers according to the root distribution, the soil moisture information of different soil layers can be obtained respectively, so as to more accurately obtain the actual water demand of wheat roots. However, the single-point soil moisture can only reflect the single soil moisture and cannot comprehensively reflect the water demand of the whole root system, resulting in irrigation decision-making deviation. Exemplarily, when the maximum root layer depth is 60 cm and the applicable relationship of the maximum root layer is the first-level applicable relationship, the root layer level is 4, and soil moisture sensors are respectively arranged at 60 cm, 45 cm, 30 cm and 15 cm of the roots. When the soil moisture at 15 cm is low but the soil moisture at 30 cm is high, reducing the irrigation amount can avoid water resource waste and adverse effects on the roots caused by over-irrigation.

[0023] It should be further noted that the soil volume water content is the percentage of water in the unit volume of soil and can reflect the amount of water that can be absorbed and utilized by crops in the soil. Since wheat has a large difference in water demand at different growth stages, by measuring the soil volume water content and real-time monitoring the soil moisture status, when the water content is lower than the appropriate range of the current growth stage of wheat, the irrigation amount can be determined timely and accurately, avoiding water resource waste and soil nutrient loss caused by over-irrigation, and at the same time preventing the normal growth and development of wheat from being affected due to insufficient irrigation. Exemplarily, during the filling stage of wheat, it is more sensitive to water demand. By accurately measuring the soil volume water content, it is ensured to provide an appropriate amount of water to meet the demand for grain plumpness; the soil conductivity is the total salt content in the soil and can reflect the soil fertility. In the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation, the higher the soil conductivity, the greater the concentration of nutrient ions in the soil. At this time, maintaining the same fertilization amount will cause fertilizer waste and nutrient imbalance. On the contrary, the lower the soil conductivity, the less soil nutrients. By real-time monitoring the soil volume water content and soil conductivity, the water and fertilizer irrigation amount can be accurately controlled, the resource utilization rate can be improved, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0024] S2: First irrigation amount adjustment: Determine the irrigation amount based on the first growth data, and make the first irrigation amount adjustment in combination with the historical irrigation amount and the current weather.

[0025] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the first irrigation amount adjustment is as follows: A1: Calculate the variance of the soil volume water content of different root layer levels to obtain the soil water content characteristic value of the planting area; A2: Calculate the weighted average of the soil conductivity of different root layer levels to obtain the soil conductivity characteristic value of the planting area; A3: Calculate the soil irrigation coefficient based on the soil water content characteristic value and the soil conductivity characteristic value, which is specifically expressed as: , where QT represents the soil irrigation coefficient, V c represents the target soil water content characteristic value, E c represents the target soil conductivity characteristic value, Vt represents the soil water content characteristic value of the planting area, Et represents the soil conductivity characteristic value of the planting area, and λ 1 and λ 2 are the weight coefficients of the soil water content characteristic value and the soil conductivity characteristic value respectively. Exemplarily, λ 1 and λ 2 are 0.5 and 0.3 respectively; A4: Obtain the historical average precipitation and the predicted precipitation through the weather station, and multiply them by the soil irrigation coefficient to obtain the first irrigation adjustment coefficient of the planting area, which is specifically expressed as: , where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, T 历史 represents the historical average precipitation, and T 预测 represents the predicted precipitation.

[0026] It should be further noted that through the soil irrigation coefficient, it can be known that the smaller the difference between the target soil water content characteristic value and the soil water content characteristic value of the planting area, the less the water requirement of wheat in the planting area at this time. The smaller the difference between the target soil conductivity characteristic value and the soil conductivity characteristic value of the planting area, the less the fertilizer application amount of wheat in the planting area at this time. This shows that the smaller the soil irrigation coefficient, the smaller the required irrigation amount in the planting area. Through the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, it can be known that the smaller the difference between the historical average precipitation and the predicted precipitation, the smaller the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, indicating that the degree of adjustment required for the soil irrigation amount is smaller.

[0027] S3: Growth status monitoring: After adjusting the irrigation amount, use the growth monitoring terminal to monitor the wheat growth stage. The growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area.

[0028] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the growth monitoring terminal is used to monitor the wheat growth stage in real time. The wheat growth stage includes the tillering stage, jointing stage, and heading stage. Measure the chlorophyll content of the planting area after the first irrigation amount adjustment through a chlorophyll fluorometer, and use a drone to obtain the leaf area of the planting area.

[0029] It should be further noted that the chlorophyll content is a key parameter in the wheat growth stage, and at the same time, the leaf area is also an important indicator of the wheat growth condition. The level of chlorophyll content in wheat leaves is an important indicator reflecting its photosynthetic ability. By measuring the chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis intensity of wheat at different growth stages can be understood, and then its growth condition can be evaluated. By measuring the leaf area, field management measures such as fertilizer and water management can be adjusted according to the growth condition of wheat to optimize the growth environment of wheat and improve its yield and quality.

[0030] S4: Second irrigation amount adjustment: Determine the wheat growth state based on growth state monitoring, and thus adjust the second irrigation amount for the wheat.

[0031] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the second irrigation amount adjustment is as follows: B1: Collect green light, red light, and near-infrared light in the planting area according to the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology equipped with a high-resolution multispectral sensor, and calculate the single-plant leaf area through the reflectance of different bands; B2: Compare the single-plant leaf areas collected by UAV remote sensing, extract the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area therefrom, and at the same time use a chlorophyll fluorometer to obtain the chlorophyll content of the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area; B3: Compare and calculate the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area to obtain a leaf area state coefficient, which is specifically expressed as: , where Sa max represents the maximum single-plant leaf area, Sa min represents the minimum single-plant leaf area, St represents the leaf area state coefficient. When the difference between the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area is larger, it indicates that the leaf area state coefficient is larger and the wheat growth state is worse; B4: Compare the leaf area state coefficient with the leaf area state coefficient threshold. When the leaf area state coefficient is greater than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, it is determined that the wheat growth state is poor. When the leaf area state coefficient is equal to the leaf area state coefficient threshold, it is determined that the wheat growth state is good. When the leaf area state coefficient is less than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, it is determined that the wheat growth state is excellent; B5: Compare the chlorophyll content of the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area with the corresponding chlorophyll content standard values respectively, and combine with the leaf area state coefficient to obtain a second irrigation adjustment coefficient, which is specifically expressed as: , where Fa max represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the maximum single-plant area, Fa min represents the chlorophyll content corresponding to the minimum single-plant area, Fa 标Represents the standard value of chlorophyll content, St yu Represents the threshold of the leaf area status coefficient. As can be seen from the above formula, the greater the difference between the chlorophyll content of the maximum single-plant leaf area and the minimum single-plant leaf area and the corresponding standard value of chlorophyll content respectively, the greater the difference in chlorophyll content. When the wheat growth status is judged to be poor, the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is larger, and at this time, the irrigation amount required for the planting area is larger. On the contrary, when the wheat growth status is judged to be excellent, the irrigation amount required for the planting area is smaller. Among them, the standard value of chlorophyll content can be obtained by taking the average of the chlorophyll content of historical wheat plantings, and the threshold of the leaf area status coefficient can be obtained by removing the standard deviation of the leaf area in different growth states of wheat.

[0032] S5: Evaluate irrigation amount adjustment: Based on the first irrigation amount adjustment and the second irrigation amount adjustment, construct a water and fertilizer demand model, and calculate the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index therefrom.

[0033] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the water and fertilizer irrigation evaluation is as follows: Based on the comparison of the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation amount adjustment and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation amount adjustment, construct a water and fertilizer demand model, which is specifically expressed as: , where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ft represents the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ia represents the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index, α 1 and α 2 respectively represent the weights corresponding to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient. Exemplarily, the weights corresponding to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient are 0.7 and 0.3 respectively.

[0034] It should be further noted that the first irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained by fitting the soil volume water content and the soil conductivity, and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is obtained by fitting the chlorophyll content and the leaf area. This is because the soil volume water content and the soil conductivity can reflect the moisture degree and water condition of the soil. By fitting the relationship between the two, the water demand of the soil can be predicted more accurately, so as to optimize the irrigation strategy. At the same time, the chlorophyll content and the leaf area are important indicators reflecting the crop growth status and photosynthesis efficiency. By fitting the relationship between the two, it is helpful to understand the growth status and growth potential of the crop, and then adjust the fertilization amount and irrigation amount to meet the growth needs of the crop. Therefore, when constructing the water and fertilizer demand model, it is necessary to combine the first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation amount adjustment and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation amount adjustment. When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient is larger and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is smaller, the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index is larger, and the irrigation amount required for the planting area is larger. Thus, the irrigation amount adjustment is evaluated.

[0035] S6: Generate irrigation adjustment: Generate an irrigation adjustment based on the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index.

[0036] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that for the generation of irrigation adjustment, it is necessary to judge the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index. The specific method is as follows: C1: Set the water and fertilizer demand evaluation threshold Ia 预 , if Ia ≤ Ia 预 , it indicates that the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index is less than the water and fertilizer demand evaluation threshold, then it is judged that no irrigation adjustment is required. Otherwise, it is judged that irrigation adjustment is required; C2: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value, this means that the wheat in the planting area has a high water demand and a low fertilizer demand, indicating that the current planting area's demand for water has not been fully met. It is necessary to increase water irrigation to reduce the wheat's water demand. At this time, it is determined that the irrigation volume adjustment is to increase the irrigation water volume. At this time, the current irrigation water volume is obtained, and then the current irrigation water volume is multiplied by 120% to obtain the required irrigation water volume, and the control center is used for irrigation according to the required irrigation; C3: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value, this means that the wheat in the planting area has a high fertilizer demand and a low water demand, indicating that the current planting area's wheat nutritional status and growth potential have an urgent need for fertilization. At this time, it is determined that the irrigation volume adjustment method is to increase the fertilization amount. At this time, the current fertilization amount is obtained, and the fertilizer dilution degree is obtained in combination with the irrigation water volume. The fertilizer dilution degree is obtained through the fertilization instruction manual; C4: When both the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient do not reach the set standard value, it is determined that the irrigation volume adjustment method is to increase water and fertilizer irrigation. At this time, the current irrigation volume is obtained, and the maximum irrigation adjustment coefficient is extracted by comparing 1 with the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient respectively, and then multiplied by the current irrigation volume to obtain the final irrigation volume, and the control center is used for irrigation.

[0037] S7: Abnormal feedback: Based on the irrigation adjustment, the irrigation volume of the planting area is sent to the management personnel according to the preset summary method.

[0038] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that for the abnormal feedback, after the irrigation adjustment of the planting area, the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index is obtained. After the irrigation adjustment, if the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index is less than the water and fertilizer demand evaluation threshold, no further irrigation adjustment is required. If the water and fertilizer demand evaluation index is still greater than the water and fertilizer demand evaluation threshold, an alarm is sent to the management personnel, and the abnormal situation is identified. The abnormal situation includes hardware failure, deviation of fertilizer solution concentration, and abnormal local soil humidity. The preset summary methods include any one of report summary, picture summary, and chart summary. When determining the preset summary method, it is necessary to select according to the actual suitability of the abnormal situation and the preset summary method.

[0039] Secondly: In the attached drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are involved. For other structures, reference can be made to the general design. Without conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other; Finally: The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting, characterized in that: include: S1: Growth environment perception: determine the root stratification level, and use the environment perception terminal to perform real-time perception in the planting area, where the growth environment perception object is the first growth data, including soil volume water content and soil conductivity; S2: first irrigation amount adjustment: determining the irrigation amount based on the first growth data, and adjusting the first irrigation amount in combination with the historical irrigation amount and the current weather; S3: Growth status monitoring: After the irrigation amount is adjusted, the growth stage of wheat is monitored using the growth monitoring terminal, wherein the growth status monitoring object is the second growth data, including chlorophyll content and leaf area; S4: second irrigation amount adjustment: determining the growth state of the wheat based on the growth state monitoring, and adjusting the second irrigation amount of the wheat accordingly; S5: evaluating irrigation amount adjustment: constructing a water and fertilizer demand model based on the first irrigation amount adjustment and the second irrigation amount adjustment, thereby calculating a water and fertilizer demand evaluation index; S6: Generate irrigation adjustment: Generate irrigation adjustment based on water and fertilizer demand assessment index; S7: Abnormal feedback: Based on the irrigation adjustment, the irrigation amount of the planting area is sent to the management personnel according to the preset summary method.

2. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first growth data includes soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity. The soil volumetric water content and soil electrical conductivity of the planting area are monitored by using the soil moisture sensors by determining the root stratification levels and burying soil moisture sensors according to the root stratification levels.

3. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the root stratification level is as follows: matching the soil texture of the planting area with the applicable relationship of the root stratification level to obtain a stratification level applicable to the soil texture; Match the wheat growth stage in the planting area with the applicable relationship between the root stratification levels to obtain the stratification level applicable to the wheat growth stage; The soil texture and the stratification levels applicable to the wheat growth stage are combined to obtain a stratification level position set, the maximum result in the set is used as the maximum root stratification level, and the applicable relationship of the maximum root stratification level is recorded, and the applicable relationship between the wheat growth stage and the root stratification level is set as the first-level applicable relationship, and the applicable relationship between the soil texture and the root stratification level is set as the second-level applicable relationship; Taking the maximum root stratification level as the standard, the inverse of the applicable relationship of the maximum root stratification level is taken and multiplied by 4 to get the number of stratification levels. The maximum root stratification level depth is divided by the number of stratification levels to get the level interval, thereby determining the root stratification level.

4. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first irrigation amount adjustment is specifically as follows: A1: Calculate the variance of soil volume water content at different root stratification levels to obtain the soil water content characteristic value of the planting area; A2: Calculate the weighted average of soil conductivity at different root stratification levels to obtain the soil conductivity characteristic value of the planting area; A3: Obtain the soil irrigation coefficient of the planting area; A4: Obtain the historical average precipitation and predicted precipitation from the meteorological station and multiply them with the soil irrigation coefficient to obtain the first irrigation adjustment coefficient of the planting area, which is specifically expressed as: ， Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, T 历史 represents the historical average precipitation, T 预测 Represents the predicted precipitation.

5. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil irrigation coefficient is calculated based on the soil water characteristic value and the soil conductivity characteristic value, and is specifically expressed as: ， Where QT represents the soil irrigation coefficient, V c represents the target soil moisture characteristic value, E c represents the target soil conductivity characteristic value, Vt represents the soil moisture characteristic value of the planting area, Et represents the soil conductivity characteristic value of the planting area, λ1 and λ2 are the weight coefficients of the soil moisture characteristic value and the soil conductivity characteristic value, respectively.

6. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second irrigation amount adjustment is as follows: B1: Based on the UAV remote sensing technology, a high-resolution multispectral sensor is used to collect green light, red light and near-red light in the planting area, and the leaf area of ​​a single plant is calculated based on the reflectivity of different bands; B2: Compare the leaf areas of individual plants collected by UAV remote sensing, extract the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants, and use a chlorophyll fluorescence meter to obtain the chlorophyll content of the largest and smallest leaf areas of individual plants; B3: Compare and calculate the maximum single plant leaf area and the minimum single plant leaf area to obtain the leaf area state coefficient, which is specifically expressed as: ， Among them, Sa max Indicates the maximum leaf area per plant, Sa min represents the minimum leaf area per plant, St represents the leaf area state coefficient. The greater the difference between the maximum leaf area per plant and the minimum leaf area per plant, the greater the leaf area state coefficient and the worse the wheat growth state. B4: Compare the leaf area state coefficient with the leaf area state coefficient threshold. When the leaf area state coefficient is greater than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth state is judged to be poor. When the leaf area state coefficient is equal to the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth state is judged to be good. When the leaf area state coefficient is less than the leaf area state coefficient threshold, the wheat growth state is judged to be excellent. B5: Compare the chlorophyll content of the largest single plant leaf area and the smallest single plant leaf area with the corresponding chlorophyll content standard value, and combine it with the leaf area status coefficient to obtain the second irrigation adjustment coefficient.

7. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second irrigation adjustment coefficient is specifically expressed as: ， Among them, max Indicates the chlorophyll content corresponding to the largest single plant area, Fa min Indicates the chlorophyll content corresponding to the minimum single plant area, Fa 标 Indicates the standard value of chlorophyll content, St yu It represents the threshold value of leaf area status coefficient. The greater the difference between the chlorophyll content of the maximum single plant leaf area and the minimum single plant leaf area and the corresponding chlorophyll content standard value, the greater the difference in chlorophyll content. When the wheat growth state is judged to be poor, the larger the second irrigation adjustment coefficient is, the greater the amount of irrigation required for the planting area. Conversely, when the wheat growth state is judged to be excellent, the smaller the amount of irrigation required for the planting area. The standard value of chlorophyll content is obtained by taking the average value of the chlorophyll content of historical wheat planting, and the threshold value of leaf area status coefficient is obtained by removing the standard deviation of the leaf area of ​​wheat in different growth states.

8. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 constructs a water and fertilizer demand model based on a comparison between a first irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first irrigation amount adjustment and a second irrigation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second irrigation amount adjustment, which is specifically expressed as: , Where Q represents the first irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ft represents the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, Ia represents the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and α1 and α2 represent the weights corresponding to the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient, respectively.

9. The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation control method for wheat planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation adjustment generation requires judging the water and fertilizer demand assessment index, and the specific method is as follows: C1: Setting water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold Ia 预 , if Ia≤Ia 预 , indicating that the water and fertilizer demand assessment index is less than the water and fertilizer demand assessment threshold, then it is judged that no irrigation adjustment is needed, otherwise it is judged that irrigation adjustment is needed; C2: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value, the irrigation amount is determined to be adjusted to increase the irrigation water amount. At this time, the current irrigation water amount is obtained, and then the current irrigation water amount is multiplied by 120% to obtain the required irrigation water amount, and irrigation is performed according to the demand using the control center; C3: When the first irrigation adjustment coefficient reaches the set standard value but the second irrigation adjustment coefficient does not reach the set standard value, it is determined that the irrigation amount adjustment method is to increase the fertilizer amount. At this time, the current fertilizer amount is obtained, and the fertilizer dilution degree is obtained in combination with the irrigation water amount. The fertilizer dilution degree is obtained through the fertilization manual; C4: When both the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient do not reach the set standard value, the irrigation adjustment method is determined to be to increase water and fertilizer irrigation. At this time, the current irrigation amount is obtained, and the maximum irrigation adjustment coefficient is extracted by comparing it with the first irrigation adjustment coefficient and the second irrigation adjustment coefficient through 1, and then multiplied by the current irrigation amount to obtain the final irrigation amount, and irrigation is carried out using the control center.

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