High-precision modeling system and method for complex surface of mechanical part
By using piezoelectric sensors and screw motor-driven modeling devices in the mechanical parts modeling system, the problems of low accuracy and high energy consumption of complex surface modeling of mechanical parts in the prior art are solved, and the modeling effect of high precision and low energy consumption is achieved, providing technical support for mechanical production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510204058.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
The prior art when modeling complex surfaces of mechanical parts, the accuracy is low, the energy consumption is high, and it is difficult to reproduce details and scales, resulting in slow modeling speed and high cost.
Using a piezoelectric sensor group and a modeling device, the upper plate of the modeling system is driven by a screw motor to move downward, the sensor contacts the parts and generates electrical signals, the information acquisition and processing device processes the signals, and the modeling post-processor calculates the three-dimensional model.
It improves the accuracy of complex surface modeling of mechanical parts, reduces modeling costs and time, and is suitable for current mechanical production technical support.
Smart Images
Figure CN120070765A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling of mechanical parts, and particularly relates to a high-precision modeling system and method for complex surfaces of mechanical parts. Background Art
[0002] With the development of mechanical and electronic products towards multi-functionality, the structures of mechanical product parts have become increasingly complex. Currently, the main methods for modeling product parts include laser scanning, hyperspectral cameras, etc. Through these methods, three-dimensional models of product parts can be obtained quickly, but problems also arise. In addition to the disadvantages of high energy consumption and slow modeling speed, the modeling accuracy of laser scanning and hyperspectral cameras is poor, and it is difficult to reproduce the details and scales of product parts. Therefore, it is necessary to design a modeling system and method for complex surfaces of mechanical parts with low energy consumption and high modeling accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-precision modeling system and method for complex surfaces of mechanical parts. By utilizing the piezoelectric effect, modeling device and modeling method, the modeling accuracy of complex surfaces of mechanical parts is improved, the cost of three-dimensional modeling is reduced, the modeling time of complex surfaces of mechanical parts is shortened, and technical support is provided for current mechanical production.
[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] A high-precision modeling system for the complex surface of mechanical parts. The structure of the high-precision modeling system includes a modeling system upper plate 101, a lead screw 102, a lead screw motor 103, an information acquisition and processing device 104, a post-modeling processor 105, a sensor group 106, a flexible fixture 107, a modeling system bottom plate 108, a flexible fixture track 109, and a bottom support 110. The modeling system bottom plate 108 is fixed above the bottom support 110. A flexible fixture track 109 is arranged above the modeling system bottom plate 108. The flexible fixture 107 is fixed on the modeling system bottom plate 108 through the flexible fixture track 109. The lead screw 102 and the lead screw motor 103 form a power system. The lead screw motor 103 is fixed above the modeling system upper plate 101. The lower end of the lead screw 102 is fixed on the modeling system bottom plate 108, and the upper end passes through the modeling system upper plate 101 and extends above it. The sensor group 106 is fixed on the lower surface of the modeling system upper plate 101. After the sensor group 106 contacts the mechanical part fixed between the flexible fixtures 107, it generates an electrical signal and transmits the generated electrical signal to the information acquisition and processing device 104. After information processing, the surface information of the mechanical part is transmitted to the post-modeling processor 105 to obtain a high-precision model of the mechanical part surface. The sensor group 106 is electrically connected to the information acquisition and processing device 104, and the information acquisition and processing device 104 is electrically connected to the post-modeling processor 105.
[0006] The sensor group 106 includes a number of piezoelectric sensors 201. The piezoelectric sensors 201 are arranged in sensor sleeves 202. The left side of the piezoelectric sensor 201 is a sensor base 204.
[0007] The sensor base 204 and the sensor sleeve 202 are connected by a snap ring 203.
[0008] The flexible fixture 107 and the fixture track 109 constitute a fixing system for the part to be modeled in the modeling system. The flexible fixture 107 consists of a fixture bottom plate 401, fixture stiffeners 402, a clamping device 403, and a fixture track 404.
[0009] The information acquisition and processing device 104 acquires information on the components related to the upper and lower plates.
[0010] A modeling method for a high-precision modeling system of the complex surface of mechanical parts includes the following modeling steps:
[0011] Step 1: Fix the mechanical part to be modeled on the modeling system bottom plate 108 through the flexible fixture 107. At the same time, fix the mechanical part to be modeled by adjusting the position of the flexible fixture 107 on the fixture track 109.
[0012] Step 2: Start the modeling system through the modeling post-processor 105. Power on the system and perform a power-on self-check. When the information acquisition and processing device 104 receives the return signals from the four lead screw motors 103 and confirms that the upper board 101 of the modeling system is in a parallel state with the bottom board 108 of the modeling system, start the lead screw motors 103 and proceed to the next step;
[0013] Step 3: The lead screw motors 103 are fixed on the upper board 101 of the modeling system. When the modeling system starts, the modeling post-processor 105 records the current time as t 0 , obtain the initial moment matrix of the sensor group 106 and record it as The upper board 101 of the modeling system moves downward driven by the lead screw motors 103. The modeling post-processor 105 records the moving speed of the upper board 101 of the modeling system at this time as u, records the height at this time as h, and obtains the initial height matrix of the sensor group 106 Proceed to the next step;
[0014] Step 4: As the upper board 101 of the modeling system moves downward, the sensor closest to the mechanical part in the sensor group 106 contacts the mechanical part. After the piezoelectric sensor 201 in the sensor group 106 contacts the part to be measured, since the piezoelectric sensor 201 is a rigid component, the snap ring 203 will retract into the sensor support base 204 after being stressed, and record the current moment as t n ; As the upper board 101 of the modeling system continues to move downward, all the piezoelectric sensors 201 in the sensor group 106 return to the information acquisition and processing device 104, and all the signals are input into the modeling post-processor 105 to obtain the electric signal generation moment matrix of the sensor group 106 Proceed to the next step;
[0015] Step 5: After all the sensors in the sensor group 106 return the signals to the modeling post-processor 105, the modeling post-processor 105 starts to process the data. The displacement s matrix of the sensors in the sensor group 106 is calculated by the following formula:
[0016]
[0017] Then the height matrix h of each point on the surface of the part to be measured is:
[0018]
[0019] Step 6: After obtaining the height matrix h of each area on the surface of the part to be measured, further processing of the surface height is required. The height value of point p is calculated from the measured values returned by the four surrounding groups of sensors. The specific height value is h i = 4 / (1h i,k + 1h i,k+1 + 1h i+1,k + 1hi+1,k+1 ), where i and k represent the coordinates in the matrix, thus obtaining the height matrix h of all P i points of the part to be measured p ;
[0020] Step 7: After obtaining the measured surface value matrix h and the calculated value matrix h p of the part to be measured, a three-dimensional model of the part to be measured can be obtained through post-processing.
[0021] The designed modeling method uses the method of harmonic mean to calculate the height value of the central point Pi through the heights of four measured points around the central point pi.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0023] As a sensor element with fast response speed, simple structure and high reliability, the piezoelectric sensor can quickly make an electrical signal response when subjected to forces such as extrusion and collision; the present invention can effectively improve the accuracy of three-dimensional modeling of complex surfaces of mechanical parts by utilizing the high transient response ability and linear output effect of the piezoelectric sensor;
[0024] By using the modeling device and modeling method of the present invention to model the complex surface of mechanical parts, the modeling accuracy of the complex surface of mechanical parts can be improved, the cost of three-dimensional modeling can be reduced, the modeling time of the complex surface of mechanical parts can be shortened, and technical support can be provided for current mechanical production. Description of the Drawings
[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the modeling system of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sensor of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the central point height in the modeling method of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the flexible fixture of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom support of the present invention;
[0030] Among them, 101 is the upper plate of the modeling system, 102 is the lead screw, 103 is the lead screw motor, 104 is the information acquisition and processing device, 105 is the post-processor for modeling, 106 is the sensor group, 107 is the flexible fixture, 108 is the bottom plate of the modeling system, 109 is the flexible fixture track, and 110 is the bottom support; 201 is the piezoelectric sensor, 202 is the sensor sleeve, 203 is the snap ring, and 204 is the sensor base; 401 is the fixture bottom plate, 402 is the fixture reinforcing rib, 403 is the clamping device, 404 is the fixture track, 501 is the top bracket, 502 is the support rotating shaft, 503 is the support strut, and 504 is the support bottom plate. Detailed implementation mode
[0031] The following will elaborate on the present invention in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples. The following cases are only for further illustrating the implementation process of the present invention for patent, and do not limit the scope of the claims of the present invention for patent.
[0032] Embodiment
[0033] A high-precision modeling system and method for complex surfaces involved in the present invention need to place the device on a relatively flat desktop, such as Figure 5 the bottom support structure 110 shown. After placing the device on a plane, the device can be adjusted to a relatively flat position by adjusting the support rotating shaft 502 to ensure the level of the device. The support bottom plate 504 contacts the ground, and the top bracket 501 contacts the bottom plate 108 of the modeling system. The top bracket 501, the support rotating shaft 502, the support strut 503, and the support bottom plate 504 are connected in sequence from top to bottom to jointly form the bottom support 110.
[0034] After placing the modeling system in a flat position, first place the mechanical part to be measured in the middle of the flexible fixture 107. The flexible fixture 107 moves back and forth on the flexible fixture track 109 through the track system composed of the fixture track 404 and the flexible fixture track 109 to clamp the part to be measured in an electrically controlled or mechanically controlled manner. The structure of the clamping device 403 on the flexible fixture 107 is a metal rod whose position can be adjusted. The structure of the metal rod whose position can be adjusted is a fixture controlled by a mechanical lead screw or by electric control, which can better fit the surface of the mechanical part to be measured and prevent the mechanical part from generating displacement and sliding during the process of establishing the model, thereby causing errors in modeling.
[0035] After the mechanical part to be measured is fixed, the modeling system is started. The device lead screw 102 and the lead screw motor 103 form a power system. The lead screw motor 103 is fixed on the upper plate 101 of the modeling system, and the lead screw 102 is fixed on the bottom plate 108 of the modeling system. When the lead screw motor 103 is started, the upper plate 101 of the modeling system can move vertically up and down through the lead screw 102. When the device is started, the upper plate 101 of the modeling system moves downward under the action of the lead screw motor 103, and the sensor group 106 fixed on the upper plate 101 of the modeling system contacts the mechanical part fixed on the flexible fixture 107 and generates an electrical signal;
[0036] The generated electrical signal is transmitted to the information acquisition and processing device 104. After information processing, the surface information of the mechanical part is transmitted to the modeling post-processor 105 to obtain a high-precision model of the surface of the mechanical part. Through the above system and modeling method, the modeling accuracy of the complex surface of the mechanical part can be effectively improved, the modeling time can be shortened, and the modeling energy consumption can be reduced.
[0037] At the same time, a modeling method for the complex surface of a mechanical part is proposed, and the specific steps are as follows:
[0038] Step 1: Fix the mechanical part to be modeled on the bottom plate 108 of the modeling system through the flexible fixture 107, and at the same time fix the mechanical part to be modeled by adjusting the position of the flexible fixture 107 on the fixture track 109;
[0039] Step 2: Start the modeling system through the modeling post-processor 105. The system is powered on and performs a power-on self-check. When the information acquisition and processing device 104 receives the return signals of the four lead screw motors 103 and confirms that the upper plate 101 of the modeling system is in a parallel state with the bottom plate 108 of the modeling system, start the lead screw motor 103 and proceed to the next step;
[0040] Step 3: The lead screw motor 103 is fixed on the upper plate 101 of the modeling system. When the modeling system is started, the modeling post-processor 105 records the current time as t 0 , obtain the initial moment matrix of the sensor group 106 and record it as The upper plate 101 of the modeling system moves downward driven by the lead screw motor 103. The modeling post-processor 105 records the movement speed of the upper plate 101 of the modeling system at this time as u, records the height at this time as h, and obtains the initial height matrix of the sensor group 106 Proceed to the next step;
[0041] Step 4: As the upper plate 101 of the modeling system moves downward, the sensor in the sensor group 106 closest to the mechanical part contacts the mechanical part. After the piezoelectric sensor 201 in the sensor group 106 contacts the part to be measured, since the piezoelectric sensor 201 is a rigid component, the snap ring 203 will retract into the sensor support base 204 after being stressed, and record the current moment as tn As the modeling system board 101 moves downward, the piezoelectric sensors 201 in the sensor group 106 all return into the information acquisition and processing device 104, and all signals are input into the post-modeling processor 105 to obtain the matrix of the electrical signal generation moments of the sensor group 106 Proceed to the next step;
[0042] Step Five: After all the sensors in the sensor group 106 return the signals to the post-modeling processor 105, the post-modeling processor 105 starts to process the data, and the displacement s matrix of the sensors in the sensor group 106 is calculated by the following formula
[0043]
[0044] Then the height matrix h of each point on the surface of the part to be measured is
[0045]
[0046] Step Six: After obtaining the height matrix h of each area on the surface of the part to be measured, further processing of the surface height is required. As Figure 3 shown, the height value of point p is calculated from the measured values returned by the four surrounding groups of sensors, and the specific height value is h i = 4 / (1h i,k + 1h i,k+1 + 1h i+1,k + 1h i+1,k+1 ), where i and k represent the coordinates in the matrix, so as to obtain the height matrix h of all P i points of the part to be measured p ;
[0047] Step Seven; After obtaining the measured value matrix h and the calculated value matrix h p of the surface to be measured, a three-dimensional model of the part to be measured can be obtained through post-processing.
[0048] Furthermore, Figure 1 the sensor group 106 in can be a piezoelectric sensor or other sensor components. At the same time, the fixing method of the sensor base 204 and the sensor sleeve 202 is fixed by the snap ring 203, or can also be fixed by components such as electromagnetic valves and springs. The structure of the sensor group 106 includes but is not limited to Figure 1 the number of sensors shown in and the types of sensors involved in the specification.
[0049] Furthermore, the flexible fixture 107 and the fixture track 109 constitute the fixing system of the part to be modeled in the modeling system, as Figure 4The following is a schematic structural diagram of the fixture. The flexible fixture 107 system is composed of a fixture bottom plate 401, a fixture reinforcing rib 402, a clamping device 403, and a fixture track 404. The clamping device 403 is arranged on the side of the fixture bottom plate 401. The lower part of the fixture bottom plate 401 is connected to the fixture track 404, and the fixture reinforcing rib 402 is connected above. The flexible fixture 107 system includes but is not limited to Figure 4 the structure shown, and it can also be other types of flexible or rigid fixtures.
[0050] Furthermore, the power device of the upper plate 101 of the modeling system is composed of a lead screw 102 and a lead screw motor 103, which has smooth movement and can ensure the accuracy of each downward movement, thereby ensuring the modeling accuracy of the designed modeling system. The upper plate power system composed of the lead screw 102 and the lead screw motor 103 includes but is not limited to the use of a lead screw motor, and it can also be other types of high-precision motors.
[0051] Furthermore, the designed modeling method uses the method of harmonic mean to calculate the height value of the center point Pi through the heights of four measured points around the center point pi. Other methods can also be used to calculate the height of the center point, including but not limited to the method of using harmonic mean.
[0052] Furthermore, the main function of the information acquisition and processing device 104 is to acquire the information of the components involved in the upper plate and the lower plate, such as the levelness of the upper plate, the speed of the lead screw motor, the signals of the sensor group, etc. At the same time, the fixed positions of the information acquisition and processing device 104 and the post-processor 105 of the model are not limited to Figure 1 the fixed positions shown, and they can also be installed in other positions.
[0053] In summary, it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the shape, structure, features, and spirit described in the scope of the claims of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts, characterized by: The high-precision modeling system structure comprises a modeling system upper plate (101), a screw rod (102), a screw rod motor (103), an information acquisition and processing device (104), a modeling post-processor (105), a sensor group (106), a flexible fixture (107), a modeling system bottom plate (108), a flexible fixture track (109), and a bottom support (110); the modeling system bottom plate (108) is fixed above the bottom support (110), a flexible fixture track (109) is arranged above the modeling system bottom plate (108), the flexible fixture (107) is fixed to the modeling system bottom plate (108) through the flexible fixture track (109), the screw rod (102) and the screw rod The motor (103) forms a power system. The screw motor (103) is fixed above the upper plate (101) of the modeling system. The lower end of the screw (102) is fixed on the bottom plate (108) of the modeling system, and the upper end passes through the upper plate (101) of the modeling system and extends above it. The sensor group (106) is fixed on the lower surface of the upper plate (101) of the modeling system. After the sensor group (106) contacts the mechanical parts fixed between the flexible clamps (107), an electrical signal is generated and the generated electrical signal is transmitted to the information acquisition and processing device (104). After information processing, the surface information of the mechanical parts is transmitted to the modeling post-processor (105), so as to obtain a high-precision surface model of the mechanical parts.
2. A high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor group (106) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric sensors (201), wherein the piezoelectric sensors (201) are arranged in a sensor sleeve (202), and the left side of the piezoelectric sensor (201) is a sensor base (204).
3. A high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor base (204) and the sensor sleeve (202) are connected via a retaining spring (203).
4. A high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible clamp (107) and the clamp track (109) constitute a fixing system for the parts to be modeled in the modeling system. The flexible clamp (107) is composed of a clamp base plate (401), a clamp reinforcement rib (402), a clamping device (403) and a clamp track (404).
5. A high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that Said information collection and processing device (104) collects component information related to the upper plate and the lower plate.
6. A modeling method for a high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The modeling steps include the following: Step 1: Fix the mechanical part to be modeled on the modeling system base plate (108) through the flexible clamp (107), and fix the mechanical part to be modeled by adjusting the position of the flexible clamp (107) on the clamp track (109); Step 2: Start the modeling system through the modeling post-processor (105), power on the system and perform a power-on self-test. When the information acquisition and processing device (104) receives the return signal of the four screw motors (103) and confirms that the upper plate (101) of the modeling system is in a parallel state with the bottom plate (108) of the modeling system, start the screw motor (103) and proceed to the next step; Step 3: The lead screw motor (103) is fixed on the upper plate (101) of the modeling system. When the modeling system is started, the modeling post-processor (105) records the time at this time as t0, obtains the initial time matrix of the sensor group (106) and records it as The upper plate (101) of the modeling system moves downward under the drive of the lead screw motor (103), and the modeling post-processor (105) records the movement speed of the upper plate (101) of the modeling system at this time as u, and records the height at this time as h to obtain the initial height matrix of the sensor group (106) Proceed to the next step; Step 4: As the upper plate (101) of the modeling system moves downward, the sensor closest to the mechanical part in the sensor group (106) contacts the mechanical part. After the piezoelectric sensor (201) in the sensor group (106) contacts the part to be measured, since the piezoelectric sensor (201) is a rigid component, the retaining spring (203) will be retracted into the sensor support base (204) after being subjected to force. The time at this time is recorded as t n As the upper plate (101) of the modeling system continues to move downward, the piezoelectric sensors (201) in the sensor group (106) are all returned to the information acquisition and processing device (104), and all signals are input to the modeling post-processor (105) to obtain the electrical signal generation time matrix of the sensor group (106) Proceed to the next step; Step 5: After all sensors in the sensor group (106) return signals to the modeling post-processor (105), the modeling post-processor (105) starts processing data, and the displacement s matrix of the sensors in the sensor group (106) is calculated by the following formula: Then the height matrix h of each point on the surface of the part to be measured is: Step 6: After obtaining the height matrix h of each area on the surface of the part to be tested, the surface height needs to be further processed. The height value of point p is calculated based on the measurement values returned by the four sets of sensors around it. The specific height value is h i =4 / (1h i,k +1h i,k+1 +1h i+1,k +1h i+1,k+1 ), where i and k represent the coordinates in the matrix, thus obtaining all P i The height matrix h of the point p ; Step 7: After obtaining the measured value matrix h and the calculated value matrix h of the surface to be measured p Finally, the three-dimensional model of the measured part can be obtained through post-processing.
7. The modeling method of a high-precision modeling system for complex surfaces of mechanical parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The designed modeling method uses the harmonic mean method to calculate the height value of the center point Pi through the heights of the four measured points around the center point Pi.