Electrode for an electrode / separator arrangement and method for manufacturing such an electrode

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode for an electrode / separator arrangement (3) in a battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery cell, comprising a base membrane (5) which is coated on one or both sides with an active material layer (7). According to the invention, the base film (5) consists of electrically conductive graphite (17) and a binder (15), in particular PTFE.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrode for an electrode / diaphragm arrangement in a battery single cell, a method for manufacturing such an electrode, and a battery single cell. Background Art

[0002] An electrode of the type according to the present invention has a base film which is coated on one or both sides with an active material layer. In the case of such an electrode, the following problems exist:

[0003] The first problem is that in the prior art, the active anode and cathode materials are applied to a metal film (i.e., the base film). Usually, a copper film is used for the anode and a thin aluminum film is used for the cathode. These films are conductive, so that electrons can migrate in and out of the active material layer. These films generally do not participate in the redox reaction in order to save energy. The metal base film generally only serves as an electron conductor and a support structure for the active material layer. Usually, the copper film is about 10 micrometers thick, and the aluminum film is about 12 micrometers thick. These films increase the weight and reduce the energy density of the single cell. If there is no base film, the energy density of the single cell will increase significantly.

[0004] The second problem is that the adhesion of the active material layer to the metal base film is relatively small. In the prior art, the active material layer is coated on both sides of the metal base film by wet or dry coating. An adhesive ensures sufficient adhesion between the base film and the active material layer. If the adhesion force is less than that of the active material, the active material may detach from the base film, which is called delamination. The detached layer may cause a short circuit between the electrodes. The adhesion decreases over time because the active material expands. The adhesion force may also decrease due to the migration of the adhesive during the drying stage. To ensure sufficient adhesion, usually more adhesive is added, but this also results in a reduction in energy density. Such an adhesion problem does not exist in the case of eliminating the metal base film.

[0005] The third problem is related to the fact that in the electrode / diaphragm arrangement, the movement resistance of electrons is much lower than that of ions. In this context, the metal base film rather does not help to improve the electrical performance of the battery single cell. Usually, a single cell has two internal resistances, namely the internal resistance for electron transport and the internal resistance for lithium ion transport. The resistance for electron transport is about 100 times lower than the resistance for ion transport. The carbon adhesive, graphite, and the metal base film are responsible for electron transport. Even if the metal base film is replaced with other conductive base materials, the electron resistance will not increase significantly. The main limitation of the speed characteristic of the battery single cell (Batteriezelle) is determined by the conductivity of lithium ions.

[0006] The fourth problem is that the aluminum-based film of the cathode is vulnerable to corrosion under the influence of the electrolyte and in the case of high alkalinity. Aluminum easily forms aluminum oxide, but the aluminum oxide layer is unstable against electrolyte erosion. Aluminum also forms pitting corrosion in the case where the alkali content of the slurry is high (pH value exceeds 11). If the aluminum layer does not exist, many electrolyte salts that may be beneficial to the single cell can be used, but these electrolyte salts are not currently used due to aluminum corrosion.

[0007] The fifth problem is that copper oxidation may reduce the adhesion of the anode. Copper easily forms copper oxide on the surface, which may reduce the electrical conductivity and adhesion of the active anode material. In addition, when the single cell reaches a voltage lower than the allowed discharge voltage, copper easily forms dendrites. If copper is not used as the base layer, there are no problems of adhesion and formation of copper dendrites.

[0008] A composite material used in an anode is known from patent document WO 2023 / 122748 A1. The novel composite material includes silicon-based nanostructures. In addition, the composite material includes nanostructures fixed on a carbon-based base layer, on which a polymer is arranged, wherein the polymer includes monomer units composed of styrene and allyl alcohol. The composite material enables an anode electrode with a relatively low ratio of inactive material to active material to be manufactured with improved processability in both wet and dry anode coating processes. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrode, a method for manufacturing such an electrode and / or a battery single cell, which have improved performance compared with the prior art.

[0010] This technical problem is solved by the electrode according to the present invention, the method for manufacturing an electrode according to the present invention or the battery single cell according to the present invention. Preferred refinements of the present invention are disclosed in the description.

[0011] The present invention relates to an electrode for an electrode / separator arrangement in a battery single cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery single cell. The electrode has a base film coated with an active material layer on one or both sides. According to the present invention, the base film is composed of conductive graphite and a binder, in particular PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Preferably, the base film is composed of a PTFE composite having a non-metallic conductive filler, such as graphite powder and / or conductive carbon black particles.

[0012] The present invention is based on the following understanding: in the prior art, an aluminum-based film is used for the cathode and a copper-based film is used for the anode. The base film is important for electronic conductivity and also serves as the basis for the active material layer. As described above, electronic conductivity is much faster than ionic conductivity; therefore, an increase in electronic conductivity does not significantly change the single cell resistance. Accordingly, the main function of the metal base film is to support the active material layer.

[0013] Against this background, the following changes are made according to the present invention: Instead of using a metal film to fabricate the anode and cathode electrodes. In the case of the anode, for example, nano copper particles are embedded in a matrix composed of graphite and PTFE binder (with or without conductive carbon black) to replace the copper film, so as to form a thin film with a maximum thickness of 20 microns by means of dry coating technology.

[0014] The thin film produced by dry coating serves as a base film for the subsequent anode coating in a further process flow. Here, the wet slurry is coated on both sides and then dried to fabricate the final anode electrode. The anode electrode consists of two different layers. The first layer composed of copper nano particles serves as an electron conductor. Calendering and further processes proceed as normal. The copper nano particles form a conductive network for electron transport. If there is no coherent connection between the copper nano particles, the graphite in which these copper nano particles are embedded serves as an electron conductor.

[0015] Graphite particles present in both the upper active material layer and the lower active material layer of the anode contribute to the insertion of lithium. The base film is preferably fabricated by dry coating (mainly by powder extrusion and powder compaction). The active material layer is fabricated by wet coating technology. According to the present invention, the coating is not achieved on a metal film base, but on a base film mainly made of graphite powder and PFTE in a dry process. The compositions of the base film and the active material layer are different because different binders are used. It is also feasible to fabricate the active material layer by dry technology. In the case of wet coating and dry coating, the active material layer does not contain metal powder. This means that even after compaction during the calendering process, no metal particles protrude from the electrode surface and invade the separator. The metal particles are located deep within the electrode and only in the base film.

[0016] Different from the anode, in the case of the cathode, aluminum nano particles or microparticles (less than 3 microns) are mixed with conductive graphite, but also with the active cathode material and PTFE, so as to form a coating of about 30 microns. 1% of carbon nanotubes (CNT) can also be used. The base film according to the present invention is fabricated in a dry coating process, more precisely without using an aluminum film. Micro powder or nano powder made of refined steel can also be used instead of aluminum.

[0017] The cathode active material layer is formed on the base film by wet or dry coating technology. Here, a slurry containing only the cathode active material with PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) binder and carbon black or CNT is fabricated with NMP or an aqueous solvent and then coated onto the base film, which is then dried to form the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode is then compressed and cut to a fixed length during the calendering process to fabricate the electrode.

[0018] In a base film formed by dry coating, a metal film cutout can be adhered to one side of the electrode, and this metal film cutout serves as a discharge tab (Ableiterfahne). Subsequently, an active material layer is coated onto the base film. The discharge tab can have a thickness of approximately 20 micrometers and laterally protrudes from the electrode / separator arrangement. The discharge tab is located between the active material layer and the base film. After applying two coatings, the electrode is cut to a fixed length (abgelängt). Each individual electrode sheet has its own discharge tab, and the discharge tab laterally protrudes beyond the active material layer. The discharge tab of the cathode can be made of aluminum, or the discharge tab of the anode can be made of nickel-plated copper.

[0019] The thickness of the discharge tab is less than the thickness of the finally compressed active material layer. In this way, the discharge tab can always remain non-contact with respect to the separator. It is feasible to mount the discharge tab on the upper side (or the top) of the base film and mount the discharge tab on the lower side (or the bottom) of the base film.

[0020] The base film can consist only of graphite (with PTFE binder and carbon black) and can be used in a dry coating process for manufacturing anodes. The cathode base film is manufactured in a similar manner without using nanoparticle or micro-aluminum particle (or refined steel particle). The cathode base film consists of graphite mixed with the active cathode material (and PTFE binder and CNT or carbon black) and is manufactured in a dry process.

[0021] In another embodiment, the base film is manufactured using a similar technique as described above. The base film can be manufactured with or without metal nanoparticles or metal particles. In this embodiment, the active material layer is not first coated onto the base film but is coated on the separator. In this case, a 20-micrometer polypropylene or polyethylene separator is first selected as the basis for the active material layer in the dry process. The base film is then separately manufactured by dry coating. Subsequently, the discharge tab is adhered.

[0022] The active material layer is significantly thicker than the base film, and the base film has a thickness of approximately up to 20 to 30 micrometers. While the active material layer has a thickness of approximately 60 to 70 micrometers. There is an adhesive (i.e., binder) between the active material layer and the base film; with the help of the adhesive, these two layers are connected to each other by applying a small mechanical force or heat. In this way, these two layers, although of different properties, become uniform and act like a single electrode coating.

[0023] The dry mixture can consist of 97% graphite, 1% PTFE, and 2% conductive carbon. These components are mixed in a mixer unit. Up to 2 wt% of copper powder can be added here. If no copper powder is used, up to 3 wt% of a conductive carbon additive can be added if necessary. During the dispersion process by shear, the PTFE is fibrillated and causes binding between the particles.

[0024] The anode base film is manufactured as follows: The dry mixture can be extruded between calender rolls as a starting material to produce a film with a thickness of approximately 20 to 50 microns. The film is then used as a base film for wet coating manufacture. The film has a total thickness of 40 microns and contains or does not contain copper powder. Copper powder is recommended because metal particles embedded in the graphite matrix can improve the conductivity and strength of the anode base film.

[0025] The cathode base film is manufactured as follows: The dry particles are used for the cathode in a manner similar to that in the manufacture of the anode base film. Here, the dry powder consists of a maximum of 92 wt% of NMC particles or other cathode active materials. Here, PTFE (approximately 2 wt%) is also used as a binder and carbon black (approximately 3 wt%) is used as a conductive additive. Possibly, CNT with a maximum share of 2 wt% can also be used here. Here, the share of aluminum powder is approximately 2% to 3 wt%. The aluminum powder can be metered in up to 5 wt%. It is also feasible to manufacture a dry film without aluminum powder. In this case, a higher share of approximately 5 wt% of conductive carbon can be used instead of the fine aluminum powder.

[0026] The electrode has a metal film cutout, for example 20 mm × 20 mm, as a current collector tab, and the thickness of the metal film cutout is approximately 30 microns. The current collector tab can be fixed to the base film. For this purpose, the current collector tab is coated with a PVDF binder and then pressed onto the base film under the action of heat so that the current collector tab adheres well to the base film. It is also feasible to use a different conductive acrylic-based adhesive that can be fixed to the base film by mechanical force. Importantly, the adhesive is conductive.

[0027] The current collector tab can be mounted on the upper side of the base film or on both sides of the base film. This means that only one current collector tab can be provided on the upper side of the base film, or two current collectors can be provided on the upper and lower sides of the base film. The anode current collector tab can be made of nickel-plated copper, while the cathode current collector tab can be made of aluminum, which is also nickel-plated.

[0028] In the wet coating, a slurry without metal powder is applied to the base film. The layer thickness of the slurry is approximately 70 to 80 microns, and then it is dried. After the drying process, wet coating and drying can be carried out on the opposite side. Depending on the coating facility, it is also possible to coat both sides of the base film simultaneously.

[0029] Calendaring and cutting are carried out after wet coating. During the calendaring process, both the base film and the active material layer are compacted. The compaction is so strong that the metal particles are embedded in the coating and do not protrude outward. In this way, the embedded metal particles do not come into contact with the separator and prevent the metal particles from invading the separator.

[0030] The cathode base film can contain aluminum powder, and the cathode current collector tab can be an aluminum film with a nickel coating. PTFE is used as the binder for manufacturing the base film. PVDF is used as the binder for the active material layer.

[0031] The features that distinguish the present invention from the prior art are: a metal film is not used as the base film. Instead, the base film is composed of a dry film having graphite, PTFE as the binder, conductive carbon, and copper powder. The copper powder is used for the anode dry film. The particle size is preferably in the nanometer range, but can be up to 5 microns. The dry film (used as the base film) also contains graphite and thus also contributes to the insertion of lithium like the active material layer. The anode active material layer does not contain copper particles and can contain a PVDF binder in NMP solvent or a CMC / SBE slurry for a water-based binder.

[0032] The cathode is manufactured in a similar manner. Here, a metallic aluminum film is not used as the base film for the coating. Instead, the base film is composed of aluminum particles (up to 5 microns) embedded with graphite, CNT, or carbon black and PTFE as the binder. PTFE is used because it can fibrillate under high shear stress and form a dry film that can be used for the subsequent wet coating.

[0033] There is a metal strip between the active material layer and the base film, and this metal strip serves as the current collector tab. The current collector can be located on only one side of the base film or on both sides of the base film. The base film can contain cathode active materials such as NMC, LFP, or other metal oxides. In this case, the base film can also contribute to the redox reaction and the insertion of lithium ions.

[0034] When the active material layer is coated by the wet coating method, PVDF can be used as the binder together with NMP solvent for the cathode. CMC / SBR can be used together with a water-based solvent for the anode. PVDF can also be used as the binder together with NMP solvent for the wet coating of the anode active material layer. However, it is also feasible to coat the active material layer by means of dry coating.

[0035] The calendaring and cutting processes proceed as normal. Importantly, no metal particles invade outside the dry coating.

[0036] Exemplarily, when manufacturing the electrode / diaphragm arrangement structure, the diaphragm can be first used as the base layer for the second coating of the active material layer. The anode is dry-coated on one side of the diaphragm, and the cathode is dry-coated on the other side. The manufacturing of the base film is carried out as described above. A PVDF coating is applied between the layers. The PVDF coating serves as an adhesive. A conductive adhesive can also be used. Importantly, the coating is also lithium-ion conductive. Thus, the coating is composed of a mixture of a conductive binder or adhesive and lithium nitride or lithium phosphate particles to ensure lithium-ion conduction. The conductive carbon in the binder ensures electron transport. Here, both coatings are manufactured in a dry process because the diaphragm cannot withstand the drying temperature after wet coating.

[0037] It is also feasible to coat the base film onto the diaphragm, then install the discharge tab and subsequently apply the active material layer. The composite structure thus formed can be calendered to achieve good cohesion between the layers. In this case, no adhesive is required between the two layers. In this scheme, the single cells (hereinafter referred to as the stacked composite structure) are manufactured by coating on the diaphragm. Each single cell is placed such that the cathode faces the cathode and the anode faces the anode. Multiple electrodes are stacked in this way.

[0038] The advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows: The coating does not require a metal substrate such as a copper film or an aluminum film. Since the weight of the metal film is reduced, a high energy density of a single cell is possible. The multiple layers of the electrode are connected to each other in such a way that lithium ions can easily migrate between the layers. There is no metal film that blocks the movement of lithium ions. In addition, problems such as aluminum corrosion, such as pitting, do not exist under alkaline conditions or in the case of salts such as LiFSi. The problem of copper dendrites under low voltage conditions is also solved because the copper content is reduced. Since the two coatings have similar chemical structures, there are no problems of adhesion and detachment between the coating and the substrate. PTFE used as a binder in the first coating to manufacture a dry film can form good cohesion due to its fibrillation characteristics. The binder used in the second coating can form a good bond with the intermediate layer, so bonding is not a problem. In short, the coatings are bonded to each other much stronger than the current coatings with metal substrates. It is also feasible to manufacture a dry film substrate without metal powder. Here, the share of conductive carbon is reduced to a greater extent in order to achieve higher conductivity. Only one lengthwise cutting is required in electrode manufacturing. That is, the so-called notching can be omitted. The metal current collector tab is not cut out from the substrate as in the conventional method, but the current collector tab is fixed to the substrate film by bonding. This has the advantage that a larger cross-section of the current-carrying current collector tab can be obtained. When a larger cross-section of the current-carrying current collector tab is required in the conventional method, this would mean that the substrate film must be provided with a correspondingly large thickness. In addition, no metal burrs are formed during the cutting operation. In addition, since there are fewer metal particles in a single cell, the risk of short circuit is smaller. The dry coating is also a process with lower energy consumption, thus being able to reduce production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0040] In the drawings:

[0041] Figures 1 to 8 Different views are respectively shown, and embodiments of the electrode according to the present invention are described according to these views. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In Figure 1A battery cell is schematically shown in a rough manner to the extent required for understanding the present invention. The battery cell has a cell housing 1 shown by a dashed line. An electrode / diaphragm arrangement structure 3 having a total of two anodes A and two cathodes K and a plurality of diaphragms S respectively arranged between the anodes and cathodes is located in the cell housing 1. Each electrode A, K has a three-layer structure, which has an intermediate base film 5, and the base film is coated with active material layers 7 on both sides. The base film 5 extends laterally outward beyond the active material layer 7 with a current collector tab 9 respectively. The current collector tab 9 on the anode side is electrically connected to the anode-side cell current collector 11. In the same way, the current collector tab 9 on the cathode side is electrically connected to the cathode-side cell current collector 13.

[0043] The core of the present invention is that the base film 5 is not made of a metal film, but made of a PTFE composite with non-metallic conductive fillers. These fillers are, for example, graphite powder 17 (see Figure 2 ), and conductive additives 19, such as carbon black particles or carbon nanotubes. Additionally, metal powder can also be mixed into the PTFE composite as a conductive additive. Exemplarily, copper powder can be mixed into the anode base film 5, while aluminum powder can be mixed into the cathode base film 5.

[0044] From Figure 1 it can also be seen that the current collector tab 9 is not a component made of the same material as the corresponding base film 5. Instead, the current collector tab 9 is respectively made of a metal film cut piece. The current collector tab 9 is adhered to the base film 5 during the bonding process described later.

[0045] The anode base film 5 can exemplarily have the following composition:

[0046] - Graphite powder 17, especially up to 97 wt%;

[0047] - PTFE binder 15, especially up to 1 wt%;

[0048] - Optionally conductive additive 19, such as carbon black particles (up to 2 wt%) and / or copper powder.

[0049] As an alternative to this, the cathode base film 5 can have the following composition:

[0050] - Graphite powder 17, especially up to 97 wt%;

[0051] - PTFE binder 15, especially up to 1 wt%;

[0052] - NMC particles or other cathode active materials; and

[0053] - Aluminum powder.

[0054] The following is based on Figures 2 to 5aDescribe the process steps for manufacturing electrodes A and K according to the present invention. According to Figure 2 Mix PTFE binder 15, graphite powder 17, and additional conductive additives or fillers 19 in mixer unit 21 to form pellets. Subsequently, perform a forming process, where the pellets are fed into extruder 23. Under the action of pressure and / or heat, extruder 23 processes the pellets into a continuous web of base film 25, which is wound around base film roll 27. After the forming step, perform an adhesion process (see Figure 3 ), where the discharge tab 9 is adhered to the continuous web of base film 25 as a metal film cut piece. Subsequently, perform a coating process (see Figure 4 ), where the active material layer 7 is coated on the continuous web of base film 25 as a so-called slurry in a wet coating, i.e., a continuous web of composite structure 29 is formed. In Figure 4 the process state shown, the continuous web of base film unwound from base film roll 27 has already (in a previous, not shown coating process) been coated with active material layer 7 on its underside. Correspondingly, in Figure 4 only the yet uncoated upper coating of the continuous web of base film 25 is shown, which is performed by coating tool 31. The continuous web of double-sided coated composite structure 29 runs through drying station 33, where the wet-coated active material layer 7 is dried. Subsequently, the dried continuous web of composite structure 29 is guided past thickness measuring device 35. The thickness measuring device is connected in signal technology to a downstream (not shown) calendering process in order to compact the continuous web of composite structure to a predefined size. After the calendering process, perform a cutting process, where electrodes A and K as electrode sheets are cut to a fixed length with cutting knife 37 (shown in Figure 4 ) to form the electrodes shown in Figure 5a . In Figure 5b an alternative implementation variant is shown, where electrodes A and K have two discharge tabs 9. These two discharge tabs 9 are adhered to opposite flat surfaces of base film 5.

[0055] In Figure 6 an electrode / diaphragm arrangement 3 according to a further embodiment is shown. According to Figure 6 , electrode / diaphragm arrangement 3 has a total of three stacked composite structures 39 stacked on top of each other. One of these stacked composite structures 39 is shown separately in Figure 7 . Accordingly, in stacked composite structure 39, diaphragm S is directly coated on both sides with an anode active material layer 7a and a cathode active material layer 7b, respectively, during the coating process. The stacked composite structure 39 shown in Figure 7 has an anode base film 5a and a cathode base film 5b at each stacked end portion, respectively. Base films 5a, 5b extend laterally beyond active material layer 7 with discharge tabs 9.

[0056] In the method for manufacturing the stacked composite structure 39, a coating process is first performed, in which the anode active material layer 7a and the cathode active material layer 7b are coated on both sides of the separator S in a dry process. Subsequently, an adhesion process is carried out. As Figure 8 shown, to prepare for the adhesion process, a PVDF adhesive 41 is coated on the outer surfaces of the active material layers 7a, 7b. Thereby, the corresponding base films 5a, 5b can be adhered to the corresponding anode and cathode active material layers 7a, 7b. As in the first embodiment, the base films 5a, 5b are composed of a PTFE composite having a non-metallic conductive filler, such as graphite powder 17, and conductive carbon black particles. In addition, the base films 7a, 7b may contain metal powder (i.e., aluminum powder or copper powder) as a conductive additive.

[0057] According to Figure 6 , the stacked composite structures 39 are stacked on top of each other such that the anode active material layers 7a face each other with two anode base films 5a as intermediate layers. In the same way, the cathode active material layers 7b of adjacent stacked composite structures 39 face each other with two cathode base films 5b as intermediate layers.

[0058] List of reference numerals

[0059] 1 single cell housing

[0060] 3 electrode / separator arrangement

[0061] 5, 5a, 5b base films

[0062] 7, 7a, 7b active material layers

[0063] 9 discharge tab

[0064] 11, 13 single cell discharger

[0065] 15 PTFE adhesive

[0066] 17 graphite powder

[0067] 19 conductive additive

[0068] 21 mixer unit

[0069] 23 extruder

[0070] 25 continuous web of base film

[0071] 27 base film roll

[0072] 29 continuous web of composite structure

[0073] 31 coating tool

[0074] 33 drying station

[0075] 35 Thickness measuring device

[0076] 37 Cutting knife

[0077] 39 Stacked composite structure

[0078] 41 PVDF binder

[0079] A Anode

[0080] K Cathode

[0081] S Separator

Claims

1. An electrode for an electrode / separator arrangement (3) in a battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery cell, comprising a base film (5) which is coated on one side or both sides with an active material layer (7), characterized in that: The base film (5) consists of conductive graphite (17) and a binder (15), in particular PTFE, and / or the base film (5) consists of a PTFE composite with non-metallic conductive fillers, such as graphite powder (17) and / or conductive carbon black particles.

2. The electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that The starting material for producing the base film (5) is a granular material or a dry powder mixture consisting of graphite powder (17) and a binder (15), and the starting material can be processed into the base film (5) by shaping, in particular calendering or extrusion.

3. The electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The base film (5) has the following ingredients: - in particular up to 97% by weight of graphite powder, - in particular up to 1% by weight of a binder, - optionally up to 2% by weight of conductive carbon black particles, and - If necessary, further conductive additives, for example metal powder.

4. The electrode according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that The active material layer (7) can be applied to the base film (5), in particular in a coating process by wet or dry coating, and / or the base film (5) is laterally extended beyond the active material layer (7) by at least one arrester web (9), and in particular the arrester web (9) is a metal film cut-out that can be electrically conductively bonded to the base film (5), i.e., in particular in a bonding process that takes place between the forming process and the coating process.

5. The electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that The arrester film (9) can be bonded to the base film (5) by means of a PVDF adhesive, and / or the electrode (A, K) has two arrester tabs (9) which are bonded to opposite flat surfaces of the base film (5), and / or in the finished electrode (A, K), the thickness of the arrester tabs (9) is less than the thickness of the active material layer (7) in order to avoid contact with an adjacent diaphragm (S) in the electrode / diaphragm arrangement (3).

6. An electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that In the electrode designed as an anode (A), the starting material for producing the base film (5) is a dry powder mixture having the following composition: - in particular up to 97% by weight of graphite powder (17), - in particular up to 1% by weight of PTFE (15), - in particular up to 3% by weight of conductive carbon black particles, - If necessary, in particular up to 2% by weight of copper powder.

7. An electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that In the electrode designed as cathode (K), the starting material for producing the base film (5) is a dry powder mixture having the following composition: - in particular up to 92% by weight of NMC particles or another cathode active material, - in particular up to 2% by weight of PTFE, - in particular up to 3% by weight of conductive carbon black particles, - optionally, in particular up to 2% by weight of carbon nanotubes, - optionally, in particular up to 5% by weight of aluminum powder.

8. A method for producing an electrode (A, K) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising - a shaping process, in which the dry powder mixture is shaped into a continuous web (25) of base film, - a coating process, in which the active material layer (7) is applied to the base film continuous web (25) in a wet or dry process, i.e. forming a composite structure continuous web (29), - a drying process, if necessary, in which the wet-coated active material layer (7) of the continuous web (29) of the composite structure is dried, - a calendering process, in which the continuous web (29) of the composite structure is compacted, and - a cutting process, in which electrodes (A, K) are cut to length as electrode sheets from a continuous web (29) of a composite structure, characterized in that Between the shaping process and the coating process, a bonding process is carried out, in which at least one arrester web (9) is bonded as a metal film blank to the base film continuous web (25).

9. A battery cell having an electrode / diaphragm arrangement (3), in particular having at least one electrode (A, K) according to any of the preceding claims, the electrode / diaphragm arrangement having at least one stacking composite (39), in which the diaphragm (S) is coated directly on both sides with a layer of anode active material (7a) and cathode active material (7b) during a coating process, and the stacking composite (39) has a base film (5a, 5b) at its two stack ends, which extends laterally beyond the active material layer with a discharger tab (9). Layers (7a, 7b), and in particular, the two base films (5a, 5b) are bonded to the corresponding active material layers (7a, 7b) during the bonding process, and in particular, the electrode / diaphragm arrangement structure (3) is composed of a plurality of stacked composite structures (39) stacked one above the other, and in particular, the anode active material layers (7a) of adjacent stacked composite structures (39) face each other with the two base films (5a) as intermediate layers, and the cathode active material layers (7b) of adjacent stacked composite structures (39) face each other in the same way with the two base films (5b) as intermediate layers.

10. The battery cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The respective base films (5a, 5b) consist of conductive graphite (17) and a binder, in particular PTFE (15), and / or the base films (5a, 5b) consist of a PTFE composite with non-metallic conductive fillers, such as graphite powder (17) and / or conductive carbon black particles.

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