An accelerometer sensor arrangement method, apparatus, terminal device, and computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, terminal device, and computer-readable storage medium for arranging accelerometer sensors. The method includes: obtaining several preliminary installation positions and installing accelerometer sensors at these positions; acquiring vibration signals of a conductor at the corresponding preliminary installation positions using the accelerometer sensors; performing variational mode decomposition on the vibration signals and calculating the Spearman correlation coefficients for each mode; summing and averaging the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode to obtain an average correlation coefficient; selecting the highest average correlation coefficient from all the average correlation coefficients of the accelerometer sensors and using the preliminary installation position of the accelerometer sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position for the conductor; and removing the accelerometer sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position. By implementing this invention, the maximum modal information can be acquired with the fewest number of sensors, reducing monitoring costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural monitoring technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, terminal device, and computer-readable storage medium for arranging acceleration sensors. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, modal parameter identification methods have been widely used for damage detection of overhead transmission lines. In current modal parameter testing experiments, accelerometers are the core instruments, and the quality of their vibration data measurements is crucial for modal parameter identification. The sensor's installation location within the transmission line significantly affects the extraction of modal parameters; if installed at the antinodes of a modal vibration, the corresponding modal parameter can be effectively measured, while if installed at a node, it will be impossible to measure that modal parameter.

[0003] To obtain as many vibration modal parameters as possible for transmission lines, existing modal experiments often employ a single-input multiple-output (SMILE) method. This involves applying vibration excitation at a single point on the conductor and installing accelerometers at multiple points to measure the vibration acceleration. During the experiment, the installation positions of the accelerometers on the conductor are randomly determined. While this method can effectively measure multiple modal parameters, it requires a large number of accelerometers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, terminal device, and computer-readable storage medium for arranging accelerometers, which can achieve maximum modal information acquisition with a minimum number of sensors and reduce monitoring costs.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for arranging an accelerometer, comprising:

[0006] Obtain several preliminary installation positions and install the accelerometer at the preliminary installation positions of the wires;

[0007] Vibration signals of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position are obtained using an accelerometer;

[0008] Variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration;

[0009] Based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order, calculate the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode.

[0010] The average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer is obtained by summing and averaging the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode.

[0011] Select the highest average correlation coefficient from all the average correlation coefficients of the acceleration sensors, and take the initial installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire;

[0012] Remove the accelerometer from the initial installation location other than the optimal installation location.

[0013] Furthermore, several preliminary installation locations were determined in the following manner:

[0014] Obtain the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor;

[0015] Based on the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor, construct the spacetime equation for the conductor's vibration.

[0016] Based on the vibration spacetime equation, determine the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor;

[0017] Based on the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor, the vibration phase of each mode of the conductor is determined, and then based on the vibration phase, several preliminary installation positions are determined.

[0018] Furthermore, before acquiring the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position using an accelerometer, the process also includes:

[0019] Acquire the first displayed value of the accelerometer when stationary;

[0020] Vibration excitation is applied to the conductor to cause it to vibrate;

[0021] After the vibration stabilizes, obtain the second display value from the same accelerometer.

[0022] The first and second displayed values ​​are compared. If the first displayed value is equal to the second displayed value, the accelerometer is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the accelerometer is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the accelerometer at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0023] Furthermore, variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration, including:

[0024] Variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal based on a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order to obtain the eigenmode functions of each vibration order.

[0025] Furthermore, the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order are determined in the following way:

[0026] Initialize the particle's position and velocity; position includes: a penalty factor and a decomposed mode order;

[0027] The process is repeated until the preset number of iterations is reached or the fitness converges, yielding a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order. The process includes:

[0028] The vibration signal is modally decomposed and reconstructed based on the position of the particle to obtain the reconstructed signal.

[0029] Calculate the mean square error based on the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal;

[0030] The fitness of the current particle is calculated based on the mean square error;

[0031] Update the particle's position and velocity based on the current particle's fitness, the individual optimal solution, and the global optimal solution.

[0032] Furthermore, based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated, including:

[0033] Based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated using the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] Where, ρ k The Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th eigenmode function and the vibration signal is represented by p, where p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d represents the length of the vibration signal. i This represents the difference between the order of the k-th eigenmode function and the order of the amplitude of the vibration signal at the i-th vibration position.

[0036] Based on the above method embodiments, the present invention provides corresponding device embodiments, including: a preliminary installation module, a signal acquisition module, a mode decomposition module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, an average correlation coefficient calculation module, an optimal installation position confirmation module, and an acceleration sensor arrangement module;

[0037] The initial installation module is used to obtain several initial installation positions and install the accelerometer sensor on the initial installation positions of the wire;

[0038] The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position through an accelerometer.

[0039] The mode decomposition module is used to perform variational mode decomposition on vibration signals to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration.

[0040] The correlation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode based on the eigenmode function and vibration signal of each vibration order;

[0041] The average correlation coefficient calculation module is used to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer.

[0042] The optimal installation location confirmation module is used to select the highest average correlation coefficient from all the average correlation coefficients of the acceleration sensors, and to take the initial installation location of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation location of the wire.

[0043] An acceleration sensor placement module is used to remove acceleration sensors from initial installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

[0044] Furthermore, the accelerometer sensor arrangement device also includes: a calibration module;

[0045] The verification module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit, and a comparison and discrimination unit;

[0046] The first stationary state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the first display value of the accelerometer in a stationary state.

[0047] The vibration excitation unit is used to excite the conductor to vibrate, so that the conductor vibrates.

[0048] The second static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the second display value of the same accelerometer after the vibration has stabilized.

[0049] The comparison and discrimination unit is used to compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0050] Based on the above method embodiments, the present invention provides a corresponding terminal device embodiment, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the accelerometer sensor arrangement method as described in the present invention.

[0051] Based on the above method embodiments, the present invention provides a corresponding computer-readable storage medium embodiment, including: a stored computer program that, when the computer program is running, controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the steps of the accelerometer arrangement method as described in the present invention.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows:

[0053] This invention obtains several initial installation positions and installs accelerometers at these positions to collect vibration signals from the conductor at the corresponding initial installation positions. Then, variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signals to obtain the intrinsic mode functions (EMFs) of each vibration order. These EMFs reveal the vibration characteristics of the conductor at different frequencies. Next, based on the EMFs and the original vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated to assess the correlation between each mode and the original vibration signal. The Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are summed and averaged to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the accelerometers. The average correlation coefficient of all accelerometers is then calculated. The highest average correlation coefficient is selected from the average correlation coefficients. A higher average correlation coefficient indicates a better variational mode decomposition effect, meaning that more vibration mode information can be measured at this installation location. Next, the initial installation location of the accelerometer corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient is taken as the optimal installation location for the conductor. This location can not only effectively capture the vibration information of the conductor at different frequencies, but also achieve the maximum modal information acquisition with the fewest number of sensors. Finally, the accelerometers at the initial installation locations other than the optimal installation location are removed, and only the accelerometer at the optimal installation location is retained, reducing the number of accelerometers and lowering the monitoring cost.

[0054] In summary, this invention determines the optimal installation location of the accelerometer by variational mode decomposition and correlation coefficient calculation, which can achieve maximum modal information acquisition with the fewest number of sensors and reduce monitoring costs. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention for arranging an acceleration sensor;

[0056] Figure 2 These are waveform diagrams of various modes of vibration provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a modal decomposition result diagram of vibration acceleration data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an accelerometer sensor arrangement device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for arranging an accelerometer, the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Obtain several preliminary installation positions and install the accelerometer at the preliminary installation positions of the wires;

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, several initial installation locations are determined as follows:

[0064] Obtain the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor;

[0065] Based on the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor, construct the spacetime equation for the conductor's vibration.

[0066] Based on the vibration spacetime equation, determine the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor;

[0067] Based on the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor, the vibration phase of each mode of the conductor is determined, and then based on the vibration phase, several preliminary installation positions are determined.

[0068] For step S1, several preliminary installation positions are obtained. The vibration wavelengths of the mechanical structure are determined by theoretical calculations at these preliminary installation positions. Based on the calculated vibration wavelengths of the conductor, the phases of the modal vibrations of the conductor at the installation position of the accelerometer are determined, thereby determining the preliminary installation position of the accelerometer.

[0069] First, the overhead line is equated to a string fixed at both ends, and the spatiotemporal vibration equation of the overhead line is derived based on string vibration theory. According to the vibration equation and mechanical wave propagation theory, the wavelengths of each mode of conductor vibration are further determined. Specifically, parameters such as conductor tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency are obtained. During the operation of the overhead transmission line, the conductor reaches force equilibrium under the action of gravity and tension. At this point, the overhead transmission line within a span can be equated to a string fixed at both ends. When the span is very large, the conductor vibration can be further equated to undamped, stiffnessless string vibration.

[0070] The spacetime vibration equation of a string fixed at both ends can be expressed as:

[0071]

[0072] Where U(x) represents the spatial equation of conductor vibration, V(t) represents the temporal equation of conductor vibration, T represents the tension of conductor, ω represents the natural circular frequency of conductor, and m represents the linear density of conductor.

[0073] In a power transmission line, since the two ends of the conductor are fixed by clamps, they can be considered as fixed ends with an initial displacement of 0. Furthermore, assuming the conductor is initially at rest, its initial velocity and acceleration are also 0. Therefore, the boundary conditions for string vibration are as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Therefore, the equation for conductor vibration can be written as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where n represents the vibration mode order, A n The amplitude of the conductor is represented by L, and the length of the conductor is represented by L.

[0078] From the spatiotemporal vibration equation of the conductor, the expression for calculating the natural frequency of the conductor's vibration is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] According to the theory of mechanical wave propagation, the propagation speed of a vibrating mechanical wave in a conductor can be expressed by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Therefore, the wavelengths of each mode of vibration of the conductor can be calculated using the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, f n The natural frequency of the conductor's vibration is represented by λ, where v represents the propagation speed of the mechanical wave in the conductor, and λ represents the propagation speed of the mechanical wave in the conductor. n This represents the wavelength of each mode of vibration of the conductor.

[0085] Next, based on the calculated vibration wavelengths of each order of the conductor, the phase of each mode of vibration of the conductor at the installation position of the accelerometer is determined, thereby determining the initial installation position of the accelerometer. Specifically, as follows... Figure 2The diagram shows the waveforms of various modes of vibration. Since the vibration amplitude is largest at the antinodes, installing the sensor at these locations allows for the acquisition of the structural information for that mode of vibration to the greatest extent. However, for nodes, since the mode vibration is not excited, installing the sensor at the node will not be able to measure that mode information. Furthermore, for each mode of vibration, if the sensor is installed at an antinode of one mode, that location must be a node of another mode. Therefore, the accelerometer should be installed as close as possible to the non-nodes of each mode of vibration of the conductor.

[0086] According to mechanical wave theory, the installation position of an accelerometer can be characterized by the phase of the vibration wave. Let the installation position of the accelerometer be S. k The phase of each modal vibration can be calculated using the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, S k θ represents the k-th installation position of the accelerometer, and θ represents the phase of each modal vibration.

[0089] To obtain information for each vibration mode, the accelerometer installation location needs to measure the lowest and highest order vibration modes. Therefore, the initial installation location of the accelerometer should ensure that the phases of the highest and lowest order vibration modes are complementary. The phases of the lowest and highest order vibration modes can be calculated using the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Where, λ max λ represents the maximum vibration wavelength of the conductor. min θ represents the minimum vibration wavelength of the conductor. max θ represents the phase corresponding to the maximum vibration wavelength of the conductor. min This represents the phase corresponding to the minimum vibration wavelength of the conductor. By assuming the phases of the lowest and highest order modes are complementary, we obtain the following expression:

[0092]

[0093] At this point, the initial installation position S of the accelerometer sensor is... k It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0094]

[0095] The calculated series of locations will be used as the initial installation locations for the accelerometer.

[0096] Next, install the accelerometers in these initial mounting positions. It is important to note that because the conductors vibrate in the vertical plane, to ensure the sensor's measurement direction aligns with the vibration direction, use adhesive to horizontally fix the accelerometers above the conductors during installation. This ensures stable contact between the sensors and the conductors and avoids measurement errors caused by poor contact.

[0097] Step S2: Obtain the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position using an accelerometer;

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, before acquiring the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position using an accelerometer, the method further includes:

[0099] Acquire the first displayed value of the accelerometer when stationary;

[0100] Vibration excitation is applied to the conductor to cause it to vibrate;

[0101] After the vibration stabilizes, obtain the second display value from the same accelerometer.

[0102] The first and second displayed values ​​are compared. If the first displayed value is equal to the second displayed value, the accelerometer is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the accelerometer is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the accelerometer at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0103] For step S2, before conducting the conductor vibration test, the sensor needs to be calibrated to ensure its measurement accuracy. Specifically, the accelerometer is installed in the designated position and ensured to be stationary. Then, the sensor's displayed value is observed and recorded, and this value is taken as the first displayed value. The conductor is gently tapped to cause vibration. After the vibration stabilizes, the accelerometer's displayed value is observed and recorded again, and this value is taken as the second displayed value. The first and second displayed values ​​are compared to determine the state of the accelerometer. If the first displayed value equals the second displayed value, or the difference between the two is within the allowable error range, the accelerometer is considered to be in normal condition, meaning its measurement accuracy meets the test requirements. If there is a significant difference between the first and second displayed values, or the difference exceeds the allowable error range, the accelerometer is considered to be in abnormal condition. This may be due to sensor damage, improper installation, or interference from other external factors. In this case, the accelerometer in the corresponding position is reinstalled or replaced to ensure the accuracy of the test.

[0104] After calibrating all accelerometers, a vibration excitation was applied to the conductor using an impact hammer, causing it to enter a state of free decaying vibration. The sensors simultaneously collected the conductor's acceleration data. To ensure data accuracy and consistency, multiple sensors operated concurrently, covering different locations on the conductor, to collect vibration signals.

[0105] Step S3: Perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration;

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration, including:

[0107] Variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal based on a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order to obtain the eigenmode functions of each vibration order.

[0108] For step S3, the vibration acceleration signals collected by each sensor are subjected to variational mode decomposition (VMD), which decomposes the complex vibration signal into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with specific frequency components. Each IMF signal represents a vibration mode of different frequency components in the signal.

[0109] The core formula for VMD decomposition is expressed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Where a represents the penalty factor controlling the modal bandwidth, β represents the parameter controlling the similarity between the reconstructed signal and the original signal, k represents the order of the decomposed mode, σ represents the target frequency of the k-th order mode, and u k x(t) represents the k-th eigenmode function, and x(t) represents the original vibration signal.

[0112] During the iteration of VMD, based on the center frequency σ of each mode... k Update the frequency estimate. If the frequency change is small, it indicates that the frequency estimate has stabilized. The frequency change can be expressed by the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] in, This represents the center frequency of the k-th mode after the (n+1)th iteration. It represents the center frequency of the k-th mode after the nth iteration.

[0115] If for all modes, each Δσ k Less than the set threshold ε σ If the frequency convergence is achieved, then the convergence criterion is considered to be converged. The convergence criterion is expressed by the following formula:

[0116] maxΔσ k <ε σ

[0117] Thus, the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration can be obtained through the improved VMD algorithm, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the modal decomposition results of a set of measured vibration acceleration data are presented. Figure 3 (a) is the time-domain plot of the mode decomposition of the acceleration data. Figure 3 (b) is the frequency domain plot of the mode decomposition of the acceleration data.

[0118] The performance of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) is highly dependent on the selection of parameters, particularly the penalty factor α and the number of decomposition modes k. Therefore, before performing variational mode decomposition, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters α and k. This algorithm finds the optimal combination of parameters by simulating the motion of particles in the search space.

[0119] Preferably, the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order are determined in the following way:

[0120] Initialize the particle's position and velocity; position includes: a penalty factor and a decomposed mode order;

[0121] The process is repeated until the preset number of iterations is reached or the fitness converges, yielding a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order. The process includes:

[0122] The vibration signal is modally decomposed and reconstructed based on the position of the particle to obtain the reconstructed signal.

[0123] Calculate the mean square error based on the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal;

[0124] The fitness of the current particle is calculated based on the mean square error;

[0125] Update the particle's position and velocity based on the current particle's fitness, the individual optimal solution, and the global optimal solution.

[0126] Specifically, the parameters are first initialized. The position of each particle is initialized as a two-element vector, representing the penalty factor α and the decomposition mode order k, respectively. The particle velocity is also initialized as a two-element vector, representing the rate of change of α and k. Next, the algorithm executes a loop until one of the following two termination conditions is met: the preset maximum number of iterations is reached, or the fitness function converges, meaning that the fitness function value of the particle swarm changes very little over several consecutive iterations, indicating that the improvement of the solution becomes negligible.

[0127] It should be noted that the fitness function is used to evaluate the performance of each particle (i.e., each combination of α and k parameters). Since the goal of VMD is to decompose the signal so that the reconstructed signal is as close as possible to the original signal, the fitness function uses mean squared error (MSE) as the metric.

[0128]

[0129] Where x(n) represents the nth sample of the original signal, This represents the nth sample of the VMD reconstructed signal, where N represents the number of samples.

[0130] The fitness function is defined as:

[0131]

[0132] Here, pos(i,:) represents the current solution of the particle, containing two parameters 'a' and 'k', pos(i,1) represents the α value of the i-th particle, and pos(i,2) represents the k value of the i-th particle. The particle's velocity depends on its current position and the individual optimal solution (pBest). i The update is performed using the global optimal solution (gBest), allowing particles to move towards solutions with better fitness (smaller error values). The specific velocity update formula is as follows:

[0133] v i (t+1)=w·v i (t)+c1·rand1·(pBest i -pos i (t))+c2·rand2·(gBest-pos i (t))

[0134] Among them, v i (t) represents the velocity of particle i at time t, pos i (t) represents the position of particle i at time t, pBest i Let represent the individual optimal position of particle i, gBest represent the global optimal position, w represent the inertia weight, which is used to control the continuity of particle velocity and is usually adjusted in the range of [0,1]. c1 and c2 represent learning factors, which are used to control the strength of particle movement towards the individual optimal solution and the global optimal solution and are usually set as constants. rand1 and rand2 represent independent random numbers, which are usually randomly generated in the range of [0,1] to enhance the randomness of the search.

[0135] The particle position is a vector representing a candidate solution in the solution space. The particle's next position is determined by both its current velocity and current position. The specific position update formula is as follows:

[0136] posi (t+1)=pos i (t)+v i (t+1)

[0137] A higher fitness value indicates a better current solution. Particles compare their current fitness value with pBest. i The fitness function is used to determine whether to update the position and velocity. If the change in the fitness function value is very small, it means that the improvement of the solution has become negligible, the search process tends to stabilize, and at this point, the algorithm can be considered to have approached the global optimum, thus terminating the algorithm.

[0138] Step S4: Calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order;

[0139] In a preferred embodiment, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order, including:

[0140] Based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated using the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] Where, ρ k The Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th eigenmode function and the vibration signal is represented by p, where p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d represents the length of the vibration signal. i This represents the difference between the order of the k-th eigenmode function and the order of the amplitude of the vibration signal at the i-th vibration position.

[0143] For step S4, based on the vibration acceleration mode decomposition results of each accelerometer obtained in step S3, the Spearman correlation coefficient is introduced to evaluate the correlation between the IMF signals of each mode and the original vibration acceleration signal, thereby determining the optimal installation position of the accelerometer. Specifically, the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode is calculated using the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] Where, ρ k The Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th eigenmode function and the vibration signal is represented by p, where p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d represents the length of the vibration signal. i This represents the difference between the order of the k-th eigenmode function and the order of the amplitude of the vibration signal at the i-th vibration position.

[0146] It should be noted that for the original signal, the vibration amplitudes of all its sample points are sorted in ascending order, and the sorting position (i.e., rank) of each sample point is recorded. The same operation is performed for each order of IMF signal, sorting the vibration amplitudes of all its sample points and recording the sorting positions. For each sample point of the IMF signal, its position (rank) in the IMF signal sorting and its position (rank) in the original signal sorting are found. The absolute value of the difference between these two positions (ranks) is defined as the difference in rank value for that sample point.

[0147] Step S5: Sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer.

[0148] For step S5, for each accelerometer at each location, the Spearman correlation coefficients between each mode and the original signal are summed and averaged to calculate the average correlation coefficient. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0149]

[0150] in, The accelerometer reading represents the average correlation coefficient at a given location, k represents the mode decomposition order, and ρ represents the average correlation coefficient at a given location. i Let represent the Spearman correlation coefficient between the i-th order IMF signal and the original signal. If the average correlation coefficient... A higher average correlation coefficient indicates better VMD decomposition results, meaning that more vibration mode information can be measured at this installation location. A lower value indicates a poor VMD decomposition effect, which may mean that the vibration signal at that location is more complex, or that the VMD decomposition technology is not applied ideally at that location.

[0151] Step S6: Select the highest average correlation coefficient from all the average correlation coefficients of the accelerometers, and take the initial installation position of the accelerometer corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire;

[0152] For step S6, the location of the accelerometer with the highest average correlation coefficient among all accelerometers is selected as the optimal installation location. This optimal location not only maximizes the capture of vibration mode information of the cable or structure but also ensures that the sensor provides higher sensitivity and accuracy in practical applications. Choosing such an installation location means that the dynamic characteristics of the structure can be reflected more comprehensively, which is helpful for subsequent vibration analysis and fault diagnosis, while providing strong data support for the safe operation of the equipment.

[0153] Step S7: Remove the accelerometer from the initial installation position other than the optimal installation position.

[0154] In step S7, after determining the optimal installation location, the accelerometers at other initial installation locations are removed. The accelerometer arrangement method of this invention effectively reduces the number of accelerometers required, thereby optimizing the overall monitoring system configuration and reducing operating costs.

[0155] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the above method embodiments, corresponding apparatus embodiments are provided;

[0156] An embodiment of the present invention provides an accelerometer placement device, comprising: a preliminary installation module, a signal acquisition module, a mode decomposition module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, an average correlation coefficient calculation module, an optimal installation position confirmation module, and an accelerometer placement module;

[0157] The initial installation module is used to obtain several initial installation positions and install the accelerometer sensor on the initial installation positions of the wire;

[0158] The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position through an accelerometer.

[0159] The mode decomposition module is used to perform variational mode decomposition on vibration signals to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration.

[0160] The correlation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode based on the eigenmode functions and vibration signals of each vibration order.

[0161] The average correlation coefficient calculation module is used to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer.

[0162] The optimal installation location confirmation module is used to select the highest average correlation coefficient from all the average correlation coefficients of the acceleration sensors, and to take the initial installation location of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation location of the wire.

[0163] An acceleration sensor placement module is used to remove acceleration sensors from initial installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the accelerometer arrangement device further includes: a calibration module;

[0165] The verification module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit, and a comparison and discrimination unit;

[0166] The first stationary state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the first display value of the accelerometer in a stationary state.

[0167] The vibration excitation unit is used to excite the conductor to vibrate, so that the conductor vibrates.

[0168] The second static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the second display value of the same accelerometer after the vibration has stabilized.

[0169] The comparison and discrimination unit is used to compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0170] It is understood that the above-described device embodiments correspond to the method embodiments of the present invention, and can implement the method for arranging the acceleration sensor provided by any of the above-described method embodiments of the present invention.

[0171] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by this invention, the connection relationships between modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0172] Based on the above embodiments of the accelerometer sensor arrangement method, another embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the accelerometer sensor arrangement method of any embodiment of the present invention.

[0173] For example, in this embodiment, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a specific function, which describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device.

[0174] The terminal device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0175] The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The processor is the control center of the terminal device, connecting all parts of the terminal device via various interfaces and lines.

[0176] Based on the above-described method embodiments, another embodiment is provided: another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the accelerometer sensor arrangement method described in any of the above-described method embodiments of the present invention.

[0177] The module / unit integrated into the accelerometer sensor placement device / terminal equipment, if implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium, etc.

[0178] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging accelerometer sensors, characterized in that, include: Obtain several preliminary installation positions and install the accelerometer at the preliminary installation positions of the wires; The vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position is obtained through the accelerometer. The vibration signal is subjected to variational mode decomposition to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration; Based on the eigenmode functions of each vibration and the vibration signal, calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode; The average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer is obtained by summing and averaging the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode. The highest average correlation coefficient is selected from all the average correlation coefficients of the acceleration sensors, and the initial installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient is taken as the optimal installation position of the wire. The accelerometers at the initial installation locations other than the optimal installation location are removed.

2. The method for arranging the accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preliminary installation locations are determined in the following manner: Obtain the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor; Based on the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the conductor, construct the spacetime equation for the conductor's vibration. Based on the aforementioned vibration spacetime equation, determine the vibration wavelengths of each mode of the conductor; Based on the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor, the vibration phase of each mode of the conductor is determined, and then based on the vibration phase, several preliminary installation positions are determined.

3. The method for arranging the accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before acquiring the vibration signal of the conductor at the corresponding initial installation position via the accelerometer, the method further includes: Obtain the first displayed value of the accelerometer in a stationary state; The conductor is subjected to vibration excitation to cause it to vibrate; After the vibration stabilizes, obtain the second display value from the same accelerometer. The first displayed value and the second displayed value are compared. If the first displayed value is equal to the second displayed value, the accelerometer is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the accelerometer is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the accelerometer at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

4. The method for arranging the accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Variational mode decomposition is performed on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration, including: The vibration signal is subjected to variational mode decomposition based on a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order to obtain the eigenmode functions of each vibration order.

5. The method for arranging the accelerometer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order are determined in the following way: Initialize the position and velocity of the particle; the position includes: a penalty factor and a decomposition mode order; The iterative process is executed until the number of iterations reaches a preset number or the fitness converges, yielding a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order; the iterative process includes: The vibration signal is modally decomposed and reconstructed based on the position of the particle to obtain the reconstructed signal. The mean square error is calculated based on the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal. The fitness of the current particle is calculated based on the mean square error; Update the particle's position and velocity based on the current particle's fitness, the individual optimal solution, and the global optimal solution.

6. The method for arranging the accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the eigenmode functions of each vibration order and the vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated, including: Based on the eigenmode functions of each vibration order and the vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are calculated using the following formula: Where, ρ k The Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th eigenmode function and the vibration signal is represented by p, where p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d represents the length of the vibration signal. i This represents the difference between the order of the k-th eigenmode function and the order of the amplitude of the vibration signal at the i-th vibration position.

7. An accelerometer sensor arrangement device, characterized in that, include: The module includes a preliminary installation module, a signal acquisition module, a mode decomposition module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, an average correlation coefficient calculation module, an optimal installation location confirmation module, and an acceleration sensor placement module. The preliminary installation module is used to obtain several preliminary installation positions and install the accelerometer sensor on the preliminary installation position of the wire; The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial installation position through the accelerometer; The mode decomposition module is used to perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration. The correlation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each mode based on the eigenmode functions of each vibration and the vibration signal. The average correlation coefficient calculation module is used to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the accelerometer. The optimal installation position confirmation module is used to select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and take the initial installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire. The acceleration sensor arrangement module is used to remove acceleration sensors from initial installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

8. The accelerometer sensor arrangement device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Verification module; The verification module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit, and a comparison and discrimination unit; The first static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the first display value of the accelerometer in a static state; The vibration excitation unit is used to excite the conductor to vibrate, so that the conductor vibrates. The second static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the second display value of the same accelerometer after the vibration has stabilized; The comparison and discrimination unit is used to compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in a normal state. Otherwise, the acceleration sensor is determined to be in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for arranging the acceleration sensor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, include: A stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the method of arranging the acceleration sensor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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