Cutting propagation method of big-leaf Prunus persica

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of big-leaf peach heart wood, and belongs to the technical field of big-leaf peach heart wood seedling culture, the method comprises the following steps: (1) disinfecting big-leaf peach heart wood cuttings; (2) soaking the disinfected petasites tatewakianus scions in a plant hormone solution, and then sequentially carrying out air drying and disinfection; (3) cutting the disinfected penaeus macrophyllus cuttings into the solid substrate 1 to obtain cutting seedlings, and then performing disinfection and management and protection treatment in sequence; and (4) transplanting the cutting seedlings subjected to the management and protection treatment into a solid substrate 2 for seedling culture. Through the synergistic effect of the component proportion of the solid substrate, the proportion of plant hormones, the hormone treatment time, the length of the cutting slips and daily management and protection treatment after cuttage in the seedling raising process, the rooting rate of the cutting seedlings can reach about 90% when cuttage is conducted for 90 days, and the survival rate after transplanting reaches 100%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of big-leaf mahogany seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a cutting propagation method for big-leaf mahogany. Background Art

[0002] Bigleaf mahogany is a large tree of the genus Mahogany in the Meliaceae family. It is native to Mexico and Central America and has been introduced and cultivated in southern my country. Bigleaf mahogany grows rapidly, with a straight trunk, lush and dark green branches and leaves, and a beautiful tree shape. It is suitable for garden greening. The wood has a strong luster, fine structure, straight or slightly staggered texture, and a distinct difference between the heartwood and sapwood. The heartwood is reddish brown, and the sapwood is light yellowish brown to light reddish brown. The wood is heavy, hard, has low shrinkage, is insect-resistant and durable. It is a precious and high-quality mahogany wood and a garden greening tree species in the world. It is also one of the promising tree species in China's tropical and subtropical regions. However, due to the influence of its seed source and seedling cultivation technology, the planting and promotion area of ​​this tree species in my country is relatively small, and its value cannot be better exerted.

[0003] At present, most large-leaf mahogany trees are propagated by seeds. For example, Wu Hongying et al. conducted a screening test on the germination method and seedling medium of large-leaf mahogany seeds and found that: when soaking seeds in 40℃ warm water for 12 hours, the shortest germination time of large-leaf mahogany seeds is the 12th day, the shortest germination duration is 11 days, and the highest germination rate is 69.5%; when the seedling medium is coconut bran: peat soil: carbonized rice husk = 3:3:4, large-leaf mahogany seedlings grow best, and the seedling height reaches 26.4cm and the root length reaches 9.36cm after 3 months of growth. This method has the following disadvantages: (1) Large-leaf mahogany seeds need to be sown immediately after collection, and the seeds cannot be stored for a long time. The collection of seeds is limited by the season; (2) Seedlings cannot fully inherit the excellent characteristics of superior trees; (3) Seedlings grow slowly and the seedling period lasts for a long time; (4) The seed germination rate under this technical condition is low, only 69.5%. That is, since seed propagation belongs to sexual reproduction, the gene combination of offspring produced by sexual reproduction is diverse, which increases the uncertainty of inheritance. Offspring are prone to mutation, which may lead to the degeneration of varieties, the loss of the original excellent traits of the mother plant, and the unstable quality of wood. In addition, sexual reproduction needs to go through four stages: germination, seedling, growth, and maturity. The growth rate in the seedling and growth stages is slow, and the growth cycle from germination to maturity is long, and the cost of seedling cultivation is high. In addition, there are few provenances of big-leaf mahogany in my country, and there are few mature and seed-producing provenances, and the collection of seeds is limited by the season. Therefore, it is very important to solve the problem of cutting technology of big-leaf mahogany. At present, there is no research report on the cutting technology of big-leaf mahogany.

[0004] Therefore, now there is a kind of cuttage propagation method of bigleaf mahogany to be provided urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a cutting propagation method for big-leaf mahogany. The method mainly uses the cutting method. The material collection is not restricted by seasons and can be carried out at any time. It is not restricted by tree age and plants of all ages can be used for material collection. The propagated big-leaf mahogany has a high survival rate, grows rapidly, and can fully inherit the excellent characteristics of the mother plant, thus solving the problems of high seedling raising cost, slow plant growth, uneven plant quality and low survival rate commonly existing in seed seedlings.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cutting propagation method for bigleaf mahogany comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Disinfecting large-leaf mahogany fringe strips;

[0009] (2) soaking the disinfected mahogany fringe strips in a plant hormone solution, and then air-drying and disinfecting them in sequence;

[0010] (3) cutting the disinfected bigleaf mahogany cuttings into the solid matrix 1 to obtain cutting seedlings, and then disinfecting and maintaining them in sequence;

[0011] (4) transplanting the cutting seedlings after the management and care treatment into the solid matrix 2 for seedling cultivation;

[0012] Wherein, the solid matrix 1 comprises the following raw materials in terms of mass ratio:

[0013] Peat soil: coconut bran: yellow mud: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1:1:1 or 2:2:4:1:1.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The cuttings adopted by the present invention are a kind of asexual propagation method, which obtains new plants by directly using the branches of the mother plant for propagation. Among them, cutting propagation generally needs to go through four stages: survival period, seedling and early growth period, rapid growth period, and maturity period. On the one hand, the present invention directly uses the mature branches (semi-lignified branches) of the mother plant for propagation, and the seedlings and early growth period and rapid growth period grow faster, which greatly shortens the maturity period. On the other hand, the plants propagated by cuttings can fully inherit the excellent characteristics of the mother plant, ensuring The stable inheritance of excellent genes is ensured, and the cutting operation is simple and easy, with relatively low technical requirements. You only need to select the branches and the matrix to get started easily, which is more convenient than seed propagation. In addition, through the synergistic effect of the component ratio of the rooting matrix (solid matrix 1), the ratio of plant hormones, the time of hormone treatment, the length of the cuttings and the daily care and treatment after cuttings in the seedling raising process specified in the present invention, the rooting rate of the cuttings can reach about 90% when the cuttings are 90 days old, and the survival rate after transplanting reaches 100%.

[0015] Optionally, the Swietenia macrophylla King cuttings are semi-lignified branches.

[0016] Furthermore, no leaves are retained on the Swietenia macrophylla King cuttings. The petiole length is 2 cm, the cutting length is 6 - 10 cm, the top of the cutting is a flat cut, and the lower part of the cutting is an inclined cut.

[0017] Optionally, the carbendazim solution is used during the disinfection process in steps (1), (2), and (3).

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the solute (carbendazim stock solution) to the solvent (water) in the carbendazim solution is 1:1000.

[0019] Optionally, the plant hormone solution in step (2) is an IBA solution with a concentration of 200 - 600 mg / L; the soaking time is 1 - 5 min.

[0020] Furthermore, the solid substrate 1 comprises the following raw materials according to the mass ratio: peat soil: coconut coir: yellow clay: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1:1:1; the cutting length is 10 cm; the concentration of the IBA solution is 600 mg / L; the soaking time is 5 min.

[0021] Optionally, the specific operation of the management and protection treatment in step (3) is as follows:

[0022] Cover with a plastic film after cutting;

[0023] During the period from the 5th day after cutting (when the cuttings start to germinate) to the 20th day after cutting (when the leaves are fully unfolded), water is poured once every 2 - 3 days, and the water is poured through.

[0024] After the 20th day after cutting, a shading net is covered above the plastic film. The two ends of the plastic film are opened during the day for ventilation and closed at night. During the period until the 35th day after cutting, water is poured once every 1 - 2 days.

[0025] From the 35th day after cutting to the 50th day after cutting, the leaves are trimmed. The plastic film is fully opened during the day and covered at night, and water is poured once a day.

[0026] From the 50th day after cutting to the 90th day after cutting, water management is carried out to ensure that the substrate is neither dry nor overly wet, and then watering is carried out according to the humidity of the substrate, once in the morning and once in the evening.

[0027] Furthermore, during the period from the 50th day to the 90th day after cutting, a shading net is covered throughout the process, with one layer covered in the morning and evening and two layers covered at noon.

[0028] Optionally, the solid substrate 2 in step (4) comprises the following raw materials according to the mass ratio:

[0029] Yellow clay: peat soil: perlite = 3:2:1.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0031] 1. The cutting seedling raising method of Swietenia macrophylla King provided by the present invention has a high rooting rate, a high transplanting survival rate, and the cuttings of Swietenia macrophylla King cultivated have well-developed roots, strong plants, and grow rapidly.

[0032] 2. The method of the present invention is not limited by time and materials, and materials can be taken at any time, and it is not limited by tree age, and plants of all age stages can be used as materials.

[0033] 3. The method of the present invention belongs to asexual reproduction, and the plants bred can completely inherit the excellent traits of the mother plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a growth picture of the cuttings of Swietenia macrophylla King during the management and protection process after cutting in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Among them, (a) is the cutting, (b) is the germination, (c) is the fully expanded leaves, (d) is the pruning of leaves, (e) is the callus, and (f) is the rooting;

[0037] Figure 2 It is the growth situation (left) of the cuttings obtained by the optimal cutting scheme in Embodiment 1 after being transplanted into the seedling bag for 1 year and the root situation (right) of the seedlings after 1 year of transplantation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation to the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0039] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0040] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0042] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0043] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) Cutting location: Use plug trays for cuttings, with one cutting per plug;

[0045] (2) Selection of spikelets: branches with buds (semi-lignified branches);

[0046] (3) Cutting treatment: Cut off all leaves on the cutting, leaving 2 cm petiole, and trim into 6-10 cm cuttings. Cut the upper end of the cutting flat to reduce water evaporation, and cut the lower end obliquely to increase the contact area with the soil.

[0047] (4) Disinfection of cuttings: Soak the cuttings in a 1000-fold diluted carbendazim aqueous solution for 10 minutes, and then rinse with tap water 3 to 5 times;

[0048] (5) Hormone soaking: Soak the lower end of the spike in a 200-600 mg / L IBA solution for 1-5 min;

[0049] (6) Selection of substrate: The raw material components and proportions of the substrate are: peat soil: coconut husk: yellow mud: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1:1:1 or 2:2:4:1:1;

[0050] (7) Substrate disinfection: The day before cutting and after the cuttings are inserted, the substrate should be irrigated and disinfected with a 1000-fold diluted carbendazim aqueous solution, and the substrate should be completely irrigated during irrigation;

[0051] (8) Maintenance and treatment after cutting;

[0052] (9) Transplanting into a seedling raising bag for seedling raising, wherein the substrate in the seedling raising bag includes the following raw materials by weight ratio:

[0053] Yellow mud: peat soil: perlite = 3:2:1.

[0054] The raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased from the market.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A cutting propagation method for bigleaf mahogany comprises the following steps:

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown in (a), semi-lignified branches were collected from the big-leaf mahogany scion nursery, all leaves were cut off, 2 cm petioles were left, and the cuttings were trimmed into 6-10 cm cuttings. The upper end was cut flat and the lower end was cut obliquely. The cuttings were soaked in a 1:1000 times carbendazim aqueous solution for 10 minutes for disinfection, washed with tap water 3-5 times, and then the lower end of the cuttings was soaked in a 200-600 mg / L IBA solution for 1-5 minutes. After the solution is naturally air-dried, the cuttings are planted in a matrix of peat soil: coconut bran: yellow mud: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1-4:1:1 (placed in a standard cutting seedling tray, with 50 cuttings in each seedling tray) that has been disinfected with carbendazim solution. After the cuttings are planted, the matrix is ​​irrigated with carbendazim aqueous solution, and then management and maintenance are carried out. Finally, the survival and rooting of the cuttings (90 days) are observed and counted to select the best cutting scheme;

[0059] The specific operations of the maintenance process are:

[0060] After cutting, cover with plastic film to prevent water loss and maintain temperature. After about 5 days, the cuttings begin to sprout (such as Figure 1 (b) In this stage, water once every 2 to 3 days and water thoroughly.

[0061] By about 20 days, the leaves are fully expanded (such as Figure 1 (c) In this case, a shade net should be placed on top of the plastic film. Open both ends of the plastic film for ventilation during the day and close both ends at night. Water once every 1 to 2 days during this stage.

[0062] To about 35 days, at this time the leaves need to be trimmed (such as Figure 1 As shown in (d), some leaves are cut to reduce the loss of water in the cuttings. The plastic film can be completely opened during the day and covered at night. Watering is required once a day at this stage.

[0063] About 50 days after cutting, the plastic film can be removed. At this time, callus begins to grow at the lower cut of the cutting. This stage is crucial for the cutting to take root. Attention must be paid to water management (controlling the air humidity above 90% and the soil humidity at 30%-35%), ensuring that the substrate is neither dry nor overly wet. Watering is carried out according to the humidity of the substrate, once in the morning and once in the evening; and a shading net is covered, one layer in the morning and evening, and two layers at noon. The shading net can be removed after rooting.

[0064] Among them, the cutting substrate ratio, IBA concentration, soaking time of plant hormone (IBA concentration), and cutting length are selected as four factors, and each factor is set at three levels. The rooting rate is used as the evaluation index to conduct an L 9 (3 4 ) orthogonal experiment. The determined factor levels are shown in Table 1. The substrate of river sand, without soaking in hormone, and cutting length of 8 cm are used as the control group (CK). There are a total of 10 treatments, each treatment includes 32 cuttings, and a total of 320 cuttings are required.

[0065] Table 1 Factor levels of orthogonal experiment

[0066]

[0067] The analysis of the orthogonal experiment results is shown in Table 2:

[0068] Table 2 Orthogonal experiment scheme and results

[0069]

[0070] Conclusion: It can be seen from Table 2 that when the cutting substrate is peat soil∶coconut coir∶yellow clay∶perlite∶river sand = 2∶2∶1∶1∶1, the cutting length is 10 cm, the base of the cutting is soaked in 600 mg / L IBA solution for 5 min, the rooting rate of the cutting reaches 87.5%; and from Figure 1 in (e) and (f), it can be seen that since Swietenia macrophylla King belongs to a plant with callus rooting type, the plant grows buds first and then roots. Roots begin to grow successively 60 days after cutting. When it is 90 days after cutting, the rooting rate is close to 90%. At this time, the cutting seedlings of Swietenia macrophylla King obtained have well-developed roots and strong plants.

[0071] Effect verification

[0072] The cuttings obtained from the optimal cutting scheme in Example 1 are transplanted into nursery bags for conventional management and protection. The specific steps are as follows:

[0073] After 90 days of cutting, the root-growing tray of the cuttings is no longer able to meet the growth of the roots, and transplantation is required. Transplant the Swietenia macrophylla King cuttings from the seedling tray to the nursery bags (transplant 1 cutting per nursery bag). The specification of the nursery bag is 15 cm × 15 cm. At this time, the roots of the Swietenia macrophylla King are relatively developed, and the transplanting substrate is yellow mud∶peat soil∶perlite = 3∶2∶1.

[0074] Among them, during the transplantation process, first use a small wooden piece to draw a circle around the planting hole of the seedling tray, and do not loosen the soil ball. Transplant the cutting together with the soil ball as a whole into the nursery bag. After transplantation, conduct management and protection according to the following methods. The specific management and protection steps and conditions are as follows:

[0075] (1) After transplantation, a shading net needs to be covered above the seedbed, and watering can be done once in the morning and evening every day;

[0076] (2) Four weeks after transplantation, the watering frequency can be appropriately reduced, and watering can be done once a day. On cloudy days or when the sun is not strong, the shading net can be temporarily removed to slowly acclimatize the seedlings;

[0077] (3) Two months after transplantation, the shading net can be removed to allow the seedlings to grow normally in the sun;

[0078] (4) Two months after transplantation, fertilization management is required;

[0079] (5) Three to four months after transplantation, pruning management of the cuttings is required. According to the growth of the cuttings, retain a straight and strong sprouting branch, and use the close planting method (that is, the nursery bags are closely arranged in a seedbed) to let it vertically prune naturally to ensure that the plant type of the cuttings grows straight;

[0080] (6) Fertilize once every 3 - 4 months later, and do a good job in pest and disease control.

[0081] One year after transplantation, the survival rate of transplantation can reach 100%. Among them, the plant height of the cuttings reaches 60 cm, and the ground diameter reaches 9 mm, and they can be used for afforestation on the mountain.

[0082] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cutting propagation method for bigleaf mahogany, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Disinfecting large-leaf mahogany cuttings; (2) soaking the sterilized bigleaf mahogany fringe strips in a plant hormone solution, and then air-drying and sterilizing them in sequence; (3) cutting the large-leaf mahogany cuttings disinfected in step (2) into the solid matrix 1 to obtain cutting seedlings, and then disinfecting and maintaining them in sequence; (4) transplanting the cutting seedlings after the management and care treatment into the solid matrix 2 for seedling cultivation; Wherein, the solid matrix 1 comprises the following raw materials according to mass ratio: Peat soil: coconut bran: yellow mud: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1:1:1 or 2:2:4:1:

1.

2. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bigleaf mahogany fringe strips are semi-lignified branches.

3. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the big-leaf mahogany fringe strips is 6 to 10 cm.

4. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection process in step (1), step (2) and step (3) uses carbendazim solution.

5. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of solute to solvent in the polybrene solution is 1:1000.

6. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant hormone solution in step (2) is an IBA solution with a concentration of 200-600 mg / L; the soaking time is 1-5 min.

7. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the mass ratio, the solid matrix 1 includes the following raw materials: peat soil: coconut husk: yellow mud: perlite: river sand = 2:2:1:1:1; The concentration of the IBA solution is 600 mg / L; The soaking time is 5 min; The length of the bigleaf mahogany fringe strips is 10 cm.

8. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of the maintenance treatment in step (3) is: Cover with plastic film after cutting; From the 5th to the 20th day after cutting, water once every 2 to 3 days; After the 20th day of cutting, a shade net is placed on top of the plastic film. During the day, both ends of the plastic film are opened for ventilation, and at night, both ends are closed. Water is applied once every 1 to 2 days until the 35th day of cutting. From the 35th to the 50th day after cutting, trim the leaves, open the plastic film completely during the day, cover it at night, and water it once a day; Carry out water management from the 50th day to the 90th day after cutting.

9. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 8, characterized in that: From the 50th day to the 90th day after cutting, cover the plants with shade nets throughout the whole process, one layer in the morning and evening, and two layers at noon.

10. The cutting propagation method of bigleaf mahogany according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of mass ratio, the solid matrix 2 in step (4) comprises the following raw materials: Yellow mud: peat soil: perlite = 3:2:1.

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