Control method of facility vegetable residue treatment system

Abstract

The invention provides a control method of a facility vegetable residue treatment system. The facility vegetable residue treatment system comprises a vegetable residue feeding assembly, a control system, a first vegetable residue treatment assembly and a second vegetable residue treatment assembly, and the control system is electrically connected with the above assemblies. Through arrangement of the control system, the rotten vegetable feeding assembly selectively communicates with the first rotten vegetable processing assembly or the second rotten vegetable processing assembly, and the first rotten vegetable processing assembly comprises a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device and a grinding device which are sequentially connected. The second rotten vegetable processing assembly comprises a rotten vegetable crushing device and a rotten vegetable fermenting device which are connected in sequence. According to the control method provided by the invention, full-process control is performed on the facility vegetable residue treatment system, automation of the facility vegetable residue treatment process is realized, the resource utilization rate is far higher than that of a conventional mode, and pollution of agricultural wastes is reduced while resource waste is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly relates to a control method for a treatment system of facility vegetable tail vegetables. Background Art

[0002] Facility vegetables refer to vegetables produced by artificially creating a suitable growth environment for vegetables using specific facilities (such as greenhouses, etc.) in seasons or regions where open-field cultivation is not suitable for vegetable growth. During the production process of facility vegetables, the treatment of residual leaves, roots, and other tail vegetables remaining after vegetable picking has always been a difficult problem.

[0003] Traditional methods for treating tail vegetables include landfilling, incineration, etc. These methods not only have low treatment efficiency, but also are prone to polluting the environment and wasting the organic resources in the tail vegetables. Existing technologies can convert tail vegetables into more valuable products through biomass energy conversion, organic fertilizer production, and feed production, etc., to achieve the recycling of resources. The development of these technologies not only helps to reduce environmental pollution, but also improves the economic benefits of the vegetable industry. In the existing technologies, the improvement of tail vegetable treatment devices focuses on single functions such as drying or fermenting of tail vegetables, the degree of automation of the devices is insufficient, and there is a lack of general applicability for the treatment of different types of tail vegetables. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a treatment system of facility vegetable tail vegetables that classifies and treats tail vegetables and has a high degree of automation.

[0005] Technical Solution: A control method for a treatment system of facility vegetable tail vegetables, the treatment system of facility vegetable tail vegetables includes: a tail vegetable feeding component, a control system, a first tail vegetable treatment component, and a second tail vegetable treatment component. The control system is electrically connected to the tail vegetable feeding component, the first tail vegetable treatment component, and the second tail vegetable treatment component; through the setting of the control system, the tail vegetable feeding component can be selectively connected to the first tail vegetable treatment component or the second tail vegetable treatment component. The first tail vegetable treatment component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence. The second tail vegetable treatment component includes a tail vegetable crushing device and a tail vegetable fermentation device connected in sequence; material sensors are provided on the steam explosion device, the tail vegetable crushing device, and the tail vegetable fermentation device, and humidity sensors are provided in the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device.

[0006] The control method includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select the first tail vegetable treatment mode or the second tail vegetable treatment mode in the control system according to the type of tail vegetables;

[0008] S2. If the first tail vegetable treatment mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to convey the tail vegetables into the first tail vegetable treatment component. The control system receives the signal from the material sensor on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device to perform steam explosion treatment on the tail vegetables, and conveys the tail vegetables after steam explosion treatment into the solid-liquid separation device;

[0009] S3. The solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation treatment on the tail vegetables. At the same time, the control system receives the signal from the humidity sensor in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the water content of the tail vegetables is lower than the set first humidity threshold, the control system starts the drying device and conveys the tail vegetables into the drying device;

[0010] S4. The drying device performs heating and drying treatment on the tail vegetables. The control system receives the signal from the humidity sensor in the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the water content of the tail vegetables is lower than the set second humidity threshold, the control system starts the grinding device and conveys the tail vegetables into the grinding device. After the tail vegetables are ground, they are output as organic feed;

[0011] S5. If the second tail vegetable treatment mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to convey the tail vegetables into the second tail vegetable treatment component. The control system receives the signal from the material sensor on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to perform crushing treatment on the tail vegetables, and conveys the crushed tail vegetables into the tail vegetable fermentation device;

[0012] S6. The tail vegetable fermentation device performs fermentation treatment on the tail vegetables according to the preset parameters. The control system receives the signal from the material sensor on the tail vegetable fermentation device. When the amount of tail vegetables reaches the set threshold, the control system controls the tail vegetable fermentation device to add fermentation microorganisms to the tail vegetables. After the tail vegetables are fermented, they are output as organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, step S6 further includes: the control system receives the signal from the material sensor on the tail vegetable fermentation device according to the set period, and calculates the dosing amount of the fermentation microorganism agent in the next period through the PID control algorithm.

[0014] Specifically, in step S6, calculating the dosing amount of the fermentation microorganism agent in the next period through the PID control algorithm includes:

[0015] Set the time length of a processing period, D, in the control system n is the data set of the tail vegetable components obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing period, P n is the processing result of the above data set by the calculation module of the control system after the end of the nth processing period, M n+1 is based on the preset function for Pn The type of microbial inoculant required for the (n + 1)-th treatment cycle obtained after calculation, Q n+1 is the dosage of the microbial inoculant required for the (n + 1)-th treatment cycle:

[0016] D n ={d 1 , d 2 , …, d k}

[0017] P n = f(D n )

[0018] (M n+1 , Q n+1 ) = g(P n )

[0019] In the formula: k is the number of sensors, f is the processing function preset by the control system calculation module, and g is the calculation function preset by the control system calculation module;

[0020] The main controller, based on the calculated M n+1 and Q n+1 , dispenses the corresponding type and quantity of microbial inoculant at the beginning of the (n + 1)-th treatment cycle through the control system;

[0021] Let R n+1 be the actual dosage of the microbial inoculant in the (n + 1)-th treatment cycle, E n+1 be the dosage error, u n+1 be the output of the PID control algorithm, K p be the proportional coefficient, K i be the integral coefficient, and K d be the differential coefficient;

[0022] The calculation method of the dosage error is:

[0023] E n+1 = Q n+1 - R n+1

[0024] The PID control algorithm is:

[0025]

[0026] The main controller adjusts the output of the control system according to u n+1 so that the actual dosage R n+2 of the microbial inoculant in the (n + 2)-th treatment cycle is closer to the target dosage Q n+2 .

[0027] Specifically, the tail vegetable feeding assembly includes a storage tank, a conveyor belt, and a feeding port. The storage tank and the feeding port are respectively arranged at both ends of the conveyor belt.

[0028] Specifically, the steam explosion device includes an explosion chamber, a steam generator, and a control valve connected to the explosion chamber. The explosion chamber is connected to the feeding port.

[0029] Specifically, the solid-liquid separation device includes a separation chamber, a spiral shaft, and a motor. An upper part of the separation chamber is provided with a feeding port, and a lower part is provided with a drainage port. The feeding port is communicated with the explosion chamber. A screen is arranged on the drainage port. The spiral shaft is arranged in the separation chamber. One end of the spiral shaft is connected to the motor. A solid filter hole is formed on the chamber wall of the separation chamber opposite to the motor. A humidity sensor is arranged in the separation chamber. A material sensor is arranged on the feeding port of the separation chamber. The drainage port is communicated with the tail vegetable fermentation device.

[0030] Specifically, the drying device includes a drum, a blower, heating pipes, and a motor. The drum is communicated with the separation chamber. The blower is communicated with the drum. The heating pipes are arranged on the outer surface of the drum. One end of the drum is provided with a transmission shaft. The drum is connected to the motor through the transmission shaft. A humidity sensor is arranged in the drum.

[0031] Specifically, the grinding device includes a grinding chamber, a grinding disc, and a motor. The grinding chamber is communicated with the drum. The grinding disc is arranged in the grinding chamber. The motor is coaxially connected to the grinding disc.

[0032] Specifically, the tail vegetable crushing device includes a crushing chamber, spiral blades, and a motor. The crushing chamber is communicated with the tail vegetable feeding assembly. The spiral blades are arranged in the crushing chamber. A connecting shaft is arranged on one side of the spiral blades. The motor is connected to the spiral blades through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is arranged on the feeding port of the crushing chamber.

[0033] Specifically, the tail vegetable fermentation device includes a fermentation tank, a stirring shaft, heating pipes, and a motor. The fermentation tank is communicated with the crushing chamber. The stirring shaft is arranged in the fermentation tank. The heating pipes are arranged on the outer surface of the fermentation tank. One end of the fermentation tank is provided with a connecting shaft. The motor is connected to the fermentation tank through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is arranged on the feeding port of the fermentation tank.

[0034] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the remarkable effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention creatively classifies tail vegetables into high-value tail vegetables and low-value tail vegetables in the same device, and respectively processes them using two different sets of components and processes. The tail vegetables are processed into organic feed or organic fertilizer according to actual needs. The states of the tail vegetables in different devices are monitored through a control system and sensors. Only by setting parameters in the control system can the entire processing process be automated. The present invention introduces the liquid discharged during the processing of high-value tail vegetables into the low-value tail vegetable processing system, realizing the complete utilization of tail vegetable resources. The present invention has a resource utilization rate much higher than the conventional method, avoiding resource waste and reducing the pollution of agricultural waste. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic overall structure diagram of the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the solid-liquid separation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the drying device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the powder grinding device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the tail vegetable crushing device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the tail vegetable fermentation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0042] The following further illustrates a preferred solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a control method for a facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system. First, a brief description of the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system is given:

[0045] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, a facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system mentioned in this embodiment includes: a tail vegetable feeding assembly, a control system, a first tail vegetable treatment assembly, and a second tail vegetable treatment assembly. The control system is electrically connected to the tail vegetable feeding assembly, the first tail vegetable treatment assembly, and the second tail vegetable treatment assembly; through the setting of the control system, the tail vegetable feeding assembly can be optionally connected to the first tail vegetable treatment assembly or the second tail vegetable treatment assembly.

[0046] The first tail vegetable treatment assembly includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a powder grinding device connected in sequence. The second tail vegetable treatment assembly includes a tail vegetable crushing device and a tail vegetable fermentation device connected in sequence; material sensors are provided on the steam explosion device, the tail vegetable crushing device, and the tail vegetable fermentation device, and humidity sensors are provided inside the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device.

[0047] The control method includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) When the vegetable waste processing system is powered on, the control system first detects the status of the emergency stop switch. If the emergency stop switch is pressed, the control system will stop running immediately and trigger the alarm indicator to flash continuously to alert the operator; if the emergency stop switch is not triggered, the system will automatically initialize. During the initialization stage, the computing module communicates with each sensor and the touch screen to ensure that the communication of the entire control system is correct.

[0049] (2) If the communication between any device and the computing module fails, the system initialization will not be able to proceed. At this time, the control system will trigger the fault alarm mechanism, the alarm light will flash at a frequency of 2 Hz, and all equipment in the vegetable waste processing system will remain in a stopped state, waiting for the fault to be eliminated.

[0050] (3) After initialization, the control system will automatically perform parameter detection. If the parameters have not been configured, the touch screen will prompt the operator to configure accordingly, including the configuration of key parameters such as steam explosion pressure and steam explosion time. After the configuration is completed, the system will select the first or second waste processing mode according to the type of waste.

[0051] (4) If the first waste vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the waste vegetable feeding component to transport the waste vegetables to the first waste vegetable processing component, and the control system receives the material sensor signal on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the waste vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device to steam-explode the waste vegetables, and transports the waste vegetables after the steam explosion to the solid-liquid separation device.

[0052] (5) The solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation on the waste vegetables, and the control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the waste vegetables is lower than 35%, the control system starts the drying device and transports the waste vegetables to the drying device.

[0053] (6) The drying device heats and dries the tail vegetables, and the control system receives a humidity sensor signal in the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the tail vegetables is less than 10%, the control system starts the grinding device and transports the tail vegetables to the grinding device. After the tail vegetables are ground, they are output as organic feed;

[0054] (7) If the second tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to convey the tail vegetables to the second tail vegetable processing component, and the control system receives a material sensor signal on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to crush the tail vegetables, and conveys the crushed tail vegetables to the tail vegetable fermentation device;

[0055] (8) The tail vegetable fermentation device ferments the tail vegetables according to preset parameters. The control system receives the signals from the material sensors on the tail vegetable fermentation device. When the amount of tail vegetables reaches the set threshold, it controls the tail vegetable fermentation device to add fermentation microorganisms to the tail vegetables. After fermentation treatment, the tail vegetables are output as organic fertilizers.

[0056] (9) The control system receives the signals from the material sensors in the tail vegetable fermentation device according to the set cycle, and calculates the dosage of the fermentation microorganism agent for the next cycle through the PID control algorithm.

[0057] The control of tail vegetable fermentation includes the following steps:

[0058] Set the time length of a processing cycle, D, in the control system n Let P be the data set of the tail vegetable components obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing cycle n Let M be the processing result of the above data set by the calculation module of the control system after the end of the nth processing cycle n+1 Let Q be the type of microorganism agent required for the (n + 1)th processing cycle obtained by calculating P according to a preset function n n+1 Let R be the actual dosage of the microorganism agent in the (n + 1)th processing cycle

[0059] D n = {d 1 , d 2 , …, d k}

[0060] P n = f(D n )

[0061] (M n+1 , Q n+1 ) = g(P n )

[0062] In the formula: k is the number of sensors, f is the preset processing function of the control system calculation module, and g is the preset calculation function of the control system calculation module;

[0063] The main controller, based on the calculated M n+1 and Q n+1 , releases the corresponding types and quantities of microorganism agents at the beginning of the (n + 1)th processing cycle through the control system;

[0064] Let R n+1 be the actual dosage of the microorganism agent in the (n + 1)th processing cycle, E n+1 be the dosage error, u n+1 be the output of the PID control algorithm, and K p be the proportionality coefficient, Ki is the integral coefficient, K d is the differential coefficient;

[0065] The calculation method of the dosing error is as follows:

[0066] E n+1 = Q n+1 - R n+1

[0067] The PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] The main controller adjusts the output of the control system according to u n+1 so that the actual dosing amount R of the microbial inoculant in the (n + 2)-th processing cycle n+2 is closer to the target dosing amount Q n+2 .

[0070] Through the above control method, automatic control of the fermentation process can be achieved. In addition, the specific forms of the processing function f, the calculation function g, and the PID control algorithm in the above formula are all determined according to the actual application scenario, and need to be designed and adjusted according to the specific tail vegetable treatment system and the dosing requirements of the microbial inoculant.

[0071] The following specifically describes the structural components of each specific device in this embodiment:

[0072] In this embodiment, the tail vegetable feeding component includes a storage tank, a conveyor belt, and a feeding port. After the tail vegetables to be processed are placed in the storage tank, they are conveyed to the feeding port through the conveyor belt and fall into the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system by their own gravity. In this embodiment, the conveyor belt is an electric conveyor belt driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor. The three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the reducer through a gear. The reduction ratio of the reducer is 2:1. The reducer can effectively amplify the torque of the three-phase asynchronous motor. The reducer is connected to the conveyor belt driving wheel through a gear, where the gear ratio is 1:1. The reducer acts on the driving wheel with the amplified torque, causing the driving wheel to rotate. The driving wheel drives the conveyor belt to move the storage tank filled with tail vegetables. Finally, the tail vegetables are conveyed to the feeding port of the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system, and the tail vegetables fall layer by layer into the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system under their own gravity. The tail vegetable feeding component adopts a separable design. During actual use, the position of the conveyor belt can be adjusted according to different types of tail vegetables to be connected to the first tail vegetable treatment component or the second tail vegetable treatment component, or two sets of tail vegetable feeding components can be set up and connected to the first tail vegetable treatment component and the second tail vegetable treatment component respectively.

[0073] The first tail vegetable processing component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence. Its core function is to efficiently convert the tail vegetables transported by the feeding device into nutrient-rich organic feed through the active ingredient cell wall breaking extraction technology. The following is a specific description.

[0074] In this embodiment, a steam explosion device produced by Qingzheng Ecological Technology Company is adopted. The main model of this device is QBS-80. The steam explosion device of this model mainly consists of an explosion chamber, a steam generator connected to the explosion chamber, and a control valve. The explosion chamber is connected to the feed inlet, and a material sensor is provided at the connection between the explosion chamber and the feed inlet. This material sensor is used to detect the presence or absence of tail vegetables. The tail vegetables are fed into the explosion chamber of the steam explosion device through the feed inlet, and the steam generator generates steam to increase the pressure in the explosion chamber. After reaching the set pressure-holding time, the control valve is controlled to open through the control system, so that the explosion chamber rapidly decompresses. As the pressure drops suddenly and the moisture vaporizes, the tail vegetables produce an explosion effect, decomposing the lignocellulose of the tail vegetables while retaining most of the nutrients, and the tail vegetables also break after steam explosion. By adjusting the steam explosion time and pressure parameters, the steam explosion device can be applied to the treatment of most greenhouse vegetable tail vegetables.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the solid-liquid separation device 1 includes a separation chamber 11, a spiral shaft 12, and a motor 13. A first feed inlet 111 is opened at the upper part of the separation chamber 11, and a drain outlet 112 is opened at the lower part. The first feed inlet 111 is connected to the explosion chamber. The inner wall of the separation chamber 11 at the position of the drain outlet 112 is covered with a sieve mesh 113. The spiral shaft 12 is arranged in the separation chamber 11. One end of the spiral shaft 12 is connected to the motor 13. A number of solid filter holes 114 are opened on the chamber wall of the separation chamber 11 opposite to the motor 13. A humidity sensor is arranged in the separation chamber 11, and a material sensor is arranged on the first feed inlet 111. This material sensor is used to detect the presence or absence of tail vegetables.

[0076] After the tail vegetables are processed by the steam explosion device, the lignocellulose is rapidly degraded, and the tail vegetables are transformed into a solid-liquid mixed tail vegetable residue. The water content of the tail vegetable residue is as high as over 95%. Under the pushing of the blades of the screw shaft 12, it is extruded from the first feed port 111 towards the other end of the separation chamber 11. The solid particles in the mixture are compressed between the blades and the chamber wall of the separation chamber 11 to form a solid layer, while the liquid flows out through the screen 113. Under the continuous extrusion of the screw shaft 12, the solid particles form lumps and are discharged through the solid filter holes 114. In this embodiment, a top cover 15 connected to a spring 14 is further provided outside the solid filter holes 114 to keep the separation chamber 11 in a closed state when the solid is not piled up. After solid-liquid separation, the tail vegetable mixture is effectively dehydrated, and the water content of the tail vegetable residue is reduced to below 35%, providing a raw material basis for the subsequent production of organic feed. The waste liquid generated during the solid-liquid separation process is directly recovered to the tail vegetable fermentation device through the drain port 112 and is transformed into organic fertilizer through fermentation, realizing the efficient resource utilization of tail vegetables.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the drying device 2 includes a drum 21, a blower 22, a heating pipe 23 and a motor 24. The drum 21 is communicated with the separation chamber 11, the blower 22 is communicated with the drum 21, the heating pipe 23 is arranged on the outer surface of the drum 21, a transmission shaft is provided at one end of the drum 21, the drum 21 is connected to the motor 24 through the transmission shaft, and a humidity sensor is arranged inside the drum 21. After solid-liquid separation, the water content of the tail vegetables drops to the range of 30%-35%, but it has not yet reached the standard required for organic feed. In this embodiment, the motor 24 drives the drum 21 to rotate through a pulley, driving the tail vegetables in the drum 21 to tumble. Under the cooperation of the heating pipe 23 and the blower 22, a circulating hot air state is always maintained in the drum 21, so that the water in the tail vegetables continuously evaporates.

[0078] After being processed by the drying device 2, the water content of the tail vegetable residue has dropped to the range of 5% to 10%, meeting the basic standard of organic feed. However, at this time, there are still many hard particles in the tail vegetable residue that have not been fully broken, and its fineness remains at the level of rough feed. These hard particles will directly affect the taste of the feed, resulting in a decrease in animal appetite and food intake, thus affecting the feed conversion efficiency and the growth and development speed of animals, and even potentially threatening the health of animals. Therefore, a grinding device needs to be added to refine the organic feed.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 5As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the flour milling device 3 includes a grinding chamber 31, a grinding disc and a motor 32. The grinding chamber 31 is communicated with the drum 31. The grinding disc is arranged in the grinding chamber 31. The grinding disc includes two parts, a first grinding disc 33 and a second grinding disc 34. The motor 32 is coaxially connected to the first grinding disc 33, and the second grinding disc 34 is fixed at the bottom of the grinding chamber 31. In this embodiment, a structure similar to that of the solid-liquid separation device 1 is adopted to convey the tail vegetables. The tail vegetables are continuously conveyed into the flour milling device 3 by the spiral shaft 36 driven by the motor 35. The motor 33 drives the first grinding disc 33 to rotate, and cooperates with the second grinding disc 34 to crush and finely grind the tail vegetables. At the same time, the rotation of the first grinding disc 33 also drives a large amount of air into the grinding chamber 31, so that the crushed particles can be discharged through the screen 36. By selecting the mesh size of the screen 36, organic feeds with different fineness can be obtained according to actual requirements.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the second tail vegetable treatment component includes a tail vegetable crushing device 4 and a tail vegetable fermentation device 5. Its core function is to convert the tail vegetables into organic fertilizers through the wet hydrolysis and composting technology. The following is a specific description.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the tail vegetable crushing device 4 includes a crushing chamber 41, spiral blades 42 and a motor 43. The second feed inlet 411 of the crushing chamber 41 is communicated with the feed inlet of the tail vegetable feeding component. The spiral blades 42 are arranged in the crushing chamber 41. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the spiral blades 42. The motor 43 is connected to the spiral blades 42 through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is arranged on the fourth feed inlet 411, and this material sensor is used to detect the presence or absence of materials.

[0082] In this embodiment, the motor 43 drives the connecting shaft through a pulley, and then drives the spiral blades 42 to rotate. After the tail vegetables enter the crushing chamber 41, the spiral blades 42 rotate to crush the tail vegetables, and discharge them through the discharge port 412. After the tail vegetables are processed, the tail vegetable fragments can fully contact the strains, and the change in their physical state will promote the decomposition and fermentation processes of microorganisms, thereby accelerating the conversion of tail vegetables into organic fertilizers.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 7As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the tail vegetable fermentation device 5 includes a fermentation tank 51, a stirring shaft 52, a heating pipe 53 and a motor 54. The third feed inlet 511 of the fermentation tank 51 is communicated with the drain outlet 112 and the discharge outlet 412. The stirring shaft 52 is arranged in the fermentation tank 51, and the heating pipe 53 is arranged on the outer surface of the fermentation tank 51. One end of the fermentation tank 51 is provided with a connecting shaft, and the motor 54 is connected to the fermentation tank 51 through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is arranged on the third feed inlet 511. In this embodiment, a blower 55 for air circulation is further connected to one end of the fermentation tank 51, and an air filter element 56 is arranged at the top of the fermentation tank 51. Through the blower 55 and the air filter element 56, the air circulation in the fermentation tank 51 is realized. The tail vegetables after being crushed are fed into the fermentation tank 51, and fermentation strains are put into the fermentation tank 51 in proportion. The control system controls the heating pipe 53 to heat the tank body to the optimal temperature for the growth of the strains and keep a constant temperature during the fermentation process. During the fermentation process, the motor 54 operates continuously to make the tail vegetables fully contact and mix with the microorganisms. Under the metabolic action of the microorganisms, the tail vegetables are wet decomposed in the fermentation tank. The blower 55 works continuously to keep the air in the tank circulating. After the tail vegetables are decomposed and matured in the tank body, they become high-quality organic fertilizers, thus realizing the recycling of tail vegetable resources. A material sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the fermentation tank 51, and the material sensor is used to continuously monitor the accumulation amount of the tail vegetables in the tank.

[0084] The above is the description of each specific device. The control system is electrically connected to the above devices to control the start and stop of each device, and at the same time receive the data signals sent by the sensors. In this embodiment, the control system is integrated with a communication module, a calculation module and a control module. The communication module is used to realize data transmission and status monitoring and is connected to each sensor through a serial port. The calculation module is used to receive and process the information received by the communication module. The control module provides an operation interface for the operator to set and adjust parameters. In this embodiment, the control module is a touch screen, which is convenient for the operator to set parameters. The control module also includes an emergency stop switch and an alarm module. The emergency stop switch is used to directly cut off the system power supply in case of a fault. The alarm module gives an audible and visual alarm through an alarm indicator or a buzzer to prompt an abnormal state.

[0085] To further illustrate the improvement effect of the present invention, the control method for the treatment of tail vegetables of protected vegetables is applied in an actual scenario, and a control experiment is carried out with a conventional method.

[0086] The test raw materials were the same batch of broccoli tail vegetables with similar states purchased on the same day. A total of 100 kg of broccoli tail vegetables were used for the test. The 100 kg of tail vegetables were evenly divided into four groups, with 25 kg of broccoli tail vegetables in each group. The control method was adopted in the test. Group 1 and Group 2 were set as the control groups of the test, and Group 3 and Group 4 were the test groups using the prototype of the facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system provided in Example 1. The treatment methods of each group are shown in Table 1. Among them, the strain for making organic fertilizer is a commercially available organic material decomposing agent that complies with NY609, that is, a biological preparation product composed of various microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that can decompose various organic materials.

[0087] Table 1 Treatment methods of each test group

[0088]

[0089] After 7 days of continuous control tests, the test results are shown in Tables 2 to 4. The main working performance evaluation indicators and product quality indicators include: dry matter content, crude protein content, lignin content, pH value, organic matter content, nitrogen content.

[0090] Table 2 Nutritional component content of broccoli tail vegetable organic feed

[0091]

[0092] Table 3 Change of pH value during the fermentation of broccoli tail vegetable organic fertilizer

[0093]

[0094] Table 4 Organic matter and nitrogen content in broccoli tail vegetable organic fertilizer

[0095]

[0096] It can be seen from the comparison of the test results that when using the prototype to treat broccoli tail vegetables for feed processing compared with the silage treatment method, the crude protein content in the obtained organic feed increased by 5.1%, the lignin content increased by 18.5%, and the dry matter content increased by 33.6%. This shows that the steam explosion technology can effectively modify the tail vegetables, improve the soluble fiber content and the quality of physical and chemical properties; when using the prototype to treat broccoli tail vegetables for fertilizer processing compared with the traditional composting fermentation method, the pH values of the obtained organic fertilizers are similar, but the key index of fertilizer nutrients, the organic matter content, increased by 18.2% and the nitrogen content increased by 30.6%. It can be seen from the comparison of the test data that the performance of the organic feed and fertilizer after using the prototype to treat facility vegetable tail vegetables is better than the traditional treatment method, and the comprehensive utilization rate of tail vegetables reaches more than 96%. Moreover, this prototype is convenient to process, can be fully automated, and has high working efficiency. Generally speaking, the performance indicators of the designed facility vegetable tail vegetable treatment system meet the design requirements and can meet the requirements for treating different types of facility vegetable tail vegetables.

Claims

1. A control method for a waste vegetable processing system of a facility, characterized in that: The waste vegetable processing system of the facility includes: a waste vegetable feeding component, a control system, a first waste vegetable processing component, and a second waste vegetable processing component, wherein the control system is electrically connected to the waste vegetable feeding component, the first waste vegetable processing component, and the second waste vegetable processing component; through the setting of the control system, the waste vegetable feeding component is optionally connected to the first waste vegetable processing component or the second waste vegetable processing component, the first waste vegetable processing component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence, and the second waste vegetable processing component includes a waste vegetable crushing device and a waste vegetable fermentation device connected in sequence; the steam explosion device, the waste vegetable crushing device, and the waste vegetable fermentation device are all provided with material sensors, and the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device are provided with humidity sensors; The control method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting the first tail dish processing mode or the second tail dish processing mode in the control system according to the tail dish type; S2, if the first waste vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the waste vegetable feeding component, and transports the waste vegetables to the first waste vegetable processing component, and the control system receives the material sensor signal on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the waste vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device, performs steam explosion treatment on the waste vegetables, and transports the waste vegetables after the steam explosion treatment to the solid-liquid separation device; S3, the solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation on the tail vegetables, and the control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the tail vegetables is lower than the set first humidity threshold, the control system starts the drying device and transports the tail vegetables to the drying device; S4, the drying device heats and dries the tail vegetables, and the control system receives a humidity sensor signal in the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the tail vegetables is lower than a set second humidity threshold, the control system starts the grinding device and transports the tail vegetables to the grinding device. After the tail vegetables are ground, they are output as organic feed; S5. If the second tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to convey the tail vegetables to the second tail vegetable processing component, and the control system receives a material sensor signal on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to crush the tail vegetables, and conveys the crushed tail vegetables to the tail vegetable fermentation device; S6. The waste vegetable fermentation device ferments the waste vegetables according to preset parameters. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the waste vegetable fermentation device. When the waste vegetable amount reaches the set threshold, the waste vegetable fermentation device is controlled to add fermentation microorganisms to the waste vegetables. After the waste vegetables are fermented, they are output as organic fertilizer.

2. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S6 also includes: the control system receives the material sensor signal on the tail vegetable fermentation device according to the set cycle, and calculates the dosage of the microbial agent for fermentation in the next cycle through the PID control algorithm.

3. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S6, the amount of microbial agent to be added for the next fermentation cycle is calculated by the PID control algorithm, including: The length of a processing cycle is set in the control system, D n is the data set of the tail vegetable composition obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing cycle, P n is the processing result of the control system calculation module on the above data set after the nth processing cycle ends, M n+1 To calculate P according to the preset function n The type of microbial agent required for the n+1th treatment cycle is calculated, Q n+1 The amount of microbial agent required for the n+1th treatment cycle: D n ={d1,d2,…,d k } P n =f(D n ) (M n+1 ,Q n+1 )=g(P n ) Where: k is the number of sensors, f is the processing function preset by the control system calculation module, and g is the calculation function preset by the control system calculation module; The main controller calculates the M n+1 and Q n+1 , through the control system, the corresponding type and amount of microbial agents are added at the beginning of the n+1th treatment cycle; Assume R n+1 is the actual amount of microbial agents added in the n+1th treatment cycle, E n+1 is the delivery error, u n+1 is the output of the PID control algorithm, K p is the proportionality coefficient, K i is the integration coefficient, K d is the differential coefficient; The calculation method of delivery error is: E n+1 =Q n+1 -R n+1 The PID control algorithm is: The main controller is based on u n+1 Adjust the output of the control system so that the actual amount of microbial agent added in the n+2th treatment cycle is R n+2 Closer to target delivery volume Q n+2 .

4. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tail vegetable feeding assembly comprises a storage trough, a conveyor belt and a feeding port, and the storage trough and the feeding port are respectively arranged at two ends of the conveyor belt.

5. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steam explosion device comprises an explosion chamber, a steam generator and a control valve which are connected to the explosion chamber, and the explosion chamber is connected to the feed port.

6. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The solid-liquid separation device includes a separation chamber, a spiral shaft and a motor. A feed port is provided at the upper part of the separation chamber, and a drain port is provided at the lower part. The feed port is communicated with the blasting bin, and a screen is provided on the drain port. The spiral shaft is arranged in the separation chamber, and one end of the spiral shaft is connected to the motor. A solid filtering hole is provided on the cavity wall of the separation chamber opposite to the motor. The humidity sensor is arranged in the separation chamber, and the material sensor is arranged on the feed port of the separation chamber. The drain port is communicated with the tail vegetable fermentation device.

7. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of the facility according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The drying device includes a drum, a blower, a heating tube and a motor. The drum is connected to the separation chamber, the blower is connected to the drum, the heating tube is arranged on the outer surface of the drum, a transmission shaft is arranged at one end of the drum, the drum is connected to the motor through the transmission shaft, and the humidity sensor is arranged in the drum.

8. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of claim 7 is characterized by: The grinding device comprises a grinding chamber, a grinding disc and a motor. The grinding chamber is communicated with the drum. The grinding disc is arranged in the grinding chamber. The motor is coaxially connected with the grinding disc.

9. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail vegetable crushing device includes a crushing chamber, a spiral blade and a motor. The crushing chamber is connected to the tail vegetable feeding assembly. The spiral blade is arranged in the crushing chamber. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the spiral blade. The motor is connected to the spiral blade through the connecting shaft. The material sensor is arranged on the feed port of the crushing chamber.

10. The control method of the waste vegetable processing system of facility according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tail vegetable fermentation device includes a fermentation tank, a stirring shaft, a heating tube and a motor. The fermentation tank is connected to the crushing chamber, the stirring shaft is arranged in the fermentation tank, the heating tube is arranged on the outer surface of the fermentation tank, a connecting shaft is arranged at one end of the fermentation tank, the motor is connected to the fermentation tank through the connecting shaft, and the material sensor is arranged on the feed port of the fermentation tank.

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