A bolt drill for coal mines with a protective positioning structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure, which relates to the technical field of drills and includes a mobile chassis, a robotic arm, a feeding device, and a drilling device. It is characterized in that the drilling device includes: a gearbox fixedly connected to the movable part of the feeding device. A drilling motor is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the gearbox. The output end of the drilling motor extends into the interior of the gearbox, and a third gear and a first gear are sequentially and fixedly connected to the outer wall along the axial direction. By setting a drill retraction component in the present invention, the main shaft can move axially. When the drill pipe encounters hard rock, due to the reaction force, the drill pipe retracts, avoiding excessive instantaneous change in the torque at the end of the drill pipe caused by suddenly encountering hard rock in soft soil during the drilling process, thereby preventing the drill pipe from breaking. And feedback is carried out according to the action state of the drill retraction component, so that the drill pipe can make adaptive adjustments according to rock formations of different hardnesses, reducing the risk of drill pipe breakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling rigs, and in particular to a coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure. Background Art

[0002] A bolt drill is a special drilling tool for drilling bolt holes, which plays an important role in the construction of bolt support in coal mine roadways. Specifically, it is used to drill bolt holes during the roadway excavation process in coal mines, so as to install support materials such as bolts and anchor cables, thereby enhancing the supporting force of roadways and chambers and ensuring the safety of underground operations.

[0003] The widely used existing technology is a single pneumatic rotary bolt drill, whose power mechanism is designed as a high-speed rotating head. The output shaft is driven by a motor and a reduction device, and then drives the drill bit to drill rock holes in a rotary cutting manner. This kind of drill has the advantages of fast drilling speed, low energy consumption, simple mechanical structure and low working noise. The drill bit of the existing bolt drill is usually fixed on the drill by a positioning device, which cannot move axially and cannot achieve speed change. For rocks with relatively high compressive strength, this kind of pneumatic bolt drill that purely relies on rotary cutting power for rock breaking is unable to cope, and on such hard rocks, the rotary cutting efficiency of the drill will drop significantly, and it has no protective effect on the drill pipe, and the wear of the drill bit will increase sharply. Especially for the vehicle-mounted bolt drill with a longer advancing beam stroke, its drilling method is relatively single, mainly limited to cutting drilling, and it is difficult to meet the needs of drilling bolt holes in rocks with high compressive strength.

[0004] A Chinese patent for a bolt drill based on an excavator platform (publication number: CN109404023B) has been proposed in the existing technology to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. The technical solution disclosed in this patent document is as follows: "It includes a traveling mechanism, an advancing beam, a power head, a power mechanism and a lifting mechanism. The power mechanism is arranged on the traveling mechanism, the power head is connected to the power mechanism, the power mechanism includes an internal air compressor and an external air compressor, and the power head is a cutting and impact rotary power head. By using the commonly used cutting and impact rotary power head in the market, two different drilling methods of impact and cutting can be realized, which can be selected separately or used simultaneously, and are applicable to different rock formations, achieving full coverage of soft rock and hard rock drilling operations. The internal air compressor is a small-capacity air compressor, and the external air compressor is a large-capacity air compressor, and the air source can be selected according to the needs of the drilling method." However, since the rock formation distribution under the ground surface cannot be directly observed by the naked eye, even though there are drilling methods for dealing with different rock formation types, it is still difficult to make a choice according to actual needs. Especially in the complex environment below the ground surface, hard rocks often exist between soft soils, making it difficult to switch the drilling method, which affects the service life of the drill. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure, and the structure for positioning the main shaft is set to enable the main shaft to move axially, so as to avoid the sudden resistance between the drill pipe and the hard rock, thereby achieving the protective effect of the drill pipe. At the same time, during the drilling process, the torque can be automatically changed according to the geological hardness to address the problem that the drilling mode cannot be switched according to actual needs in complex rock formations.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure includes a mobile chassis, a robotic arm, a feeding device, and a drilling device; the drilling device includes: a gearbox fixedly connected to the movable part of the feeding device, with a drilling motor fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the gearbox. The output end of the drilling motor extends into the interior of the gearbox, and a third gear and a first gear are successively fixedly connected to the outer wall along the axial direction; a drill pipe; a drill pipe retraction component for moving the drill pipe in the direction opposite to the feeding direction when the drill pipe drills into hard rock; a speed change component arranged inside the gearbox for adjusting the output speed and torque of the drill pipe according to the action state of the drill pipe retraction component; the drill pipe retraction component includes a first slide bar fixedly connected between the inner walls of the gearbox. A slide plate is slidably connected to the outer side of the first slide bar, and a main shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slide plate. The top end of the main shaft extends above the slide plate. A magnet is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate, and an iron block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox. The iron block and the magnet are used in cooperation. A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first slide bar; a second gear is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox. The second gear is meshed with the first gear. The central axis of the second gear is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center. A first flat key is fixedly connected to the side wall of the main shaft. The first flat key is used in cooperation with the keyway on the second gear. The diameter of the second gear is smaller than that of the first gear. The bottom end of the main shaft passes through to the outside of the gearbox through the hollow shaft, and the main shaft is slidably connected to the gearbox. The drill pipe is detachably connected to the bottom end of the main shaft.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, through the setting of the drill pipe retraction component, the main shaft can move axially. Therefore, when the drill pipe encounters hard rock, due to the reaction force, the drill pipe retracts, thereby reducing the sudden resistance received at the end of the drill pipe and avoiding the situation where the torque at the end of the drill pipe changes instantaneously and the drill pipe breaks when suddenly encountering hard rock in soft soil during the drilling process, improving the service life of the drill pipe; and by setting the speed change component, it can feedback according to the action state of the drill pipe retraction component, thereby automatically adjusting the speed and torque of the drill pipe, enabling the drill pipe to make adaptive adjustments according to rock formations of different hardnesses, improving the drilling effect, and at the same time reducing the risk of drill pipe breakage.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: the speed-changing component includes a fourth gear rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the gearbox. The fourth gear is meshed with the third gear. The central axis of the fourth gear is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center. The diameter of the fourth gear is larger than that of the third gear. Above the first flat key on the outer side wall of the main shaft, a second flat key is fixedly connected. The second flat key is used in cooperation with the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear. A through hole communicating with the inside of the central axis of the fourth gear is provided at the top of the gearbox.

[0010] With the above technical solution, when the main shaft moves under the action of hard rock, it drives the first flat key to leave the keyway on the central axis of the second gear (at this time, the main shaft is in a short-term no-load state and the speed decreases) until the second flat key on the main shaft contacts the fourth gear and inserts when the second flat key is directly opposite the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear, so that the power source of the main shaft is switched from the second gear to the fourth gear. And because the diameter of the fourth gear is larger than that of the third gear, the rotation speed of the main shaft decreases after transmission, reducing the risk of drill pipe breakage. At the same time, a larger torque can be obtained, which helps to resist the resistance of hard rock and improves the effect of drilling hard rock.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: a mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the gearbox. A swing rod is rotatably connected to one side of the mounting plate. A hanging buckle is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate. A hanging buckle is also fixedly connected to the end of the swing rod away from the mounting plate. A tension spring is suspended between the two hanging buckles. A slide rail is fixedly connected to one side of the slide plate. A sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the outside of the slide rail. The sliding sleeve is rotatably connected to the swing rod. Two limit pins are fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate.

[0012] With the above technical solution, by setting the swing rod and suspending the end of the swing rod on the mounting plate with a tension spring, the swing rod contacts one of the limit pins under normal conditions and the tension spring is in a stretched state. Specifically, when the main shaft is affected by hard rock, the slide plate drives the slide rail to move and drives the sliding sleeve to move. The movement of the sliding sleeve will simultaneously drive the slide plate to move axially along the main shaft and the sliding sleeve to slide outside the slide rail, so that the swing rod will be quickly actuated by the elastic force of the tension spring to contact the limit pin during the swinging process and will not stay in the middle position, avoiding the occurrence of a neutral gear situation.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: a transmission box is fixedly connected to the top of the gearbox. An eccentric wheel is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the transmission box. Guide rods are slidably connected to both the top and the bottom of the transmission box. A transmission frame is fixedly connected between the closer sides of the two guide rods. A transmission buckle is fixedly connected to one side of the eccentric wheel. The transmission buckle is slidably connected to the inside of the transmission frame. The bottom end of the lower guide rod extends into the through hole and is fixedly connected with a percussion hammer for percussing the top end of the main shaft. A protective cover is fixedly connected to the top of the gearbox. A transmission shaft is rotatably connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the protective cover. One end of the transmission shaft extends into the transmission box and is fixedly connected with the central shaft of the eccentric wheel. A driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission shaft. A driving bevel gear is rotatably connected to the top of the gearbox. The driving bevel gear is meshed with the driven bevel gear. A fixed plate is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the gearbox. A hollow column is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed plate. A fifth gear is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hollow column. The fifth gear is meshed with the fourth gear. A keyway is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the hollow column. A spline shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the sliding plate. The top end of the spline shaft extends into the hollow column. The spline shaft is slidably matched with the keyway inside the hollow column. The bottom end of the central shaft of the driving bevel gear extends into the gearbox and is provided with a chute. A hexagonal column is slidably connected between the inner walls of the chute. A spring is fixedly connected between the hexagonal column and the top of the inner wall of the chute. A hexagonal groove for cooperating with the hexagonal column is provided at the top of the spline shaft. The corners at the bottom of the hexagonal column are all provided as rounded corners.

[0014] With the above technical solution, after the main shaft retracts to switch to the high torque gear, axial impact is generated on the main shaft (and the drill pipe) through transmission at the same time for rock drilling. Cracks and breakages are generated on the rock through the high-frequency impact action. The impact of the hammering is transmitted to the hard rock through the main shaft and the drill pipe, making the drill pipe present a drilling action, thus facilitating the penetration of the hard rock.

[0015] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: an air inflation cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the gearbox. A first piston plate is slidably connected between the inner walls of the air inflation cylinder. A pressure rod is slidably connected to the top of the gearbox. A backing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure rod. The bottom of the pressure rod extends into the air inflation cylinder and is fixedly connected with the first piston plate. A spring is sleeved outside the pressure rod and between the backing plate and the gearbox. A cam is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission shaft. The cam is in contact with the top of the backing plate. An air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are provided on the air inflation cylinder. Check valves are provided inside both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe. One end of the air inlet pipe away from the air inflation cylinder extends outside the gearbox and is fixedly connected with a filter nozzle. An exhaust heat pipe communicating with the outside is provided on the gearbox. A check valve is provided inside the exhaust heat pipe.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, an air blowing structure is provided to blow air into the gear box, and a heat exhaust pipe is provided to discharge heat; specifically, the cam is driven to rotate simultaneously with the rotation of the transmission shaft, and the cam reciprocating structure is utilized to enable the pressure rod to drive the first piston plate to perform piston movement. When the first piston plate moves upward (away from the tension spring), negative pressure is generated inside the air cylinder. At this time, the one-way valve inside the air inlet pipe is connected, and the one-way valve inside the air outlet pipe is blocked, so that the air cylinder draws air from the outside; when the first piston plate moves downward, positive pressure is generated inside the air cylinder. At this time, the one-way valve inside the air inlet pipe is blocked, and the one-way valve inside the air outlet pipe is connected, so that air is discharged into the gear box. The gear box is provided with a heat exhaust pipe connected to the outside. The continuous exhaust process into the gear box will discharge the heat carried by the air inside the gear box, thereby achieving a heat exhaust effect.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: an energy storage cylinder is fixedly connected to the inside of the gear box, a second piston plate is slidably connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder, a tension spring is fixedly connected between the second piston plate and the bottom of the inner wall of the energy storage cylinder, a limiting ring is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder, and the end of the air outlet pipe away from the inflation cylinder is connected to the energy storage cylinder; a valve body is fixedly connected to one side of the energy storage cylinder, the valve body and the energy storage cylinder are connected through a pipeline, a release pipe is arranged on the side of the valve body away from the energy storage cylinder, a valve core is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the valve body, a valve hole is opened on the valve core, and a valve hole is formed in the valve core. One end of the spindle extends to the outside of the valve body and is fixedly connected to a transmission gear; one side of the energy storage cylinder is fixedly connected to two fixed blocks, a second slide rod is slidably connected between the two fixed blocks, the second slide rod passes through the two fixed blocks at the same time, the top of the second slide rod is fixedly connected to a lifting buckle, the bottom of the second slide rod is fixedly connected to a linkage block, one side of the linkage block is fixedly connected to a rack, the rack is meshed with the transmission gear, the top of the second piston plate is fixedly connected to a U-shaped rod, the end of the U-shaped rod away from the second piston plate passes through the lifting buckle and is fixedly connected to a support block, and the U-shaped rod is slidably connected to the gear box.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up an energy storage structure, small airflows can be accumulated and released in a concentrated manner, so that a large positive pressure can be generated inside the gearbox during the release, thereby promoting the discharge of heat and dust.

[0019] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a retarder cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate, a third piston plate is slidably connected between the inner walls of the retarder cylinder, a pressure block is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate, the pressure block is arranged as a triangular prism structure, and a corner away from the third piston plate is arranged as a rounded corner, a spring is fixedly connected between the side of the third piston plate away from the pressure block and the inner wall of the retarder cylinder, and a capillary tube is arranged on the retarder cylinder; an L-shaped rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block, and the L-shaped rod and the pressure block are used in cooperation through contact.

[0020] With the above technical solution, by virtue of the characteristic of the above energy storage structure being triggered regularly, the state of the main shaft is monitored regularly, and when the main shaft needs to be reset but fails to be reset, it assists the main shaft to reset; specifically, by setting an L-shaped rod which can move along with the supporting block, when the energy storage structure is released, the L-shaped rod moves accordingly and presses the pressing block. The pressing block is connected to the third piston plate, and the third piston plate is restricted by the internal air pressure of the retardation cylinder and cannot retract quickly. The retraction process is restricted by the exhaust speed of the thin tube, so that the pressing block can be forced downward by the L-shaped rod (the force is applied to the slide plate) during the retraction process. At this time, if the drill pipe is dealing with soft soil, the drill pipe and the main shaft will extend under this force to complete the auxiliary reset. If the main shaft cannot be pushed out during this period, it means that the resistance ahead is large, that is, it is still in the hard rock area.

[0021] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in that: a nozzle is fixedly connected to one end of the exhaust heat pipe away from the gearbox, and the nozzle is facing the main shaft.

[0022] With the above technical solution, by setting a nozzle on the exhaust heat pipe and facing the main shaft, part of the dust on the main shaft can be blown off during the exhaust process, thereby reducing the dust adhering to the main shaft and reducing the dust entering the gap.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical effects achieved by the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0024] 1. By setting a drill pipe retraction component in the present invention, the main shaft can move axially. When the drill pipe encounters hard rock, due to the reaction force, the drill pipe retracts, thereby reducing the sudden resistance received by the end of the drill pipe, avoiding the sudden change of the torque at the end of the drill pipe caused by suddenly encountering hard rock in soft soil during the drilling process, which may lead to breakage, and improving the service life of the drill pipe; and by setting a speed change component, it can feedback according to the action state of the drill pipe retraction component, thereby automatically adjusting the rotation speed and torque of the drill pipe, enabling the drill pipe to make adaptive adjustments according to different hardness rock layers, improving the drilling effect, and at the same time reducing the risk of drill pipe breakage.

[0025] 2. During the process of the main shaft moving driven by the action of hard rock in the present invention, the first flat key is driven to leave the keyway on the central axis of the second gear (at this time, the main shaft is in a short-term no-load state and the speed decreases) until the second flat key on the main shaft contacts the fourth gear and inserts when the second flat key is facing the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear, so that the power source of the main shaft is switched from the second gear to the fourth gear; and since the diameter of the fourth gear is larger than that of the third gear, the rotation speed of the main shaft decreases after transmission, reducing the risk of drill pipe breakage, and at the same time, a larger torque can be obtained, which helps to resist the hard rock resistance and improves the drilling effect of hard rock.

[0026] 3. The present invention sets a rocker arm and suspends the end of the rocker arm on a mounting plate with a tension spring. Normally, the rocker arm contacts one of the limit pins and the tension spring is in a tensioned state. Specifically, when the main shaft is subjected to the action of hard rock, the slide plate drives the slide rail to move and drives the slide sleeve to move. The movement of the slide sleeve will simultaneously drive the slide plate to move axially along the main shaft and the slide sleeve to slide on the outside of the slide rail, so that during the swinging process, the rocker arm will be quickly moved by the elastic force of the tension spring until it contacts the limit pin and will not stay in the middle position, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a neutral position.

[0027] 4. After the main shaft is retracted to the high torque gear, the present invention causes the drill rod to generate axial impact through transmission to drill rocks, and the rock is cracked and broken through the high-frequency impact. Specifically, when encountering hard rock, the slide moves during the retraction of the main shaft, and drives the spline shaft to move until it contacts and squeezes the hexagonal column, so that the hexagonal column is retracted into the slide groove and the spring is compressed. The spline rotates continuously, and when the hexagonal groove is directly opposite to each side of the hexagonal column, the hexagonal column pops out into the hexagonal groove under the action of the spring, so that the power of the fifth gear can be transmitted to the active bevel gear, and the driven bevel gear and the transmission shaft are driven to rotate. Further, the eccentric wheel is driven to rotate, and a transmission buckle is provided on one side of the eccentric wheel. During the rotation, the transmission buckle slides relative to the inner wall of the transmission frame, and at the same time drives the transmission frame to do reciprocating motion. The top of the main shaft is hammered by the guide rod to drive the percussion hammer, and the impact of the hammer is transmitted to the hard rock through the main shaft and the drill rod, so that the drill rod exhibits a drilling action, thereby facilitating the drilling of hard rock.

[0028] 5. The present invention can blow air into the gear box by providing an air blowing structure, and provides a heat exhaust pipe to discharge heat. Specifically, the cam will be driven to rotate at the same time as the transmission shaft rotates, and the cam reciprocating structure is used to enable the pressure rod to drive the first piston plate to perform piston movement. When the first piston plate moves upward (away from the tension spring), negative pressure is generated inside the inflation cylinder. At this time, the one-way valve inside the air inlet pipe is connected, and the one-way valve inside the air outlet pipe is blocked, so that the inflation cylinder draws air from the outside. When the first piston plate moves downward, positive pressure is generated inside the inflation cylinder. At this time, the one-way valve inside the air inlet pipe is blocked, and the one-way valve inside the air outlet pipe is connected, so that air is discharged into the gear box. The gear box is provided with a heat exhaust pipe connected to the outside. The continuous exhaust process into the gear box will discharge the heat carried by the air inside the gear box, thereby achieving a heat exhaust effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3Structural schematic diagram of the feeding device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Split structural schematic diagram of the gearbox of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Internal structural schematic diagram of the gearbox of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 One of the sectional structural schematic diagrams of the gearbox of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 Another sectional structural schematic diagram of the gearbox of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 Installation structural schematic diagram of the slide plate of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 Installation structural schematic diagram of the swing rod of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 External structural schematic diagram of the energy storage cylinder of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 Sectional structural schematic diagram of the energy storage cylinder of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 Sectional structural schematic diagram of the retardation cylinder of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view at location A in;

[0043] Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view at location B in;

[0044] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view at location C in;

[0045] Figure 16 Structural schematic diagram of the fifth gear of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1. Moving chassis; 2. Manipulator; 3. Feeding device; 4. Gearbox; 5. Drilling motor; 6. Drill pipe; 7. Shield; 8. Transmission box; 9. First gear; 10. Third gear; 11. Second gear; 12. Fourth gear; 13. First slide bar; 14. Slide plate; 15. Spindle; 16. First flat key; 17. Second flat key; 18. Through hole; 19. Mounting plate; 20. Swing rod; 21. Hanging buckle; 23. Slide rail; 24. Slide sleeve; 25. Magnet; 26. Iron block; 27. Inflator; 28. First piston plate; 29. Pressing rod; 30. Air outlet pipe; 31. Air inlet pipe; 32. Spline shaft; 33. Hexagonal groove; 34. Fifth gear; 35. Fixed plate; 36. Hollow column; 37. Base plate; 38. Transmission shaft; 39. Cam; 40. Driving bevel gear; 41. Chute; 42. Hexagonal column; 43. Energy storage cylinder; 44. Second piston plate; 46. U-shaped rod; 47. Release pipe; 48. Valve body; 49. Valve core; 50. Transmission gear; 51. Support block; 52. Rack; 53. Lifting buckle; 54. Fixed block; 56. Second slide bar; 57. Linking block; 58. L-shaped rod; 59. Retarding cylinder; 60. Third piston plate; 61. Pressing block; 62. Thin pipe; 63. Eccentric wheel; 64. Transmission frame; 65. Transmission buckle; 66. Guide rod; 67. Hammer; 68. Driven bevel gear. Specific embodiments

[0047] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments:

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure, which includes a mobile chassis 1, a robotic arm 2, a feeding device 3 and a drilling device; the drilling device includes: a gearbox 4 fixedly connected to the movable part of the feeding device 3, the outer side wall of the gearbox 4 is fixedly connected with a drilling motor 5, the output end of the drilling motor 5 extends into the interior of the gearbox 4, and the outer wall is fixedly connected with a third gear 10 and a first gear 9 along the axial direction in sequence; a drill pipe 6; a drill pipe retraction component for moving the drill pipe 6 in the direction opposite to the feeding direction when the drill pipe 6 drills into hard rock; a speed change component arranged inside the gearbox 4 for adjusting the output speed and torque of the drill pipe 6 according to the action state of the drill pipe retraction component; the drill pipe retraction component includes a first slide bar 13 fixedly connected between the inner walls of the gearbox 4, a slide plate 14 is slidably connected to the outside of the first slide bar 13, the bottom of the slide plate 14 is rotatably connected with a main shaft 15, the top end of the main shaft 15 extends above the slide plate 14, a magnet 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate 14, an iron block 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox 4, the iron block 26 is used in cooperation with the magnet 25, and a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first slide bar 13; a second gear 11 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox 4, the second gear 11 is meshed with the first gear 9, the central axis of the second gear 11 is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center, a first flat key 16 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the main shaft 15, the first flat key 16 is used in cooperation with the keyway on the second gear 11, the diameter of the second gear 11 is smaller than that of the first gear 9, the bottom end of the main shaft 15 passes through to the outside of the gearbox 4 through the hollow shaft, the main shaft 15 is slidably connected with the gearbox 4, and the drill pipe 6 is detachably connected to the bottom end of the main shaft 15.

[0050] By setting the drill pipe retraction component, the main shaft 15 can move axially, so that when the drill pipe 6 encounters hard rock, due to the reaction force, the drill pipe 6 retracts, thereby reducing the sudden resistance received by the end of the drill pipe 6, avoiding the sudden change of the torque at the end of the drill pipe 6 caused by suddenly encountering hard rock in soft soil during the drilling process, and improving the service life of the drill pipe 6; and by setting the speed change component, it can give feedback according to the action state of the drill pipe retraction component, so as to automatically adjust the speed and torque of the drill pipe 6 (the main shaft 15 and the drill pipe 6 rotate coaxially, and the detachable connection between the two is convenient for replacement), so that the drill pipe 6 can make adaptive adjustments according to rock formations of different hardnesses, improving the drilling effect and reducing the risk of breakage of the drill pipe 6 at the same time.

[0051] Specifically, by controlling the operation of the drilling motor 5, the first gear 9 and the third gear 10 are driven to rotate. Among them, the first gear 9 drives the second gear 11 to rotate, and the second gear 11 is engaged with the main shaft 15 through the first flat key 16 and the keyway, so that the main shaft 15 rotates and drives the drill pipe 6 to rotate for the outer drilling action. Under normal conditions (when not drilling and when the drill pipe 6 drills into soft soil), the force exerted on the drill pipe 6 in the axial direction is small, and the slide plate 14 is fixed by the magnetic attraction between the magnet 25 and the iron block 26, so that the slide plate 14 cannot be pushed by the drill pipe 6 to move. However, when drilling encounters hard rock, the main shaft 15 pushes the slide plate 14 to move, and this force is sufficient to separate the magnet 25 from the iron block 26. At the same time, due to the axial reaction force received by the drill pipe 6, the drill pipe 6 shrinks a certain distance, so as to avoid excessive extrusion between the drill pipe 6 and the hard rock, resulting in excessive end resistance, alleviating the sudden force when suddenly encountering hard rock, and reducing the risk of the drill pipe 6 breaking.

[0052] Among them, the diameter of the second gear 11 is smaller than that of the first gear 9, so that after the transmission between the first gear 9 and the second gear 11, the rotation speed of the main shaft 15 is greater than the rotation speed of the motor output shaft, facilitating rapid drilling into soft soil.

[0053] Embodiment 2

[0054] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the speed-changing component includes a fourth gear 12 rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the gearbox 4. The fourth gear 12 is meshed with the third gear 10. The central axis of the fourth gear 12 is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center. The diameter of the fourth gear 12 is larger than that of the third gear 10. As Figure 15 shown, a second flat key 17 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the main shaft 15 above the first flat key 16. The second flat key 17 is used in cooperation with the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear 12. A through hole 18 communicating with the inside of the central axis of the fourth gear 12 is provided at the top of the gearbox 4.

[0055] However, when encountering hard rock, the method of only making the drill pipe 6 retract axially not only has a limited buffering distance, but also has a limited protection effect on the drill pipe 6, and loses the protection effect when the drill pipe 6 retracts to the limit distance. Based on this, this embodiment uses the retraction action of the main shaft 15 as the basis for encountering hard soil, thereby triggering the speed-changing component to act for speed change, so as to reduce the rotation speed and increase the torque at the same time.

[0056] Specifically, when the main shaft 15 is affected by hard rock during its movement, it drives the first flat key 16 to leave the keyway on the central axis of the second gear 11 (at this time, the main shaft 15 is in a short-term no-load state and its speed decreases) until the second flat key 17 on the main shaft 15 contacts the fourth gear 12 and inserts into the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear 12 when the second flat key 17 is aligned with it, so that the power source of the main shaft 15 is switched from the second gear 11 to the fourth gear 12. Since the diameter of the fourth gear 12 is larger than that of the third gear 10, the rotational speed of the main shaft 15 decreases after transmission, reducing the risk of breakage of the drill pipe 6 and at the same time enabling a greater torque to be obtained, thus helping to counter the resistance of hard rock and improving the effect of drilling into hard rock.

[0057] As Figure 5 , Figure 9 and Figure 13 shown, preferably, one side of the inner wall of the gearbox 4 is fixedly connected with a mounting plate 19. One side of the mounting plate 19 is rotatably connected with a swing rod 20. One side of the mounting plate 19 is fixedly connected with a hanging hook 21. The end of the swing rod 20 far away from the mounting plate 19 is also fixedly connected with a hanging hook 21. A tension spring is suspended between the two hanging hooks 21. One side of the sliding plate 14 is fixedly connected with a slide rail 23. The outer side of the slide rail 23 is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve 24. The sliding sleeve 24 is rotatably connected with the swing rod 20. Two limit pins are fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate 19.

[0058] When encountering hard rock, it is necessary to rely on the reaction force of the hard rock on the drill pipe 6 to drive the speed-changing component to complete speed change. However, in order to avoid conflicts between the two gears, there must be a neutral gear area during the switching process, that is, neither the first flat key 16 nor the second flat key 17 is in the keyway. In this state, the rotational speed of the drill pipe 6 decreases. And if it is exactly in the soft soil area, the resistance is not enough to make the drill pipe 6 retract, and in this state, affected by the distance between the magnet 25 and the iron block 26, the magnetic force decreases and it may not be able to overcome the soft soil obstruction and pop out. Therefore, the situation of the drill pipe 6 remaining in neutral gear continuously is faced, which affects the drilling efficiency and the drilling effect.

[0059] In this embodiment, by providing the swing rod 20 and suspending the end of the swing rod 20 on the mounting plate 19 with a tension spring, in the normal state, the swing rod 20 contacts one of the limit pins, and the tension spring is in a stretched state (not at the stretching limit and there is still stretching space); specifically, when the main shaft 15 is affected by hard rock, the slide plate 14 drives the slide rail 23 to move, and drives the sliding sleeve 24 to move. The movement path of the sliding sleeve 24 is arc-shaped. Since the slide rail 23 can only move along the axial direction of the main shaft 15 along with the slide plate 14, and the sliding sleeve 24 can only slide axially relative to the slide rail 23, the movement of the sliding sleeve 24 will simultaneously drive the slide plate 14 to move along the axial direction of the main shaft 15 and the sliding sleeve 24 to slide outside the slide rail 23 (resolved into linear movements in two directions), and at the same time drive the swing rod 20 to swing to the central plane position (when the swing rod 20 and the tension spring are in a parallel state, the line parallel to both of them is set as the central plane). At this time, neither the first flat key 16 nor the second flat key 17 is in the key slot; when the swing rod 20 is not parallel to the central plane of the mounting plate 19, the swing rod 20, the tension spring and the mounting plate 19 are not in the same straight line (forming a triangle), so that in this state, the swing rod 20 will be swung by the elastic force of the tension spring, and in this state, even without applying other external forces, the swing rod 20 will continue to swing under the action of the tension spring to complete the gear shift, avoiding the situation of neutral gear.

[0060] Embodiment 3

[0061] As Figure 8 、 Figure 14 and Figure 16As shown, on the basis of Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, a transmission box 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the gearbox 4. An eccentric wheel 63 is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the transmission box 8. Guide rods 66 are slidably connected to both the top and bottom of the transmission box 8. A transmission frame 64 is fixedly connected between the closer sides of the two guide rods 66. A transmission buckle 65 is fixedly connected to one side of the eccentric wheel 63. The transmission buckle 65 is slidably connected to the inside of the transmission frame 64. The bottom end of the lower guide rod 66 extends into the through hole 18 and is fixedly connected to a percussion hammer 67 for striking the top end of the main shaft 15; a protective cover 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the gearbox 4. A transmission shaft 38 is rotatably connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the protective cover 7. One end of the transmission shaft 38 extends into the transmission box 8 and is fixedly connected to the central axis of the eccentric wheel 63. A driven bevel gear 68 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission shaft 38. A driving bevel gear 40 is rotatably connected to the top of the gearbox 4. The driving bevel gear 40 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 68. A fixing plate 35 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the gearbox 4. A hollow column 36 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixing plate 35. A fifth gear 34 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hollow column 36. The fifth gear 34 is meshed with the fourth gear 12. A keyway is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the hollow column 36. A spline shaft 32 is rotatably connected to the top of the sliding plate 14. The top end of the spline shaft 32 extends into the hollow column 36. The spline shaft 32 is slidably engaged with the keyway inside the hollow column 36; the bottom end of the central axis of the driving bevel gear 40 extends into the gearbox 4 and is provided with a chute 41. A hexagonal column 42 is slidably connected between the inner walls of the chute 41. A spring is fixedly connected between the hexagonal column 42 and the top of the inner wall of the chute 41. A hexagonal groove 33 for cooperating with the hexagonal column 42 is provided at the top of the spline shaft 32. Each corner at the bottom of the hexagonal column 42 is rounded.

[0062] During the process of drilling hard rock, there are many challenges faced by only the rotary cutting type anchor drill. Although the torque can be increased to a certain extent by reducing the rotational speed to increase the rock-breaking force of the drill bit, the effect is still limited. Due to the characteristics of hard rock such as high strength, high hardness, and high abrasiveness, the traditional rotary cutting method is difficult to effectively break the rock;

[0063] To solve the above problems, this solution also introduces a chiseling and drilling technique. After the main shaft 15 retracts and switches to the high-torque gear position, axial impact is generated on the main shaft 15 (and the drill pipe 6) through transmission to perform rock drilling. Through high-frequency impact, cracks and fragmentation are caused to the rock. Specifically, when encountering hard rock during the retraction process of the main shaft 15 (until the top rises into the through hole 18), the slide plate 14 moves accordingly and drives the spline shaft 32 to move until it contacts and presses the hexagonal column 42 (the sides of the hexagonal column 42 and the hexagonal groove 33 are not in a directly facing state), causing the hexagonal column 42 to retract into the chute 41 and compress the spring. The spline shaft 32 continues to rotate. When the sides of the hexagonal groove 33 and the hexagonal column 42 are directly facing each other, the hexagonal column 42 pops out into the hexagonal groove 33 under the action of the spring, enabling the power of the fifth gear 34 to be transmitted to the driving bevel gear 40 and driving the driven bevel gear 68 and the transmission shaft 38 to rotate. Further, it drives the eccentric wheel 63 to rotate. One side of the eccentric wheel 63 is provided with a transmission buckle 65. During rotation, the transmission buckle 65 slides relative to the inner wall of the transmission frame 64, and at the same time drives the transmission frame 64 to perform a reciprocating motion (the transmission frame 64 can only perform a reciprocating motion under the action of the upper and lower guide rods 66); and drives the hammer 67 to hammer the top of the main shaft 15 through the guide rod 66. The impact of the hammering is transmitted to the hard rock through the main shaft 15 and the drill pipe 6, causing the drill pipe 6 to perform a chiseling and drilling action, thus facilitating the chiseling of hard rock.

[0064] Among them, the bottom corners of the hexagonal column 42 are all rounded, which can provide smooth relative rotation when the sides of the hexagonal column 42 and the hexagonal groove 33 are not directly facing each other, avoiding a jamming feeling similar to gear clashing.

[0065] Among them, during the chiseling and drilling process, when the part of the drill pipe 6 with the drill bit is facing hard rock (not chiseled through), after chiseling, the drill bit rebounds due to the resistance of the hard rock, causing the drill pipe 6 to perform a reciprocating motion. When one end of the drill pipe 6 with the drill bit is soft soil, it causes the main shaft 15 to quickly extend after being hammered, the slide plate 14 moves accordingly, and the swing rod 20 swings accordingly. Taking the plane formed by the swing rod 20 and the tension spring connecting the hanging buckle 21 when they are parallel as the central plane, on both sides of this central plane, the pulling force directions of the swing rod 20 by the tension spring are opposite (the components in the direction perpendicular to this central plane). When the slide plate 14 crosses this central plane, the force on the swing rod 20 by the tension spring suddenly reverses, and under the action of the tension spring, the main shaft 15 and the drill pipe 6 quickly reset.

[0066] Embodiment 4

[0067] Such as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 14As shown in the figure, on the basis of Embodiment 3, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, an air cylinder 27 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the gearbox 4. A first piston plate 28 is slidably connected between the inner walls of the air cylinder 27. A pressure rod 29 is slidably connected to the top of the gearbox 4. A backing plate 37 is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure rod 29. The bottom of the pressure rod 29 extends into the air cylinder 27 and is fixedly connected to the first piston plate 28. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the pressure rod 29 and between the backing plate 37 and the gearbox 4. A cam 39 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission shaft 38. The cam 39 is in contact with the top of the backing plate 37. An air inlet pipe 31 and an air outlet pipe 30 are provided on the air cylinder 27. Check valves are provided inside both the air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 30. One end of the air inlet pipe 31 away from the air cylinder 27 extends outside the gearbox 4 and is fixedly connected to a filter nozzle. A heat exhaust pipe communicating with the outside is provided on the gearbox 4. A check valve is provided inside the heat exhaust pipe.

[0068] Since there is a large amount of dust in the working environment of the drill, in order to prevent dust from entering the gearbox 4, it is necessary to set up a relatively enclosed box for protection. However, there are multiple structures such as transmission, speed change, and drilling in the gearbox 4, and a large amount of heat will inevitably be generated during the working process. However, the sealing structure of the gearbox 4 greatly affects the heat dissipation, and the heat accumulates in the gearbox 4, which affects the service life of the device.

[0069] In this embodiment, by setting up a blowing structure (including the air cylinder 27 and the structures used in conjunction with it), the inside of the gearbox 4 can be blown, and a heat exhaust pipe is set up to facilitate heat dissipation. Specifically, when the transmission shaft 38 rotates, the cam 39 will also rotate. Using the reciprocating structure of the cam 39, the pressure rod 29 drives the first piston plate 28 to perform a piston motion. When the first piston plate 28 moves upward (away from the tension spring), negative pressure is generated inside the air cylinder 27. At this time, the check valve inside the air inlet pipe 31 is conducted, and the check valve inside the air outlet pipe 30 is blocked, so that the air cylinder 27 draws air from the outside. When the first piston plate 28 moves downward, positive pressure is generated inside the air cylinder 27. At this time, the check valve inside the air inlet pipe 31 is blocked, and the check valve inside the air outlet pipe 30 is conducted, so that the air is discharged into the gearbox 4. The gearbox 4 is provided with a heat exhaust pipe communicating with the outside. During the continuous exhaust process into the gearbox 4, the air inside the gearbox 4 carrying heat will be discharged, thus achieving the heat dissipation effect.

[0070] Embodiment 5

[0071] As Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 14As shown, on the basis of Embodiment 4, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, an energy storage cylinder 43 is fixedly connected inside the gearbox 4. A second piston plate 44 is slidably connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder 43. A tension spring is fixedly connected between the bottom of the second piston plate 44 and the inner wall of the energy storage cylinder 43. A limiting ring is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder 43. One end of the air outlet pipe 30 away from the inflatable cylinder 27 is communicated with the energy storage cylinder 43. One side of the energy storage cylinder 43 is fixedly connected with a valve body 48. The valve body 48 is communicated with the energy storage cylinder 43 through a pipeline. A release pipe 47 is arranged on one side of the valve body 48 away from the energy storage cylinder 43. A valve core 49 is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the valve body 48. A valve hole is opened on the valve core 49. The valve hole is a straight hole and penetrates through the valve core 49. One end of the central axis of the valve core 49 extends to the outside of the valve body 48 and is fixedly connected with a transmission gear 50. Two fixing blocks 54 are fixedly connected to one side of the energy storage cylinder 43. A second sliding rod 56 is slidably connected between the two fixing blocks 54. The second sliding rod 56 penetrates through the two fixing blocks 54 at the same time. A lifting buckle 53 is fixedly connected to the top of the second sliding rod 56. A linkage block 57 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second sliding rod 56. A rack 52 is fixedly connected to one side of the linkage block 57. The rack 52 is meshed with the transmission gear 50. A U-shaped rod 46 is fixedly connected to the top of the second piston plate 44. One end of the U-shaped rod 46 away from the second piston plate 44 passes through the lifting buckle 53 and is fixedly connected with a support block 51. The U-shaped rod 46 is slidably connected with the gearbox 4.

[0072] In the above solution, since the above-mentioned air blowing structure is an auxiliary structure (heat dissipation effect), the actual power it relies on is the power of the drilling motor 5. To avoid having a great impact on drilling, its air supply capacity should not be too large (reducing the power demand of the drilling motor 5). The air pressure generated by the small-flow exhaust is limited, resulting in a limited heat dissipation effect of the gearbox 4. And based on the above structural design, there are gaps in multiple areas (such as between the main shaft 15 and the gearbox 4), and it is easy for dust to penetrate, while the small-flow air current is difficult to discharge the dust.

[0073] By setting up an energy storage structure (including the energy storage cylinder 43 and the structures used in conjunction with it), small airflows can be accumulated and released concentratedly, enabling a large positive pressure to be generated inside the gearbox 4 during release, thereby promoting the discharge of heat and dust. Specifically, by docking the air outlet pipe 30 with the energy storage cylinder 43, each air supply will inject air into the energy storage cylinder 43, causing the second piston plate 44 to move towards the side away from the tension spring, stretching the tension spring and accumulating potential energy. The second piston plate 44 drives the U-shaped rod 46 to move, thereby driving the support block 51 to move upward. When it contacts the lifting buckle 53, it drags the second sliding rod 56 to move upward, driving the linkage block 57 and the rack 52 to move upward, thereby driving the transmission gear 50 to rotate, causing the valve core 49 to rotate until the valve hole communicates with the energy storage cylinder 43. At this time, the air pressure in the energy storage cylinder 43 is instantaneously released through the valve hole into the gearbox 4 through the release pipe 47. Further, the air pressure in the gearbox 4 is discharged from the gaps and the heat dissipation pipes. For the second piston plate 44, due to the loss of air pressure support, it is pulled back under the action of the tension spring's rebound, and drives the support block 51 to move downward through the U-shaped rod 46. When it contacts the rack 52, it presses down the rack 52, while driving the transmission gear 50 to rotate in the opposite direction to the previous process, thereby causing the valve core 49 to reset, blocking the inside of the valve body 48 and no longer exhausting air, and then energy storage can continue. Among them, the fixed block 54 can limit the stroke of the second sliding rod 56 (the linkage block 57 and the lifting buckle 53 at the end are restricted by the fixed block 54).

[0074] As Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 12 shown, preferably, a deceleration cylinder 59 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate 14. A third piston plate 60 is slidably connected between the inner walls of the deceleration cylinder 59. A pressing block 61 is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate 60. The pressing block 61 is arranged in a triangular prism structure, and the corner away from the third piston plate 60 is provided with a rounded corner, and the rounded corner part is polished. A spring is fixedly connected between the side of the third piston plate 60 away from the pressing block 61 and the inner wall of the deceleration cylinder 59. A thin pipe 62 is provided on the deceleration cylinder 59. An L-shaped rod 58 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block 51, and the L-shaped rod 58 and the pressing block 61 are used in contact and cooperation.

[0075] Although in the above process, the drill rod 6 can be reset when dealing with soft soil by hammering the main shaft 15, since the main shaft 15 is simultaneously subjected to multiple external forces, it is crucial whether the main shaft 15 can be reset by using the above hammering method (whether the main shaft 15 is restricted or there is an obstacle in a certain stroke that prevents reset) or how to detect the reset of the main shaft 15.

[0076] In this regard, in this embodiment, the periodic triggering characteristic of the above-mentioned energy storage structure is used to regularly monitor the state of the main shaft 15, and assist in resetting the main shaft 15 when the main shaft 15 is not reset when it needs to be reset; specifically, by setting an L-shaped rod 58, it can move along with the support block 51. When the energy storage structure is released, the L-shaped rod 58 moves and presses the pressure block 61. The pressure block 61 is connected to the third piston plate 60, and the third piston plate 60 is limited by the internal air pressure of the retarder 59 and cannot be retracted quickly. The retraction process is limited by the exhaust speed of the capillary 62, so that during the retraction process of the pressure block 61, the L-shaped rod 58 can apply a downward force (the force is applied to the slide plate 14). At this time, if the drill rod 6 is dealing with soft soil, the drill rod 6 and the main shaft 15 will be extended under the action of this force to complete the auxiliary resetting. If the main shaft 15 cannot be pushed out during this period of time, it means that the resistance ahead is large, that is, it is still in the hard rock area, thereby realizing regular monitoring of the state of the drill rod 6.

[0077] Since the air is exhausted into the energy storage cylinder 43 by the inflator 27 in a small amount, when the valve hole is made to correspond to the energy storage cylinder 43 through transmission, it should also be a small area, that is, the third piston plate 60 is pushed by the air pressure to make the valve body 48 partially open, and the air pressure begins to be released, while the inflator 27 is still injecting air, so that the energy storage cylinder 43 is prone to dynamic balance, so that the third piston plate 60 cannot rebound;

[0078] In addition, the above-mentioned deceleration structure has another effect: since the upward movement of the pressure block 61 accompanying the slide plate 14 must precede the inflation movement, the pressure block 61 must be above the L-shaped rod 58 before inflation, and when the energy storage cylinder 43 is inflated to a certain amount, the movement of the L-shaped rod 58 begins to be hindered by the pressure block 61 (but the energy storage cylinder 43 is still accumulating air pressure at this time), and the obstruction time is affected by the time when the pressure block 61 retracts into the deceleration cylinder 59. When the pressure block 61 retracts to the point where it no longer hinders the movement of the L-shaped rod 58, the air pressure accumulated in the above process is instantly released, causing the third piston plate 60 to quickly ascend a certain distance, thereby causing the valve core 49 to undergo a rapid flipping process, so that the valve hole can face the energy storage cylinder 43 with a larger area.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, preferably, one end of the heat exhaust pipe away from the gear box 4 is fixedly connected with a nozzle, and the nozzle faces the main shaft 15 .

[0080] Corresponding to the position of the main shaft 15, since it needs to move and rotate along the axial direction, in order to reduce wear, a gap should be set between the main shaft 15 and the gear box 4 so that dust can enter from the gap, especially the dust adhering to the main shaft 15, which will be carried into the gap when the main shaft 15 is retracted, thereby aggravating the wear and generating heat. Therefore, a nozzle is set on the heat exhaust pipe and facing the main shaft 15, so that the exhaust process can blow away part of the dust on the main shaft 15, thereby reducing the dust adhering to the main shaft 15 and reducing the dust entering the gap.

[0081] The above has generally described the present invention in detail. However, based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit and concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bolt drill for coal mines with a protective positioning structure, comprising a mobile chassis (1), a robotic arm (2), a feeding device (3) and a drilling device; characterized in that, The described drilling device includes: A gearbox (4) fixedly connected to the movable part of the feeding device (3). A drilling motor (5) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the gearbox (4). The output end of the drilling motor (5) extends into the interior of the gearbox (4), and a third gear (10) and a first gear (9) are fixedly connected to the outer wall in sequence along the axial direction; A drill pipe (6); A drill retracting component for moving the drill pipe (6) in the direction opposite to the feeding direction when the drill pipe (6) drills into hard rock; A speed-changing component arranged inside the gearbox (4) for adjusting the output speed and torque of the drill pipe (6) according to the action state of the drill retracting component; The drill retracting component includes a first sliding rod (13) fixedly connected between the inner walls of the gearbox (4). A sliding plate (14) is slidably connected to the outer side of the first sliding rod (13). A main shaft (15) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the sliding plate (14). The top end of the main shaft (15) extends above the sliding plate (14). A magnet (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate (14). An iron block (26) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox (4). The iron block (26) is used in cooperation with the magnet (25). A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first sliding rod (13); A second gear (11) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox (4). The second gear (11) is meshed with the first gear (9). The central axis of the second gear (11) is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center. A first flat key (16) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the main shaft (15). The first flat key (16) is used in cooperation with the keyway on the second gear (11). The diameter of the second gear (11) is smaller than that of the first gear (9). The bottom end of the main shaft (15) passes through to the outside of the gearbox (4) through the hollow shaft. The main shaft (15) is slidably connected to the gearbox (4). The drill pipe (6) is detachably connected to the bottom end of the main shaft (15); The speed-changing component includes a fourth gear (12) rotatably connected to the top of the inner wall of the gearbox (4). The fourth gear (12) is meshed with the third gear (10). The central axis of the fourth gear (12) is a hollow shaft with a keyway in the center. The diameter of the fourth gear (12) is larger than that of the third gear (10). A second flat key (17) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the main shaft (15) above the first flat key (16). The second flat key (17) is used in cooperation with the keyway on the central axis of the fourth gear (12). A through hole (18) communicating with the inside of the central axis of the fourth gear (12) is formed in the top of the gearbox (4); One side of the inner wall of the gearbox (4) is fixedly connected with a mounting plate (19). One side of the mounting plate (19) is rotatably connected with a swing rod (20). One side of the mounting plate (19) is fixedly connected with a hanging buckle (21). One end of the swing rod (20) far away from the mounting plate (19) is also fixedly connected with a hanging buckle (21). A tension spring is suspended between the two hanging buckles (21). One side of the sliding plate (14) is fixedly connected with a slide rail (23). The outside of the slide rail (23) is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve (24). The sliding sleeve (24) is rotatably connected with the swing rod (20). One side of the mounting plate (19) is fixedly connected with two limit pins.

2. The roof bolter for coal mine with a protection and positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the gearbox (4) is fixedly connected with a transmission box (8). An eccentric wheel (63) is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the transmission box (8). Guide rods (66) are slidably connected to the top and bottom of the transmission box (8). A transmission frame (64) is fixedly connected between the closer sides of the two guide rods (66). One side of the eccentric wheel (63) is fixedly connected with a transmission buckle (65). The transmission buckle (65) is slidably connected to the inner side of the transmission frame (64). The bottom end of the lower guide rod (66) extends into the through hole (18) and is fixedly connected with a knocking hammer (67). The knocking hammer (67) is used to knock the top end of the main shaft (15). The top of the gearbox (4) is fixedly connected with a protective cover (7). A transmission shaft (38) is rotatably connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the protective cover (7). One end of the transmission shaft (38) extends into the transmission box (8) and is fixedly connected with the central axis of the eccentric wheel (63). A driven bevel gear (68) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission shaft (38). A driving bevel gear (40) is rotatably connected to the top of the gearbox (4). The driving bevel gear (40) is meshed with the driven bevel gear (68). One side of the inner wall of the gearbox (4) is fixedly connected with a fixing plate (35). The bottom of the fixing plate (35) is rotatably connected with a hollow column (36). A fifth gear (34) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the hollow column (36). The fifth gear (34) is meshed with a fourth gear (12). A keyway is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the hollow column (36). The top of the sliding plate (14) is rotatably connected with a spline shaft (32). The top end of the spline shaft (32) extends into the hollow column (36). The spline shaft (32) is slidably matched with the keyway inside the hollow column (36). The bottom end of the central axis of the driving bevel gear (40) extends into the gearbox (4) and is provided with a chute (41). A hexagonal column (42) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the chute (41). A spring is fixedly connected between the top of the hexagonal column (42) and the inner wall of the chute (41). A hexagonal groove (33) for cooperating with the hexagonal column (42) is arranged at the top of the spline shaft (32). The corners at the bottom of the hexagonal column (42) are all rounded.

3. The roof bolter for coal mine with a protective positioning structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: At the top of the inner wall of the gearbox (4), an air cylinder (27) is fixedly connected. A first piston plate (28) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the air cylinder (27). A pressure rod (29) is slidably connected to the top of the gearbox (4). A backing plate (37) is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure rod (29). The bottom of the pressure rod (29) extends into the interior of the air cylinder (27) and is fixedly connected to the first piston plate (28). A spring is sleeved on the outside of the pressure rod (29) between the backing plate (37) and the gearbox (4). An outer wall of a transmission shaft (38) is fixedly connected with a cam (39). The cam (39) is in contact with the top of the backing plate (37). An air inlet pipe (31) and an air outlet pipe (30) are arranged on the air cylinder (27). Check valves are arranged inside both the air inlet pipe (31) and the air outlet pipe (30). One end of the air inlet pipe (31) far from the air cylinder (27) extends outside the gearbox (4) and is fixedly connected with a filter tip. A heat dissipation pipe communicating with the outside is arranged on the gearbox (4). A check valve is arranged inside the heat dissipation pipe.

4. A coal mine bolt drill with a protective positioning structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: An energy storage cylinder (43) is fixedly connected inside the gearbox (4). A second piston plate (44) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder (43). A tension spring is fixedly connected between the second piston plate (44) and the bottom of the inner wall of the energy storage cylinder (43). A limiting ring is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the energy storage cylinder (43). One end of the air outlet pipe (30) far from the air cylinder (27) is communicated with the energy storage cylinder (43). A valve body (48) is fixedly connected to one side of the energy storage cylinder (43). The valve body (48) is communicated with the energy storage cylinder (43) through a pipeline. A release pipe (47) is arranged on one side of the valve body (48) far from the energy storage cylinder (43). A valve core (49) is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the valve body (48). A valve hole is formed in the valve core (49). One end of the central axis of the valve core (49) extends outside the valve body (48) and is fixedly connected with a transmission gear (50). Two fixing blocks (54) are fixedly connected to one side of the energy storage cylinder (43). A second sliding rod (56) is slidably connected between the two fixing blocks (54). The second sliding rod (56) penetrates through the two fixing blocks (54) at the same time. A lifting buckle (53) is fixedly connected to the top of the second sliding rod (56). A linkage block (57) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second sliding rod (56). A rack (52) is fixedly connected to one side of the linkage block (57). The rack (52) is meshed with the transmission gear (50). A U-shaped rod (46) is fixedly connected to the top of the second piston plate (44). One end of the U-shaped rod (46) far from the second piston plate (44) passes through the lifting buckle (53) and is fixedly connected with a supporting block (51). The U-shaped rod (46) is slidably connected with the gearbox (4).

5. The roof bolter for coal mine with a protection and positioning structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A speed reduction cylinder (59) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the skateboard (14). A third piston plate (60) is slidably connected between the inner walls of the speed reduction cylinder (59). A pressing block (61) is fixedly connected to one side of the third piston plate (60). The pressing block (61) is arranged in a triangular prism structure, and a corner away from the third piston plate (60) is provided with a rounded corner. A spring is fixedly connected between the side of the third piston plate (60) away from the pressing block (61) and the inner wall of the speed reduction cylinder (59). A thin tube (62) is provided on the speed reduction cylinder (59); an L-shaped rod (58) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the supporting block (51), and the L-shaped rod (58) is used in contact with the pressing block (61).

6. The roof bolter for coal mine with a protection and positioning structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the exhaust heat pipe away from the gearbox (4) is fixedly connected with a nozzle, and the nozzle is facing the main shaft (15).

Images