Spectral calibration method for spaceborne hyperspectral payloads independent of ground-based synchronous observations

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for spectral calibration of a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload that is independent of ground synchronous observations and is applied to the fields of satellite remote sensing and hyperspectral technology. The method comprises: constructing an actual apparent reflectance matrix of a calibration site with reference to multispectral payload observations based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; determining a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on a spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix; constructing a hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site; performing a convolution operation on the spectral response function of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload; spectrally normalizing the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload to establish an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload. The present invention can solve the defect that the on-orbit spectral calibration method for the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload is overly dependent on ground synchronous observation data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of satellite remote sensing and hyperspectral technology, and in particular to a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration method that does not rely on ground synchronous observation. Background Art

[0002] Unlike multispectral remote sensing data, hyperspectral remote sensing data has the characteristics of unified spatial and spectral information. Accurately obtaining the actual spectral center wavelength and half-wavewidth of the hyperspectral payload that characterizes the spectral performance of hyperspectral remote sensing data is the premise and basis for ensuring the quantitative application of hyperspectral remote sensing data.

[0003] In related technologies, the surface reflectivity and gas content parameters of the atmospheric absorption spectrum band observed synchronously on the ground are used to simulate the radiance of the high-spectral payload entrance pupil channel based on the atmospheric radiation transfer model, and the spectral matching is performed with the observed radiance of the entrance pupil channel to determine the spectral calibration parameters.

[0004] However, the current method relies on synchronously measured surface reflectance and gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum as input, and does not consider the impact of atmospheric parameter estimation of the atmospheric absorption channel on the spectral calibration accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on ground synchronous observations, so as to solve the defect of the existing on-orbit spectral calibration method of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads that is overly dependent on ground synchronous observation data, and achieve higher calibration accuracy.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observation, and includes the following steps.

[0007] Determine the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; construct the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; determine the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix; construct the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectances of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectances of the multiple standard modes are obtained by simulating the gas content in the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum using an atmospheric radiation transfer model; perform a convolution operation based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; perform spectral normalization on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and establish an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload.

[0008] According to a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that is independent of ground synchronous observation provided by the present invention, determining the spectral matching factor between the spaceborne hyperspectral payload of a target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of a reference multispectral remote sensing image comprises:

[0009] The first article on spaceborne hyperspectral payload observation based on target hyperspectral remote sensing image The apparent reflectance of the band is compared with the reference multispectral payload observation of the reference multispectral remote sensing image. The apparent reflectance of the band is used to determine the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload and the reference multispectral payload, which includes:

[0010]

[0011] in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the The coefficient factor in the spectral matching factor of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the The offset factor in the spectral matching factor of the band.

[0012] According to the present invention, a method for calibrating a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum that does not rely on synchronous ground observation is provided. The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is:

[0013]

[0014] The reference multispectral payload observation The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is:

[0015]

[0016] in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload The apparent reflectance of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation The apparent reflectance of the band, and represents the reference multispectral payload observation The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload, Hrepresents the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the reference multispectral loading, represents the reference multi-spectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

[0017] According to a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on ground synchronous observations, the present invention provides a plurality of standard modes including: a water body standard mode, a bare soil standard mode, a vegetation standard mode, and an additional standard mode;

[0018] The actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site based on the reference multispectral load observation is constructed based on the apparent reflectance matrices of multiple standard modes, including:

[0019] Based on the multiple standard mode coefficients and the formatted apparent reflectances of the multiple standard modes, an actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site of the reference multispectral payload observation is constructed, which includes:

[0020]

[0021] represents the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload, represents the water body standard model coefficient, represents the bare soil standard model coefficient, represents the vegetation standard model coefficient, represents the additional standard mode coefficient, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the water body standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the bare soil standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the vegetation standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the additional standard mode, represents the residual of the linear combination.

[0022] According to a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that is independent of ground-based synchronous observations provided by the present invention, the expressions for the formatted apparent reflectances of the multiple standard modes are:

[0023]

[0024] in, represents the reference multi-spectral payload Band No. k Formatted apparent reflectance of a standard mode, and represents the reference multispectral payload observation The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, It is k Hyperspectral apparent reflectance of a standard mode, represents the reference multi-spectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

[0025] According to a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observations, the present invention provides a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that is independent of synchronous ground observations. The spectral normalization process is performed on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload. The expression for establishing the on-orbit spectral calibration model of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload is:

[0026]

[0027] in, represents the cost function for the calibration of the onboard hyperspectral payload, Indicates the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum. represents the wavelength shift, represents the change in spectral bandwidth, Indicates the total number of bands around the atmospheric absorption spectrum band involved in spectral calibration, Indicates the The channel radiance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil in each band, Indicates the The actual observation values ​​of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil in each band.

[0028] The present invention also provides a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration device that does not rely on ground synchronous observation, including the following modules: a matching module for determining the spectral matching factor between the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; a construction module for constructing the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; a reconstruction module for determining the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the actual apparent reflectance matrix and the satellite-borne apparent reflectance matrix; the construction module is also used to construct the actual apparent reflectance matrix based on multiple standard mode hyperspectral remote sensing images. The hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site is constructed based on the rate and the weight coefficient matrix, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content of the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model; a convolution module is used to perform a convolution operation based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; a calibration module is used to perform spectral normalization processing on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and establish an on-orbit spectral calibration model of the onboard hyperspectral payload.

[0029] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for spectral calibration of satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads that is independent of ground synchronous observation as described above is implemented.

[0030] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for spectral calibration of a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on ground synchronous observation as described above is implemented.

[0031] The present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned methods for spectral calibration of satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on ground synchronous observation.

[0032] The present invention provides a method for spectral calibration of satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on synchronous ground observations. By comparing the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image with the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image, the spectral matching factor between them is determined, thereby ensuring the spectral comparability between different payloads. Based on the apparent reflectance matrices of multiple standard modes, an actual apparent reflectance matrix is ​​constructed for the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload, thereby simulating the spectral characteristics of the calibration site in a real environment. The spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix are used to determine the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction, thereby providing accurate weight coefficients for subsequent spectral reconstruction, thereby ensuring the accuracy of spectral reconstruction. Based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance and weight coefficient matrices of multiple standard modes, a calibration matrix is ​​constructed. The hyperspectral apparent reflectivity of the site is obtained by simulating the atmospheric radiation transfer model, and combined with the weight coefficient matrix, a high-precision simulation of the spectral characteristics of the calibration site is achieved; the spectral response function of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload is convolved with the hyperspectral apparent reflectivity to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload. The simulated spectral characteristics are combined with the actual spectral response of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload to obtain accurate channel radiance data; the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload is spectrally normalized with the actual observed value at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload, and an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload is established. The normalization process eliminates the spectral differences under different observation conditions, and more accurate and reliable spectral calibration results can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced one by one below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that is independent of synchronous ground observations.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a technical flow diagram of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method provided by the present invention that does not rely on ground synchronous observation.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a module schematic diagram of a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration device provided by the present invention that does not rely on ground synchronous observation.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Unlike multispectral remote sensing data, hyperspectral remote sensing data combines spatial and spectral information. Accurately obtaining the actual spectral center wavelength and half-wavelength width of the hyperspectral payload, which characterize the spectral performance of hyperspectral remote sensing data, is a prerequisite and foundation for ensuring the quantitative application of hyperspectral remote sensing data. Before satellite launch, the spectral performance of the onboard hyperspectral payload is precisely calibrated in a rigorous laboratory to determine the sensor's spectral performance parameters. However, due to factors such as the severe vibration during satellite launch, changes in the space environment, and the aging of the sensor's optical components, the spectral performance of the onboard hyperspectral payload will change during its in-orbit operation. As a result, parameters such as the spectral center wavelength and half-wavelength width calibrated in the laboratory before launch are no longer accurate representations of the actual spectral performance of the hyperspectral remote sensing data.

[0040] The quantitative application value of spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing data lies in accurately characterizing the spectral characteristics of ground objects using raw Earth observation image data. Obviously, degradation or changes in the on-orbit spectral performance of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads prevents their quantitative application value. Therefore, regular on-orbit spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads is crucial and essential.

[0041] Currently, on-orbit spectral calibration methods for hyperspectral payloads can be broadly categorized into on-board spectral calibration using a remote sensing platform's onboard calibration system and alternative spectral calibration based on observations of atmospheric absorption and reflectance characteristics. On-board spectral calibration enables long-term and stable monitoring of the spectral performance of hyperspectral payloads. However, existing on-board spectral calibration methods place extremely high demands on the payload, and some hyperspectral remote sensing platforms do not have an on-board calibration system. Furthermore, over time, calibrator components gradually degrade, resulting in a decrease in spectral calibration accuracy. Therefore, research on alternative spectral calibration to monitor changes in spectral performance is particularly important. Alternative spectral calibration uses the spectral characteristics of solar Fraunhofer absorption lines or atmospheric absorption channels, along with synchronously observed ground-based surface reflectance and atmospheric absorption gas content parameters. Using atmospheric radiation transfer models, the radiance of the hyperspectral payload entrance pupil channel is simulated and spectrally matched with the observed radiance of the entrance pupil channel to determine the spectral calibration parameters. However, the current method relies on synchronously measured surface reflectance and gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum as input, and does not consider the impact of atmospheric parameter estimation of the atmospheric absorption channel on the spectral calibration accuracy.

[0042] In order to overcome the dependence of on-orbit spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads on synchronous ground observation data, the present invention proposes a spectral calibration method for spaceborne hyperspectral payloads that is independent of synchronous ground observations. This method takes into account the dependence on surface reflectivity and atmospheric absorption spectrum parameters during the actual calibration process. In this method, the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum is incorporated as a parameter to be inverted into the on-orbit spectral calibration process of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, and a model is constructed to simultaneously estimate the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum and the spectral performance parameters of the hyperspectral payload. This method can effectively reduce the excessive dependence of current on-orbit spectral calibration methods for spaceborne hyperspectral payloads on synchronous ground observation data, thereby achieving on-orbit spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads and significantly increasing the frequency of on-orbit spectral calibration.

[0043] In response to the shortcomings of existing spectral calibration schemes, the present invention proposes a spectral calibration method for satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on ground-based synchronous observations. The core idea of ​​this method is to establish a spectral calibration model to spectrally match the radiance observation value of the hyperspectral payload entrance pupil channel of the atmospheric absorption spectrum with the radiance of the entrance pupil channel simulated based on the atmospheric radiation transfer model, so as to accurately determine the central wavelength and half-wavewidth. However, when simulating the radiance of the hyperspectral payload entrance pupil channel based on the atmospheric radiation transfer model, it is necessary to use ground-based synchronous measurements or reanalysis data to provide the atmospheric parameter content of the absorption spectrum as input, which undoubtedly brings limitations to the spectral calibration of high-frequency satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads. Since the wavelength band of the hyperspectral payload is relatively narrow, on the one hand, the data actually observed by the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload contains information on the atmospheric absorption gas content at the time of imaging. On the other hand, spectral calibration is extremely sensitive to changes in the gas content of the atmospheric absorption spectrum, which provides the possibility of fully utilizing the observation information of the hyperspectral payload itself during the spectral calibration process. Based on this, the present invention innovatively introduces the gas content of the atmospheric absorption spectrum as an unknown parameter into the spectral calibration process, in order to construct a spectral calibration model that uses the hyperspectral payload's own observation information to simultaneously invert the gas content of the absorption spectrum and the spectral performance parameters. While ensuring high-precision spectral calibration, this method does not need to rely on ground-based synchronous observation data, fundamentally overcoming the problem that traditional spectral calibration methods are limited by ground-based measurement conditions, and improving the on-orbit autonomous calibration capability and application flexibility of satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads. The present invention effectively solves the impact of the gas content in the absorption channel on the accuracy of spectral calibration, and provides a high-precision on-orbit spectral calibration solution for hyperspectral payloads that does not require support from ground-based synchronous observations.

[0044] Optionally, the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method that does not rely on ground synchronous observation in an embodiment of the present application can be executed by a server, or by a terminal device, or jointly by a server and a terminal device, taking the execution of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method that does not rely on ground synchronous observation in this embodiment by a server as an example.

[0045] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observations provided by the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following:

[0046] Step 101 : determining a spectral matching factor between a spaceborne hyperspectral payload of a target hyperspectral remote sensing image and a reference multispectral payload of a reference multispectral remote sensing image.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, a high-precision satellite-borne multi-spectral payload is selected as a reference benchmark, and a large and uniform scene is selected as a calibration site.

[0048] Since there is a significant difference in spatial resolution between the reference multispectral remote sensing image and the target hyperspectral remote sensing image, in order to reduce the calibration error caused by the spatial scale difference, the reference multispectral remote sensing image and the target hyperspectral remote sensing image are normalized in spatial scale. Usually, the reference multispectral remote sensing image (coarse resolution) is resampled to the spatial resolution of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image (fine resolution) (the coarse resolution remote sensing image is aggregated to a spatial resolution that matches the target image), and then the reference multispectral remote sensing image and the target hyperspectral remote sensing image are spatially aligned.

[0049] Considering the difference in solar-observation angle between the reference multispectral payload and the target hyperspectral payload, it is necessary to establish the spectral matching factor of the corresponding multispectral bands between the reference multispectral payload and the target hyperspectral payload.

[0050] According to the present invention, a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observation is provided, which determines the spectral matching factor between the spaceborne hyperspectral payload of a target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of a reference multispectral remote sensing image, including:

[0051] The first article on spaceborne hyperspectral payload observation based on target hyperspectral remote sensing image The apparent reflectance of the band is compared with the reference multispectral payload observation of the reference multispectral remote sensing image. The apparent reflectance of the band determines the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload and the reference multispectral payload, including:

[0052] (1)

[0053] in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the The coefficient factor in the spectral matching factor of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the Offset factor in the spectral matching factor of the band.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present invention, apparent reflectance data of a target hyperspectral remote sensing image and a reference multispectral remote sensing image are obtained, wherein the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral remote sensing image have been normalized in terms of spatial resolution (e.g., by resampling or aggregation methods).

[0055] Select representative ground feature samples (such as uniform surface areas) to ensure that the samples can be accurately extracted in both hyperspectral and multispectral images.

[0056] The first observation based on the reference multispectral payload Apparent reflectivity of the band As the independent variable, the first Apparent reflectivity of the band As the dependent variable, according to the above formula (1), a linear regression analysis is performed, and the proportional factor (coefficient factor) in the spectral matching factor is solved by the least squares method. and the offset factor in the spectral matching factor (offset factor) .

[0057] The spectral matching factor obtained is applied to the target hyperspectral remote sensing image. band, calculate the apparent reflectance after spectral matching, and repeat the above steps to perform spectral matching on all bands.

[0058] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the spectral response difference between the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload and the reference multispectral payload can be effectively eliminated through the spectral matching factor, so that the apparent reflectance data of the two have consistent spectral characteristics.

[0059] According to the present invention, a method for calibrating a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum that does not rely on synchronous ground observation is provided. The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is:

[0060] (2)

[0061] Reference multispectral payload observations The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is:

[0062] (3)

[0063] in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload The apparent reflectance of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation The apparent reflectance of the band, and represents the reference multispectral payload observation The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload, H represents the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the reference multispectral loading, The reference multispectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload Continuous spectrum of apparent reflectance with reference multispectral load Set the surface reflectance from 0.1 to 0.5 with an interval of 0.1, and simulate it using an atmospheric radiation transfer model (such as MODTRAN or 6S).

[0065] For multiple groups and Perform linear fitting and calculate the spectral matching factor of the corresponding multispectral band and .

[0066] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the apparent reflectance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload is converted into a value having the same spectral response characteristics as the apparent reflectance of the reference multispectral payload, thereby achieving spectral matching.

[0067] Step 102 : Based on the apparent reflectance matrices of multiple standard modes, an actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site with reference to multispectral payload observation is constructed.

[0068] According to the above explanation, the core idea of ​​spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads is to establish a spectral calibration model to spectrally match the radiance observation value of the hyperspectral payload entrance pupil channel in the atmospheric absorption spectrum with the radiance of the entrance pupil channel simulated based on the atmospheric radiation transfer model, so as to accurately determine the central wavelength and half-wavewidth.

[0069] It is assumed that the spectral shape of any pixel extracted from the remote sensing image acquired by the payload can be obtained by a linear combination of the apparent reflectance of three standard modes (water standard mode, bare soil standard mode, vegetation standard mode) and an optional additional standard mode:

[0070] (4)

[0071] in, Indicates the The apparent reflectivity of the target ground object in the band, , , , They represent the water body standard model coefficient, bare soil standard model coefficient, vegetation standard model coefficient and additional standard model coefficient respectively. Indicates the The residuals of the linear combinations of the bands, , , , Respectively represent The formatted apparent reflectance (spectrum) of the water standard model of the band Formatted apparent reflectance (spectrum) of bare soil standard mode in the band, The formatted apparent reflectance (spectral) of the vegetation standard model for the band and the Additional standard pattern formatted apparent reflectance (spectra) for the band.

[0072] According to the present invention, a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observation is provided, wherein the multiple standard modes include: a water body standard mode, a bare soil standard mode, a vegetation standard mode, and an additional standard mode;

[0073] Based on the apparent reflectance matrices of multiple standard models, the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site referenced by multispectral payload observation is constructed, including:

[0074] Based on the coefficients of multiple standard modes and the formatted apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes, the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site referenced by the multispectral payload observation is constructed, which includes:

[0075] (5)

[0076] represents the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed with reference to the multispectral payload, represents the water body standard model coefficient, represents the bare soil standard model coefficient, represents the vegetation standard model coefficient, represents the additional standard mode coefficient, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the water body standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the bare soil standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the vegetation standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the additional standard mode, represents the residual of the linear combination; Represents the apparent reflectance matrix of various standard modes, Represents the weight coefficient matrix (i.e., the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction).

[0077] In some embodiments, according to the above formula (4), the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site with reference to the multispectral payload observation can be expressed by the above formula (5), where, represents the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the n×1-dimensional calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload, where n is the number of reference multispectral payload channels; is the n×4-dimensional apparent reflectance spectrum matrix of the water standard model, bare soil standard model, vegetation standard model and additional standard model (i.e., the apparent reflectance matrix of multiple standard models), represents a 4×1 dimensional weight coefficient matrix (i.e., the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction), , , and It is the formatted apparent reflectance of various standard modes of reference multispectral load obtained by MODTRAN simulation.

[0078] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the actual apparent reflectance of the calibration site can be effectively reconstructed through a linear mixed model, and the spectral characteristics of complex landforms can be simulated. By introducing multiple standard modes (such as water body standard mode, bare soil standard mode, vegetation standard mode and additional standard mode), the spectral characteristics of complex landforms can be better adapted.

[0079] According to a method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observations provided by the present invention, the expressions for the formatted apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes are:

[0080] (6)

[0081] in, The reference multispectral payload Band No. k Formatted apparent reflectance of a standard mode, and represents the reference multispectral payload observation The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, It is k Hyperspectral apparent reflectance of a standard mode, The reference multispectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

[0082] Here, It is simulated by an atmospheric radiation transfer model (such as MODTRAN or 6S) driven by the surface reflectance of the water standard model, bare soil standard model, vegetation standard model and additional standard model. The bare soil surface reflectance comes from the historical measurement values ​​of the calibration site as a reference input, while the surface reflectance of the water standard model, vegetation standard model and additional standard model comes from the preset standard spectral database.

[0083] Through the embodiments of the present invention, considering that the hyperspectral apparent reflectance simulation process requires accurate atmospheric absorption spectrum gas content as input, while the existing method relies on ground synchronous measurement, the present invention uses the historical statistical values ​​of the calibration site as the initial values ​​of the model simulation. During the spectral calibration process, the initial values ​​are continuously adjusted to simulate the hyperspectral apparent reflectance under different gas content conditions, which is used to construct a hyperspectral entrance pupil channel radiance spectrum reconstruction model, thereby supporting the construction of a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration model.

[0084] Step 103: Determine a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present invention, the spectral matching factor calculated by formula (1) is combined with the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the corresponding calibration site (i.e., the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload) extracted from the reference multispectral remote sensing image. , the following formula can be used to calculate the spaceborne apparent reflectance matrix of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload corresponding to the reference multispectral payload spectral band (i.e., the target hyperspectral payload apparent reflectance matrix):

[0086] (7)

[0087] in, The spaceborne apparent reflectance matrix representing the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, represents the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed with reference to the multispectral payload, represents the coefficient factor (scaling factor) of the spectral matching factor, Indicates the offset factor of the spectral matching factor.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present invention, formula (5) and formula (7) are combined and solved by the least square method to calculate the weight coefficient matrix of spectrum reconstruction. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0089] (8)

[0090] in, represents the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction, Represents the apparent reflectance matrix of various standard modes, Represents the transposed matrix of the apparent reflectance matrix of multiple standard modes, The spaceborne apparent reflectance matrix representing the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, is the derivative of the slope of the spectral matching factor corresponding to the multispectral band (i.e., the derivative of the coefficient factor in the spectral matching factor), Indicates the offset factor of the spectral matching factor.

[0091] Step 104 : constructing the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix.

[0092] Among them, the hyperspectral apparent reflectivity of multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content in the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present invention, the weight coefficient matrix of the spectrum reconstruction calculated based on formula (8) is as follows: The hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes (water standard mode, bare soil standard mode, vegetation standard mode and additional standard mode) obtained by simulating the atmospheric radiation transfer model is as follows: , the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site can be constructed using the following formula.

[0094] (9)

[0095] in, represents the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site, Indicates the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of various standard modes, represents the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction, represents the residual of the linear combination.

[0096] Step 105 : performing a convolution operation based on the spectral response function of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload.

[0097] On this basis, it is assumed that the spectral response function of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload is If the Gaussian distribution conforms to formula (10), the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site constructed by formula (9) can be convolved with formula (10), and the apparent reflectance of each band of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload can be calculated based on formula (11): , and converted into the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload according to formula (11) .

[0098] (10)

[0099] in, The first The spectral response function of the band, represents the wavelength, Indicates the The central wavelength of the band, represents the wavelength shift, Indicates the The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the band, Indicates the offset of the half-wave width, Represents the core part of the Gaussian function.

[0100] (11)

[0101] (12)

[0102] in, Indicates the bands of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload ( band), represents the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site, The first The spectral response function of the band, and The first The starting wavelength and ending wavelength of the band, represents the wavelength, Indicates the The channel radiance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil of each band, Indicates the The solar irradiance of the band, represents the cosine of the solar zenith angle, Indicates the distance between the Earth and the Sun.

[0103] Step 106 , performing spectral normalization processing on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and establishing an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload.

[0104] The channel radiance of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil of the atmospheric absorption spectrum obtained by simulation based on formula (12) and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload , and respectively and After spectral normalization processing (NODD), an on-orbit spectral calibration model for spaceborne hyperspectral payloads is established.

[0105] According to a spectral calibration method for a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observations, the present invention provides a method for spectrally normalizing the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload with the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload. The expression for establishing an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the spaceborne hyperspectral payload is as follows:

[0106] (13)

[0107] in, represents the cost function for calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payload, Indicates the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum. represents the wavelength shift, represents the change in spectral bandwidth, Indicates the total number of bands around the atmospheric absorption spectrum band involved in spectral calibration, Indicates the The channel radiance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil of each band, Indicates the The actual observation values ​​of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil in each band.

[0108] The optimization algorithm is used to perform nonlinear optimization solution on formula (12). During the solution process, the spectral performance parameters of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum are continuously adjusted to obtain the channel radiance simulation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload. When the cost function reaches the optimal solution, the central wavelength offset and half-wavewidth offset of the hyperspectral payload can be obtained, and the gas content value in the atmospheric absorption spectrum can be output at the same time.

[0109] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a technical flow diagram of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method provided by the present invention that is independent of ground-based synchronous observations. The method includes: obtaining a reference multispectral remote sensing image and a target hyperspectral remote sensing image; spatial geolocation registration / spectral matching and correction; hyperspectral entrance pupil (channel) radiance spectral reconstruction model; simulated entrance pupil channel radiance values ​​of the spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing payload; observed entrance pupil channel radiance values ​​of the spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing payload; NODD processing (normalization); spectral calibration model; determining the optimal solution of the model; if not, adjusting the center wavelength / half-wavewidth / gas content; initial spectral response function and initial value of absorbing gas content; and, if so, obtaining spectral calibration parameters / gas content. The specific process can be referred to in the above embodiments and will not be further described herein.

[0110] Traditional spectral calibration methods rely on synchronous ground-based measurements of surface reflectance and gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum. These parameters are extremely sensitive to changes in gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum, and actual calibration often faces the problem of being unable to synchronously measure these parameters. This invention overcomes this limitation by enabling on-orbit spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads without relying on synchronous ground-based measurements of surface reflectance and gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum.

[0111] This paper proposes a method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads that is independent of synchronous ground-based observations. This method takes into account the actual calibration process's dependence on surface reflectivity and atmospheric absorption spectrum parameters. By incorporating the atmospheric absorption spectrum gas content as a parameter to be inverted into the on-orbit spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads, the present invention constructs a model that simultaneously estimates the atmospheric absorption spectrum gas content and the hyperspectral payload's spectral performance parameters. This method can effectively reduce the current on-orbit spectral calibration methods for spaceborne hyperspectral payloads' overreliance on synchronous ground-based observation data, mitigate the impact of changes in atmospheric absorption spectrum gas content on spectral calibration, and, compared to traditional methods, maintain high calibration accuracy under a wider range of application conditions and significantly increase the frequency of on-orbit spectral calibration.

[0112] The following describes the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration device that does not rely on ground synchronous observation provided by the present invention. The satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration device that does not rely on ground synchronous observation described below and the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectrum calibration method that does not rely on ground synchronous observation described above can be referenced to each other.

[0113] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a module schematic diagram of a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration device provided by the present invention that does not rely on ground synchronous observation.

[0114] A matching module 301 is used to determine a spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image;

[0115] A construction module 302 is used to construct an actual apparent reflectance matrix of a calibration site with reference to multispectral payload observations based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices;

[0116] A reconstruction module 303 is configured to determine a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix;

[0117] The construction module 302 is further configured to construct the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content in the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum using an atmospheric radiation transfer model;

[0118] The convolution module 304 is configured to perform a convolution operation based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload;

[0119] The calibration module 305 is used to perform spectral normalization processing on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and establish an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload.

[0120] Specifically, the above-mentioned satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration device that does not rely on ground synchronous observation provided by the present invention can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method embodiment that does not rely on ground synchronous observation, and can achieve the same technical effect. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those of the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0121] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 4As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 410, a communications interface 420, a memory 430 and a communications bus 440, wherein the processor 410, the communications interface 420 and the memory 430 communicate with each other via the communications bus 440. The processor 410 may call the logic instructions in the memory 430 to execute a spectral calibration method for a satellite-borne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on synchronous ground observations. The method includes: determining a spectral matching factor between the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; constructing an actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; determining a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix; and determining a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on multiple standard mode hyperspectral tables. The hyperspectral apparent reflectivity and weight coefficient matrix are used to construct the hyperspectral apparent reflectivity of the calibration site. Among them, the hyperspectral apparent reflectivity of multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content in the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model; the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectivity of the calibration site are convolved to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload is spectrally normalized with the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload is established.

[0122] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 430 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product, stored in a storage medium, includes instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0123] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method provided by the above methods that does not rely on ground synchronous observation. The method includes: determining the spectral matching factor between the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; constructing the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; and constructing the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance. The hyperspectral apparent reflectance matrix is ​​used to determine the weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction; the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site is constructed based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content in the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model; the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site are convolved to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload is spectrally normalized with the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload is established.

[0124] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is implemented when the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration method provided by the above-mentioned methods that does not rely on ground synchronous observation. The method includes: determining the spectral matching factor between the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; constructing the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; determining the weight of the spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix. Coefficient matrix; Based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site is constructed, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content of the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model; based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site, the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload is obtained; the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload is spectrally normalized with the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and an on-orbit spectral calibration model for the onboard hyperspectral payload is established.

[0125] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. That is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0126] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on synchronous ground observations, characterized in that: include: Determine the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; Based on multiple standard mode apparent reflectance matrices, constructing the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site of the reference multispectral payload observation; Determining a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix; Based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site is constructed, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content of the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through an atmospheric radiation transfer model; A convolution operation is performed based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; The radiance of the channel at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload is spectrally normalized with the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and an on-orbit spectral calibration model of the onboard hyperspectral payload is established, which includes: ； in, represents the cost function for the calibration of the onboard hyperspectral payload, Indicates the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum. represents the wavelength shift, represents the change in spectral bandwidth, Indicates the total number of bands around the atmospheric absorption spectrum band involved in spectral calibration, Indicates the The channel radiance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil in each band, Indicates the The actual observation value of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil of each band; When the cost function reaches the optimal solution, the center wavelength offset and half-wavewidth offset of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload are obtained, and the gas content value of the atmospheric absorption spectrum is output at the same time.

2. The method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads independent of ground-based synchronous observations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image includes: The first article on spaceborne hyperspectral payload observation based on target hyperspectral remote sensing image i The apparent reflectance of the band is compared with the reference multispectral payload observation of the reference multispectral remote sensing image. i The apparent reflectance of the band is used to determine the spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload and the reference multispectral payload, which includes: ； in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload i The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the i The coefficient factor in the spectral matching factor of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation i The apparent reflectance of the band, Indicates the i The offset factor in the spectral matching factor of the band.

3. The method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads independent of ground-based synchronous observations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spaceborne hyperspectral payload observation i The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is: ； The reference multispectral payload observation i The expression of the apparent reflectance of the band is: ； in, Indicates the number of observations made by the spaceborne hyperspectral payload i The apparent reflectance of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload observation i The apparent reflectance of the band, and represent the reference multi-spectral payload observations. The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, represents the reference multispectral payload, H represents the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the spaceborne hyperspectral payload, represents the apparent reflectance continuous spectrum of the reference multispectral loading, represents the reference multi-spectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

4. The method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads independent of ground-based synchronous observations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple standard modes include: water body standard mode, bare soil standard mode, vegetation standard mode and additional standard mode; The actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site based on the reference multispectral load observation is constructed based on the apparent reflectance matrices of multiple standard modes, including: Based on the multiple standard mode coefficients and the formatted apparent reflectances of the multiple standard modes, an actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site of the reference multispectral payload observation is constructed, which includes: ； represents the actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site observed by the reference multispectral payload, represents the water body standard model coefficient, represents the bare soil standard model coefficient, represents the vegetation standard model coefficient, represents the additional standard mode coefficient, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the water body standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the bare soil standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the vegetation standard model, represents the formatted apparent reflectance of the additional standard mode, represents the residual of the linear combination.

5. The method for spectral calibration of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads independent of ground-based synchronous observations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The expressions of the formatted apparent reflectance of the multiple standard modes are: ； in, represents the reference multi-spectral payload i Band No. k Formatted apparent reflectance of a standard mode, and represents the reference multispectral payload observation The starting and ending wavelengths of the band, It is k Hyperspectral apparent reflectance of a standard mode, represents the reference multi-spectral payload The spectral response function of the band, Indicates wavelength.

6. A spaceborne hyperspectral payload spectral calibration device that does not rely on ground-based synchronous observations, characterized in that: include: a matching module for determining a spectral matching factor between the onboard hyperspectral payload of the target hyperspectral remote sensing image and the reference multispectral payload of the reference multispectral remote sensing image; A construction module, configured to construct an actual apparent reflectance matrix of the calibration site of the reference multispectral payload observation based on a plurality of standard mode apparent reflectance matrices; A reconstruction module, configured to determine a weight coefficient matrix for spectral reconstruction based on the spectral matching factor and the actual apparent reflectance matrix; The construction module is further used to construct the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site based on the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of multiple standard modes and the weight coefficient matrix, wherein the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the multiple standard modes is obtained by simulating the gas content of the historical atmospheric absorption spectrum through the atmospheric radiation transfer model; A convolution module is configured to perform a convolution operation based on the spectral response function of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the hyperspectral apparent reflectance of the calibration site to obtain the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload; A calibration module is used to perform spectral normalization processing on the channel radiance at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload and the actual observation value at the entrance pupil of the onboard hyperspectral payload, and establish an on-orbit spectral calibration model of the onboard hyperspectral payload, which includes: ； in, represents the cost function for the calibration of the onboard hyperspectral payload, Indicates the gas content in the atmospheric absorption spectrum. represents the wavelength shift, represents the change in spectral bandwidth, Indicates the total number of bands around the atmospheric absorption spectrum band involved in spectral calibration, Indicates the The channel radiance of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil in each band, Indicates the The actual observation value of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload at the entrance pupil of each band; When the cost function reaches the optimal solution, the center wavelength offset and half-wavewidth offset of the satellite-borne hyperspectral payload are obtained, and the gas content value of the atmospheric absorption spectrum is output at the same time.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the method for spectral calibration of satellite-borne hyperspectral payloads that does not rely on ground synchronous observation is implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on ground synchronous observation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

9. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for spectral calibration of a spaceborne hyperspectral payload that does not rely on ground synchronous observation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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