A shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method and system

Abstract

The present application provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method and system, which relates to the field of tool operation and maintenance technology. The method includes: before the shield tool starts excavating, the model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters; after the shield tool starts excavating, the number of excavation rings is counted through the interactive layer, and when it is equal to the preset number of inspection rings, the shield machine is converted to a shutdown state; a number of tool health levels are obtained through a cutter wear behavior model; the health level of the cutter group is obtained through a cutter group multi-agent model; a tool operation and maintenance plan is obtained through a shield tool maintenance hybrid model; excavation is continued after the tool is replaced, and the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero. This application can solve the existing problem of being unable to intuitively quantify the cutter wear process and the complexity of maintenance operations, and achieve the technical effect of improving the simulation accuracy, flexibility and intelligence level of shield construction and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tool operation and maintenance technology, and in particular to a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method and system. Background Art

[0002] During shield tunneling, normal excavation and downtime for maintenance alternate, a process whose complexity directly impacts project economics and efficiency. During normal excavation, the shield cutterhead continuously advances toward the tunnel face, creating a continuous cutting action between the cutters and the rock and soil, leading to inevitable cutter wear. The extent of cutter wear depends on geological conditions, excavation parameters, and cutter specifications such as cutter diameter, blade shape, and material properties. Due to the complex and variable geological conditions, cutter wear rates vary significantly under different conditions, potentially leading to premature reaching of the wear threshold. When the remaining service life of the cutters is exhausted, construction transitions from the excavation phase to the downtime for maintenance. The operational complexity and cost of this downtime for maintenance are closely related to the geological conditions. Under normal pressure, workers can simply open the cutterhead to inspect and replace the cutters, a relatively simple and time-saving operation. However, when geological conditions are unstable, such as when there is high groundwater pressure or when there is a risk of collapse in weak strata, pressurization is necessary. Pressurization maintenance operations not only require additional time for pressurization and depressurization operations, but also require workers to adapt to the pressurized environment, which significantly prolongs maintenance time and increases operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] In summary, the existing shield tool operation and maintenance lacks a high-precision simulation system. Traditional methods are based on empirical formulas or static models of single geological conditions, which cannot fully reflect the dynamic interaction between tunneling and shutdown maintenance in complex construction environments. There are also deficiencies in the simulation of tool wear processes and the systematic analysis of construction parameters, resulting in a lack of scientific basis for construction efficiency and operation and maintenance costs. Especially under variable working conditions, the existing models cannot truly reflect the dynamic impact of geology, tunneling parameters and construction status on tool performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a shield cutter operation and maintenance simulation method and system to solve the problem that the existing technology is difficult to truly reflect the dynamic interaction between normal shield excavation and shutdown maintenance, as well as the cutter wear process and the complexity of maintenance operations. There is a lack of a high-precision simulation system for the entire shield construction process, which makes it impossible to fully simulate the dynamic interaction between normal excavation and shutdown maintenance stages, as well as the true reflection of the cutter wear process and the complexity of maintenance operations.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method and system.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method, which is implemented by a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system, wherein the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method includes: before the shield tool starts excavating, configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters to initialize the model layer; after the shield tool starts excavating, counting the number of excavation rings through the interaction layer, and when it is equal to the preset number of inspection rings, converting the shield machine to a shutdown state; processing the simulation parameters through a cutter wear behavior model to obtain several tool healths; processing the several tool healths through a cutter group multi-agent model to obtain the cutter group health; making operation and maintenance decisions based on the several tool healths and the cutter group healths through a shield tool maintenance hybrid model to obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan; continuing excavation after replacing the tool according to the tool operation and maintenance plan, and at the same time, the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero.

[0007] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system for executing a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method as described in the first aspect, wherein the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system includes: an initialization module, which is used to configure tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters to initialize the model layer before the shield tool starts to excavate; an interactive statistics module, which is used to count the number of excavation rings through the interactive layer after the shield tool starts to excavate, and when it is equal to the preset number of inspection rings, the shield machine is converted to a shutdown state; a simulation module An analysis module is used to process simulation parameters through a cutter wear behavior model to obtain a number of cutter healths; a cutter group analysis module is used to process the healths of the cutters through a cutter group multi-agent model to obtain the healths of the cutter group; an operation and maintenance decision module is used to make operation and maintenance decisions based on the healths of the cutters and the healths of the cutter group through a hybrid model of shield tool maintenance to obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan; an operation and maintenance execution module is used to continue excavation after replacing the cutter according to the tool operation and maintenance plan, and the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero.

[0008] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0009] The model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters before the shield cutter starts excavating; when the shield cutter starts excavating, the number of excavation rings is counted through the interactive layer, and when it is equal to the preset number of inspection rings, the shield machine is switched to a shutdown state; the simulation parameters are processed by the cutter wear behavior model to obtain several cutter healths; the cutter group multi-agent model is used to process the several cutter healths to obtain the cutter group health; the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model is used to make operation and maintenance decisions based on the several cutter healths and the cutter group healths to obtain a cutter operation and maintenance plan; the cutter is replaced according to the cutter operation and maintenance plan and excavation continues, and the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero. Specifically, before tunneling, the model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel, shield machine, geological, tunneling, and construction parameters. During tunneling, the interactive layer counts the number of tunneling cycles. When a preset value is reached, the shield machine is shut down and the cutter wear behavior model is used to process the parameters to determine the cutter health. Next, the cutter cluster multi-agent model processes the health of the cutter cluster. Furthermore, the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model makes operational and maintenance decisions based on this health and arrives at a plan. Finally, tunneling resumes after the cutter is replaced, resetting the number of cycles. A modular design, comprising an interactive layer and a model layer, is employed. The interactive layer allows for flexible input of simulation parameters, while the model layer integrates submodules such as the cutter wear behavior model, the cutter cluster multi-agent model, and the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model, providing strong scalability and adaptability. The cutter cluster multi-agent model is refined into scraper cluster, side cutter cluster, front cutter cluster, and center cutter cluster agents. Combined with the cutter wear behavior model, the cutter cluster multi-agent model defines the cutter cluster health, enabling dynamic monitoring of the overall cutter condition and determining maintenance opportunities. A hybrid shield cutter maintenance model based on system dynamics and discrete event simulation comprehensively simulates the dynamic changes in shield machine advancement, excavation, and maintenance shutdowns, providing high-precision dynamic simulation for complex construction processes. This application comprehensively assesses cutter wear, maintenance timing, construction efficiency, and operation and maintenance costs, adapting to diverse geological conditions and construction conditions. This provides scientific support for shield construction operation and maintenance decision-making, significantly improving the overall simulation accuracy, flexibility, and intelligence level of shield construction and maintenance.

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, which can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are specifically listed below. It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become easy to understand through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on the provided drawings without creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart of a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method for this application;

[0013] Figure 2 This application provides a fixed-ring tool maintenance strategy diagram for a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method;

[0014] Figure 3 The shield tool operation and maintenance simulation results of a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system for this application;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system for this application;

[0016] Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system for this application.

[0017] Description of reference numerals:

[0018] Initialization module 11, interactive statistics module 12, simulation analysis module 13, cutter group analysis module 14, operation and maintenance decision module 15, operation and maintenance execution module 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] This application provides a shield cutter operation and maintenance simulation method and system, which solves the problem that existing technologies have difficulty in truly reflecting the dynamic interaction between normal shield tunneling and downtime maintenance, as well as the cutter wear process and the complexity of maintenance operations. The lack of a high-precision simulation system for the entire shield construction process makes it impossible to fully simulate the dynamic interaction between normal tunneling and downtime maintenance, and to truly reflect the cutter wear process and the complexity of maintenance operations. This method achieves the technical goal of comprehensively evaluating cutter wear, maintenance timing, construction efficiency, and operation and maintenance costs, adapts to different geological conditions and construction conditions, provides scientific support for shield construction operation and maintenance decisions, and significantly improves the simulation accuracy, flexibility, and intelligence level of shield construction and maintenance.

[0020] Below, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to this application, rather than all of them, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0021] For example, see the attached Figure 1 The present application provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method, wherein the method is applied to a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system, and the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Step P10: before the shield cutter starts excavating, the model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters;

[0023] Specifically, in shield tunneling, rational maintenance planning and scientific construction management are crucial for improving tunneling efficiency and economic efficiency. Through a modular modeling approach, the complex construction process is broken down into independent submodules, enabling dynamic interaction. This, combined with real-time feedback on geological conditions, tunneling parameters, and construction status, significantly improves the simulation accuracy, flexibility, and intelligence of shield tunneling construction and maintenance.

[0024] Before the shield cutters begin tunneling, tunnel parameters must be configured, including key information such as tunnel length and ring length. For example, in a specific project, the tunnel length is set to 600 meters and the ring length is set to 2 meters. These parameters directly impact the subsequent number of tunneling rings and the setting of maintenance intervals. Next, shield machine parameters are configured, such as the diameter and the number of various cutter groups. For example, a typical shield machine might have a diameter of 15.8 meters, with 52 scraper groups, 12 side cutter groups, 58 front cutter groups, and 12 center cutter groups, respectively. Accurately configuring these parameters helps build a simulation model that matches the actual shield machine. Next, geological parameters are configured, with average uniaxial compressive strength being a key indicator, reflecting the extent to which geological conditions affect cutter wear. For example, in hard geological conditions, the average uniaxial compressive strength may reach 45 MPa, which will accelerate cutter wear and thus affect maintenance strategies. In addition, excavation parameters, such as cutterhead speed, must be configured. These are usually adjusted according to geological conditions and construction requirements, with a common setting of 1 r / min. Finally, construction parameters are configured, including normal excavation time and downtime for maintenance. Downtime for maintenance is further subdivided into preparation time, tool inspection time, tool change time, and post-processing time. The precise setting of these time parameters helps the simulation system comprehensively evaluate construction efficiency and costs. In a specific example, the cost associated with normal excavation time is set to a certain amount per hour, while the preparation process, tool inspection process, and post-processing process each have their own fixed costs. The configuration of these cost parameters makes the simulation results more economically valuable. Optionally, the above parameters can be further refined and adjusted according to the special requirements of the specific construction project to ensure that the simulation model can truly reflect the actual construction situation.

[0025] In summary, by configuring the tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters, and construction parameters in detail before excavation, accurate initialization of the model layer was achieved, providing the necessary data basis for subsequent simulation calculations and operation and maintenance decisions. Moreover, through the flexible setting of parameters, the characteristics and requirements of different construction projects were adapted, thus effectively solving the problem in existing technologies of models that did not reflect the actual construction process realistically, and achieving the technical effect of improving the scientific nature of shield construction operation and maintenance decisions.

[0026] Step P20: After the shield cutter starts excavating, the number of excavation rings is counted through the interactive layer. When it is equal to the preset inspection ring number, the shield machine is switched to the shutdown state;

[0027] Specifically, during shield tunneling, accurate monitoring and timely response to tunneling status are key factors in improving efficiency and reducing costs. By comparing tunneling cycles with pre-set inspection cycles through an interactive layer, automatic transitions between shield machine states are achieved, effectively triggering maintenance procedures and ensuring a scientifically sound construction process.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown in the diagram of the fixed-ring tool maintenance strategy, once the shield machine cutters begin excavation, the interactive layer first takes on the task of counting the number of excavation rings. This process is achieved by real-time monitoring of the shield machine's excavation progress. Each time a ring is completed, the system automatically records it, and the number of excavation rings increases accordingly. For example, in one construction project, the preset number of inspection rings is set to 10. When the number of excavation rings reaches this number, the system automatically triggers a series of response mechanisms. The system then accurately compares the current number of excavation rings with the preset inspection ring number. If the two values ​​are equal, it indicates that the pre-set inspection condition has been met, and the system immediately issues a command to switch the shield machine from normal excavation to shutdown mode. This automated and efficient transition process ensures that shield machine maintenance and inspections are performed at the appropriate time, avoiding excessive wear or even damage to the cutters caused by excessive excavation. Subsequently, while the shield machine is in shutdown mode, operators can follow the system prompts to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the cutter health. Pre-set tool change thresholds determine which cutters require replacement. For example, when the health of the tools is lower than the tool change threshold of 0.8, the system will clearly mark these tools as objects to be replaced. In addition, during this process, the system will also record the start time of the downtime maintenance, so as to accurately evaluate the maintenance time cost later. In a specific example, a maintenance operation took 10 hours from preparation to completion, including 2 hours of preparation time, 3 hours of tool inspection time, 4 hours of tool replacement time and 1 hour of post-processing time. These detailed time records provide strong data support for the analysis of construction efficiency. Finally, after completing the necessary inspection and replacement operations, the system will automatically reset the number of excavation rings to zero, and the shield machine will re-enter the normal excavation state and start a new round of excavation cycle.

[0029] In summary, by accurately counting and comparing the number of tunneling rings in the interactive layer, the shield machine can be automatically shut down for maintenance at the appropriate time, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in triggering the maintenance process in a timely and accurate manner in the existing technology.

[0030] Step P30: Processing simulation parameters through the hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool healths;

[0031] Specifically, during shield tunneling, accurately understanding the wear status of cutters is crucial for rationalizing maintenance plans, reducing construction costs, and improving efficiency. By processing simulation parameters using a cutter wear behavior model, we can obtain several cutter health indicators, providing critical data support for subsequent operation and maintenance decisions.

[0032] When a shield cutter begins tunneling, the cutter wear behavior model first receives simulation parameters from the interaction layer. These parameters include key information such as the average uniaxial compressive strength of the geological conditions and the cutterhead speed of the tunneling parameters. For example, in a certain construction project, the average uniaxial compressive strength of the geological parameters was 45 MPa, and the cutterhead speed was 1 r / min. Then, based on a system dynamics approach, the model comprehensively considers the causal relationships between factors such as thrust, torque, cutter speed, and the compressive strength of the geological conditions during tunneling to describe the wear behavior of individual cutters during tunneling. Specifically, the model establishes mathematical relationships between these influencing factors to simulate the wear progression of cutters under different operating conditions. Next, the model defines a cutter health metric and quantifies the cutter wear condition as a specific value, namely, the cutter health. Furthermore, the model calculates the health of each cutter in the scraper, side cutter, main cutter, and center cutter groups based on their specific position and force conditions, thereby obtaining a set of cutter health data. These data will provide the basis for subsequent calculation of the health of the cutting group and operation and maintenance decisions.

[0033] In summary, by processing the simulation parameters using the hob wear behavior model, the health of each tool can be accurately calculated, solving the problem of the existing technology that is difficult to accurately reflect the hob wear condition.

[0034] Step P40: Processing the health of the plurality of cutting tools through the cutter cluster multi-agent model to obtain the health of the cutter cluster;

[0035] Specifically, during shield tunneling, a comprehensive assessment of the cutter group's health is crucial for optimizing construction strategies and reducing operation and maintenance costs. By processing the health of multiple cutters using a multi-agent model, the cutter group's health is derived, providing more comprehensive and accurate data support for shield tunneling operation and maintenance decisions.

[0036] After the cutter wear behavior model calculates the health of several cutters, this data is fed into the cutter cluster multi-agent model for further processing. First, the model subdivides the cutter cluster into scraper cluster agents, side cutter cluster agents, front cutter cluster agents, and center cutter cluster agents, each corresponding to a different cutter cluster. For example, in a particular shield machine configuration, the scraper cluster has 52 cutters, the side cutter cluster has 12 cutters, the front cutter cluster has 58 cutters, and the center cutter cluster has 12 cutters. The model then calculates the health of the cutter cluster based on the health of each cutter, its importance on the cutterhead, and its contribution to the excavation area. Furthermore, the model monitors the health trend of the cutter cluster in real time. When the health falls below a set threshold, the system automatically triggers an early warning mechanism, notifying the operator that maintenance is required. In summary, the cutter cluster multi-agent model processes the health of several cutters, achieving a comprehensive assessment of the health of the cutter cluster.

[0037] Step P50: Using a shield tool maintenance hybrid model, an operation and maintenance decision is made based on the health of the plurality of tools and the health of the cutter group to obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan;

[0038] Specifically, during shield construction, scientific and rational operation and maintenance decisions are key to ensuring efficiency, controlling costs, and ensuring safety. Through a hybrid shield cutter maintenance model, intelligent operation and maintenance decisions are made based on the health of both the cutter and the cutter group. This results in precise and effective cutter operation and maintenance plans, enabling intelligent and refined shield construction operation and maintenance management.

[0039] After the cutter wear behavior model and the cutter cluster multi-agent model calculate several cutter health metrics and cutter cluster health metrics, respectively, these key data are input into the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model. First, based on system dynamics, the model comprehensively analyzes the impact of current cutter health on the entire shield tunneling process and constructs dynamic equations for the construction state. For example, the model considers the relationship between cutter health and shield tunneling speed, such as whether and to what extent tunneling speed is affected when cutter health deteriorates. Then, the model utilizes discrete event simulation to simulate specific events and state changes during different shield tunneling phases. For example, during normal tunneling, the model simulates the continuous wear of cutters. When a preset number of inspection cycles is reached, the model triggers a maintenance shutdown and simulates the various operations and time required for the maintenance process. Next, the model incorporates construction cost parameters, including time-related costs, material costs, and fixed costs, to accurately estimate the total cost under different operation and maintenance strategies. For example, the model calculates the cost of normal tunneling time, the cost of maintenance downtime, and the material cost of tool replacement, and summarizes and analyzes these costs. In addition, in a specific example, suppose that during a certain construction, based on the tool health and hob group health data, the model determines that some tools need to be replaced. The system will automatically determine the tool change order and the required tools based on the preset tool change logic, and at the same time estimate the time and cost required for this tool change operation, and incorporate it into the overall operation and maintenance plan.

[0040] In summary, through the hybrid model of shield cutter maintenance, intelligent operation and maintenance decisions are realized based on the health of the cutter and the health of the cutter group, which solves the problem of lack of accurate data support and intelligent analysis in operation and maintenance decisions in existing technologies, and achieves the technical effects of optimizing construction efficiency, reducing costs and improving construction safety.

[0041] Step P60: After replacing the tool according to the tool operation and maintenance plan, continue excavation, and the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero.

[0042] Specifically, during shield tunneling, implementing a scientific tool maintenance plan is crucial for ensuring continuity and economic efficiency. By accurately changing tools based on intelligently generated tool maintenance plans, seamless and efficient construction management is achieved.

[0043] like Figure 3The following figure shows the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation results of a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system of the present application. When the shield tool maintenance hybrid model outputs the tool operation and maintenance plan, the construction personnel will first strictly follow the tool replacement sequence and tool preparation requirements specified in the plan to perform the corresponding tool change preparation work. For example, in a specific project, according to the operation and maintenance plan, tools such as hoists, guide screws, disassembly screws, and wrenches need to be prepared and ensured to be in good condition to meet the requirements of the tool change operation. Then, according to the tool change logic in the plan, the operator will sequentially remove the tools that have reached the replacement threshold and accurately install the new tools in the corresponding tool holders, while tightening the tool fixing bolts to ensure the stability of the installation. In a specific example, assuming that the operation and maintenance plan indicates that 10 scrapers, 5 side rollers, and 8 main rollers need to be replaced, the construction personnel will replace them in order from top to bottom and from left to right to ensure the standardization and safety of the operation. Then, after completing the replacement operation of all tools, the system will automatically update the tool health information and reconfigure the excavation parameters to adapt to the new excavation conditions. Furthermore, the interactive layer resets the tunneling cycle count to zero, and the shield machine returns to normal tunneling mode, beginning a new tunneling cycle. Finally, the system records relevant data about the tool change operation, including tool change time, tool change cost, and the initial health of the new tool, providing detailed data support for subsequent construction analysis and cost control.

[0044] In summary, by strictly implementing the replacement instructions in the tool operation and maintenance plan, accurate tool replacement and construction continuity were achieved during shield construction, ensuring that the shield machine was always in good working condition. Detailed data recording and parameter updates also provided strong support for subsequent construction, effectively solving the problems of lack of scientific guidance and incomplete data recording in existing technologies for tool replacement operations, and achieving the technical effects of improving shield construction efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing the level of intelligent management.

[0045] Furthermore, the geological parameters include average uniaxial compressive strength; the tunnel parameters include tunnel length and length of each ring; the shield machine parameters include shield diameter and number of scraper groups; the excavation parameters include cutter head speed; the cutter group parameters include number of side cutter groups, number of front cutter groups and number of center cutter groups; the construction parameters include construction efficiency and construction cost, wherein construction efficiency includes normal excavation time and downtime for maintenance, downtime for maintenance includes preparation time, tool inspection time, tool replacement time and post-processing time, and construction cost includes time-related cost, material cost and fixed cost.

[0046] Specifically, the average uniaxial compressive strength (AUC) in geological parameters is a key indicator of rock hardness and directly impacts tool wear rate and construction efficiency. For example, in hard geology, the average uniaxial compressive strength can reach 45 MPa, which leads to accelerated tool wear and requires more frequent maintenance. Furthermore, the tunnel length and ring length in tunnel parameters determine the overall construction scale and the basic unit of excavation. For example, in a particular project, the tunnel length is 600 meters, and the ring length is 2 meters. This helps calculate the total number of excavation rings and maintenance intervals. Next, the shield machine parameters, such as the shield diameter and the number of scraper groups, determine the basic structure of the shield machine and the layout of the cutters. For example, a shield diameter of 15.8 meters and a scraper group of 52 ensure that the simulation model is compatible with the actual shield machine. Furthermore, the cutterhead speed in tunneling parameters is a key factor influencing excavation efficiency and tool stress. The cutterhead speed is typically set at 1 rpm, but this speed needs to be adjusted based on geological conditions and construction requirements. In addition, the cutter group parameters, including the number of side cutter groups, the number of front cutter groups, and the number of center cutter groups, further refine the classification and quantity of cutters, providing detailed structural information for subsequent health calculations and operation and maintenance decisions. For example, the number of side cutter groups is 12, the number of front cutter groups is 58, and the number of center cutter groups is 12. Finally, the construction parameters cover two aspects: construction efficiency and construction cost. Construction efficiency includes normal excavation time and downtime for maintenance. Downtime for maintenance is further divided into preparation time, tool inspection time, tool change time, and post-processing time. The precise setting of these time parameters helps the simulation system comprehensively evaluate construction efficiency. Construction costs include time-related costs, material costs, and fixed costs. The configuration of these cost parameters makes the simulation results more economically valuable.

[0047] In summary, through comprehensive and detailed parameter classification and configuration, all key links and elements in the shield construction process are covered, providing accurate data support for the establishment of simulation models and the formulation of operation and maintenance decisions, ensuring that the simulation system can truly reflect the actual construction situation, and effectively solving the problem of unrealistic reflection of the actual construction process by the model in existing technologies, achieving the technical effect of improving the scientific nature of shield construction operation and maintenance decisions.

[0048] Furthermore, the simulation parameters are processed by the hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool health indicators, including:

[0049] The simulation parameters include driving thrust, cutter head torque, cutter head speed and compressive strength;

[0050] Obtain the initial remaining life of the first tool;

[0051] Predicting the remaining life of the tool based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head speed, and the compressive strength, obtaining mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool, and intercepting the current mileage remaining life information from the mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool;

[0052] The tool health is calculated based on the current mileage remaining life information to obtain a first tool health, which is added to the plurality of tool healths.

[0053] Specifically, in shield tunneling, accurately predicting the remaining life of cutting tools and calculating their health is crucial for optimizing operational and maintenance decisions and reducing construction costs. By setting detailed simulation parameters and utilizing scientific prediction and calculation methods, dynamic monitoring and assessment of cutting tool health is achieved.

[0054] First, the simulation parameters include key data such as tunneling thrust, cutterhead torque, cutterhead speed, and compressive strength. These parameters are key factors influencing tool wear and life. For example, tunneling thrust reflects the force exerted by the shield machine to propel it forward, cutterhead torque reflects the resistance encountered during cutterhead rotation, and cutterhead speed directly affects the frequency of contact between the tool and the rock and soil. Compressive strength, a key geological parameter, measures the hardness of the rock and soil and the tool's cutting difficulty. The system then determines the initial remaining life of the first tool. This data is typically based on the tool's factory parameters and historical usage experience. For example, the initial remaining life of a new tool might be set at 25 mm. Next, based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, cutterhead torque, cutterhead speed, and compressive strength, the system applies a specific prediction algorithm to predict the tool's remaining life. By establishing a mathematical model that comprehensively considers the impact of these factors on tool wear, the system generates a mileage series of predicted remaining life for the first tool. This information, with tunneling mileage as the horizontal axis and remaining life as the vertical axis, shows the trend of tool remaining life over tunneling mileage. The remaining life information of the current mileage is intercepted from this information. For example, at a specific mileage, the remaining life of the tool is 20 mm. Finally, the tool health is calculated based on the remaining life information of the current mileage. The health calculation formula is: current remaining life divided by initial remaining life. In the above example, the health of the first tool is 0.8. This health value reflects the degree of wear of the tool. 0.8 means that the tool has used 20% of its life and has 80% of its life remaining. The system adds this health to the health of several tools to provide basic data for subsequent calculation of the health of the hob group and operation and maintenance decisions.

[0055] In summary, by scientifically setting simulation parameters, accurately predicting the remaining life of the tool, and calculating the tool health based on this, real-time monitoring and dynamic evaluation of the tool wear condition are achieved. This not only fully considers the various factors affecting tool life, but also provides reliable data support for subsequent operation and maintenance decisions in a quantitative manner, effectively solving the problem of accurate reflection of tool wear conditions in existing technologies, and achieving the technical effect of improving the scientific nature of shield construction operation and maintenance decisions.

[0056] Further, calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information to obtain a first tool health includes:

[0057] Construct the tool health calculation formula:

[0058] Where RUL represents the remaining service life of the hob, and WT represents the set wear threshold;

[0059] The current mileage remaining life information is input into the tool health calculation formula to obtain the first tool health.

[0060] Specifically, the model defines a hob health metric. In a specific example, assuming a hob's remaining life of 12.5 mm and a wear threshold of 25 mm, the calculated hob health is 0.5, indicating that the hob has used 50% of its life and has 50% remaining. Furthermore, the model calculates the health of each tool in the scraper, side, center, and center groups based on their specific position and force conditions, generating a comprehensive set of tool health data.

[0061] Furthermore, the remaining life of the tool is predicted based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head rotation speed, and the compressive strength to obtain mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool, including:

[0062] Based on the tool model and the shield machine model, a tool remaining life prediction model is matched, wherein the tool remaining life prediction model is generated by training multiple sets of data using a long short-term memory neural network, and any set of the multiple sets of data includes: the initial recorded life of the tool, the recorded torque of the cutterhead, the recorded speed of the cutterhead, the recorded compressive strength, and a label identifying the mileage sequence information of the tool remaining life that matches the tool model and the shield machine model;

[0063] The tool remaining life prediction model is used to generate the first tool predicted remaining life mileage sequence information based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head rotation speed and the compressive strength.

[0064] Specifically, in shield tunneling, accurately predicting the remaining life of cutting tools is crucial for rationalizing maintenance plans and reducing construction costs. By matching a specific remaining life prediction model with advanced long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural network technology, this technology enables efficient prediction of remaining tool life, providing intelligent support for shield tunneling operations and maintenance management.

[0065] When predicting the remaining life of a specific cutter model on a specific shield machine, a corresponding remaining life prediction model is first matched from a pre-built model library based on the cutter model and shield machine model. This model is trained using a long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural network using multiple data sets. Each training data set includes the initial recorded cutter life, cutterhead torque, cutterhead speed, and compressive strength for that cutter model and shield machine model, as well as a label identifying the mileage sequence of the tool's remaining life. For example, in a specific project, the training data covers cutter usage records under various geological conditions and construction conditions. The initial recorded cutter life is 25 mm, the cutterhead torque ranges from 1000 to 5000 N·m, the cutterhead speed ranges from 0.5 to 2 r / min, and the compressive strength ranges from 20 MPa to 60 MPa. The label accurately records the remaining life of the tool at each mileage. Then, current construction data, including the initial remaining life of the first cutter, cutterhead torque, cutterhead speed, and compressive strength, are input into the matched prediction model. The model uses a long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to perform deep learning and analysis on this data, generating a mileage sequence of predicted remaining tool life. This information, with mileage on the horizontal axis and remaining life on the vertical axis, details how the tool's remaining life changes over tunneling mileage. In one specific example, the model predicts that over the next 10 meters, the tool's remaining life will gradually decrease from 20 mm to 18 mm. This prediction provides construction personnel with an accurate maintenance window.

[0066] In summary, by matching the remaining tool life prediction model generated through long-short-term memory neural network training, we achieved accurate prediction of remaining tool life. Through the learning ability of the neural network, we captured the complex relationship between remaining tool life and construction parameters, providing a scientific basis for shield construction operation and maintenance decisions, and effectively addressing the problem of insufficient remaining tool life prediction accuracy in existing technologies.

[0067] Furthermore, the health of the plurality of cutting tools is processed by the multi-agent model of the cutting tool cluster to obtain the health of the cutting tool cluster, including:

[0068] Construct the cutter group health calculation formula:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] in, represents the weight coefficient of the i-th tool, N is the number of tool groups, is the health of the i-th knife, It represents the area of ​​the ring excavated by the i-th knife when the cutterhead rotates one circle, is the installation radius of the i-th tool, is the width of the i-th knife penetrating into the rock mass;

[0072] The health of the plurality of cutting tools is processed according to the cutter group health calculation formula to obtain the cutter group health.

[0073] Specifically, in a specific example, assuming that at a certain moment the average health of the scraper group is 0.6, the average health of the side hob group is 0.7, the average health of the front hob group is 0.5, and the average health of the center hob group is 0.8, then after calculating the respective weight coefficients, the health of the entire hob group is 0.65. This value directly reflects the overall health of the current tool group and provides a key basis for subsequent operation and maintenance decisions.

[0074] Furthermore, a shield tool maintenance hybrid model is used to make an operation and maintenance decision based on the health of the plurality of tools and the health of the cutter group, and obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan, including:

[0075] Analyze the shield tunneling speed according to the health of the cutter group to obtain the predicted shield tunneling speed;

[0076] When the predicted shield tunneling speed is less than or equal to the tunneling speed threshold, extracting tools whose tool health is less than or equal to the tool health threshold from the plurality of tools and adding them to the tools to be replaced;

[0077] Performing an operation and maintenance time cost analysis based on the tool to be replaced to obtain the tool replacement time cost;

[0078] Performing an operation and maintenance construction cost analysis based on the tool to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost to obtain the tool construction cost;

[0079] The tool to be replaced, the tool replacement time cost and the tool construction cost are added to the tool operation and maintenance plan.

[0080] Specifically, during shield tunneling, accurate analysis of tunneling speed and comprehensive assessment of cutter health are key to achieving efficient operations and maintenance. Shield tunneling speed analysis is conducted based on the health of the cutter group. Through a series of scientific assessments and calculations, this critical data is ultimately integrated into the cutter operation and maintenance plan, providing comprehensive support for construction decision-making.

[0081] After determining the health of the cutter group, the system first analyzes the shield tunneling speed based on this health. By developing a mathematical model that comprehensively considers the relationship between cutter group health and tunneling speed, the system derives a predicted shield tunneling speed. For example, in a certain construction project, when the cutter group health is 0.7, the model predicts a shield tunneling speed of 10 meters per hour. The system then compares the predicted shield tunneling speed with a preset tunneling speed threshold. If the predicted speed is less than or equal to the threshold, it indicates that the current cutter wear may affect normal tunneling efficiency and requires inspection and replacement. The system then selects cutters with health levels less than or equal to the cutter health threshold from a list of tools to be replaced. For example, if the cutter health threshold is set to 0.5, the system will select cutters with health levels less than or equal to 0.5 for replacement. In a specific example, 10 cutters with health levels below the threshold are recorded in detail and prepared for replacement. The system then analyzes the operation and maintenance time costs based on the number and type of cutters to be replaced, combined with the time cost data from the construction parameters, to determine the time cost of tool replacement. For example, replacing a scraper is estimated to take 2 hours, while replacing a side roller cutter takes 3 hours. Therefore, for the 10 tools to be replaced, the system will calculate the replacement time for each tool separately and summarize the total tool replacement time cost. Finally, the system analyzes the operation and maintenance construction costs based on the tools to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost, combined with the material cost and fixed cost in the construction cost, to obtain the tool construction cost. For example, the material cost of a scraper is 1,000 yuan per tool, and the side roller is 2,000 yuan per tool. Based on the number and type of tools to be replaced, the system will calculate the total material cost, add the time-related costs and fixed costs, and obtain the final tool construction cost. This key data is ultimately incorporated into the tool operation and maintenance plan, providing construction personnel with detailed maintenance guidance.

[0082] In summary, through shield tunneling speed analysis based on the health of the cutter group, as well as precise screening and cost assessment of the cutter health status, a comprehensive optimization of the cutter operation and maintenance plan was achieved. Not only was the impact of cutter wear on tunneling speed fully considered, but detailed time and cost analysis also provided a scientific basis for construction decision-making.

[0083] Furthermore, an operation and maintenance time cost analysis is performed based on the tool to be replaced to obtain the tool replacement time cost, including:

[0084] Construct tool inspection time analysis formula:

[0085]

[0086] in, is the inspection time of a single tool, n is the total number of tools on the cutter head, Inspection time for all tools;

[0087] Construct the tool installation time analysis formula:

[0088]

[0089] in, Characterizes the total tool installation time, The time for changing a single tool is is the number of tools that need to be replaced;

[0090] According to the tool inspection time analysis formula and the tool replacement time analysis formula, the tool to be replaced is processed to generate the tool replacement time cost.

[0091] Specifically, the tool inspection process involves inspecting all tools installed on the cutterhead and marking any tools that have reached a health threshold. The specific inspection process includes removing the lead screw and disassembly screw, using a hoist to lift the tool and toolholder out of the tool cavity, inspecting the tool wear, and constructing a tool inspection duration analysis formula to calculate the tool inspection duration. Furthermore, the tool replacement process involves removing all worn tools, installing new tools on the toolholder, tightening the tool fixing bolts, and installing the inner and outer cover plates. Accordingly, a tool installation duration analysis formula is constructed to calculate the tool installation duration. Based on the tool inspection duration analysis formula and the tool replacement duration analysis formula, the tool to be replaced is processed to generate the tool replacement time cost.

[0092] Furthermore, an operation and maintenance construction cost analysis is performed based on the tool to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost to obtain the tool construction cost, including:

[0093] Construct tool construction cost analysis formula:

[0094]

[0095] in, Characterize the total cost of tool construction, Normal excavation time, is the cost associated with normal excavation time, 、 and The fixed costs of the preparation process, tool inspection process and post-processing process are included. The tool replacement process involves time-related costs and material costs. The time-related cost is set as , material cost is set according to different types of tools .

[0096] Specifically, the subsequent processing includes the disassembly of various tools and the safe evacuation of construction workers from the cutterhead spokes, and the corresponding tool construction cost analysis formula is used to analyze the construction cost.

[0097] In summary, the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method provided by this application has the following technical effects:

[0098] The model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters before the shield cutter starts excavating; when the shield cutter starts excavating, the number of excavation rings is counted through the interactive layer, and when it is equal to the preset number of inspection rings, the shield machine is switched to a shutdown state; the simulation parameters are processed by the cutter wear behavior model to obtain several cutter healths; the cutter group multi-agent model is used to process the several cutter healths to obtain the cutter group health; the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model is used to make operation and maintenance decisions based on the several cutter healths and the cutter group healths to obtain a cutter operation and maintenance plan; the cutter is replaced according to the cutter operation and maintenance plan and excavation continues, and the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero. Specifically, before tunneling, the model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel, shield machine, geological, tunneling, and construction parameters. During tunneling, the interactive layer counts the number of tunneling cycles. When a preset value is reached, the shield machine is shut down and the cutter wear behavior model is used to process the parameters to determine the cutter health. Next, the cutter cluster multi-agent model processes the health of the cutter cluster. Furthermore, the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model makes operational and maintenance decisions based on this health and arrives at a plan. Finally, tunneling resumes after the cutter is replaced, resetting the number of cycles. A modular design, comprising an interactive layer and a model layer, is employed. The interactive layer allows for flexible input of simulation parameters, while the model layer integrates submodules such as the cutter wear behavior model, the cutter cluster multi-agent model, and the shield cutter maintenance hybrid model, providing strong scalability and adaptability. The cutter cluster multi-agent model is refined into scraper cluster, side cutter cluster, front cutter cluster, and center cutter cluster agents. Combined with the cutter wear behavior model, the cutter cluster multi-agent model defines the cutter cluster health, enabling dynamic monitoring of the overall cutter condition and determining maintenance opportunities. A hybrid shield cutter maintenance model based on system dynamics and discrete event simulation comprehensively simulates the dynamic changes in shield machine advancement, excavation, and maintenance shutdowns, providing high-precision dynamic simulation for complex construction processes. This application comprehensively assesses cutter wear, maintenance timing, construction efficiency, and operation and maintenance costs, adapting to diverse geological conditions and construction conditions. This provides scientific support for shield construction operation and maintenance decision-making, significantly improving the overall simulation accuracy, flexibility, and intelligence level of shield construction and maintenance.

[0099] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept as the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method in the above embodiment, this application also provides a shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system, please refer to the attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 5, the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system includes:

[0100] An initialization module 11 is used to configure tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters to initialize the model layer before the shield cutter starts excavation;

[0101] An interactive statistics module 12 is used to count the number of tunneling rings through the interactive layer after the shield cutter starts tunneling, and when the number of tunneling rings is equal to the preset inspection ring number, the shield machine is switched to a shutdown state;

[0102] A simulation analysis module 13 is used to process simulation parameters through a hob wear behavior model to obtain a number of tool health indicators;

[0103] a cutter cluster analysis module 14 for processing the health of the plurality of tools through a cutter cluster multi-agent model to obtain a cutter cluster health;

[0104] An operation and maintenance decision module 15 is configured to make an operation and maintenance decision based on the health of the plurality of tools and the health of the cutter group using a shield tool maintenance hybrid model, and obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan;

[0105] The operation and maintenance execution module 16 is used to continue excavation after replacing the tool according to the tool operation and maintenance plan, and at the same time, the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero.

[0106] Furthermore, the initialization module 11 in the system is also used for: the geological parameters include average uniaxial compressive strength; the tunnel parameters include tunnel length and length of each ring; the shield machine parameters include shield diameter and number of scraper groups; the excavation parameters include cutter head speed; the cutter group parameters include number of side cutter groups, number of front cutter groups and number of center cutter groups; the construction parameters include construction efficiency and construction cost, wherein construction efficiency includes normal excavation time and downtime for maintenance, downtime for maintenance includes preparation time, tool inspection time, tool replacement time and post-processing time, and construction cost includes time-related cost, material cost and fixed cost.

[0107] Furthermore, the simulation analysis module 13 in the system is also used for: the simulation parameters include excavation thrust, cutterhead torque, cutterhead speed and compressive strength; obtaining the initial remaining life of the first tool; predicting the remaining life of the tool based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutterhead torque, the cutterhead speed and the compressive strength, obtaining the first tool predicted remaining life mileage sequence information, intercepting the current mileage remaining life information from the first tool predicted remaining life mileage sequence information; calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information, obtaining the first tool health, and adding the several tool healths.

[0108] Furthermore, the simulation analysis module 13 in the system is further used to construct a tool health calculation formula: Wherein, RUL represents the remaining service life of the hob, and WT represents the set wear threshold; the current mileage remaining service life information is input into the tool health calculation formula to obtain the first tool health.

[0109] Furthermore, the simulation analysis module 13 in the system is also used to: match the tool remaining life prediction model based on the tool model and the shield machine model, wherein the tool remaining life prediction model is generated by training multiple sets of data using a long short-term memory neural network, and any set of the multiple sets of data includes: the tool initial recorded life, cutterhead recorded torque, cutterhead recorded speed, compressive strength and a label identifying the tool remaining life mileage sequence information that conforms to the tool model and the shield machine model; through the tool remaining life prediction model, the first tool initial remaining life, the cutterhead torque, the cutterhead speed and the compressive strength are used to generate the first tool predicted remaining life mileage sequence information.

[0110] Furthermore, the cutter group analysis module 14 in the system is further configured to construct a cutter group health calculation formula: , ,in, represents the weight coefficient of the i-th tool, N is the number of tool groups, is the health of the i-th knife, It represents the area of ​​the ring excavated by the i-th knife when the cutterhead rotates one circle, is the installation radius of the i-th tool, is the width of the i-th cutter penetrating into the rock mass; according to the cutter group health calculation formula, the health of the plurality of cutters is processed to obtain the cutter group health.

[0111] Furthermore, the operation and maintenance decision module 15 in the system is also used to: perform shield tunneling speed analysis based on the health of the cutter group to obtain a predicted shield tunneling speed; when the predicted shield tunneling speed is less than or equal to the tunneling speed threshold, extract the tools whose health is less than or equal to the tool health threshold from the several tools, and add them to the tools to be replaced; perform operation and maintenance time cost analysis based on the tools to be replaced to obtain the tool replacement time cost; perform operation and maintenance construction cost analysis based on the tools to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost to obtain the tool construction cost; and add the tools to be replaced, the tool replacement time cost and the tool construction cost to the tool operation and maintenance plan.

[0112] Furthermore, the operation and maintenance decision module 15 in the system is further configured to construct a tool inspection time analysis formula: ,in, is the inspection time of a single tool, n is the total number of tools on the cutter head, is the inspection time of all tools; construct the tool installation time analysis formula: ,in Characterizes the total tool installation time, The time for changing a single tool is is the number of tools that need to be replaced; according to the tool inspection time analysis formula and the tool replacement time analysis formula, the tools to be replaced are processed to generate the tool replacement time cost.

[0113] Furthermore, the operation and maintenance decision module 15 in the system is further used to construct a tool construction cost analysis formula:

[0114] ,in, Characterize the total cost of tool construction, Normal excavation time, is the cost associated with normal excavation time, 、 and The fixed costs of the preparation process, tool inspection process and post-processing process are included. The tool replacement process involves time-related costs and material costs. The time-related cost is set as , material cost is set according to different types of tools .

[0115] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. Figure 1 The shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method and specific examples in Example 1 are also applicable to the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system of this embodiment. Through the above detailed description of the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system of this embodiment. Therefore, for the sake of brevity of the specification, it will not be described in detail here. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple. For relevant details, please refer to the method description.

[0116] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A shield tool operation and maintenance simulation method, characterized in that: Applied to the shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system, the system includes an interaction layer and a model layer. The model layer includes a hob wear behavior model, a hob group multi-agent model, and a shield tool maintenance hybrid model, including: Before the shield cutter starts to excavate, the model layer is initialized by configuring tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters; When the shield cutter starts to excavate, the number of excavation rings is counted through the interactive layer. When it is equal to the preset inspection ring number, the shield machine is switched to the shutdown state; The simulation parameters are processed by the hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool health indicators; Processing the health of the plurality of cutting tools through a multi-agent model of a cutting group to obtain a health of the cutting group; Through the shield tool maintenance hybrid model, an operation and maintenance decision is made based on the health of the plurality of tools and the health of the hob cutter group to obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan; After replacing the tool according to the tool maintenance plan, continue tunneling and count the tunneling rings again from zero; The simulation parameters are processed by the hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool health indicators, including: The simulation parameters include driving thrust, cutter head torque, cutter head speed and compressive strength; Obtain the initial remaining life of the first tool; Predicting the remaining life of the tool based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head speed, and the compressive strength, obtaining mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool, and intercepting the current mileage remaining life information from the mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool; Calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information to obtain a first tool health, and adding the first tool health to the plurality of tool healths; The step of calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information to obtain the first tool health includes: Construct the tool health calculation formula: ; Where RUL represents the remaining service life of the hob, and WT represents the set wear threshold; The current mileage remaining life information is input into the tool health calculation formula to obtain the first tool health.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The geological parameters include average uniaxial compressive strength; the tunnel parameters include tunnel length and length of each ring; the shield machine parameters include shield diameter, number of scraper groups, number of side roller groups, number of straight roller groups and number of center roller groups; the excavation parameters include cutter head speed; the construction parameters include construction efficiency and construction cost, among which construction efficiency includes normal excavation time and downtime for maintenance, downtime for maintenance includes preparation time, tool inspection time, tool replacement time and post-processing time, and construction cost includes time-related cost, material cost and fixed cost.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The remaining life of the tool is predicted based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head rotation speed, and the compressive strength to obtain mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool, including: Based on the tool model and the shield machine model, a tool remaining life prediction model is matched, wherein the tool remaining life prediction model is generated by training multiple sets of data using a long short-term memory neural network, and any set of the multiple sets of data includes: the initial recorded life of the tool, the recorded torque of the cutterhead, the recorded speed of the cutterhead, the recorded compressive strength, and a label identifying the mileage sequence information of the tool remaining life that matches the tool model and the shield machine model; The tool remaining life prediction model is used to generate the first tool predicted remaining life mileage sequence information based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head rotation speed and the compressive strength.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Processing the health of the plurality of tools through the multi-agent model of the cutting tool cluster to obtain the health of the cutting tool cluster includes: Construct the cutter group health calculation formula: ； ； in, represents the weight coefficient of the i-th tool, N is the number of tool groups, is the health of the i-th knife, It represents the area of ​​the ring excavated by the i-th knife when the cutterhead rotates one circle, is the installation radius of the i-th tool, is the width of the i-th knife penetrating into the rock mass; The health of the plurality of cutting tools is processed according to the cutter group health calculation formula to obtain the cutter group health.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein Through the shield tool maintenance hybrid model, an operation and maintenance decision is made based on the health of the multiple tools and the health of the hob cutter group, and a tool operation and maintenance plan is obtained, including: Analyze the shield tunneling speed according to the health of the cutter group to obtain the predicted shield tunneling speed; When the predicted shield tunneling speed is less than or equal to the tunneling speed threshold, extracting tools whose tool health is less than or equal to the tool health threshold from the plurality of tools and adding them to the tools to be replaced; Performing an operation and maintenance time cost analysis based on the tool to be replaced to obtain the tool replacement time cost; Performing an operation and maintenance construction cost analysis based on the tool to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost to obtain the tool construction cost; The tool to be replaced, the tool replacement time cost and the tool construction cost are added to the tool operation and maintenance plan.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein An operation and maintenance time cost analysis is performed based on the tool to be replaced to obtain the tool replacement time cost, including: Construct tool inspection time analysis formula: ； in, is the inspection time of a single tool, n is the total number of tools on the cutter head, Inspection time for all tools; Construct the tool installation time analysis formula: ； in Characterizes the total tool installation time, The time for changing a single tool is is the number of tools that need to be replaced; According to the tool inspection time analysis formula and the tool replacement time analysis formula, the tool to be replaced is processed to generate the tool replacement time cost.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein An operation and maintenance construction cost analysis is performed based on the tool to be replaced and the tool replacement time cost to obtain the tool construction cost, including: Construct tool construction cost analysis formula: ； in, Characterize the total cost of tool construction, Normal excavation time, is the cost associated with normal excavation time, 、 and The fixed costs of the preparation process, tool inspection process and post-processing process are included. The tool replacement process involves time-related costs and material costs. The time-related cost is set as , material cost is set according to different types of tools .

8. A shield tool operation and maintenance simulation system, characterized in that: The system is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the system comprising an interaction layer and a model layer, the model layer comprising a hob wear behavior model, a hob group multi-agent model, and a shield tool maintenance hybrid model, including: An initialization module, which is used to configure tunnel parameters, shield machine parameters, geological parameters, excavation parameters and construction parameters to initialize the model layer before the shield cutter starts excavation; The interactive statistics module is used to count the number of tunneling rings through the interactive layer after the shield cutter starts tunneling. When the number of tunneling rings is equal to the preset check number, the shield machine is switched to the shutdown state; A simulation analysis module is used to process simulation parameters through a hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool health indicators; a cutter cluster analysis module, configured to process the health of the plurality of tools through a cutter cluster multi-agent model to obtain the health of the cutter cluster; An operation and maintenance decision module, which is used to make an operation and maintenance decision based on the health of the plurality of tools and the health of the hob cutter group through a shield tool maintenance hybrid model, and obtain a tool operation and maintenance plan; An operation and maintenance execution module, which is used to continue excavation after replacing the tool according to the tool operation and maintenance plan, and at the same time, the number of excavation rings is counted again from zero; The simulation parameters are processed by the hob wear behavior model to obtain several tool health indicators, including: The simulation parameters include driving thrust, cutter head torque, cutter head speed and compressive strength; Obtain the initial remaining life of the first tool; Predicting the remaining life of the tool based on the initial remaining life of the first tool, the cutter head torque, the cutter head speed, and the compressive strength, obtaining mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool, and intercepting the current mileage remaining life information from the mileage sequence information of the predicted remaining life of the first tool; Calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information to obtain a first tool health, and adding the first tool health to the plurality of tool healths; The step of calculating the tool health according to the current mileage remaining life information to obtain the first tool health includes: Construct the tool health calculation formula: ; Where RUL represents the remaining service life of the hob, and WT represents the set wear threshold; The current mileage remaining life information is input into the tool health calculation formula to obtain the first tool health.

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