Repair method for green production and improvement of severe soda type saline-alkali soil dry land

Abstract

The invention provides a restoration method for green production and improvement of severe soda type saline-alkali soil dry land, and belongs to the technical field of cosmetics. Comprising the following steps: 1) constructing a straw salt elimination and carbon sequestration three-dimensional grid system according to the characteristics of water and salt transportation; 2) spraying an acidic organic water-soluble alkali reducing agent and an acidic gypsum modifier on the surface soil of the saline-alkali land; 3) applying a bio-organic fertilizer; 4, single-ridge double-row planting is conducted, drip irrigation belts are laid on ridges, and acid organic water-soluble fertilizer is applied through the high-frequency small-amount drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated technology; and 5) applying a growth-promoting biological agent. According to the method, materials are environmentally friendly, secondary environment risks are avoided, the pH value of the soil can be rapidly and effectively reduced, the granular structure content of the soil is increased, and the physicochemical indexes such as porosity and water and air permeability of the saline-alkali soil are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cosmetics, and in particular to a green production and improvement method for repairing severe soda-type saline-alkali dry land. Background Art

[0002] According to incomplete statistics from UNESCO and FAO, the global saline-alkali land area reaches 955 million hm2. 2 The total area of ​​saline-alkali land in my country is about 99.14 million hm2. 2 , ranking third in the world. Saline-alkali soil is mainly sticky and poorly breathable when wet; hard and poorly permeable when dry. In severe cases, salt substances will seep out of the surface, directly causing seeds to fail to germinate. Even if they germinate, the plants will wither and die in the later stages of growth. On the one hand, soil salinization makes it impossible to effectively utilize a large area of ​​land, seriously affecting agricultural production and the improvement of farmers' living standards; on the other hand, if the existing large areas of saline-alkali land can be effectively utilized, it will greatly expand the reserve area of ​​arable land in my country and ensure national food security.

[0003] Gypsum is currently the most effective and stable chemical substance for improving soda saline-alkali land. Its improvement mechanism is to use the divalent calcium ions in gypsum to replace the sodium ions on the saline-alkali soil colloid and enter the soil solution, and then wash it with rainwater or irrigation water to reduce the sodium ion content in the soil and the soil pH value, so that the soil alkalinity is reduced, the soil forms a clear aggregate structure, the soil permeability increases, and the bulk density decreases, which is conducive to the rooting of crop systems and the vertical movement of water, effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and achieving the dual goals of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of seasonal crops. In addition, gypsum raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain.

[0004] At present, most of the gypsum used for saline-alkali land improvement is desulfurized gypsum. Its biggest disadvantage is that it is alkaline. Although it can replace the sodium ions on the soil colloid, it cannot neutralize the OH in the saline-alkali soil. - The number of times of salt removal and alkali washing and the amount of water used are much greater than those of acidic improvers. In addition, the composition of desulfurized gypsum is affected by coal, limestone and production process. The product composition is complex and changeable, and large-scale application may pose a risk of heavy metal dissolution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a green production and improvement method for the restoration of severe soda-type saline-alkali dry land. The method is environmentally friendly and has no secondary environmental risks. It can quickly and effectively reduce the soil pH value, increase the soil's aggregate structure content, porosity, water permeability and other saline-alkali soil physical and chemical indicators, all of which are significantly improved.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0007] The present invention provides a green production and improvement method for repairing severe soda-type saline-alkali dry land, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Open a salt drainage ditch with a depth of more than 60 cm every 100-200 meters in the field grid. Grid-type salt drainage culverts with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 25-30 cm are built every 20-40 meters in parallel and perpendicular directions between the two salt drainage culverts. The culverts are backfilled with straw and then covered with soil to form a grid-type salt drainage culvert network. The salt drainage culverts are connected with open ditches, agricultural ditches, and ditches to build a three-dimensional grid system for straw drainage and carbon fixation;

[0009] 2) Spray acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent on the surface soil of saline-alkali land, and apply acidic gypsum modifier according to pH; gypsum modifier is applied to the soil to dissolve Ca 2+ Can replace Na in soil colloids + , use rainwater and irrigation water to wash away salt and alkali.

[0010] 3) Apply biological organic fertilizer, use shallow turning and deep loosening plow for shallow turning and deep loosening, shallow turning depth of about 20 cm, deep loosening depth of 30-40 cm, use heavy rake to rake the soil into smaller pieces after deep loosening, and then use rotary tiller to break the soil and level the land; when straw organic fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil, it can increase soil organic matter, improve soil water and fertilizer retention and soil acid-base buffering properties, improve soil physical structure, and increase soil permeability and air permeability. The thickness of the soil layer in saline-alkali wasteland is low, generally less than 30 cm. Shallow turning and deep loosening plow should be used for shallow turning of about 20 cm and deep loosening of 30-40 cm to ensure that the raw soil cannot be turned over the surface. Use heavy rake to rake the valve block into smaller pieces. If the soil is more caking, increase the number of rake operations and make the surface rake flat. Use rotary tiller to break the soil and level the land, and further cut and break the soil in the 0-18 cm tillage layer on the surface.

[0011] 4) Single ridge and double row planting and laying drip irrigation tapes on the ridges. According to the fertilizer requirements of crops in different growth stages, acidic organic water-soluble fertilizers are applied by drip irrigation. Single ridge and double row planting and laying drip irrigation tapes on the ridges, optimize the drip irrigation laying mode and adopt single row and single drip irrigation to maintain appropriate root zone alkalinity and reasonable nutrient supply of crops, creating a good soil environment for normal growth of crops.

[0012] 5) Apply growth-promoting biological agents. Promote the growth of crop lateral roots and root hairs, improve the crop's ability to absorb water and nutrients, increase the abundance of soil microorganisms, build a good rhizosphere microecology, help crops resist saline-alkali stress, and promote crop growth and development.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent in step 2) is an acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent with citric acid and amino acids as main components and acid-base buffering capacity, with a pH value of 2.0-3.0, a hydrogen ion concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol / L after complete ionization, and an application amount of 30-300 kg / mu.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the acidic gypsum modifier in step 2) is an acidic gypsum modifier with citric acid gypsum, biochar and small molecule organic acid as main raw materials, and the application amount is 1-4 tons / mu.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bio-organic fertilizer in step 3) is a bio-organic fertilizer produced from straw source or with straw as the main raw material, with a pH value of 3.0-5.0, an organic matter content of ≥220g / L, and an amount of 1-3 tons per mu.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer in step 4) is an acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer with acid-base buffering capacity, and the dosage per mu is 50-100 kg during the whole growth period, and no more than 20 kg / mu each time.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the growth-promoting biological agent in step 5) is a growth-promoting biological agent of a composite microbial fertilizer with Trichoderma as the main component, and the dosage per mu is 10 kg.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 1), the gridded salt drainage ditch is backfilled with 30-40 cm of straw and covered with 25-35 cm of original soil.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention applies organic acid improvers with acid-base buffering capacity and acidic gypsum improvers, combined with a three-dimensional grid system for straw salt removal and carbon fixation and a single-row single-drip irrigation intelligent water-fertilizer integration technology. -The combination of soil improvement and salt removal from the root zone of crops in the current season has achieved simultaneous improvement and utilization, and synergistic efficiency. That is, the application of mature compost mainly from straw as base fertilizer can efficiently and effectively improve the organic matter and soil fertility of saline-alkali land. The intelligent water-fertilizer integrated system is combined with the three-dimensional grid system of straw salt removal and carbon fixation to achieve irrigation and drainage coordination and rapid alkali reduction and desalination. During the planting stage, acidic improvers, Trichoderma and other root-promoting biological agents are continuously applied to maintain a good rhizosphere microecology during the plant growth period. At the same time, combined with the single-row single-drip irrigation intelligent water-fertilizer integrated technology, the salinity level in the root zone is effectively reduced to ensure the healthy growth of crops. Through the coordinated management of the above multiple technologies, the efficient and comprehensive improvement and utilization of soda saline-alkali land can be quickly achieved. This method is environmentally friendly and has no secondary environmental risks. It can quickly and effectively reduce the soil pH value, increase the soil aggregate structure content, porosity, water permeability and air permeability, and other saline-alkali soil physical and chemical indicators are significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] Implementation location: Jinbianhu Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province, Horse Farm, Third Division. Implementation area: 30 hectares

[0024] (1) A 65 cm deep salt drainage ditch is opened every 100 meters in the field grid. A 65 cm deep grid salt drainage ditch is built every 30 meters horizontally and vertically between the two salt drainage ditches (the salt drainage ditch is 25 cm wide, backfilled with straw, with a backfill depth of 30 cm, and covered with soil for another 30 cm on the straw). The salt drainage ditch is connected with the salt drainage ditch, agricultural canal, and ditch to construct a three-dimensional grid straw salt drainage and carbon fixation system.

[0025] (2) After backfilling the gridded salt drainage ditch, apply 1.2 tons / hectare of acidic organic water-soluble alkali-reducing agent and 60 tons / hectare of acidic gypsum-based improver.

[0026] (3) Apply 30 tons / hectare of decomposed organic fertilizer with straw as the main raw material.

[0027] (4) After applying the above-mentioned acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent, acidic gypsum-based improver and decomposed organic fertilizer, deep plowing, harrowing and rotary tillage are carried out to evenly mix the improved materials with the soil.

[0028] (5) Sugar beets were sown using paper tube transplanting, planted in double rows on 40-80 cm ridges and two rows of drip irrigation tapes were laid on the ridges to achieve single seedling tape single drip irrigation. Immediately after sugar beets were transplanted, 150 kg / ha of compound microbial fertilizer was applied.

[0029] (6) Apply 225 kg / ha of acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer during each irrigation, and a total of 1125 kg / ha during the entire growth period.

[0030] Improvement effect: Before improvement, the soil pH value was 9.15-10.19, the total salt content was 0.49%-0.72%, and the organic matter was 0.71%-0.98%; in the first year of improvement, the soil pH value dropped to 8.48-9.31, the total salt content dropped to 0.41-0.55%, and the organic matter increased to 1.23%-1.84%. According to actual yield measurement, the sugar beet yield in the first year of improvement was 41.6 tons / hm 2 .

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Implementation location: Jinbianhu Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Implementation area: 80 hectares.

[0033] (1) A 65 cm deep salt drainage ditch is opened every 150 meters in the field grid. A 60 cm deep grid salt drainage ditch is built every 40 meters horizontally and vertically between the two salt drainage ditches (the salt drainage ditch is 25 cm wide, backfilled with straw, with a backfill depth of 30 cm, and covered with soil for another 30 cm on the straw). The salt drainage ditch is connected with the salt drainage ditch, agricultural canal, and ditch to construct a three-dimensional grid straw salt drainage and carbon fixation system.

[0034] (2) After backfilling the gridded salt drainage ditch, 0.9 tons / hectare of acidic organic water-soluble alkali reducer and 60 tons / hectare of acidic gypsum improver were applied.

[0035] (3) Apply 30 tons / hectare of decomposed organic fertilizer with straw as the main raw material.

[0036] (4) After applying the above-mentioned acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent, acidic gypsum-based improver and decomposed organic fertilizer, deep plowing, harrowing and rotary tillage are carried out to evenly mix the improved materials with the soil.

[0037] (5) When sowing, use an air-suction no-till seeder to sow corn, plant in two rows on a 40-80 cm ridge and lay two rows of drip irrigation tapes on the ridges to achieve single seedling tape and single drip irrigation. Apply 150 kg / ha of compound microbial fertilizer when corn is in the 3-leaf stage.

[0038] (6) Apply 150 kg / ha of acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer during each irrigation at the seedling stage, seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling-silking stage, and grain filling stage, and a total of 750 kg / ha should be applied during the entire growth period.

[0039] Improvement effect: Before improvement, soil pH was 9.36-10.19, total salt content was 0.53%-0.66%, and organic matter was 0.75%-0.96%; in the second year of improvement, soil pH was reduced to 7.82-9.17, total salt content was reduced to 0.43-0.51%, and organic matter increased to 1.59%-2.05%. According to actual yield measurement, corn yield in the second year of improvement was 7622kg / hm 2 .

[0040] Example 3

[0041] Implementation location: Jinlongshan Village, Jinbianhu Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Implementation area: 15 hectares.

[0042] (1) A 65 cm deep salt drainage ditch is opened every 100 meters in the field grid. A 60 cm deep grid salt drainage ditch is built every 40 meters horizontally and vertically between the two salt drainage ditches (the salt drainage ditch is 25 cm wide, backfilled with straw, with a backfill depth of 30 cm, and covered with soil for another 30 cm on the straw). The salt drainage ditch is connected with the salt drainage ditch, agricultural canal, and ditch to construct a three-dimensional grid straw salt drainage and carbon fixation system.

[0043] (2) After backfilling the gridded salt drainage ditch, apply 1.05 tons / hectare of acidic organic water-soluble alkali reducer and 45 tons / hectare of acidic gypsum improver.

[0044] (3) Apply 30 tons / hectare of decomposed organic fertilizer with straw as the main raw material.

[0045] (4) After applying the above-mentioned acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent, acidic gypsum-based improver and decomposed organic fertilizer, deep plowing, harrowing and rotary tillage are carried out to evenly mix the improved materials with the soil.

[0046] (5) When sowing, use an air-suction no-till seeder to sow corn, plant in two rows on a 40-80 cm ridge and lay two rows of drip irrigation tapes on the ridges to achieve single seedling tape and single drip irrigation. Apply 150 kg / ha of compound microbial fertilizer when corn is in the 3-leaf stage.

[0047] (6) Apply 150 kg / ha of acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer during each irrigation at the seedling stage, seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling-silking stage, and grain filling stage, and a total of 750 kg / ha should be applied during the entire growth period.

[0048] Improvement effect: Before improvement, soil pH was 9.48-10.47, total salt content was 0.37%-0.68%, and organic matter was 0.68%-0.85%; in the second year of improvement, soil pH was reduced to 8.21-8.96, total salt content was reduced to 0.32-0.44%, and organic matter increased to 1.47%-2.14%. According to actual yield measurement, corn yield in the second year of improvement was 8607kg / hm 2 .

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green production and improvement method for the restoration of severe soda-type saline-alkali dry land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Open a salt drainage ditch with a depth of more than 60 cm every 100-200 meters in the field grid. Grid-type salt drainage culverts with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 25-30 cm are built every 20-40 meters in parallel and perpendicular directions between the two salt drainage culverts. The culverts are backfilled with straw and then covered with soil to form a grid-type salt drainage culvert network. The salt drainage culverts are connected with open ditches, agricultural ditches, and ditches to build a three-dimensional grid system for straw drainage and carbon fixation; 2) Spray acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent on the surface soil of saline-alkali land and apply acidic gypsum improver according to pH; 3) Apply biological organic fertilizer, use shallow turning and deep tillage plow for shallow turning and deep tillage, the shallow turning depth is about 20 cm, and the deep tillage depth is 30-40 cm. After deep tillage, use a heavy harrow to harrow the soil into smaller pieces, and then use a rotary tiller to break the soil and level the land; 4) Planting in two rows on a single ridge and laying drip irrigation belts on the ridges. Apply acidic organic water-soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation according to the fertilizer requirements of crops at different growth stages; 5) Apply growth-promoting biological agents.

2. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent in step 2) is an acidic organic water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent with citric acid and amino acid as main components and acid-base buffering capacity, with a pH value of 2.0-3.0, a hydrogen ion concentration of 2.0-4.0 mol / L after complete ionization, and an application amount of 30-300 kg / mu.

3. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic gypsum modifier in step 2) is an acidic gypsum modifier with citric acid gypsum, biochar and small molecule organic acid as main raw materials, and the application amount is 1-4 tons / mu.

4. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-organic fertilizer in step 3) is a bio-organic fertilizer produced by composting straw as a source or using straw as a main raw material, with a pH value of 3.0-5.0, an organic matter content of ≥220g / L, and a dosage of 1-3 tons per mu.

5. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer in step 4) is an acidic organic water-soluble fertilizer with acid-base buffering capacity, with a dosage of 50-100 kg per mu during the whole growth period, and no more than 20 kg / mu each time.

6. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth-promoting biological agent in step 5) is a growth-promoting biological agent of a composite microbial fertilizer with Trichoderma as the main component, and the dosage per mu is 10 kg.

7. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the gridded salt drainage ditch is backfilled with 30-40 cm of straw and covered with 25-35 cm of original soil.