Whole-course green rapid improvement method for severe soda saline-alkali paddy field

Abstract

The invention provides a whole-course green rapid improvement method for a severe soda saline-alkali paddy field, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The method is suitable for paddy field improvement of severe soda saline-alkali soil with 0-20 cm surface soil layer alkalization degree of more than 20%, and is characterized in that the whole process is green and rapid. The rapid improvement method for the soda saline-alkali soil paddy field is different from a traditional pure solid improvement mode, a solid-liquid combined whole-growth-period comprehensive improvement technology is adopted, and the production technical problems that solid improvement is low in uniformity and poor in pertinence are solved. The pH value of soda saline-alkali paddy field soil and water is rapidly reduced, salt in the soil is rapidly dissolved, the effect of rapid salt and alkali removal is achieved through field steeping and salt leaching measures, and meanwhile nutrient loss in the salt and alkali removal process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a full-process green and rapid improvement method for a heavy soda saline-alkali paddy field. Background Art

[0002] The western part of Jilin Province is one of the three largest concentrated distribution areas of soda saline-alkali land in the world. It has high pH value, high sodium ion concentration, high carbonate content, and heavy soil texture. It tends to become sticky when wet and hardens when dry, resulting in serious soil compaction and poor permeability. The humus in the soil is easily leached, further destroying the soil structure. Due to its complex chemical composition and physical properties, the improvement of soda saline-alkali land is very difficult and the effect is poor.

[0003] Developing saline-alkali land to grow rice is an important way to achieve efficient utilization of saline-alkali land resources, and it has the dual role of restoring ecology and developing ecological economy. Songnen Plain is a typical concentrated distribution area of ​​soda saline-alkali land in my country, with poor soil, strong alkalinity and great difficulty in improvement. A large number of practices have proved that rice planting improvement is one of the effective measures for improving soda saline-alkali land. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a green and rapid improvement method for heavy soda saline-alkali paddy fields, which adopts a comprehensive improvement technology for the whole growth period combining solid and liquid, and makes up for the production technology problems of low uniformity and poor pertinence of solid improvement. It can achieve rapid reduction of the pH value of the soil and water in the soda saline-alkali paddy fields, accelerate the dissolution of salt in the soil, achieve rapid desalination and alkali removal effects through field soaking and salt washing measures, and reduce nutrient loss in the process of salt removal and alkali washing.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0006] The present invention provides a green and rapid method for improving a heavy soda saline-alkali paddy field, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Fine land preparation: Use satellite positioning land leveling equipment or laser land leveling machine to level the field surface, cut high and fill low, and control the height difference within 3cm; the area of ​​each field grid should not exceed 6000m2;

[0008] S2. Application of gypsum modifier: Combine paddy field tillage with application of gypsum modifier at a tillage depth of 15-20cm;

[0009] S3. Apply straw-derived organic fertilizer: Before spring tillage, apply straw-derived organic fertilizer according to the different salinity of the soil, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil evenly to a depth of 10-15 cm;

[0010] S4. Rapid salt and alkali removal: After completing the above measures, combine the watering and harrowing operations, apply citric acid water-soluble alkali-reducing agent according to the different salinity of the soil, maintain a 10cm water layer on the field surface, and drain the field after soaking for 2-3 days;

[0011] S5. Construction of functional bacterial flora: Apply compound microbial agents before transplanting to promote the root development of rice seedlings and improve their resistance to cold and salinity;

[0012] S6. Management of water layers for alkali elimination and salt control throughout the process: Based on the salt-alkali resistance of rice in different growth stages and the technical requirements for saline-alkali land water layer management, apply appropriate amounts of organic acidic water-soluble fertilizers during irrigation to achieve alkali elimination and salt control throughout the process.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the application amount of the gypsum modifier in step S2 is 40-60 t / hm 2 The main component of the gypsum modifier is citric acid gypsum, in which the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than 90%, the pH is less than 6.0, and the hygiene indicators meet the requirements of the national standard "Food Additive Calcium Sulfate" GB 1886.6-2016.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the application amount of the straw-derived organic fertilizer in step S3 is 15-60 t / hm 2 The straw-derived organic fertilizer is an acidic biological organic fertilizer or farmyard manure derived from straw or produced by composting straw as the main raw material, and its pH value is less than 7.0.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the application amount of the citric acid water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent in step S4 is 1-2 t / hm 2 , applied in 1-2 times, the citric acid water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent is made of organic acid produced by microbial fermentation, and the total acid content calculated as monohydrate citric acid is 15-25%.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the organic acid produced by the microbial fermentation is selected from at least one of citric acid fermentation broth, amino acid fermentation broth and lactic acid fermentation broth.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the application amount of the composite microbial agent in step S5 is 50-100 kg / hm 2 The composite microbial agent is composed of a mixture of functional microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and Microbacterium flavum, and the effective live bacteria count is ≥ 500 million cfu / g.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer in step S6 is applied at a rate of no more than 300 kg / hm2 each time. 2The dosage per hectare during the whole growth period shall not exceed 1500kg. The organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer is composed of weakly acidic organic acid and has a pH value of 3.0-5.0.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The rapid improvement method of soda saline-alkali paddy field of the present invention is different from the traditional simple solid improvement mode. It adopts the comprehensive improvement technology of the whole growth period combining solid and liquid, which makes up for the production technology problems of low uniformity and poor pertinence of solid improvement. It can quickly reduce the pH value of the soil and water body of soda saline-alkali paddy field, accelerate the dissolution of salt in the soil, achieve the effect of rapid desalination and alkali removal through field soaking and salt washing measures, and reduce the loss of nutrients in the process of salt removal and alkali washing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] Implementation location: Jinbianhu Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Implementation area: 65 hectares.

[0024] (1) After the field engineering transformation and fine leveling in the spring of 2022, 45 tons / hectare of gypsum-based improvers and 30 tons / hectare of straw-based organic fertilizers will be applied in 2022. After spreading, the land will be plowed and the rotary tillage depth will be 15 cm.

[0025] (2) Soak the fields twice, applying 1 ton / hectare of citric acid alkalinity reducer each time and harrowing the fields with water to maintain a 10 cm water layer on the field surface. Soak the fields for 2-3 days each time and then drain all the water to reduce the salt and alkali concentration in the soil surface.

[0026] (3) Before transplanting, an agricultural drone was used to spray 0.1 t / ha of compound microbial agents, and the rice seedlings were transplanted on May 15.

[0027] (4) Apply 200 kg / ha of organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer each time the water is drained and changed after transplanting, and apply it a total of 5 times during the entire growth period.

[0028] Improvement effect: Before improvement, the soil pH value was 9.85-10.46, the total salt content was 0.46%-0.69%, and the organic matter was 0.63%-0.87%; in the first year of improvement, the soil pH value dropped to 8.63-9.16, the total salt content dropped to 0.32-0.43%, and the organic matter increased to 1.34%-1.68%. According to actual yield measurement, the rice yield in the first year of improvement was 5209.5kg / hm2 .

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Implementation location: Jinbianhu Village, Jianping, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Implementation area: 135 hectares.

[0031] (1) After the field engineering transformation and fine leveling in March 2023, 40 tons / hectare of gypsum-based improvers and 30 tons / hectare of straw-based organic fertilizers were applied in 2023, and the tillage operation was carried out after spreading, with the rotary tillage depth of 15 cm.

[0032] (2) Soak the fields twice, applying 0.75 t / ha of citric acid alkalinity reducer each time and harrowing the fields to maintain a 10 cm water layer on the field surface. Soak the fields for 2-3 days each time and then drain all the water to reduce the salt and alkali concentration in the soil surface.

[0033] (3) Before transplanting, an agricultural drone was used to spray 0.1 t / ha of compound microbial agents, and the rice seedlings were transplanted on May 20.

[0034] (4) Apply 300 kg / ha of organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer each time the water is drained and changed after transplanting, and apply a total of 5 times during the entire growth period.

[0035] Improvement effect: Before improvement, the soil pH value was 9.36-10.09, the total salt content was 0.42%-0.63%, and the organic matter was 0.70%-0.91%; in the first year of improvement, the soil pH value dropped to 8.39-9.03, the total salt content dropped to 0.30-0.39%, and the organic matter increased to 1.41%-1.94%. According to actual yield measurement, the rice yield in the first year of improvement was 6028.8kg / hm 2 .

[0036] Example 3: Implementation location: Jianping Village, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province. Implementation area: 710 hectares.

[0037] (1) Field engineering transformation will begin in February 2024. After the field is leveled, 40 tons / hectare of gypsum-based improvers and 30 tons / hectare of straw-based organic fertilizers will be applied. After spreading, the field will be plowed and the rotary tillage depth will be 15 cm.

[0038] (2) Soak the fields twice, applying 1 ton / hectare of citric acid alkalinity reducer each time and harrowing the fields with water to maintain a 10 cm water layer on the field surface. Soak the fields for 2-3 days each time and then drain all the water to reduce the salt and alkali concentration in the soil surface.

[0039] (3) Before transplanting, an agricultural drone was used to spray 0.1 t / ha of compound microbial agents, and the rice seedlings were transplanted on May 20.

[0040] (4) Apply 300 kg / ha of organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer each time the water is drained and changed after transplanting, and apply a total of 5 times during the entire growth period.

[0041] Improvement effect: Before improvement, the soil pH value was 9.41-10.38, the total salt content was 0.45%-0.67%, and the organic matter was 0.83%-0.96%; in the first year of improvement, the soil pH value dropped to 8.27-9.10, the total salt content dropped to 0.28-0.37%, and the organic matter increased to 1.38%-2.06%. According to actual yield measurement, the rice yield in the first year of improvement was 8229.0kg / hm 2 .

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and rapid improvement method for severe soda saline-alkali paddy fields, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fine land preparation: Use satellite positioning land leveling equipment or laser land leveling machine to level the field surface, cut high and fill low, and control the height difference within 3cm; the area of ​​each field grid should not exceed 6000m2; S2. Application of gypsum modifier: Combine paddy field tillage with application of gypsum modifier at a tillage depth of 15-20cm; S3. Apply straw-derived organic fertilizer: Before spring tillage, apply straw-derived organic fertilizer according to the different salinity of the soil, and use a rotary tiller to till the soil evenly to a depth of 10-15 cm; S4. Rapid salt and alkali removal: After completing the above measures, combine the watering and harrowing operations, apply citric acid water-soluble alkali-reducing agent according to the different salinity of the soil, maintain a 10cm water layer on the field surface, and drain the field after soaking for 2-3 days; S5. Construction of functional bacterial flora: Apply compound microbial agents before transplanting to promote the root development of rice seedlings and improve their resistance to cold and salinity; S6. Management of water layers for alkali elimination and salt control throughout the process: Based on the salt-alkali resistance of rice in different growth stages and the technical requirements for saline-alkali land water layer management, apply appropriate amounts of organic acidic water-soluble fertilizers during irrigation to achieve alkali elimination and salt control throughout the process.

2. The improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of gypsum modifier applied in step S2 is 40-60 t / hm 2 The main component of the gypsum modifier is citric acid gypsum, in which the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than 90%, the pH is less than 6.0, and the hygiene indicators meet the requirements of the national standard "Food Additive Calcium Sulfate" GB 1886.6-2016.

3. The improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the straw-derived organic fertilizer in step S3 is 15-60 t / hm 2 The straw-derived organic fertilizer is an acidic biological organic fertilizer or farmyard manure derived from straw or produced by composting straw as the main raw material, and its pH value is less than 7.

0.

4. The improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the citric acid water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent in step S4 is 1-2 t / hm 2 , applied in 1-2 times, the citric acid water-soluble alkalinity reducing agent is made of organic acid produced by microbial fermentation, and the total acid content calculated as monohydrate citric acid is 15-25%.

5. The improved method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The organic acid produced by microbial fermentation is selected from at least one of citric acid fermentation broth, amino acid fermentation broth and lactic acid fermentation broth.

6. The improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the composite microbial agent in step S5 is 50-100 kg / hm 2 The composite microbial agent is composed of a mixture of functional microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and Microbacterium flavum, and the effective live bacteria count is ≥ 500 million cfu / g.

7. The improved method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer in step S6 is applied at a rate of no more than 300 kg / hm2 each time. 2 The dosage per hectare during the whole growth period shall not exceed 1500kg. The organic acidic water-soluble fertilizer is composed of weakly acidic organic acid and has a pH value of 3.0-5.0.