Method for increasing the survival rate of belamcanda chinensis by interplanting belamcanda chinensis with corn

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving the survival rate of corn and belamcanda rhizomes by intercropping, and comprises the following steps: (1) seed pretreatment of belamcanda rhizomes; (2) preparation of a composite soil conditioner; (3) site selection; (4) soil treatment; (5) sowing; (6) field management; (7) corn harvesting; (8) topdressing; and (9) transplanting. The survival rate and yield of belamcanda rhizome seedlings are effectively improved through seed pretreatment, addition of the composite soil conditioner in the soil, corn intercropping and fine field management; the seed pretreatment of belamcanda rhizomes promotes seed germination, the composite soil conditioner improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and corn intercropping provides a suitable growth environment for the belamcanda rhizome seedlings, so that the healthy growth of the belamcanda rhizomes is ensured through the cooperation of the three.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping. BACKGROUND

[0002] Belamcanda chinensis is a perennial herb of the Iridaceae family. Belamcanda chinensis is widely used in clinical practice and has excellent curative effects, and is therefore valued by the domestic and foreign traditional Chinese medicine circles. Belamcanda chinensis has the characteristics of drought and barren tolerance, strong shade tolerance, strong adaptability, and low management cost, and is suitable for intercropping. In addition, Belamcanda chinensis has ornamental value due to its bright orange-red flowers, and is a medicinal and ornamental plant. In recent years, as the demand for Belamcanda chinensis increases, the price of Belamcanda chinensis has also increased year by year. However, the wild resources of Belamcanda chinensis are decreasing, and artificial planting of Belamcanda chinensis is faced with problems such as chaotic germplasm, lack of good seeds, and uneven emergence, and the yield and quality of Belamcanda chinensis cannot meet the market demand.

[0003] Belamcanda chinensis prefers warm and sunny conditions, is drought and cold tolerant, and has no strict requirements for soil. It can be cultivated on hillside and dry land, and prefers sandy soil, neutral soil or slightly alkaline soil, and is not suitable for low-lying land and saline-alkali land. As a traditional medicinal plant, Belamcanda chinensis has two main propagation methods: seed propagation and rhizome propagation. From the perspective of rhizome propagation, although it has the advantages of high survival rate and short growth cycle, it has obvious limitations: first, it can easily lead to degeneration of varieties, and second, collecting rhizomes will directly affect the yield of medicinal materials, because the medicinal part of Belamcanda chinensis is exactly the rhizome. Because the seed coat of Belamcanda chinensis will gradually harden after harvesting, it inhibits seed germination, resulting in slow germination and low germination rate. Therefore, compared with rhizome propagation, seed propagation of Belamcanda chinensis has the problems of slow and uneven emergence, and the entire emergence period lasts relatively long, about 50 days. However, due to the high seed yield and high propagation coefficient of Belamcanda chinensis, seed propagation is the mainstream way of modern large-scale planting of Belamcanda chinensis. Seed propagation can use direct sowing and seedling transplanting, among which seedling transplanting can better control seedling management and improve planting survival rate, but has high labor intensity; direct sowing is simple to operate, but needs to pay attention to sowing time, depth and other technical points.

[0004] In the prior art, nutrients are concentrated for rhizome growth by timely pinching or spraying pesticides when Belamcanda chinensis is in the stage of flowering and budding. However, this method still leads to small size of the planted Belamcanda chinensis due to improper control of the growth of the aboveground part, and increases the health and safety problems of the use due to possible pesticide residues. In addition, during the planting process of Belamcanda chinensis, root rot often occurs due to waterlogging, affecting the growth and quality of Belamcanda chinensis. Therefore, exploring the propagation technology of Belamcanda chinensis and realizing safe and efficient production of Belamcanda chinensis can promote the healthy development of green traditional Chinese medicine and the sustainable development of regional economy. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them to a seed soaking liquid, and perform seed soaking treatment. After the seed soaking is completed, wash the seeds with sterile distilled water, dry the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a well-ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0009] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: uniformly mix composite biochar, potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, betaine, and rhamnolipid to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0010] (3) Site selection: select a sandy loamy soil site with loose structure, slightly acidic, rich in organic matter, deep soil layer, and loose soil, and plant it in a well-drained hilly and gentle slope area. Deep plowing and land preparation, ridge making, and compartment opening are performed;

[0011] (4) Soil treatment: in late May to early June, rotary tillage and land preparation are performed, and fertilizer and the composite soil conditioner are added before land preparation;

[0012] (5) Sowing: open three furrows on the compartment surface, uniformly sow Belamcanda chinensis seeds in the furrows, and cover the soil with 5 cm;

[0013] (6) Field management: when the corn seedlings are 15 cm high, timely replanting is performed, and one seedling is left in one hole. Timely watering is performed during drought, timely ditch cleaning and drainage are performed during the rainy season to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, timely weed removal is performed, and the soil surface is kept loose, moist, and weed-free;

[0014] (7) Harvesting of corn: corn cobs are harvested in early October, dried, and threshed; when the corn withers on the Belamcanda chinensis seedling site in the following January, the corn stalks are cut down and laid flat on the compartment surface, and then furrowing and soil covering are performed;

[0015] (8) Topdressing: in the following February, 5-10 kg / acre of urea is topdressed;

[0016] (9) Transplanting and planting: in March to April, seedlings are transplanted and planted.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:

[0018] The gibberellin and naphthylacetic acid are added into anhydrous ethanol to be stirred and dissolved to obtain solution A; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate are added into distilled water to be stirred and dissolved, and then succinic acid is added to obtain solution B; the Tween 80 is added into solution B, then solution A and the spirulina extract are added, and after being stirred uniformly, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6, so that the seed soaking solution is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of gibberellin in solution A is 40-50 mg / mL, and the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 20-30 mg / mL; the mass ratio of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the distilled water and the succinic acid in solution B is 0.8-1.1:0.5-0.9:800-850:0.3-0.5; the mass concentration of the spirulina extract is 1-2%, and the mass ratio of solution B, the Tween 80, solution A and the spirulina extract is 800-850:1-2:5-8:15-20.

[0020] In the present application, the seed coat of Belamcanda chinensis will gradually become hard after the seed is harvested, which inhibits the seed germination, causes slow germination and low germination rate. Therefore, the seed soaking solution with a specific formula can effectively break the seed dormancy, improve the seed germination rate and vigor, and lay a foundation for subsequent growth.

[0021] Preferably, in step (1), the temperature of the seed soaking treatment is 20-30 ℃, and the time is 36-48 h, and the seed soaking solution is replaced every 12 h.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0023] The biochar is added into a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5-10% to be impregnated, and after the impregnation is completed, the activated biochar is obtained by filtering, washing and drying; the activated biochar is added into an ethanol aqueous solution, then the vinyltriethoxysilane is added to be stirred and reacted, then the cysteine and the azobisisobutyronitrile are added to be reacted at constant temperature, and after the reaction is completed, the modified biochar is obtained by filtering, washing and drying; then the modified biochar is added into deionized water, then the sodium silicate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added, the triethylamine is added to adjust the pH value to 9-10, and the chelation reaction is carried out, and after the reaction is completed, the composite biochar is obtained by filtering and drying.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature of the impregnation is 30-40 DEG C, the time is 3-4h; the mass ratio of the activated biochar, vinyltriethoxysilane, cysteine and azobisisobutyronitrile is 100:10-15:6.5-10:0.3-0.5, the temperature of the stirring reaction is 60-70 DEG C, the time is 2-3h, the temperature of the constant temperature reaction is 65-75 DEG C, the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the modified biochar, sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 100:10-20:20-30, the temperature of the chelation reaction is 50-60 DEG C, the time is 4-6h.

[0025] In the application, the composite biochar is activated, modified and chelated to have a larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity, so that the soil structure can be effectively improved, the soil fertility can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced, the development of the rhizome root system can be promoted and the survival rate of the rhizome seedling can be improved.

[0026] Preferably, in step (2), the ratio of the raw materials is as follows: 25-35 parts of the composite biochar, 10-15 parts of the potassium humate, 10-15 parts of the fly ash, 15-25 parts of the zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of the sodium lignosulfonate, 2-3 parts of the betaine and 0.5-0.8 parts of the rhamnolipid.

[0027] In the application, the composite soil conditioner is prepared in a specific formula, the composite biochar can enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and improve the soil structure, can provide silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer through slow release, so that the generation of the rhizome can be improved, the potassium humate can provide nutrients and promote the development of the root system, the fly ash can adjust the soil pH, the zeolite powder can improve the soil permeability, the sodium lignosulfonate can enhance the soil aggregate structure, the betaine can improve the plant stress resistance and the rhamnolipid can promote the nutrient absorption, so that the soil can be effectively improved and an excellent soil environment can be provided for the growth of the rhizome.

[0028] Preferably, the specific process of the opening of the compartment in step (3) is as follows: the land is ploughed according to the compartment width of 0.9-1 m, the ditch depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the ditch width of 0.3-0.4 m, the ridges are formed, and the ridge height is 0.2-0.25 m.

[0029] Preferably, in step (4), 900-1000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg of the composite soil conditioner are applied per mu before land preparation.

[0030] Preferably, in step (5), the corn is planted at a spacing of 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 seeds are planted in one hole.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping provided by the present application effectively improves the survival rate and yield of Belamcanda chinensis seedlings through pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds, addition of a composite soil conditioner in the soil, corn intercropping and fine field management; the seed pretreatment promotes seed germination, the composite soil conditioner improves the soil physical and chemical properties, and the corn intercropping provides a suitable growth environment for Belamcanda chinensis seedlings, and the three ensure the healthy growth of Belamcanda chinensis.

[0033] (2) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping provided by the present application uses a specific formula of seed soaking liquid to better promote the germination of Belamcanda chinensis seeds and improve the survival rate of seedlings; gibberellin and naphthalene acetic acid as plant hormones can promote seed germination and root development, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate can provide necessary nutrients for seed germination, succinic acid can enhance the vitality of seeds and improve stress resistance, and spirulina extract is rich in various bioactive substances, which can further supplement nutrients and promote growth; the contained organic acids can soften the seed coat, promote seed water absorption, improve the permeability of the seed coat, and Tween-80 as a surfactant not only helps the dissolution and absorption of other components, but also reduces the surface tension of the liquid, increases the contact area of the seed and the solution, promotes the penetration of active substances, and through the combined action of these specific components, the dormancy of Belamcanda chinensis seeds is effectively broken, the germination rate and germination potential are improved, the seedlings grow stronger, and finally the survival rate of seedlings is improved.

[0034] (3) The method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping provided by the present application modifies biochar by a specific method, first, hydrogen peroxide is used to oxidize and activate the biochar to increase its pore structure and specific surface area, and enhance its adsorption performance and the activity of active groups on the surface of the biochar; then, cysteine is introduced onto the biochar through a mercapto-olefin reaction to further improve the chelation and adsorption performance of the biochar; finally, sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate are subjected to chelation reaction with the modified biochar, which can not only improve the loading capacity of the biochar for silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, but also enable the biochar to have the ability to release silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer slowly; the present application chelates silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer with cysteine on the biochar through chemical bonds, which can effectively reduce the loss of silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, improve their utilization rate, ensure the absorption of phosphorus fertilizer and silicon fertilizer during the growth of Belamcanda chinensis, and improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis seedlings; at the same time, the composite biochar is prepared into a composite soil conditioner with potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, betaine and rhamnolipid according to a specific ratio, which can significantly improve the physical structure and chemical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, promote the root development of Belamcanda chinensis, and finally improve the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in connection with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0036] The biochar is purchased from Henan Xingnuo Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd., and the particle size is 200 mesh; the particle size of the fly ash is 200 mesh; the particle size of the zeolite powder is 200 mesh; the spirulina extract is purchased from Shaanxi Tianshengyuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; the organic fertilizer is purchased from Hebei Chi Fan Biological Technology Co., Ltd., and the organic matter content is 45%, the effective active bacteria are 0.5 billion / g, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 5%.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] A method for improving the survival rate of belamcanda rhizomes by corn intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) Belamcanda rhizome seed pretreatment: select full and mature belamcanda rhizome seeds, add seed soaking liquid, soak at 25°C for 48h, replace the seed soaking liquid every 12h, after soaking, wash with sterile distilled water, dry the surface water with sterile paper, and dry in a well-ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated belamcanda rhizome seeds;

[0040] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid are uniformly mixed to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0041] (3) Site selection: select loose structure, slightly acidic, and rich in organic matter sandy yellow brown soil plots for planting, the soil layer is deeper than 0.3m, the soil is loose, and the deep ploughing is carried out in well-drained hilly and gentle slope areas. After the soil is finely raked and flattened, the furrows are connected according to the terrain, and drainage ditches are arranged. The land is ploughed according to the width of 0.9-1m, the depth of 0.3-0.4m, and the width of 0.3-0.4m, and the ridges are formed according to the height of 0.2-0.25m;

[0042] (4) Soil treatment: at the end of May to the beginning of June, rotary ploughing is carried out, and before the ploughing, fertilization and the addition of the composite soil conditioner are carried out. The organic fertilizer is used in an amount of 950 kg / acre, and the composite soil conditioner is used in an amount of 35 kg / acre;

[0043] (5) Sowing: three furrows are opened on the land, the row spacing is 30-35cm, the belamcanda rhizomes are uniformly sown in the furrows, the plant spacing is 30-35cm, and the soil is covered by 5cm; corn is interplanted in the two inter-row spaces of the three rows of belamcanda rhizomes, the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2m, and 2-3 seeds are planted in one hole;

[0044] (6) Field management: timely replanting when the corn seedlings are 15 cm high, leaving one seedling per hole; timely watering during drought, timely clearing the ditch to drain water during the rainy season, ensuring no water accumulation in the field, timely removing weeds, and keeping the soil surface soft, moist, and weed-free;

[0045] (7) Harvesting corn: harvesting corn cobs in early October, drying and threshing; when the corn withers on the ground in January of the next year, cutting the corn stalks down and laying them flat on the surface, then plowing and covering the soil;

[0046] (8) Topdressing: applying urea 8 kg per mu in February of the next year;

[0047] (9) Transplanting: transplanting in March to April.

[0048] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0049] Add 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthalene acetic acid to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir to dissolve, and obtain solution A; add 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.7 g of potassium nitrate to 830 g of distilled water, stir to dissolve, then add 0.4 g of succinic acid, and obtain solution B; add 15 g of spirulina extract to 985 g of distilled water, and stir to obtain a spirulina extract solution; add 1.5 g of Tween 80 to 830 g of solution B, then add 7 g of solution A and 17 g of the spirulina extract solution, stir to mix, and adjust the pH to 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0050] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0051] Add 100 g of biochar to 1 L of hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 8%, immerse at 35°C for 3.5 h, filter, wash, and dry to obtain activated biochar; add 100 g of activated biochar to 1 L of an ethanol-water solution (volume ratio of ethanol to water is 8:2), then add 13 g of vinyltriethoxysilane, stir to react at 65°C for 2.5 h, add 8 g of cysteine and 0.4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile after the reaction is completed, and react at 70°C for 2.5 h, then filter, wash, and dry to obtain modified biochar; subsequently, add 100 g of modified biochar to 1 L of deionized water, then add 15 g of sodium silicate and 25 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, add triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, and chelate at 55°C for 5 h, then filter and dry to obtain the composite biochar.

[0052] In the embodiment, the survival rate of the radix sophorae tonkinensis is 97.5%.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for improving the survival rate of belamcanda chinensis by intercropping belamcanda chinensis and corn, comprising the following steps:

[0055] (1) Pretreatment of belamcanda chinensis seeds: select full and mature belamcanda chinensis seeds, add seed soaking liquid, soak at 20 DEG C for 48 h, replace the seed soaking liquid every 12 h, wash with sterile distilled water after soaking, dry the surface water with sterile paper, and dry in a ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0056] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: uniformly mix 25 parts of composite biochar, 10 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of zeolite powder, 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2 parts of betaine, and 0.5 parts of rhamnolipid to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0057] (3) Site selection: select loose, slightly acidic, and organic matter-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plots, the soil layer is greater than 0.3 m, the soil is loose, and the site is a well-drained hilly and gentle slope; after deep plowing and soil leveling, make ridges according to the terrain, make the ridges interconnect, and set up drainage ditches; open the compartment according to a compartment width of 0.9-1 m, a ditch depth of 0.3-0.4 m, and a ditch width of 0.3-0.4 m, and make ridges with a ridge height of 0.2-0.25 m;

[0058] (4) Soil treatment: in late May to early June, rotary plow the soil, apply fertilizer before soil preparation, and add the composite soil conditioner; the amount of organic fertilizer is 900 kg / acre, and the amount of composite soil conditioner is 30 kg / acre;

[0059] (5) Sowing: open three ditches on the compartment surface, sow belamcanda chinensis in the ditches at a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a plant spacing of 30-35 cm, and cover the soil by 5 cm; interplant corn in the two inter-row spaces of the three rows of belamcanda chinensis, with a corn plant spacing of 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 seeds per hole;

[0060] (6) Field management: when the corn is 15 cm high, timely supplement the seedlings, and leave one seedling per hole; timely water when it is dry, timely clear the ditches to drain water when it is rainy, ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, timely remove weeds, and keep the soil surface soft, moist, and weed-free;

[0061] (7) Harvesting corn: harvest the corn cobs in early October, dry them, and thresh them; when the corn withers in the following January, cut the corn stalks, lay them on the compartment surface, and cover the soil;

[0062] (8) Topdressing: in the following February, topdress with urea at a rate of 5 kg / acre;

[0063] (9) Transplanting and planting: transplant and plant in March to April.

[0064] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:

[0065] 400 mg gibberellin, 200 mg naphthaleneacetic acid were added into 10 mL anhydrous ethanol, stirred and dissolved to obtain solution A; 0.8 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g potassium nitrate were added into 800 g distilled water, stirred until dissolved, then 0.3 g succinic acid was added to obtain solution B; 10 g spirulina extract was added into 990 g distilled water, stirred to obtain spirulina extract solution; 1 g Tween 80 was added into 800 g solution B, then 5 g solution A and 15 g spirulina extract solution were added, stirred until uniform, then pH was adjusted to 5.5 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0066] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0067] 100 g biochar was added into 1 L hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%, and was immersed at 30℃ for 4 h; after the immersion was completed, filtration, washing and drying were performed to obtain activated biochar; 100 g activated biochar was added into 1 L ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 8:2), then 10 g vinyltriethoxysilane was added, and stirring reaction was performed at 60℃ for 3 h; after the reaction was completed, 6.5 g cysteine and 0.3 g azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and constant temperature reaction was performed at 65℃ for 3 h; after the reaction was completed, filtration, washing and drying were performed to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g modified biochar was added into 1 L deionized water, then 10 g sodium silicate and 20 g diammonium hydrogen phosphate were added, and triethylamine was added to adjust pH to 9; chelation reaction was performed at 50℃ for 6 h; after the reaction was completed, filtration and drying were performed to obtain the composite biochar.

[0068] In the embodiment, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reached 95.8%.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0071] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds were selected, and were added into a seed soaking solution, and were soaked at 30℃ for 36 h; the seed soaking solution was replaced every 12 h; after the soaking was completed, the Belamcanda chinensis seeds were washed with sterile distilled water, the surface water was absorbed with sterile paper, and the Belamcanda chinensis seeds were dried in a well-ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0072] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: 35 parts of composite biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of zeolite powder, 15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 3 parts of betaine and 0.8 parts of rhamnolipid were uniformly mixed to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0073] (3) Selectively: select the structure loose, acidic, rich in organic matter of sandy loam land block planting, soil layer is greater than 0.3 m, soil loose, to the well-drained hilly gentle slope, deep ploughing, after the soil is finely raked, according to the terrain, make a ridge, the ridge is flat, make the ditch interlinked, and set up drainage ditch, open compartment according to the compartment width 0.9-1 m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4 m, ditch width 0.3-0.4 m, ploughing, ridge making, ridge height 0.2-0.25 m;

[0074] (4) Soil treatment: in late May to early June, rotary ploughing, before ploughing, fertilization and adding composite soil conditioner, organic fertilizer dosage is 1000 kg / mu, composite soil conditioner dosage is 40 kg / mu;

[0075] (5) Sowing: open three ditches on the compartment surface, row spacing is 30-35 cm, evenly sow morinda officinalis in the ditch, plant spacing is 30-35 cm, cover soil 5 cm; in the two interval rows of three rows of morinda officinalis, interplant corn, corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2 m, 2-3 grains are planted in one hole;

[0076] (6) Field management: when the corn seedling height is 15 cm, timely supplement seedling, one seedling is left in one hole; timely water when drought, timely clear ditch and drain water in rainy season, ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, timely remove weeds, keep the soil surface soft, wet and weed-free;

[0077] (7) Harvesting corn: corn cob is harvested in early October, dried and threshed; when the corn withers on the morinda officinalis seedling field in the next January, the corn stalks are cut down and laid flat on the compartment surface, and then the ditch is covered with soil;

[0078] (8) Topdressing: in February of the next year, topdressing urea 10 kg / mu;

[0079] (9) Transplanting and planting: from March to April, seedling transplanting.

[0080] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0081] 500 mg gibberellin and 300 mg naphthalene acetic acid are added to 10 mL anhydrous ethanol, stirred and dissolved to obtain solution A; 1.1 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.9 g potassium nitrate are added to 850 g distilled water, stirred and dissolved, then 0.5 g succinic acid is added to obtain solution B; 20 g spirulina extract is added to 980 g distilled water and stirred uniformly to obtain spirulina extract solution; 2 g Tween 80 is added to 850 g solution B, then 8 g solution A and 20 g spirulina extract solution are added, and after stirring uniformly, the pH is adjusted to 6, to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0082] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0083] 100g of biochar was added to 1L of 10% mass concentration hydrogen peroxide solution, and immersed at 40℃ for 3h. After the completion of the immersion, the biochar was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain activated biochar. 100g of the activated biochar was added to 1L of an ethanol aqueous solution (volume ratio of ethanol to water being 8:2), and then 15g of vinyltriethoxysilane was added. The mixture was stirred at 70℃ for 2h. After the completion of the reaction, 10g of cysteine and 0.5g of azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixture was reacted at 75℃ for 2h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified biochar. Subsequently, 100g of the modified biochar was added to 1L of deionized water, and then 20g of sodium silicate and 30g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate were added. Triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 10. The mixture was chelated at 60℃ for 4h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain composite biochar.

[0084] In the embodiment, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reached 96.4%.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] A method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0087] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add seed soaking liquid, and soak at 25℃ for 48h. The seed soaking liquid is replaced every 12h. After the completion of the soaking, the seeds are washed with sterile distilled water, the surface water is absorbed with sterile paper, and the seeds are dried in a well-ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0088] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid are uniformly mixed to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0089] (3) Site selection: select loose, slightly acidic, and organic matter-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plots for planting. The soil layer is deeper than 0.3m, the soil is loose, and the site is a well-drained hilly and gentle slope. After deep plowing and soil leveling, the soil is plowed and leveled, and the furrow is connected to the adjacent furrow. Drainage ditches are provided, and the plot is divided into compartments with a width of 0.9-1m, a depth of 0.3-0.4m, and a width of 0.3-0.4m. The ridges are formed, and the height of the ridges is 0.2-0.25m;

[0090] (4) Soil treatment: at the end of May to the beginning of June, the soil is rotary plowed and leveled. Before soil leveling, fertilizers and the composite soil conditioner are added. The amount of organic fertilizer is 950 kg / acre, and the amount of composite soil conditioner is 35 kg / acre;

[0091] (5) Sowing: three furrows are opened on the field, the row spacing is 30-35 cm, the Belamcanda chinensis is evenly sowed in the furrows, the plant spacing is 30-35 cm, and the soil is covered by 5 cm; the corn is interplanted in the two interval rows of the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis, the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 corn seeds are planted in one hole;

[0092] (6) Field management: when the corn seedlings are 15 cm high, the corn seedlings are timely supplemented, and one corn seedling is left in one hole; when it is dry, water is timely poured, when it is rainy, the furrows are timely cleaned and drained to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, weeds are timely removed, and the soil surface is kept soft, moist and weed-free;

[0093] (7) Harvesting corn: the corn cob is harvested in early October, dried and threshed; when the corn withered on the Belamcanda chinensis seedling field in January of the next year, the corn stalks are cut down and laid on the field, and the furrows are covered with soil.

[0094] (8) Topdressing: in February of the next year, 8 kg of urea is topdressed per mu;

[0095] (9) Transplanting and planting: the seedlings are transplanted from March to April.

[0096] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0097] 450 mg gibberellin and 250 mg naphthaleneacetic acid are added into 10 mL anhydrous ethanol, stirred and dissolved to obtain solution A; 15 g spirulina extract is added into 985 g distilled water and stirred uniformly to obtain spirulina extract liquid; 1.5 g Tween 80 is added into 830 g distilled water, then 7 g solution A is added, stirred uniformly, and then the pH value is adjusted to 6, to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0098] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0099] 100 g biochar is added into 1 L hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 8%, and then immersed at 35 °C for 3.5 h; after the immersion is completed, filtration, washing and drying are performed to obtain activated biochar; 100 g activated biochar is added into 1 L ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 8:2), then 13 g vinyltriethoxysilane is added, and then stirred and reacted at 65 °C for 2.5 h; after the reaction is completed, 8 g cysteine and 0.4 g azobisisobutyronitrile are added, and then reacted at 70 °C for 2.5 h; after the reaction is completed, filtration, washing and drying are performed to obtain modified biochar; then 100 g modified biochar is added into 1 L deionized water, then 15 g sodium silicate and 25 g diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added, and then triethylamine is added to adjust the pH value to 10; then chelation reaction is performed at 55 °C for 5 h; after the reaction is completed, filtration and drying are performed to obtain the composite biochar.

[0100] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis is 91.3%.

[0101] Comparative example 2

[0102] A method for improving the survival rate of belamcanda chinensis by intercropping corn and belamcanda chinensis, comprising the following steps:

[0103] (1) Pretreatment of belamcanda chinensis seeds: select full and mature belamcanda chinensis seeds, add seed soaking liquid, soak at 25 DEG C for 48 h, replace the soaking liquid every 12 h, wash with sterile distilled water after soaking, dry the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry in a ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0104] (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: uniformly mix 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0105] (3) Site selection: select loose, slightly acidic, and organic matter-rich sandy yellow-brown soil plots, the soil layer is greater than 0.3 m, the soil is loose, and the site is a well-drained hilly and gentle slope; after deep plowing and soil leveling, make ridges according to the terrain, make the ridges interconnect, and set up drainage ditches; open the compartments with a width of 0.9-1 m, a depth of 0.3-0.4 m, and a width of 0.3-0.4 m, and make ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25 m;

[0106] (4) Soil treatment: in late May to early June, rotary plow the soil, apply fertilizer and add the composite soil conditioner before soil leveling, the amount of organic fertilizer is 950 kg / acre, and the amount of composite soil conditioner is 35 kg / acre;

[0107] (5) Sowing: open three furrows on the compartment surface, sow belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm, and cover the soil with a thickness of 5 cm; interplant corn in the two inter-row spaces of the three rows of belamcanda chinensis, the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2 m, and 2-3 seeds are planted in one hole;

[0108] (6) Field management: when the corn seedlings are 15 cm high, timely replanting is performed, and one seedling is left in one hole; timely watering is performed in drought, timely drainage is performed in the rainy season to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, timely weed removal is performed, and the soil surface is kept soft, moist, and weed-free;

[0109] (7) Harvesting corn: harvest corn cobs in early October, dry and thresh; when the corn withers on the belamcanda chinensis seedling field in January of the next year, cut down the corn stalks, lay them on the compartment surface, and cover the soil;

[0110] (8) Topdressing: in February of the next year, topdress with urea at a rate of 8 kg / acre;

[0111] (9) Transplanting and planting: transplant and plant in March to April.

[0112] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0113] Add 450 mg of gibberellin and 250 mg of naphthalene acetic acid into 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, stir and dissolve to obtain solution A; add 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.7 g of potassium nitrate into 830 g of distilled water, stir until dissolved, then add 0.4 g of succinic acid to obtain solution B; add 15 g of spirulina extract into 985 g of distilled water and stir uniformly to obtain a spirulina extract solution; add 1.5 g of Tween 80 into 830 g of solution B, then add 7 g of solution A and 17 g of the spirulina extract solution, stir uniformly, and adjust the pH to 6 to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0114] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0115] Add 100 g of biochar into 1 L of hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 8%, and immerse at 35°C for 3.5 h; after the immersion is completed, filter, wash, and dry to obtain activated biochar; add 100 g of the activated biochar into 1 L of distilled water, then add 8 g of cysteine, 15 g of sodium silicate, and 25 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, add triethylamine to adjust the pH to 10, and perform chelation reaction at 55°C for 5 h; after the reaction is completed, filter and dry to obtain the composite biochar.

[0116] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis reaches 92.7%.

[0117] Comparative Example 3

[0118] A method for improving the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis in corn intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0119] (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: select full and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add seed soaking solution, and immerse at 25°C for 48 h; replace the seed soaking solution every 12 h; after the seed soaking is completed, wash with sterile distilled water, dry the surface water with sterile paper, and air dry in a ventilated indoor place to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds;

[0120] (2) Preparation of a composite soil conditioner: uniformly mix 30 parts of composite biochar, 13 parts of potassium humate, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of zeolite powder, 12 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2.5 parts of betaine, and 0.7 parts of rhamnolipid to obtain a composite soil conditioner;

[0121] (3) Selectively: select the structure loose, acidic, rich in organic matter of sandy loam land block planting, soil layer is deeper than 0.3m, soil loose, to the well-drained hilly gentle slope zone, deep ploughing, after soil is finely raked, according to the topography, make a ridge, make the ridge flat, make the ditch interlinked, and set up drainage ditch, open the compartment according to the compartment width 0.9-1m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4m, ditch width 0.3-0.4m, ploughing, ridge making, ridge height 0.2-0.25m;

[0122] (4) Soil treatment: in late May to early June, rotary ploughing, before ploughing, fertilization and adding composite soil conditioner, organic fertilizer is 950 kg / acre, composite soil conditioner is 35 kg / acre;

[0123] (5) Sowing: open three ditches on the compartment surface, row spacing is 30-35cm, evenly sow morinda officinalis in the ditch, plant spacing is 30-35cm, cover soil 5cm; in the two interval rows of three rows of morinda officinalis, interplant corn, corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2m, 2-3 grains are planted in one hole;

[0124] (6) Field management: when corn seedling height is 15cm, timely supplement seedling, leave 1 seedling in one hole; when drought, timely water, when rainy season, timely clear ditch and drain water, ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field, timely remove weeds, keep the soil surface soft, moist and weed-free;

[0125] (7) Harvest corn: in early October, harvest corn cob, dry and thresh; when corn withers on morinda officinalis seedling field in the next January, cut down corn stalks and lay them on the compartment surface, then plough and cover soil;

[0126] (8) Topdressing: in February of the next year, topdressing urea 8kg / acre;

[0127] (9) Transplanting: in March to April, transplant seedlings.

[0128] In step (1), the preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0129] The preparation method of the seed soaking solution comprises the following steps:

[0130] Add 450mg gibberellin and 250mg naphthaleneacetic acid to 10mL anhydrous ethanol, stir and dissolve to obtain solution A; add 15g spirulina extract to 985g distilled water, stir to obtain spirulina extract solution; add 1.5g Tween 80 to 830g distilled water, then add 7g solution A, stir uniformly, and adjust pH to 6, to obtain the seed soaking solution.

[0131] In step (2), the preparation method of the composite biochar is as follows:

[0132] 100g of the biochar is added into 1L of hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass concentration of 8%, and then immersed at 35℃ for 3.5h. After the immersion, the biochar is filtered, washed and dried to obtain activated biochar. 100g of the activated biochar is added into 1L of distilled water, and then 8g of cysteine, 15g of sodium silicate and 25g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate are added. Triethylamine is added to adjust the pH to 10. The chelation reaction is carried out at 55℃ for 5h. After the reaction, the biochar is filtered and dried to obtain the composite biochar.

[0133] In the comparative example, the survival rate of Belamcanda chinensis is 88.1%.

[0134] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of Iris tectorum through intercropping of maize and Iris tectorum, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of Belamcanda chinensis seeds: Select plump and mature Belamcanda chinensis seeds, add them to the soaking solution, soak them, wash them with sterile distilled water after soaking, absorb the surface moisture with sterile paper, and dry them in a well-ventilated and dry place indoors to obtain pretreated Belamcanda chinensis seeds. (2) Preparation of composite soil conditioner: Composite biochar, potassium humate, fly ash, zeolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, betaine and rhamnolipid are mixed evenly to obtain composite soil conditioner; (3) Site selection: Select sandy yellow-brown soil plots with loose structure, slightly acidic, and rich in organic matter for planting. The soil layer should be deep and loose. Use well-drained hilly and gentle slope areas, deep plow and prepare the land, make ridges and open up the beds. (4) Soil treatment: Rotary tillage is carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June. Fertilizer is applied and compound soil conditioner is added before tillage. (5) Sowing: Make three furrows on the bed surface, sow the Belamcanda chinensis evenly in the furrows, and cover with 5cm of soil; intercrop corn in the two interrows between the three rows of Belamcanda chinensis; (6) Field management: When the corn seedlings reach 15cm in height, replant them in time, leaving one seedling per hole; water in time during drought, and clear ditches and drain water in time during the rainy season to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field; remove weeds in time to keep the soil surface loose, moist and free of weeds. (7) Harvesting corn: Harvest corn cobs in early October, dry them and thresh them; when the corn on the Belamcanda chinensis seedlings withers in January of the following year, cut down the corn stalks and lay them flat on the bed surface, then dig trenches and cover them with soil; (8) Topdressing: In February of the following year, apply 5-10 kg / mu of urea as topdressing; (9) Transplanting and planting: Seedlings are dug up and transplanted from March to April; In step (1), the method for preparing the soaking solution includes the following steps: Gibberellin and naphthaleneacetic acid were added to anhydrous ethanol and stirred to dissolve, yielding solution A. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate were added to distilled water and stirred until dissolved, then succinic acid was added to obtain solution B. Tween 80 was added to solution B, followed by solution A and spirulina extract. After stirring evenly, the pH was adjusted to 5.5-6 to obtain the soaking solution. The concentration of gibberellin in solution A was 40-50 mg / mL, and the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid was 20-30 mg / mL. The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, distilled water, and succinic acid in solution B was 0.8-1.1:0.5-0.9:800-850:0.3-0.

5. The mass concentration of spirulina extract was 1-2%, and the mass ratio of solution B, Tween 80, solution A, and spirulina extract was 800-850:1-2:5-8:15-20. The preparation method of the composite biochar mentioned in step (2) is as follows: Biochar was impregnated in a 5-10% hydrogen peroxide solution. After impregnation, the biochar was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain activated biochar. The activated biochar was then added to an ethanol-water solution, followed by vinyltriethoxysilane, and the mixture was stirred. After the reaction was complete, cysteine ​​and azobisisobutyronitrile were added, and the mixture was subjected to a constant-temperature reaction. After the reaction was complete, the biochar was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified biochar. The modified biochar was then added to deionized water, followed by sodium silicate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to 9-10, and a chelation reaction was carried out. After the reaction was complete, the biochar was filtered and dried to obtain… Composite biochar; the impregnation temperature is 30-40℃, and the time is 3-4h; the mass ratio of activated biochar, vinyltriethoxysilane, cysteine, and azobisisobutyronitrile is 100:10-15:6.5-10:0.3-0.5; the stirring reaction temperature is 60-70℃, and the time is 2-3h; the isothermal reaction temperature is 65-75℃, and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of modified biochar, sodium silicate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 100:10-20:20-30; the chelation reaction temperature is 50-60℃, and the time is 4-6h.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to the method described in claim 1, the soaking temperature in step (1) is 20-30°C, the soaking time is 36-48h, and the soaking solution is changed every 12h.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the proportions of each raw material by weight are as follows: 25-35 parts of composite biochar, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 15-25 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2-3 parts of betaine, and 0.5-0.8 parts of rhamnolipid.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of step (3) is as follows: prepare the land with a width of 0.9-1m, a ditch depth of 0.3-0.4m, a ditch width of 0.3-0.4m, make ridges, and make ridges with a height of 0.2-0.25m.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), apply 900-1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg / mu of compound soil conditioner before land preparation.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the corn plant spacing is 0.9-1.2m, and 2-3 seeds are planted per hole.