Cultivation method for improving quality and aroma of flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving quality and aroma of flue-cured tobaccos. The cultivation method comprises the steps that 1, the flue-cured tobaccos are planted in rainy tobacco areas in the south; 2, preparing a foliar fertilizer; the leaf fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 1000 parts of tobacco stem leaching liquor, 100 to 500 parts of amino acid raw powder, 50 to 100 parts of potassium nitrate, 50 to 100 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.005 to 0.05 part of gibberellin and 100 to 250 parts of glucose; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by adding the components in proportion and fully and uniformly mixing the components. 3, before and after topping of flue-cured tobacco plants, the prepared foliar fertilizer is used for at least one time of foliar spraying operation on fresh tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco. According to the quality-improving and aroma-enhancing cultivation method for the flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements and plant hormones, namely gibberellin and glucose are reasonably added into the leaf fertilizer, so that sufficient growth, natural maturity and chemical component coordination regulation of the tobacco leaves are realized, and the aroma quality of the flue-cured tobacco is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality and enhancing the aroma of flue-cured tobacco. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is a special economic crop. Its growth is restricted by many factors. The aroma of tobacco leaves is an important factor in measuring its quality and availability. The quality of tobacco leaves depends to a large extent on the aroma substances in the leaves. The quality of tobacco leaf aroma is mainly determined by genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors affect the properties and types of aroma substances, while environmental factors mainly affect the content and composition ratio of aroma substances.

[0003] Flue-cured tobacco is an important raw material for Chinese cigarettes. The flavor and aroma of flue-cured tobacco are important components of the style of Chinese cigarettes and are also important representations of the quality and style of tobacco leaves. There are few studies on cultivation methods to improve quality and enhance flavor. Tobacco researchers have developed products such as sweet and fragrant tobacco flavors, but the sweet flavors in the cigarette industry are mainly added after the leaf group design is completed, resulting in limited flavor enhancement effects and the inability to improve the quality and availability of tobacco raw materials from the source. Overall, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and there are certain limitations in technology and effects, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] In the rainy areas in the south, due to frequent rainfall, rain will take away some nutrients in the soil, especially soluble nutrients such as potassium; this will cause the flue-cured tobacco to lack necessary nutrients during the growth process, thus affecting its normal growth and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for improving the quality and aroma of flue-cured tobacco. By reasonably adding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements, plant hormones gibberellins and glucose to foliar fertilizer, the method can supplement the nutrients and hormones of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the characteristics of rainy tobacco-growing areas in the south, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, achieve full growth, natural maturity and coordinated regulation of chemical components of tobacco leaves, and improve the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0006] The technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0007] A cultivation method for improving the quality and aroma of flue-cured tobacco, comprising:

[0008] Step 1: Plant flue-cured tobacco in the rainy tobacco areas in the south;

[0009] Step 2: prepare foliar fertilizer; the components in the foliar fertilizer and the mass fractions of each component are as follows:

[0010] 1000 parts of tobacco stem extract, 100-500 parts of amino acid raw powder, 50-100 parts of potassium nitrate, 50-100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005-0.05 parts of gibberellin, 100-250 parts of glucose;

[0011] The foliar fertilizer is prepared by adding the components in proportion and mixing them thoroughly;

[0012] Step three: before and after topping the flue-cured tobacco plants, spray the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco with the prepared foliar fertilizer at least once.

[0013] Preferably, the tobacco stem extract, the amino acid raw powder, the potassium nitrate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the gibberellin are pre-mixed in proportion and fermented for half a year; when the mixture is about to be used, the glucose is added to prepare the foliar fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, when using the foliar fertilizer, it is diluted 50 times with clean water to prepare a foliar fertilizer solution that can be sprayed.

[0015] Preferably, the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco are sprayed with the foliage during a time period that is away from direct sunlight; if it rains the next day after the foliage spraying operation is completed, the fresh tobacco leaves should be sprayed again as appropriate.

[0016] Preferably, before and after topping the flue-cured tobacco plants, the foliar fertilizer solution is evenly sprayed on both sides of the fresh tobacco leaves to ensure that all surfaces of the fresh tobacco leaves are covered by the foliar fertilizer solution.

[0017] Preferably, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco stem extract is in the range of 1.663 to 5.748 g / L; the tobacco stem extract contains medium elements Ca and Mg and trace elements such as Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo and Cu.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The cultivation method for improving the quality and enhancing the aroma of flue-cured tobacco provided by the present invention reasonably adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements, plant hormone gibberellin and glucose to the special foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco, and can specifically target the changes in nutrition, hormones and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco leaves after the loss of nutrient elements in the rainy tobacco-growing areas in the south, supplement nutrients and hormones in tobacco leaves to promote tobacco leaf growth, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism to reduce nicotine synthesis and promote sugar formation, achieve full growth, natural maturity and coordinated regulation of chemical components of tobacco leaves, and significantly improve the aroma quality of tobacco leaves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is described in further detail below so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description.

[0021] The present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality and aroma of flue-cured tobacco, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0022] Step 1: Plant flue-cured tobacco in the rainy tobacco areas in the south;

[0023] Step 2: prepare foliar fertilizer; the components in the foliar fertilizer and the mass fractions of each component are as follows:

[0024] 1000 parts of tobacco stem extract, 100-500 parts of amino acid raw powder, 50-100 parts of potassium nitrate (or potassium sulfate), 50-100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005-0.05 parts of gibberellin, and 100-250 parts of glucose;

[0025] The tobacco stem extract, the amino acid raw powder, the potassium nitrate (or potassium sulfate), the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the gibberellin are pre-mixed in proportion and fermented for half a year; when it is about to be used, the glucose is added, and the components are added in proportion and fully mixed to obtain the foliar fertilizer; when the foliar fertilizer is used, it is diluted 50 times with clean water and fully stirred until the foliar fertilizer is completely dissolved, thereby preparing a foliar fertilizer solution that can be sprayed;

[0026] Step 3: before and after topping the flue-cured tobacco plants, select a time period to avoid direct sunlight, such as 5 to 6 p.m., and use the prepared foliar fertilizer solution to spray the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco at least once, and evenly spray the foliar fertilizer solution on the front and back sides of the fresh tobacco leaves to ensure that all parts of the surface of the fresh tobacco leaves are covered by the foliar fertilizer solution; if it rains the next day after the foliar spraying operation is completed, the fresh tobacco leaves should be appropriately sprayed again.

[0027] After the foliar fertilizer solution is sprayed on various places on the surface of the fresh tobacco leaves, a film will be formed on the surface of the fresh tobacco leaves, and the flue-cured tobacco plants absorb the foliar fertilizer through the surface of the fresh tobacco leaves; the foliar fertilizer provides a certain amount of sugar and aroma substances for the flue-cured tobacco, improves the aroma substance content and quality of the flue-cured tobacco, and has good practicality and application value. Using the foliar fertilizer to spray the fresh tobacco leaves in the field cultivation stage can change the composition or distribution ratio of the aroma substances in the tobacco leaves, and improve the quality and aroma from the source.

[0028] The present invention reasonably adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements, plant hormone gibberellin and glucose to the special foliar fertilizer for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco, and can specifically target the changes in nutrition, hormone and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco leaves after the loss of nutrient elements in the rainy tobacco area in the south, supplement tobacco leaf nutrients and hormones to promote tobacco leaf growth, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism to reduce nicotine synthesis and promote sugar formation, achieve full growth of tobacco leaves, natural maturity and coordinated regulation of chemical components, and significantly improve the aroma quality of tobacco leaves; in the rainy areas in the south, due to frequent rainfall, rainwater will take away some nutrients in the soil, especially soluble nutrients such as potassium, which will cause the flue-cured tobacco to lack necessary nutrients during the growth process, thereby affecting the normal growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The foliar fertilizer prepared in the present invention can directly provide the required nutrients for flue-cured tobacco, supplement the nutrients lost due to rain erosion, and ensure the healthy growth of flue-cured tobacco.

[0029] Table 1: Content of each component in foliar fertilizer

[0030]

[0031] As shown in Table 1, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco stem extract are necessary nutrients for plant growth and are also important indicators for evaluating the quality of plant nutrient solutions; the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco stem extract is in the range of 1.663 to 5.748 g / L; the tobacco stem extract contains medium elements Ca and Mg and trace elements such as Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo, and Cu; applying medium and trace element fertilizers to the flue-cured tobacco can improve the root morphology, promote the growth of tobacco plants, increase the proportion and yield of medium and high-quality tobacco, optimize the quality, and increase the economic benefits; the tobacco stem extract is regarded as a quantitative amount, which is set as 1L or n L (n≥0), and the density of the tobacco stem extract is regarded as 1Kg / L, so as to determine the amount of other components; the amino acid raw powder is rich in free amino acids, which are used to supplement the nutrition of tobacco plants. Amino acids, as the basic unit of protein, are a very effective animal and plant nutrient, and have high activity and play an important role in all organisms; amino acid foliar fertilizer has a certain effect on the agronomic traits and physiological characteristics of Yunyan 87 variety, and can effectively promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, increase the output value, and increase the proportion of orange-yellow tobacco leaves and high-quality tobacco; according to the application concentration in the instructions, the main amount of the amino acid raw powder is The amino acid raw powder is 0.2% to 1% of the foliar fertilizer solution. The amino acid raw powder required in 50L of the total foliar fertilizer solution is 50Kg*0.2% to 50Kg*1%, that is, 100g to 500g; the potassium nitrate is used as a chemical fertilizer to supplement nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The potassium nitrate is diluted 500-1000 times when sprayed. The potassium nitrate required in 50L of the total foliar fertilizer solution according to the dilution multiple is 50Kg / 1000 to 50Kg / 500, that is, 50g to 100g; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate has the effect of sweetening and improving the quality. It is extracted from the by-product of corn starch to improve the quality of the flue-cured tobacco. Compared with mineral potassium dihydrogen phosphate, material potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a faster dissolution speed and can be used for aerial spraying. It is more affordable than expanded mineral potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The role of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in foliar fertilizer is to supplement phosphorus and potassium to meet the growth needs of tobacco. According to the application concentration in the instructions, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted 500-1000 times when sprayed. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate required in 50L of foliar fertilizer total solution is 50Kg / 1000-50Kg / 500, that is, 50g-100g. The gibberellin can expand tobacco leaves, regulate the growth of tobacco plants, and promote the growth of tobacco stems. According to 0.The dosage is 1mg / L~1mg / L, and the required gibberellin in 50L of foliar fertilizer total solution is 5mg~50mg; the glucose can increase the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in plants, enhance the ability of crops to produce nutrients through photosynthesis, reduce physiological problems caused by malnutrition, increase the glucose content in plants, and increase the concentration of cell fluid; when used, it is diluted 300-500 times, and the required glucose in 50L of foliar fertilizer total solution according to the dilution multiple is 50Kg / 500~50Kg / 200, that is, 100g~250g. .

[0032] The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. The tests and detection methods involved in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0033] In this embodiment, Yunyan 87, a flue-cured tobacco variety, was used as the test tobacco.

[0034] The experiment was conducted in Yongfeng County, Ji'an, Jiangxi Province in 2023. The soil type was paddy soil. The test site was selected to be representative, consistent with the previous crop, uniform soil fertility, flat ground, convenient drainage and irrigation, and medium to high fertility. The foliar fertilizer was prepared by mixing 1L tobacco stem extract, 100g amino acid raw powder, 80g potassium nitrate, 80g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10mg gibberellin and 100g glucose.

[0035] Cultivation method: The experimental field is set up in an area of ​​3*666.7㎡. The cultivation method is conventional. All tobacco seedlings are planted in a centralized floating seedling cultivation system. The row spacing is 120cm, the plant spacing is 55cm, and the density is 1100 plants / 666.7㎡.

[0036] Three test settings were adopted: CK: conventional treatment + spraying of clean water (1*666.7㎡); T1: conventional treatment + spraying of homemade tobacco foliar fertilizer 1 (1*666.7㎡); T2: conventional treatment + spraying of homemade tobacco foliar fertilizer 2 (1*666.7㎡); other field plantings were carried out according to the standardized measures for tobacco leaf production; among them, the homemade tobacco foliar fertilizer 1 sprayed was a 1:50 dilution of the flue-cured tobacco stem extract stock solution; the homemade tobacco foliar fertilizer 2 sprayed was the foliar fertilizer prepared by the present invention, which was diluted 50 times with clean water when used.

[0037] Table 2: Determination of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves after various treatments

[0038]

[0039] Determination of the content of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves after various treatments as shown in Table 2. Among them, the total amount of carotenoid-derived products mainly includes the contents of 17 substances: "linalool, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, farnesyl acetone, β-damascenone, β-ionone, geranyl acetone, β-ionone, megastigmatrienone 1, megastigmatrienone 2, megastigmatrienone 3, megastigmatrienone 4, 3-hydroxy-β-damascenone, spirorenone, isophorone oxide, dihydroactinidiolide, 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenol"; the total amount of phenylalanine-derived substances mainly includes the contents of 4 substances: "benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, phenethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol"; the total amount of browning products mainly includes the contents of 6 substances: "furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 2-acetylfuran, furfuryl alcohol, 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-furan, 2-acetylpyrrole"; the cembranoids are solanone; the chlorophyll is neophytadiene.

[0040] As can be seen from Table 2: The total amount of carotenoid-derived aroma substances in each treatment shows: CK < T1 < T2. Among the contents of browning reaction products in each treatment, the browning reaction in tobacco leaves is a type of non-enzymatic browning reaction, also known as the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction mechanism between sugars and amino acids in tobacco is very complex, and some of its reaction products have pleasant scents, making beneficial contributions to the taste and aroma of flue-cured tobacco; the chlorophyll is neophytadiene, and neophytadiene is the substance with the highest content in tobacco aroma components, accounting for more than 60% of the volatile fragrance of tobacco. Therefore, it occupies a dominant position in the aroma of flue-cured tobacco; in the cured B2F and C3F tobacco leaves under different cultivation and topdressing measures, CK < T1 < T2, and the total amount of neophytadiene in the T2 treatment is the highest and significantly higher than other treatments; generally speaking, the total amount of neutral aroma substances shows CK < T1 < T2. The treatment method adopted in the T2 treatment has the greatest impact on the components of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances is significantly higher than other treatments.

[0041] It can be known from the test results that: Compared with the flue-cured tobacco leaves harvested without treatment after being treated with the foliar fertilizer described in the present invention, the total content of neutral volatile aroma substances and the contents of each main chemical component in C3F and B2F tobacco leaves have all increased, improving the aroma quality of the tobacco leaves; the foliar fertilizer in the present invention can be reasonably applied in combination with other fertilizers, improving the growth environment of organic tobacco plants and enhancing the quality of tobacco; enhancing the flavor substances of tobacco; enhancing the economic effect of organic tobacco production.

[0042] The above has described the present invention in detail in combination with the embodiments. However, those skilled in the art can understand that without departing from the concept of the present invention, various specific parameters in the above embodiments can be changed, which are all within the common change range of the present invention and will not be elaborated one by one here.

[0043] The cultivation method for improving the quality and enhancing the aroma of flue-cured tobacco provided by the present invention is suitable for rainy tobacco-growing areas in the south. Firstly, the prepared foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the content and quality of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves. Secondly, the raw materials of the foliar fertilizer, such as tobacco stem extract, amino acid raw powder, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gibberellin, glucose, etc., are widely available, cheap and easy to purchase. Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer is extremely simple to prepare, and after the components are fully mixed, clean water is added and stirred to be evenly dissolved. The foliar fertilizer is simple to produce, low in cost, easy to use and easy to master, with better effects than the prior art and no environmental pollution. Spraying the foliar fertilizer solution during the cultivation stage can change the aroma substance composition or distribution ratio of the tobacco leaves, thereby improving the quality and enhancing the aroma from the source, and has extremely high application value. The quality-improving and aroma-enhancing foliar fertilizer provided by the present invention is sprayed on the leaf surface of fresh tobacco leaves, which, on the one hand, promotes the opening of the stomata of the flesh cells of the fresh tobacco leaves, reduces the moisture content and makes the tobacco leaves easy to turn yellow, and on the other hand, supplements potassium ions, aroma substances and sugars for tobacco, increases the potassium content and aroma substance content of the cured tobacco leaves, and effectively improves and enhances the baking quality of tobacco leaves. The spraying operation of the foliar fertilizer solution in the field cultivation stage can change the composition or distribution ratio of the aroma substances in the tobacco leaves, improve the quality and aroma from the source, and solve the technical problem that it is difficult to achieve quality improvement and aroma enhancement at a low cost in the traditional ecological organic tobacco cultivation process.

[0044] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the quality and aroma of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Plant flue-cured tobacco in the rainy tobacco areas in the south; Step 2: prepare foliar fertilizer; the components in the foliar fertilizer and the mass fractions of each component are as follows: 1000 parts of tobacco stem extract, 100-500 parts of amino acid raw powder, 50-100 parts of potassium nitrate, 50-100 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005-0.05 parts of gibberellin, 100-250 parts of glucose; The foliar fertilizer is prepared by adding the components in proportion and mixing them thoroughly; Step three: before and after topping the flue-cured tobacco plants, spray the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco with the prepared foliar fertilizer at least once.

2. The method for improving the quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tobacco stem extract, the amino acid raw powder, the potassium nitrate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the gibberellin are pre-mixed in proportion and fermented for half a year; when the mixture is about to be used, the glucose is added to prepare the foliar fertilizer.

3. The method for improving the quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, characterized in that: When using the foliar fertilizer, dilute it 50 times with clean water to prepare a foliar fertilizer solution that can be sprayed.

4. The method for improving the quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, characterized in that: A time period avoiding direct sunlight is selected to perform foliar spraying on the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco; if it rains the next day after the foliar spraying operation is completed, the fresh tobacco leaves should be appropriately sprayed again.

5. The method for improving the quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before and after topping the flue-cured tobacco plants, the foliar fertilizer solution is evenly sprayed on the front and back sides of the fresh tobacco leaves to ensure that all surfaces of the fresh tobacco leaves are covered by the foliar fertilizer solution.

6. The method for improving the quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco stem extract is in the range of 1.663 to 5.748 g / L; the tobacco stem extract contains medium-amount elements Ca and Mg as well as trace elements such as Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo and Cu.

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