Tractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery

Abstract

The invention is applied to the technical field of oral and maxillofacial surgical operations, and discloses a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgical operations, which comprises a bearing headrest, a groove for placing the head of a patient is formed in the upper surface of the bearing headrest, and a lateral traction mechanism is arranged on the side surface of the bearing headrest. And the stability of the transverse traction effect is ensured by controlling the lateral traction force. According to the retractor for the oral and maxillofacial surgery, the transverse traction plates which can be adaptively adjusted according to the mouth of a patient are arranged on the two sides of the bearing headrest, so that after the head of the patient is placed in the groove, the corners of the mouth can be pulled open to the two sides by the transverse traction plates on the two sides; a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of a traction rod to detect the pulling resistance borne by a transverse traction plate, so that the situation that the mouth corners of a patient are injured due to too large pulling force is avoided, and the mode that a rotating plate is rotated after the patient lies on a supporting headrest is adopted, so that the rotating plate can provide an installation foundation for installation of a longitudinal traction plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, in particular to a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Background Art

[0002] Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a medical specialty that involves the treatment of diseases in the oral cavity, maxillofacial region, neck and other regions. The surgical operating space is small and the anatomical structure is complex. During the operation, in order to fully expose the surgical field and ensure the accuracy and safety of the operation, good tissue traction operation is crucial. Traditional traction methods usually rely on surgical assistants to use manual instruments for traction. However, this method has many limitations. Manual traction is difficult to maintain a stable traction force and angle, which can easily lead to poor traction effects and affect the exposure of the surgical field. On the contrary, a clear and fully exposed surgical field helps to improve the accuracy of the operation. The anatomical structure in the oral cavity is complex, containing many nerves, blood vessels and important tissues and organs. A good surgical field allows doctors to accurately identify lesions. The site and its surrounding tissue structures can be accurately removed during the operation to avoid damaging normal tissues and important structures, reducing the occurrence of surgical complications. Secondly, a good surgical field of view can ensure the safety of the operation. A clear field of view allows doctors to promptly detect bleeding points during the operation and perform effective hemostasis to reduce the risk of massive bleeding. At the same time, they can also promptly detect possible unexpected situations, such as tissue tearing, nerve damage, etc., so as to take appropriate emergency measures. Furthermore, an adequate surgical field of view can improve surgical efficiency and shorten the operation time. Doctors do not need to spend too much time looking for and identifying tissue structures, and can perform surgical operations more smoothly, reducing the time patients spend on the operating table, reducing patients' pain and anesthesia risks. A clear surgical field of view is also conducive to postoperative recovery and evaluation. Doctors can judge the effect of the operation more accurately and provide a reliable basis for subsequent treatment and rehabilitation plans. In short, a good oral surgical field of view is one of the key factors to ensure the success of the operation, reduce complications, and improve the prognosis of patients. From the perspective of human factors, long-term manual traction will make the assistant tired, and the traction action may be unstable, thereby increasing the risk of surgery. In addition, some existing retractors have design deficiencies. Some retractors have complex structures and cumbersome operations, which increase the surgical preparation time and difficulty of operation. Some retractors have poor fit with tissues, which can easily cause tissue damage and affect postoperative recovery. Some retractors use a simple clamp-type structure with a fixed jaw shape, which is difficult to use. In order to adapt to tissues of different parts and shapes, the fit with the tissues is poor, which not only affects the traction effect, but may also cause unnecessary squeezing and damage to the tissues. Although some retractors have been improved in shape, they are cumbersome to operate and require multiple adjustments to achieve the ideal traction position and angle, which increases the surgical preparation time and operation difficulty. In addition, some retractors are made of improper materials, have high hardness, and lack sufficient flexibility, which can easily cause discomfort to patients during the traction process. With the continuous development of medical technology, minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Minimally invasive surgery has higher requirements for surgical fields and requires more sophisticated, flexible and stable retractors to meet surgical needs. Therefore, a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery to solve the problem of inconvenience in using the retractor mentioned in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery, comprising a supporting headrest, wherein the upper surface of the supporting headrest is provided with a groove for placing the patient's head, and the side surface of the supporting headrest is provided with a lateral traction mechanism, which ensures the stability of the lateral traction effect by controlling the lateral traction force.

[0005] Preferably, the lateral pulling mechanism includes: a sliding rod, which is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the supporting headrest, and the side surface of the supporting headrest is rotatably connected with an adjusting rod, the outer surfaces of the sliding rod and the adjusting rod are installed with a displacement seat, the upper end of the displacement seat is installed with a sliding pulling rod, and the upper end of the pulling rod is installed with a sliding angle rod, and the upper end of the angle rod is fixedly provided with a transverse pulling plate, the outer surface of the pulling rod is fixedly provided with a tooth block, the interior of the displacement seat is installed with a rotating transmission gear, and the interior of the side surface of the displacement seat is fixedly provided with an adjusting motor.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the lateral pulling mechanism can pull the corners of the patient's mouth with a certain pulling force, thereby ensuring the pulling effect without causing any injury to the patient.

[0007] Preferably, the lateral pulling mechanism further includes: a mounting plate, the mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper end of the pulling rod, a limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the lower end of the angle rod, and a pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the mounting plate on one side facing the limiting plate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure sensor can monitor the pulling force on the corners of the patient's mouth, so as to send an electrical signal to stop the operation of the regulating motor when the pulling force on the corners of the patient's mouth reaches the standard.

[0009] Preferably, a longitudinal pulling mechanism is provided at one end of the supporting headrest, and the longitudinal pulling mechanism is used to maintain a stable longitudinal pulling effect.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the longitudinal pulling mechanism can move relative to the supporting headrest to ensure the stability of the pulling.

[0011] Preferably, the longitudinal pulling mechanism includes: a function plate, which is arranged on the inner surface of one end of the supporting headrest, and a moving rod and a screw are installed on the side surface of the function plate facing the supporting headrest, a yield groove is opened on the side surface of the function plate, and a rotatable rotating plate is installed on the side surface of the function plate, a slot is opened on the side surface of the rotating plate, and an insertion rod is inserted into the inside of the slot, a longitudinal pulling plate is fixedly arranged on one end of the insertion rod, and a contact plate is rotatably installed on the other end of the insertion rod.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the insertion rod can be stably connected to the rotating plate and pull the patient's mandible as the rotating plate and the functional plate move.

[0013] Preferably, a head limiting mechanism is provided at one end of the supporting headrest to maintain compression and limitation on the patient's head by means of flexible limitation.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the patient's head can be prevented from moving randomly during the operation and affecting the normal progress of the operation.

[0015] Preferably, the head limiting mechanism comprises: a head limiting ring, which is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of a supporting headrest, a pressure chamber is provided inside one end of the supporting headrest where the head limiting ring is located, a piston plate is provided inside the pressure chamber, and a rotatable push rod is installed on one side surface of the piston plate, a connecting groove is provided inside one end of the head limiting ring, and a connecting hole is provided on the side surface of the connecting groove, a flexible limiting airbag is fixedly provided on the inner surface of the head limiting ring, a plug-in rod is fixedly provided on the side surface of the piston plate, and a pressure relief hole is provided at one end of the plug-in rod.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the plug-in rod can inject the gas inside the pressure chamber into the flexible limiting airbag while limiting the position of the head limiting ring.

[0017] Preferably, the sliding rod is slidably connected to the displacement seat, and the displacement seat is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod, and the adjustment rod is rotatably connected to the supporting headrest, the pulling rod and the angle rod are both arc-shaped in design, the tooth blocks are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the pulling rod, and the pulling rod is meshed with the transmission gear through the tooth blocks, and the rotating shaft of the transmission gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the adjusting motor, a spring is connected between the mounting plate and the limit plate, and the signal output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the signal input end of the adjusting motor.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure sensor can control the regulating motor to stop moving when the pressure reaches the standard.

[0019] Preferably, the function plate is fixedly connected to the moving rod, and the moving rod is slidably connected to the supporting headrest, the function plate is rotatably connected to the screw rod, and the screw rod is threadedly connected to the supporting headrest, the slots are evenly distributed on the upper side surface of the rotating plate, the contact plate and the insertion rod are staggered in a cross shape, and one end of the rotating plate is engaged with the clearance groove.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotating plate can provide an installation foundation for the insertion rod through rotation to position and install the longitudinal pulling plate.

[0021] Preferably, the head limiting ring is designed as a C-shaped opening, the pressure chamber and the piston plate are connected by sliding friction, one end of the push rod passes through the outer surface of the supporting headrest, and the push rod and the supporting headrest are threadedly connected, the upper end of the connecting groove is connected to the lower end of the flexible limiting airbag, one end of the connecting hole passes through the inner surface of the connecting groove, and the other end of the connecting hole passes through the outer surface of the head limiting ring, and the connecting hole is arranged opposite to the plug-in rod, the plug-in rod is of hollow design, the pressure relief hole is located at the end where the plug-in rod is connected to the piston plate, and the lower end of the pressure relief hole passes through the inner surface of the plug-in rod.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure relief hole can introduce air into the plug-in rod, and the plug-in rod can inject air into the flexible limiting airbag, so that the flexible limiting airbag expands to press the patient's head.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery:

[0024] 1. A transverse pulling plate is arranged on both sides of the supporting headrest, which can be adaptively adjusted according to the patient's mouth, so that after the patient's head is placed in the groove, the transverse pulling plates on both sides can pull the corners of the mouth to both sides;

[0025] Furthermore, by arranging a pressure sensor at the upper end of the pulling rod to detect the pulling resistance of the transverse pulling plate, the pulling force on the patient's mouth can be monitored to avoid the patient's mouth corner being damaged due to excessive pulling force.

[0026] 2. The rotating plate is rotated after the patient lies on the supporting headrest, so that the rotating plate can provide an installation basis for the installation of the longitudinal traction plate, and the longitudinal traction plate can stably traction the patient's mandible by moving the functional plate;

[0027] 3. The flexible limiting airbag on the inner surface of the head limiting ring is used to press the patient's head after inflation, so that the patient's head will not move during the operation, ensuring stability during the operation;

[0028] Furthermore, by inserting a connecting rod into one end of the head limiting ring to inflate the flexible limiting airbag simultaneously with the fibers of the head limiting ring, the stability of the head limiting ring is ensured, thereby facilitating the simultaneous limiting of the head limiting ring and the patient's head. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connection between the supporting headrest and the push rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the overall cutaway surface of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connection between the adjustment rod and the displacement seat of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connection of the insertion rod, the longitudinal pulling plate and the contact plate of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cross-section surface of the connection between the gear block and the transmission gear of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mounting plate, the limit plate and the pressure sensor connected in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cross-section surface of the functional plate, the moving rod and the screw rod of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connecting section of the connecting groove, the connecting hole and the flexible limiting airbag of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention in an overall unfolded state.

[0039] In the figure: 1. Supporting headrest; 2. Groove; 3. Sliding rod; 4. Adjusting rod; 5. Displacement seat; 6. Pulling rod; 7. Angle rod; 8. Horizontal pulling plate; 9. Tooth block; 10. Transmission gear; 11. Adjusting motor; 12. Mounting plate; 13. Limiting plate; 14. Pressure sensor; 15. Functional board; 16. Moving rod; 17. Screw rod; 18. Giving groove; 19. Turning plate; 20. Slot; 21. Inserting rod; 22. Longitudinal pulling plate; 23. Contact plate; 24. Head limiting ring; 25. Pressure chamber; 26. Piston plate; 27. Pushing rod; 28. Connecting groove; 29. ​​Connecting hole; 30. Flexible limiting airbag; 31. Connecting rod; 32. Pressure discharge hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] See also Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] The present embodiment discloses: a supporting headrest 1, a groove 2 for placing the patient's head is provided on the upper surface of the supporting headrest 1, and a lateral pulling mechanism is provided on the side surface of the supporting headrest 1, and the lateral pulling effect is ensured to be stable by controlling the lateral pulling force;

[0044] The lateral pulling mechanism includes: a sliding rod 3, the sliding rod 3 is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the supporting headrest 1, and the side surface of the supporting headrest 1 is rotatably connected with an adjusting rod 4, a displacement seat 5 is installed on the outer surface of the sliding rod 3 and the adjusting rod 4, a sliding pulling rod 6 is installed on the upper end of the displacement seat 5, and a sliding angle rod 7 is installed on the upper end of the pulling rod 6, and a transverse pulling plate 8 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the angle rod 7, a tooth block 9 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the pulling rod 6, a rotating transmission gear 10 is installed inside the displacement seat 5, and an adjusting motor 11 is fixedly installed inside the side surface of the displacement seat 5;

[0045] The lateral pulling mechanism further includes: a mounting plate 12, which is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the upper end of the pulling rod 6, a limit plate 13 is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the angle rod 7, and a pressure sensor 14 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the mounting plate 12 facing the limit plate 13;

[0046] The sliding rod 3 is slidably connected to the displacement seat 5, and the displacement seat 5 is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod 4, and the adjustment rod 4 is rotatably connected to the supporting headrest 1, the pulling rod 6 and the angle rod 7 are both arc-shaped, the tooth blocks 9 are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the pulling rod 6, and the pulling rod 6 is meshed and connected with the transmission gear 10 through the tooth blocks 9, and the rotating shaft of the transmission gear 10 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the adjustment motor 11, a spring is connected between the mounting plate 12 and the limit plate 13, and the signal output end of the pressure sensor 14 is electrically connected to the signal input end of the adjustment motor 11;

[0047] When the patient's head is placed in the groove 2 of the supporting headrest 1, the rotating adjustment rod 4 drives the displacement seat 5 to slide relative to the supporting headrest 1 on the sliding rod 3 through the threaded connection between the adjustment rod 4 and the displacement seat 5 until the lateral traction plate 8 is opposite to the corner of the patient's mouth. At this time, the lateral traction plate 8 is slid upward so that the lower end of the lateral traction plate 8 is engaged with the corner of the patient's mouth, and then the adjustment motor 11 is started. The adjustment motor 11 drives the traction rod 6 to slide through the engagement of the transmission gear 10 and the tooth block 9, so that the traction rod 6 pulls the corner of the patient's mouth through the angle rod 7 and the lateral traction plate 8 until the limit plate 13 at the lower end of the angle rod 7 slides to compress the spring between the mounting plate 12 and contact the pressure sensor 14. When the pressure sensor 14 detects that the pressure generated by the extrusion of the limit plate 13 meets the standard, it means that the traction force of the lateral traction plate 8 on the corner of the patient's mouth meets the standard.

[0048] Embodiment 2

[0049] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1 and discloses that: a longitudinal pulling mechanism is provided at one end of the supporting headrest 1, and the longitudinal pulling mechanism is used to maintain a stable longitudinal pulling effect;

[0050] The longitudinal pulling mechanism comprises: a function plate 15, the function plate 15 is arranged on the inner surface of one end of the supporting headrest 1, and a moving rod 16 and a screw rod 17 are installed on the side surface of the function plate 15 facing the supporting headrest 1, a yielding groove 18 is provided on the side surface of the function plate 15, and a rotating rotating plate 19 is installed on the side surface of the function plate 15, a slot 20 is provided on the side surface of the rotating plate 19, and an inserting rod 21 is inserted in the inside of the slot 20, a longitudinal pulling plate 22 is fixedly provided on one end of the inserting rod 21, and a contact plate 23 is rotatably installed on the other end of the inserting rod 21;

[0051] The function plate 15 is fixedly connected to the moving rod 16, and the moving rod 16 is slidably connected to the supporting headrest 1, the function plate 15 is rotatably connected to the screw rod 17, and the screw rod 17 is threadedly connected to the supporting headrest 1, the slots 20 are evenly distributed on the upper side surface of the rotating plate 19, the contact plate 23 and the insertion rod 21 are staggered in a cross shape, and one end of the rotating plate 19 is engaged with the clearance groove 18 for installation;

[0052] After the patient lies on the supporting headrest 1, the rotating plate 19 is rotated so that one end of the rotating plate 19 is engaged with the giving way groove 18, and then the insertion rod 21 is inserted into the slot 20 of a suitable height, and the contact plate 23 is rotated to limit the insertion rod 21. At this time, the longitudinal traction plate 22 is located in the patient's mouth, and then the rotating screw 17 drives the functional plate 15 to slide relative to the supporting headrest 1 through the moving rod 16 through the threaded connection with the supporting headrest 1. At this time, the longitudinal traction plate 22 pulls the patient's lower jaw during the sliding process.

[0053] Embodiment 3

[0054] This embodiment is disclosed on the basis of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2: a head limiting mechanism is provided at one end of the supporting headrest 1, which maintains the compression and limiting of the patient's head by means of flexible limiting;

[0055] The head limiting mechanism comprises: a head limiting ring 24, which is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the supporting headrest 1, a pressure chamber 25 is provided inside one end of the supporting headrest 1 where the head limiting ring 24 is located, a piston plate 26 is provided inside the pressure chamber 25, and a rotatable push rod 27 is installed on one side surface of the piston plate 26, a connecting groove 28 is provided inside one end of the head limiting ring 24, and a connecting hole 29 is provided on the side surface of the connecting groove 28, a flexible limiting airbag 30 is fixedly provided on the inner side surface of the head limiting ring 24, a plug-in rod 31 is fixedly provided on the side surface of the piston plate 26, and a pressure discharge hole 32 is provided at one end of the plug-in rod 31;

[0056] The head limit ring 24 is designed as a C-shaped opening, the pressure chamber 25 and the piston plate 26 are connected by sliding friction, one end of the push rod 27 passes through the outer surface of the supporting headrest 1, and the push rod 27 and the supporting headrest 1 are threadedly connected, the upper end of the connecting groove 28 is connected to the lower end of the flexible limit airbag 30, one end of the connecting hole 29 passes through the inner surface of the connecting groove 28, and the other end of the connecting hole 29 passes through the outer surface of the head limit ring 24, and the connecting hole 29 is arranged opposite to the plug rod 31, the plug rod 31 is of hollow design, the pressure relief hole 32 is located at the end where the plug rod 31 is connected to the piston plate 26, and the lower end of the pressure relief hole 32 passes through the inner surface of the plug rod 31;

[0057] When the patient's head is located in the groove 2, the head limiting ring 24 is rotated so that the head limiting ring 24 rotates upward to surround the patient's head, and then the push rod 27 is twisted. The push rod 27 rotates and drives the piston plate 26 to slide inside the pressure chamber 25 through the threaded connection with the supporting headrest 1. At this time, the piston plate 26 drives the plug-in rod 31 to slide and insert into the connecting hole 29 to limit the head limiting ring 24. At the same time, the compressed air in the pressure chamber 25 enters the plug-in rod 31 through the pressure discharge hole 32 and is injected into the flexible limiting airbag 30 through the connecting hole 29 and the connecting groove 28. The flexible limiting airbag 30 expands under the action of pressure and contacts the patient's head to achieve the purpose of pressing the patient's head.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery, comprising a supporting headrest (1), wherein the upper surface of the supporting headrest (1) is provided with a groove (2) for placing the patient's head, characterized in that: The side surface of the supporting headrest (1) is provided with a lateral pulling mechanism, and the lateral pulling effect is ensured to be stable by controlling the lateral pulling force.

2. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral pulling mechanism comprises: a sliding rod (3), the sliding rod (3) being fixedly arranged on the side surface of the supporting headrest (1), and the side surface of the supporting headrest (1) is rotatably connected to an adjusting rod (4), a displacement seat (5) is installed on the outer surfaces of the sliding rod (3) and the adjusting rod (4), a sliding pulling rod (6) is installed on the upper end of the displacement seat (5), and a sliding angle rod (7) is installed on the upper end of the pulling rod (6), and a transverse pulling plate (8) is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the angle rod (7), a tooth block (9) is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the pulling rod (6), a rotating transmission gear (10) is installed inside the displacement seat (5), and an adjusting motor (11) is fixedly installed inside the side surface of the displacement seat (5).

3. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lateral pulling mechanism further comprises: a mounting plate (12), wherein the mounting plate (12) is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the upper end of the pulling rod (6), a limiting plate (13) is fixedly arranged on the lower end of the angle rod (7), and a pressure sensor (14) is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of one side of the mounting plate (12) facing the limiting plate (13).

4. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the supporting headrest (1) is provided with a longitudinal pulling mechanism, and the longitudinal pulling mechanism is used to maintain a stable longitudinal pulling effect.

5. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The longitudinal pulling mechanism comprises: a function plate (15), the function plate (15) being arranged on the inner surface of one end of the supporting headrest (1), and a moving rod (16) and a screw rod (17) being installed on the side surface of the function plate (15) facing the supporting headrest (1), a clearance groove (18) being provided on the side surface of the function plate (15), and a rotatable rotating plate (19) being installed on the side surface of the function plate (15), a slot (20) being provided on the side surface of the rotating plate (19), and an inserting rod (21) being inserted into the interior of the slot (20), a longitudinal pulling plate (22) being fixedly arranged on one end of the inserting rod (21), and a contact plate (23) being rotatably installed on the other end of the inserting rod (21).

6. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the supporting headrest (1) is provided with a head limiting mechanism, which maintains a tight limit on the patient's head by means of flexible limiting.

7. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The head limiting mechanism comprises: a head limiting ring (24), the head limiting ring (24) is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the supporting headrest (1), a pressure chamber (25) is provided inside one end of the supporting headrest (1) where the head limiting ring (24) is located, a piston plate (26) is provided inside the pressure chamber (25), and a rotatable push rod (27) is installed on one side surface of the piston plate (26), a connecting groove (28) is provided inside one end of the head limiting ring (24), and a connecting hole (29) is provided on the side surface of the connecting groove (28), a flexible limiting airbag (30) is fixedly provided on the inner surface of the head limiting ring (24), a plug-in rod (31) is fixedly provided on the side surface of the piston plate (26), and a pressure discharge hole (32) is provided on one end of the plug-in rod (31).

8. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding rod (3) is slidably connected to the displacement seat (5), and the displacement seat (5) is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod (4), and the adjustment rod (4) is rotationally connected to the supporting headrest (1), the pulling rod (6) and the angle rod (7) are both arc-shaped, the tooth blocks (9) are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the pulling rod (6), and the pulling rod (6) is meshed with the transmission gear (10) through the tooth blocks (9), and the rotating shaft of the transmission gear (10) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the adjustment motor (11), a spring is connected between the mounting plate (12) and the limit plate (13), and the signal output end of the pressure sensor (14) is electrically connected to the signal input end of the adjustment motor (11).

9. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The function plate (15) is fixedly connected to the moving rod (16), and the moving rod (16) is slidably connected to the supporting headrest (1), the function plate (15) is rotatably connected to the screw rod (17), and the screw rod (17) is threadedly connected to the supporting headrest (1), the slots (20) are evenly distributed on the upper end side surface of the rotating plate (19), the contact plate (23) and the insertion rod (21) are staggered in a cross shape, and one end of the rotating plate (19) is engaged with the clearance groove (18) for installation.

10. The retractor for oral and maxillofacial surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The head limiting ring (24) is designed to be C-shaped and open. The pressure chamber (25) and the piston plate (26) are connected by sliding friction. One end of the push rod (27) passes through the outer surface of the supporting headrest (1), and the push rod (27) and the supporting headrest (1) are threadedly connected. The upper end of the connecting groove (28) is connected to the lower end of the flexible limiting airbag (30). One end of the connecting hole (29) passes through the inner surface of the connecting groove (28), and the other end of the connecting hole (29) passes through the outer surface of the head limiting ring (24), and the connecting hole (29) is arranged opposite to the plug rod (31). The plug rod (31) is designed to be hollow. The pressure relief hole (32) is located at the end where the plug rod (31) is connected to the piston plate (26), and the lower end of the pressure relief hole (32) passes through the inner surface of the plug rod (31).

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