A low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fire protection engineering and discloses a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials: a penetrant, a passivator, an impedance agent, a composite cooling agent, a hydrocarbon surfactant, a special silicon surfactant, and deionized water. The special silicon surfactant is prepared by reacting a maltose powder-modified organosilicon intermediate with an organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant. The maltose powder-modified organosilicon intermediate is reacted with tetramethyldisiloxane and allyl glycidyl ether and then further reacted with maltose powder to prepare the agent. The organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant is reacted with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride and then quaternized with 3-bromopropylene. The special silicon surfactant added in the invention can quickly extinguish open flames and has good flame retardancy, thereby preventing the spread of flames.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection engineering, and in particular relates to a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxides as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. They have high energy density, large capacity, and long cycle life, making them widely used in new energy vehicles and energy storage. However, lithium battery fires have become frequent in recent years. The cause is the thermal abuse of lithium batteries during long-term use, which leads to thermal runaway. In particular, when lithium batteries overheat, short-circuit, or squeeze, the imbalance between heat generation and heat dissipation can induce side reactions in the battery's internal electrode materials and electrolyte, generating large amounts of flammable and toxic gases and releasing heat. Once they encounter an ignition source, they can cause fires or even explosions, seriously endangering people's lives and property.

[0003] Lithium battery fires are very complex and special. They include gas fires, liquid fires, solid fires, and electrical fires. Some materials can release oxygen at high temperatures to support combustion. In addition, since it is difficult for fire extinguishing agents to enter the lithium battery casing and the internal thermal runaway reaction continues, even after the use of fire extinguishing agents, it is easy for re-ignition and thermal runaway propagation to occur. Therefore, fire fighting is very difficult and challenging. In recent years, existing technologies have used fine water mist, water spray, etc. to extinguish lithium battery fires, but the effect is not ideal. After the open flame is extinguished, the lithium battery will still re-ignite and the thermal runaway propagation between battery packs cannot be effectively suppressed.

[0004] Through the study of lithium battery thermal runaway, it was found that lithium battery fires are not simple electrical fires, and involve three types of fire: A, B, and C. Among them, Class A fires are mainly caused by the combustion of solid objects such as battery shells due to external heat radiation or self-generation of heat; Class B fires are mainly caused by the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery, the internal temperature gradually rises, the pressure increases, and after the battery pressure relief valve opens, the electrolyte sprays out, causing liquid jet fire; Class C fires are caused by the high temperature, and part of the electrolyte, negative electrode materials, and positive electrode materials are decomposed by heat to produce gas, which is also ejected from the pressure relief valve, forming premixed combustion. Therefore, it is difficult for general fire extinguishing agents to effectively extinguish the fire. In addition, as the country continues to strengthen strict control over environmental protection and pay attention to environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, there is an urgent need for a low-energy and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address the deficiencies mentioned in the above-mentioned background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The special silicon surfactant added in the present invention has good adhesion and isolation properties, can adhere to the surface and interior of the lithium battery, and thus quickly extinguish the open flame. At the same time, it has good flame retardancy, can inhibit combustion, and prevent the spread of flames.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following raw material components by weight: 10-15% penetrant, 25-35% passivator, 10-15% impedance agent, 35-55% composite cooling agent, 0.5-2% hydrocarbon surfactant, 0.1-1% special silicon surfactant, and the remainder being deionized water;

[0008] The special silicone surfactant is prepared by a silylation reaction between a malt syrup powder-modified organosilicon intermediate and an organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant; the malt syrup powder-modified organosilicon intermediate is prepared by a silylation reaction between tetramethyldisiloxane and an allyl glycidyl ether molecule, followed by a ring-opening reaction with malt syrup powder; the organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant is prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride, followed by quaternization treatment with 3-bromopropylene.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the special silicon surfactant comprises the following steps:

[0010] A. Tetramethyldisiloxane, allyl glycidyl ether, and isopropanol were placed in a reactor, ultrasonically mixed, introduced with nitrogen, heated to 80-90°C, and added with 0.002-0.005% by mass of chloroplatinic acid catalyst. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 3-5 hours, and then the isopropanol and unreacted products were removed by distillation under reduced pressure to prepare an organosilicon intermediate.

[0011] B. Place the organosilicon intermediate, N,N-dimethylformamide, and isopropanol in a reactor and mix them evenly by ultrasonication. Then, add malt sugar powder, deionized water, and sodium hydroxide. After stirring for 0.5-1 hour, raise the temperature to 85-95°C and react at this constant temperature for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, adjust the pH value of the system to neutral. Then, remove the isopropanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a malt sugar powder-modified organosilicon intermediate.

[0012] C. Place N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, triethylamine, and dichloromethane in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, add perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride in an ice bath, and stir the reaction at 25-30°C for 5-6 hours to prepare a fluorocarbon surfactant.

[0013] D. Place 3-bromopropylene and anhydrous ethanol in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, raise the temperature to 40-45°C, add a fluorocarbon surfactant, stir and react for 1-2 hours, raise the temperature to 50-55°C, continue the constant temperature reaction for 6-8 hours, and after completion of the reaction, remove the anhydrous ethanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant;

[0014] E. Place an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant, isopropyl alcohol, malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate and chloroplatinic acid in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, stir and mix evenly, raise the temperature to 85-100°C, and react for 6-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, remove the isopropyl alcohol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a special silicone surfactant.

[0015] Preferably, the molar ratio of tetramethyldisiloxane to allyl glycidyl ether in step A is 1:1-1.2; and the molar ratio of the organosilicon intermediate to malt sugar powder in step B is 1:1-1.7.

[0016] Preferably, the molar ratio of 3-bromopropylene to the fluorocarbon surfactant in step D is 1-1.2:1; and the molar ratio of the organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant to the malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate in step E is 1-1.2:1.

[0017] Preferably, the penetrant is formed by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.

[0018] Preferably, the passivating agent is one or more combinations of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, strontium carbonate and calcium carbonate; the resisting agent is one or more combinations of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide and titanium dioxide.

[0019] Preferably, the composite cooling agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1-2; and the hydrocarbon surfactant is cocamide.

[0020] Preferably, the conductivity of the deionized water is lower than 50 μS / cm.

[0021] A method for preparing a low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1. Weigh the raw material components according to the weight ratio, put the penetrant, passivator, impedance agent and composite cooling agent into the reactor, stir and mix to form a composite;

[0023] S2. Add hydrocarbon surfactant, special silicon surfactant and deionized water to the composite in sequence, stir and mix evenly, and let it stand at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours to obtain a pre-finished product;

[0024] S3. The pre-finished product is allowed to settle for 10 days and shipped out after passing the test, thereby obtaining a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the stirring speed is set to 30-50 r / min, the temperature is set to 15-40°C, and the stirring time is set to 30 min; in step S2, the stirring speed is set to 45-50 r / min, the temperature is set to 15-40°C, and the stirring time is set to 60 min.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The present invention utilizes tetramethyl disiloxane and an allyl glycidyl ether molecule to undergo a silylation reaction to prepare an organosilicon intermediate, and then the epoxy group in the organosilicon intermediate structure and the hydroxyl group in the malt sugar powder structure undergo a ring-opening reaction to prepare a malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate. At the same time, the present invention utilizes the amino group in the N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-diaminopropane structure and the sulfonyl fluoride group in the perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride structure to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction to prepare a fluorocarbon surfactant, and then uses the fluorocarbon surfactant as a raw material and uses 3-bromopropylene to perform a quaternization treatment on the fluorocarbon surfactant to prepare an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant, and then the double bond group introduced in the structure of the organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant is reacted with the malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate. The ungrafted silicon-hydrogen bonds in the body structure further undergo silicon-hydrogen addition reaction to prepare a special silicon surfactant, which contains hydrophilic maltose powder and hydrophobic fluorine-containing long chains in its structure. It can be better adsorbed on the surface of the passivator or resistor, so that the particles are evenly dispersed in the system, thereby improving the physical stability of the fire extinguishing agent. In addition, the special silicon surfactant has a branched carbon chain structure, which can increase the steric hindrance of the molecule, making the molecule more compact when adsorbed on the interface, thereby improving its surface activity. At the same time, the longer fluorocarbon chain and organosilicon increase the hydrophobicity of the molecule, which can form a more stable protective film in the fire extinguishing agent, thereby improving the effect of suppressing flames. The introduced ether bond increases the flexibility of the molecule and can change the surface activity of the molecule at the same time, thereby regulating its interfacial activity and the effect of suppressing flames in the fire extinguishing agent. The special silicon surfactant added by the present invention has good adhesion and isolation properties, can adhere to the surface and interior of the lithium battery, thereby quickly extinguishing open flames, and has good flame retardancy, which can suppress combustion and prevent the spread of flames.

[0028] The penetrant and passivator added to the present invention help slow down and terminate the electrochemical reaction of lithium batteries. The impedance agent blocks the rate of electron mobility, reducing the current and further reducing the thermal efficiency. The added composite cooling agent also reduces the battery's thermochemical energy, further reducing the occurrence of battery fires. The fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention is practical and versatile, with a wide range of applications and suitability for various types of fires. During the production process, the production cycle is short, energy consumption is low, storage and transportation are convenient, stability is good, and the effective service life can reach 5 years. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1 A method for preparing a special silicon surfactant comprises the following steps:

[0033] A. 3.4 g of tetramethyldisiloxane, 3.4 g of allyl glycidyl ether, and 50 mL of a 30% by mass isopropanol solution were placed in a reactor, ultrasonically mixed, introduced with nitrogen, and heated to 85° C. 0.003% by mass of chloroplatinic acid catalyst was added, and the mixture was reacted at this temperature for 4 h. The isopropanol and unreacted products were then removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain an organosilicon intermediate.

[0034] B. Take 5.2g of the organosilicon intermediate, 10mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 30mL of isopropanol in a reactor, mix them evenly with ultrasound, then add 9g of malt sugar powder, 40mL of deionized water and 0.3g of sodium hydroxide, stir for 0.5h, then heat to 90°C, and react at this temperature for 4h. After the reaction is completed, add cationic resin to adjust the pH value of the system to neutral, remove the resin in the solution by suction filtration, and then remove isopropanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate;

[0035] C. Take 5.1 g of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 5.1 g of triethylamine and 40 mL of dichloromethane in a reactor, pass nitrogen through the reaction, add 9.1 g of perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride in an ice bath, and stir the reaction at 25°C for 6 hours to prepare a fluorocarbon surfactant;

[0036] D. Take 6.5g of 3-bromopropylene and 50mL of anhydrous ethanol in a reactor, pass nitrogen into the reaction, raise the temperature to 45°C, add 19.2g of fluorocarbon surfactant, stir and react for 1h, raise the temperature to 55°C, continue to react at this temperature for 8h, and after the reaction is completed, remove the anhydrous ethanol and unreacted products by distillation under reduced pressure to prepare an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant;

[0037] E. Take 12.6g of organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant, 50mL of isopropyl alcohol, 15.2g of malt sugar powder modified silicone intermediate and 25μL of chloroplatinic acid in a reactor, pass nitrogen through the reaction, stir and mix evenly, raise the temperature to 100℃, and react for 7h. After the reaction is completed, remove isopropyl alcohol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a special silicone surfactant.

[0038] Example 2 A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw material components by weight: 13.6% penetrant, 25.7% passivator magnesium carbonate, 10.1% impedance agent silicon dioxide, 50% composite cooling agent, 1.8% hydrocarbon surfactant cocamide, 0.9% special silicon surfactant prepared in Example 1, and the remainder being deionized water; wherein the penetrant is formed by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the composite cooling agent is formed by mixing sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0039] The preparation method of the low-energy and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1. Weigh the raw material components according to the weight ratio, put the penetrant, passivator, impedance agent and composite cooling agent into the reactor, stir and mix, set the stirring speed to 30r / min, the temperature to 20°C, and the stirring time to 30min to form a composite;

[0041] S2. Add hydrocarbon surfactant, special silicon surfactant and deionized water to the composite in sequence, stir and mix evenly, set the stirring speed to 45 r / min, the temperature to 30° C., the stirring time to 60 min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to obtain a pre-finished product;

[0042] S3. The pre-finished product is allowed to settle for 10 days and shipped out after passing the test, thereby obtaining a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent.

[0043] Example 3 A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw material components by weight: 11.7% of a penetrant, 28.8% of a passivating agent magnesium carbonate, 14.4% of an impedance agent silicon dioxide, 45.2% of a composite cooling agent, 1.6% of a hydrocarbon surfactant cocamide, 0.5% of a special silicon surfactant prepared in Example 1, and the remainder being deionized water; wherein the penetrant is formed by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the composite cooling agent is formed by mixing sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0044] The preparation method of the low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is the same as that of Example 2.

[0045] Example 4 A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw material components by weight: 14.5% penetrant, 32.8% passivating agent magnesium carbonate, 12.6% resistive agent silicon dioxide, 37.9% composite cooling agent, 0.7% hydrocarbon surfactant cocamide, 1% special silicon surfactant prepared in Example 1, and the remainder being deionized water; wherein the penetrant is formed by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the composite cooling agent is formed by mixing sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0046] The preparation method of the low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is the same as that of Example 2.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant comprises the following steps:

[0048] A. Take 5.1 g of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 5.1 g of triethylamine and 40 mL of dichloromethane in a reactor, pass nitrogen through the reaction, add 9.1 g of perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride in an ice bath, and stir the reaction at 25°C for 6 hours to prepare a fluorocarbon surfactant;

[0049] B. Take 6.5g of 3-bromopropylene and 50mL of anhydrous ethanol in a reactor, pass nitrogen through the reaction, raise the temperature to 45°C, add 19.2g of fluorocarbon surfactant, stir and react for 1h, raise the temperature to 55°C, continue to react at this temperature for 8h, and after the reaction is completed, remove the anhydrous ethanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw material components by weight: 13.6% penetrant, 25.7% passivating agent magnesium carbonate, 10.1% impedance agent silicon dioxide, 50% composite cooling agent, 1.8% hydrocarbon surfactant cocamide, 0.9% organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the rest is deionized water; wherein the penetrant is formed by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the composite cooling agent is formed by mixing sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0051] The preparation method of the low-energy and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Weigh the raw material components according to the weight ratio, put the penetrant, passivator, impedance agent and composite cooling agent into the reactor, stir and mix, set the stirring speed to 30r / min, the temperature to 20°C, and the stirring time to 30min to form a composite;

[0053] S2. Add hydrocarbon surfactant, organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant and deionized water to the composite in sequence, stir and mix evenly, set the stirring speed to 45 r / min, the temperature to 30° C., the stirring time to 60 min, and let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to obtain a pre-finished product;

[0054] S3. The pre-finished product is allowed to settle for 10 days and shipped out after passing the test, thereby obtaining a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent.

[0055] Performance testing

[0056] The low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 2 was subjected to performance testing in accordance with GB 15308-2006, and the data results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Performance test results of fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 2

[0058]

[0059] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention is suitable for extinguishing a variety of fires, including Class A and Class B, especially alcohol gasoline fires, and is more practical than foam fire extinguishing agents on the market.

[0060] The low-energy and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 2-4 and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to fire extinguishing performance testing. The ternary lithium battery was charged to a battery state of charge ≥100% and placed on a fire extinguishing tray in an explosion test chamber. Two thermocouples were respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the lithium battery. The fire extinguishing agent was sprayed toward the lithium battery through a water mist nozzle on the upper part of the explosion test chamber. The nozzle was an ordinary foam type nozzle with an aperture of 5.8 mm and a flow rate of 0.06 L / s. The main nozzle and the backup nozzle were 52.44 cm away from the upper surface of the lithium battery, respectively. The heating device was a 3kW electric furnace at the bottom of the lithium battery. The data results are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 Sample fire extinguishing performance test results

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 2-4 of the present invention can extinguish open flames within 8 seconds. The cooling rate of the lower surface temperature of the lithium battery from the start of spraying the fire extinguishing agent to 95°C is faster than that of Comparative Example 2. The fire extinguishing agent is sprayed again to continue cooling. The total amount of fire extinguishing agent used is about 3.4 kg, which can effectively extinguish the open flame generated by thermal runaway of the lithium battery and curb the development and spread of the fire.

[0064] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The composition is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: penetrant 10-15%, passivator 25-35%, impedance agent 10-15%, composite cooling agent 35-55%, hydrocarbon surfactant 0.5-2%, special silicon surfactant 0.1-1%, and the rest is deionized water; The special silicone surfactant is prepared by a silylation reaction between a malt syrup powder-modified organosilicon intermediate and an organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant; the malt syrup powder-modified organosilicon intermediate is prepared by a silylation reaction between tetramethyldisiloxane and an allyl glycidyl ether molecule, followed by a ring-opening reaction with malt syrup powder; the organic ammonium salt-type fluorocarbon surfactant is prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride, followed by quaternization treatment with 3-bromopropylene.

2. The low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the special silicon surfactant comprises the following steps: A. Tetramethyldisiloxane, allyl glycidyl ether, and isopropanol were placed in a reactor, ultrasonically mixed, introduced with nitrogen, heated to 80-90°C, and added with 0.002-0.005% by mass of chloroplatinic acid catalyst. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 3-5 hours, and then the isopropanol and unreacted products were removed by distillation under reduced pressure to prepare an organosilicon intermediate. B. Place the organosilicon intermediate, N,N-dimethylformamide, and isopropanol in a reactor and mix them evenly by ultrasonication. Then, add malt sugar powder, deionized water, and sodium hydroxide. After stirring for 0.5-1 hour, raise the temperature to 85-95°C and react at this constant temperature for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, adjust the pH value of the system to neutral. Then, remove the isopropanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a malt sugar powder-modified organosilicon intermediate. C. Place N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, triethylamine, and dichloromethane in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, add perfluorobutylsulfonyl fluoride in an ice bath, and stir the reaction at 25-30°C for 5-6 hours to prepare a fluorocarbon surfactant. D. Place 3-bromopropylene and anhydrous ethanol in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, raise the temperature to 40-45°C, add a fluorocarbon surfactant, stir and react for 1-2 hours, raise the temperature to 50-55°C, continue the constant temperature reaction for 6-8 hours, and after completion of the reaction, remove the anhydrous ethanol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant; E. Place an organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant, isopropyl alcohol, malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate and chloroplatinic acid in a reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reaction, stir and mix evenly, raise the temperature to 85-100°C, and react for 6-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, remove the isopropyl alcohol and unreacted products by vacuum distillation to prepare a special silicone surfactant.

3. The low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molar ratio of tetramethyldisiloxane to allyl glycidyl ether in step A is 1:1-1.2; and the molar ratio of the organosilicon intermediate to malt sugar powder in step B is 1:1-1.

7.

4. The low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The molar ratio of 3-bromopropylene to the fluorocarbon surfactant in step D is 1-1.2:1; and the molar ratio of the organic ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant to the malt sugar powder modified organosilicon intermediate in step E is 1-1.2:

1.

5. The low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The penetrant is prepared by mixing perfluorohexanone and polydimethylsiloxane in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.

6. The low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passivating agent is one or more combinations of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, strontium carbonate and calcium carbonate; the resisting agent is one or more combinations of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide and titanium dioxide.

7. The low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite cooling agent is prepared by mixing sodium chloride and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1-2; and the hydrocarbon surfactant is cocamide.

8. The low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductivity of the deionized water is lower than 50 μS / cm.

9. The method for preparing the low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Weigh the raw material components according to the weight ratio, put the penetrant, passivator, impedance agent and composite cooling agent into the reactor, stir and mix to form a composite; S2. Add hydrocarbon surfactant, special silicon surfactant and deionized water to the composite in sequence, stir and mix evenly, and let it stand at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours to obtain a pre-finished product; S3. The pre-finished product is allowed to settle for 10 days and shipped out after passing the test, thereby obtaining a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent.

10. The method for preparing the low-energy, environmentally friendly lithium battery passivation fire extinguishing agent according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S1, the stirring speed is set to 30-50 r / min, the temperature is set to 15-40° C., and the stirring time is set to 30 min; in step S2, the stirring speed is set to 45-50 r / min, the temperature is set to 15-40° C., and the stirring time is set to 60 min.

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