Alloy preparation method and device for real-time control of additive manufacturing process

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to an alloy preparation method and device for real-time control of additive manufacturing processes. In order to solve the deviation between the actual cladding layer composition and the set value in the double-barrel powder supply printing process, the present invention adopts the following method: measuring the powder supply rate of each powder tray, calculating the theoretical rotation speed of each powder tray, obtaining the actual mass fraction of the powder in the cladding layer, optimizing the theoretical rotation speed of each powder tray when printing the next layer, determining the final product printing program, and adjusting the powder tray rotation speed in real time to change the powder supply amount, so that the composition of the actual cladding material is consistent with the set value, and obtaining the final product printing program. The equipment used in the above method includes a laser cladding platform, a mass-volume detection platform and a computer control platform. The above method can also be used to formulate a gradient material printing program and determine the powder utilization rate of the printing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to an alloy preparation method and device for real-time control of additive manufacturing processes. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an advanced manufacturing technology based on the idea of discrete accumulation, which uses a high-energy heat source to melt materials layer by layer and achieve three-dimensional forming. Due to its unique processing method, additive manufacturing not only has huge advantages in the preparation of large and complex parts, but also the extremely high cooling rate can reduce segregation and refine grains, which are advantages that traditional preparation methods do not have. According to the difference in powder supply method, powder additive manufacturing can be divided into powder feeding type and powder spreading type. Powder feeding additive manufacturing uses inert gas as a carrier to transport powder to the heat source and deposit it into shape, which has a high degree of production flexibility. At present, additive manufacturing technology is widely used in aerospace, precision instruments, medical equipment and other fields.

[0003] In industrial production, in order to obtain the alloy composition corresponding to the optimal microstructure and mechanical properties, large quantities of alloys with different compositions are usually prepared for research. In the powder feeding additive manufacturing process, based on the idea of high-throughput alloy preparation, the composition of the cladding material can be changed by controlling the powder disc speed of different powder hoppers. Compared with traditional smelting technology, this method can greatly improve the efficiency of alloy preparation. By characterizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys, the quantitative relationship between composition-structure-performance is obtained, so that the alloy composition that meets the relevant service performance can be quickly screened. In addition, this method can also produce gradient materials, which is an advantage that smelting technology and powder spreading additive manufacturing do not have.

[0004] During the printing process, due to differences in thermal properties, the utilization rates of powders with different compositions are not the same, which leads to deviations between the chemical composition of the actual cladding material and the set value. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to develop an additive manufacturing system that can control the powder supply in real time to obtain the set composition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an alloy preparation method and device for real-time control of additive manufacturing processes. This method addresses the compositional deviation caused by varying powder utilization in dual-powder-feed additive manufacturing processes, ensuring that the printed alloy composition conforms to the set value. The device also enables the preparation of gradient materials and the calculation of powder utilization during the printing process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process described in the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1 Determine the powder feeding rate of each powder tray: Place two different metal powders A and B in the hopper of the airflow powder feeder, and measure the powder output mass corresponding to different rotation speeds of a powder tray within a set time (for example, the powder output mass when the rotation speed of the powder tray is 0.5rpm, 1.0rpm, 1.5rpm, 2.0rpm and 2.5rpm within 1 minute). Plot the measured results into a curve and fit the slope of the curve, which is defined as the powder feeding rate of the powder tray. F (g / min / r);

[0009] S2 obtains the theoretical rotation speed of each powder disc: Set the alloy composition and calculate the set mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the alloy x A1 and x B1 , and formulate appropriate theoretical powder tray speed and other printing parameters. The theoretical powder tray speed is the speed when printing the first layer. The printing code is generated in the software control system and imported into the controller of the mechanical transmission arm;

[0010] Theoretical rotation speed of powder pan of A powder and B powder n A1 and n B1 Set according to the following formula:

[0011] {n}_{A1}=\frac {{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{A}{ρ}_{B}{V}_{t}} {{F}_{A}\left [ {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}+{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{B}} \right ]} ,

[0012] {n}_{B1}=\frac {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}{ρ}_{B}{V}_{t}} {{F}_{B}\left [ {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}+{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{B}} \right ]} ,

[0013] in, ρ A and ρ B are the densities of powder A and powder B respectively, F A and F B are the powder supply rates of powder A and powder B measured according to the method of step S1,x A1 and x B1 are the set mass fractions of A powder and B powder in the set alloy composition, V t It is to set the total volume of powder output within the set time;

[0014] S3 obtains the actual mass fraction of powder A and powder B in the current cladding layer: according to the printing code, a layer of cladding material is printed on the substrate and remelted to obtain the cladding layer; after the completion, the powder on the substrate and the gravity sensor surface is blown off with a high-pressure air nozzle, and the three-dimensional morphology of the cladding material before and after printing is obtained using a three-dimensional optical scanner. The 3D morphology is input into the computer control platform and converted into the volume of the current cladding layer. V , use the gravity sensor to obtain the weight change of the cladding material before and after printing the layer, input the weight into the computer control platform and convert it into the weight of the current cladding layer m The actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer can be calculated according to the following formula: x A2 and x B2 :

[0015] ,

[0016] ;

[0017] S4 optimizes the speed of each powder disc when printing the next layer: the computer control platform compares and analyzes the set mass fraction of the cladding layer with the actual mass fraction, optimizes the speed of the powder disc during the printing of the next layer, and generates a new printing code. i layer( i ≥2) The corresponding speeds of powder disc A and powder disc B are as follows:

[0018] ,

[0019] ;

[0020] S5 determines the final product printing procedure: repeat steps S3 and S4 to gradually reduce the composition error of the cladding layer until the accuracy requirements are met; the process parameters at this time are set as the final printing procedure, that is, the product printing procedure, and a 3D printed product that meets the composition accuracy requirements can be obtained through regular printing operations.

[0021] Furthermore, the above printing process is carried out in a high-purity argon environment, and the ambient oxygen content is less than 50 ppm.

[0022] Furthermore, the metal powder used in the above printing process is a single substance powder or an alloy powder.

[0023] Furthermore, during the above printing process, the composition of the substrate should be the same as or similar to that of the cladding layer material, and the substrate needs to be polished, cleaned and dried before printing.

[0024] Furthermore, when the printed product is a gradient material (a material whose composition and structure show gradient changes), the final printing program obtained in step S5 is the printing program of a gradient layer in the gradient material; according to the alloy composition of the next gradient layer, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to obtain the printing program of the next gradient layer of the gradient material; until the printing programs of all gradient layers in the gradient material are obtained, which is the final printing program of the gradient material product.

[0025] Furthermore, if it is necessary to measure the powder utilization rate during the printing process, if it is a single barrel printing, the additive manufacturing process is completed on the substrate, and the powder quality of the hopper during the printing process is measured at the same time m 1, and then the cladding layer mass is obtained according to the gravity sensor data: m 2, the powder utilization rate ;

[0026] If it is a dual-bucket printing, the additive manufacturing process is completed on the substrate, and the powder output quality of hopper A and hopper B corresponding to powder A and powder B during the printing process is measured at the same time. m A and m B ; Obtain the actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the cladding layer x A2 and x B2 ; Then obtain the cladding layer quality based on the gravity sensor data m , then the mass of A powder in the cladding layer is , the quality of B powder ; Then the utilization rate of A powder , the utilization rate of B powder .

[0027] The alloy preparation device for real-time control of additive manufacturing process described in the present invention specifically includes a laser cladding platform, a mass-volume detection platform and a computer control platform.

[0028] The laser cladding platform includes an argon gas bottle, an air flow powder feeder, metal powder, a laser nozzle, a fiber laser, a mechanical transmission arm, a substrate, a cladding layer, and a circulating water cooler;

[0029] The mass-volume detection platform includes a high-pressure gas nozzle, a gravity sensor and a three-dimensional optical scanner.

[0030] Before printing, the appropriate printing program must be set and imported into the controller of the mechanical transmission arm. During the printing process, high-purity argon gas in the argon cylinder is used to transport metal powder from the airflow powder feeder to the laser nozzle. The powder is melted by the fiber laser. The scanning mode is controlled by the mechanical transmission arm, and the powder is finally clad on the substrate to form a cladding layer. A circulating water cooler is used to reduce the temperature of the laser nozzle during the printing process.

[0031] The high-pressure air nozzle is used to clean the powder scattered on the substrate and the gravity sensor. The gravity sensor is used to measure the weight of the cladding layer and the substrate. The 3D optical scanner is used to scan the 3D profile of the cladding layer.

[0032] The computer control platform is used to receive signals input by the gravity sensor and convert them into mass information of the cladding layer. It also receives signals input by the three-dimensional optical scanner and converts them into volume information of the cladding layer. The mass and volume information are used to calculate the actual mass fractions of the two powders in the current cladding layer. The powder tray rotation speed for printing the next layer is optimized based on the difference between the set mass fraction and the actual mass fraction, and a new printing code is generated.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] 1. This method measures the mass and volume of the cladding layer in dual-barrel powder feeding printing in real time to obtain the actual ratio of the two printing powders. Based on this, the powder disk rotation speed (i.e., the powder feed rate) is adjusted in real time to ensure that the actual chemical composition of the cladding layer material meets the set value. This method is simple to operate and can greatly improve the efficiency of alloy preparation.

[0035] 2. By using an optimized powder tray speed during the dual-barrel powder supply printing process, a gradient material with a composition that meets the set value can be prepared.

[0036] 3. The present invention can measure the powder utilization rate during the cladding process, thereby providing guidance for formulating a printing process with high powder utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an alloy preparation device for real-time control of additive manufacturing processes;

[0038] Among them: 1-argon gas cylinder, 2-air flow powder feeder, 3-metal powder, 4-laser nozzle, 5-fiber laser, 6-mechanical transmission arm, 7-substrate, 8-cladding layer, 9-circulating water cooler, 10-high-pressure gas nozzle, 11-gravity sensor, 12-3D optical scanner, 13-computer control platform;

[0039] Figure 2 A flow chart of an alloy preparation method for real-time control of an additive manufacturing process;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of composition changes when printing gradient materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to enable people skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. In the present invention, words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may also be electrical connections; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, rather than indicating that the corresponding devices must have specific positions. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. In addition, "first", "second" and similar words are only used for description and have no other special meanings.

[0043] The present invention requires the substrate to be polished, cleaned and dried before printing; the printing process is carried out in a high-purity argon environment with an ambient oxygen content of less than 50 ppm; the composition of the substrate is the same as or similar to that of the cladding layer material; the A powder or B powder used in the printing process are both elemental powders or alloy powders.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Alloy preparation device for real-time control of powder feeding additive manufacturing process, such as Figure 1 Specifically, it includes a laser cladding platform, a mass-volume detection platform and a computer control platform 13.

[0046] The laser cladding platform includes an argon gas cylinder 1, an airflow powder feeder 2, metal powder 3 (including A powder and B powder), a laser nozzle 4, a fiber laser 5, a mechanical transmission arm 6, a substrate 7, a cladding layer 8, and a circulating water cooler 9;

[0047] The mass-volume detection platform includes a high-pressure gas nozzle 10, a gravity sensor 11 and a three-dimensional optical scanner 12;

[0048] Before printing, an appropriate printing program must be set and imported into the controller of the mechanical transmission arm 6. During the printing process, high-purity argon gas in the argon cylinder 1 is used to transport metal powder from the airflow powder feeder 2 to the laser nozzle 4. The powder is melted by the fiber laser 5. The scanning mode is controlled by the mechanical transmission arm 6, and the powder is finally clad on the substrate 7 to form a cladding layer 8. A circulating water cooler 9 is used to reduce the temperature of the laser nozzle during the printing process.

[0049] The high-pressure gas nozzle 10 is used to clean the powder scattered on the substrate 7 and the gravity sensor 11. The gravity sensor 11 is used to measure the weight of the cladding layer 8 and the substrate 7. The three-dimensional optical scanner 12 is used to scan the three-dimensional profile of the cladding layer 8.

[0050] The computer control platform 13 is used to receive the signal input by the gravity sensor 11 and convert it into mass information of the cladding layer 8. At the same time, it receives the signal input by the three-dimensional optical scanner 12 and converts it into volume information of the cladding layer 8. The computer control platform 13 is used to calculate the actual mass fraction of the two powders in the current cladding layer using the mass information and volume information. The powder tray rotation speed for printing the next layer is optimized based on the difference between the set mass fraction and the actual mass fraction, and a new printing code is generated.

[0051] Alloy preparation method for real-time control of powder feeding additive manufacturing process, the process is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0052] S1 Determine the powder feeding rate of each powder tray: Place two different metal powders (powder A and powder B) in the hopper of the airflow powder feeder 2, and measure the powder output mass within 1 minute when the rotation speed of a powder tray is 0.5rpm, 1.0rpm, 1.5rpm, 2.0rpm and 2.5rpm respectively. Plot the measured results into a curve and fit its slope. Define the slope value as the powder feeding rate of the powder tray F (g / min / r), when the powder plate speed n 1 (rpm), the printing time is t 1 (min), the powder hopper output quality;

[0053] S2 obtains the theoretical rotation speed of each powder pan: perform a single barrel powder supply printing test on powder A and powder B respectively to screen out the appropriate printing parameter range. Calculate the theoretical rotation speed of the powder pans of powder A and powder B according to the set alloy composition, and use this as the rotation speed for the first layer printing. Assume that the density of powder A and powder B is ρ A and ρ B , the powder supply rates are F A and F B , set the total volume of powder produced within 1 minute to V t , set the mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the alloy composition to x A1 and x B1 , under the condition of ensuring the same powder output volume within the same printing time, the theoretical speed of powder disk A n A1 And the theoretical speed of powder disk B nB1 As shown in the following formula:

[0054] {n}_{A1}=\frac {{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{A}{ρ}_{B}{V}_{t}} {{F}_{A}\left [ {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}+{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{B}} \right ]} ,

[0055] {n}_{B1}=\frac {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}{ρ}_{B}{V}_{t}} {{F}_{B}\left [ {{x}_{B1}{ρ}_{A}+{x}_{A1}{ρ}_{B}} \right ]} ,

[0056] According to the performance of the additive manufacturing equipment, the physical and chemical properties of powder A and powder B, and product requirements, the laser power, scanning speed, remelting power, remelting speed, opening spacing and other parameters are set. These parameters are input into the software control system together with the theoretical speed of the powder tray, and the printing code is generated and imported into the mechanical transmission arm 6;

[0057] S3 obtains the actual mass fraction of powder A and powder B in the current cladding layer: According to the printing code, a layer of cladding material is printed on the substrate 7 and remelted to obtain the cladding layer 8. The entire printing process is completed in a high-purity argon atmosphere with an oxygen content of less than 50ppm. After completion, a high-pressure gas nozzle 10 is used to blow away the powder on the surface of the substrate 7 and the gravity sensor 11. A 3D optical scanner 12 is used to obtain the 3D topography of the cladding layer 8 before and after printing. The data is input into the computer control platform 13 to convert it into the volume of the current cladding layer. V The weight change of the cladding layer 8 before and after printing is obtained by using the gravity sensor 11, and the weight change is input into the computer control platform 13 to be converted into the weight of the current cladding layer. m The actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer can be calculated according to the following formula: x A2 and x B2 :

[0058] ,

[0059] ;

[0060] S4 optimizes the rotation speed of each powder disc when printing the next layer: the set alloy composition of the cladding layer 8 is compared and analyzed with the actual alloy composition through the computer control platform 13, the rotation speed of the powder disc during the printing of the next layer is optimized, and a new printing code is generated, wherein the first i layer( i≥2) The corresponding speeds of powder disc A and powder disc B are as follows:

[0061] ,

[0062] ;

[0063] S5 determines the final product printing procedure: repeat steps S3 and S4 to gradually reduce the composition error of the cladding layer 8 until the accuracy requirements are met; the process parameters at this time are set as the final product printing procedure, and a 3D printed product that meets the composition accuracy requirements can be obtained through conventional printing operations.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Prepare gradient materials along the printing direction.

[0066] The apparatus used to prepare the gradient material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0067] The method for preparing the gradient material specifically comprises the following steps:

[0068] According to the product requirements, determine the composition ratio of each gradient layer of the gradient material (including the set mass fraction of the powder in each gradient layer) and the type of powder. Figure 3 shown.

[0069] S1: The method is the same as that in Example 1, and the powder supply rate of each powder tray is obtained respectively;

[0070] S2: The same as the method in Example 1, the theoretical rotation speed of each powder pan is obtained according to the powder supply rate of each powder pan in step S2;

[0071] S3: The method is the same as that in Example 1, and the actual mass fractions of different powders in the cladding layer are obtained according to the theoretical rotation speed of each powder pan in step S3;

[0072] S4: Similar to the method in Example 1, the set mass fraction of the gradient layer powder is compared with the actual mass fractions of the different powders in the cladding layer in step S3, the rotation speed of each powder tray during the printing process of the next layer is optimized, and a new printing code is generated;

[0073] S5: Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the accuracy requirement of the gradient material between the actual mass fraction of the powder in the gradient layer and the set mass fraction is met; set the process parameters at this time as the gradient layer printing program;

[0074] S6: Repeat steps S1 to S5 to obtain the printing program of all gradient layers in the gradient material, and based on this, the printing program of the final product of the gradient material can be obtained;

[0075] Three layers of each component corresponding to the bottom and top cladding layers of the gradient material are printed. Using the final product printing procedure, a gradient material that meets the composition accuracy requirements can be obtained through conventional 3D printing operations.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] Measure powder utilization during the printing process.

[0078] The device used to measure the powder utilization rate during the printing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0079] The method used to calculate powder utilization during printing is as follows:

[0080] For single barrel powder supply printing:

[0081] S1-1: According to step S1 in Example 1, the powder supply rate of the powder tray and the powder output quality of the hopper during printing can be calculated. m 1;

[0082] S2-1: The same method as in Example 1 is used to complete the additive manufacturing process on the substrate;

[0083] S3-1: According to the gravity sensor data, the mass of the cladding layer can be obtained as m 2, the powder utilization rate .

[0084] For dual-drum powder supply printing:

[0085] S1-2: According to step S1 in embodiment 1, the powder supply rates of powder A and powder B in powder tray A and powder tray B can be calculated respectively. F A and F B , and the corresponding powder output quality of hopper A and hopper B m A and m B ;

[0086] S2-2: The same as the method in Example 1, the theoretical rotation speed of each powder tray is obtained according to the powder supply rate of each powder tray in step S2, and the additive manufacturing process is completed on the substrate;

[0087] S3-2: The same method as in Example 1 is used to obtain the actual mass fractions of A powder and B powder in the cladding layer. x A2 and x B2 , and obtain the cladding layer quality based on the gravity sensor data m , then the mass of A powder in the actual cladding layer is , the quality of B powder , then the utilization rate of A powder , the utilization rate of B powder .

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an alloy for real-time control of an additive manufacturing process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 measures the powder supply rate of each powder pan: two different metal powders, A and B, are placed in the hopper respectively, and the powder output mass corresponding to different rotation speeds of a powder pan within a set time is detected. The measured results are plotted into a curve and the slope of the curve is fitted. The slope is defined as the powder supply rate of the powder pan. F ; S2 obtains the theoretical rotation speed of each powder disc: Set the alloy composition and calculate the set mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the alloy x A1 and x B1 , and formulate the theoretical speed of the powder disk n A1 、 n B1 The theoretical speed of the powder tray at this time is the speed of the powder tray when printing the first layer, and the printing code is generated; S3 obtains the actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer: prints a layer of cladding material according to the printing code to obtain the cladding layer; converts the three-dimensional morphology change of the cladding layer before and after printing into the volume of the current cladding layer V , convert the weight change of the cladding layer before and after printing into the mass of the current cladding layer m , calculate the actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer x A2 and x B2 ; S4 optimizes the rotation speed of each powder tray when printing the next layer: the computer control platform compares and analyzes the set mass fraction of the cladding layer with the actual mass fraction, optimizes the powder tray rotation speed during the printing of the next layer, and generates a new printing code; S5 determines the final product printing procedure: repeat steps S3 and S4 to gradually reduce the error between the set composition and the actual composition of the cladding layer until the accuracy requirements are met; set the process parameters at this time as the final printing procedure, that is, the product printing procedure; according to the product printing procedure, a 3D printed product that meets the composition accuracy requirements can be obtained through regular printing operations.

2. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the theoretical rotation speeds of powder discs A and B are n A1 and n B1 Calculated using the following formula: ， ； in, ρ A and ρ B are the densities of powder A and powder B respectively, F A and F B are the powder supply rates of A powder and B powder measured according to the method of step S1, x A1 and x B1 are the set mass fractions of A powder and B powder in the set alloy composition, V t It is to set the total volume of powder output within the set time.

3. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the actual mass fraction of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer x A2 and x B2 Calculated using the following formula: ， ； in, ρ A and ρ B are the densities of powder A and powder B respectively, V is the volume of the current cladding layer, m is the quality of the current cladding layer.

4. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, i The speed of powder tray A and powder tray B during layer printing n Ai and n Bi Optimize according to the following formula: ， ； in, x A1 and x B1 are the set mass fractions of A powder and B powder in the set alloy composition, x A2 and x B2 are the actual mass fractions of A powder and B powder in the current cladding layer, i ≥2.

5. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the printed product is a gradient material, the final printing program obtained in step S5 is the printing program for a gradient layer in the gradient material; according to the alloy composition of the next gradient layer, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to obtain the printing program for the next gradient layer of the gradient material; until the printing programs for all gradient layers in the gradient material are obtained, it is the final printing program for the gradient material product.

6. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: If you need to calculate the powder utilization rate during printing, if it is a double barrel printing, the utilization rate of A powder , the utilization rate of B powder ; in, m A and m B The powder output quality of hopper A and hopper B corresponding to powder A and powder B during printing, m A1 and m B1 is the mass of A powder and B powder in the cladding layer.

7. The alloy preparation method for real-time control of additive manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The printing process is carried out in a high-purity argon environment with an ambient oxygen content of less than 50ppm. The metal powder used is a single element powder or alloy powder. The composition of the substrate used in the printing process is the same or similar to that of the cladding layer material. The substrate needs to be polished, cleaned and dried before printing.

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